View source for Frank Keating

{{short description|American politician (born 1944)}}
{{for|persons of a similar name|Frank Keating (disambiguation)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2017}}
{{BLP sources|date=August 2011}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name                = Frank Keating
| image               = Frank Keating at a conference, Oct 20, 2001 - cropped.jpg
| order               = 25th [[Governor of Oklahoma]]
| lieutenant          = [[Mary Fallin]]
| term_start          = January 9, 1995
| term_end            = January 13, 2003
| predecessor         = [[David Walters]]
| successor           = [[Brad Henry]]
| office1             = [[United States Deputy Secretary of Housing and Urban Development]]
| president1          = [[George H. W. Bush]]
| term_start1         = 1992
| term_end1           = 1993
| predecessor1        = [[Alfred A. DelliBovi]]
| successor1          = [[Terrence R. Duvernay]]
| office2             = [[United States Associate Attorney General]]
| president2          = [[Ronald Reagan]]<br />[[George H. W. Bush]]
| term_start2         = 1988
| term_end2           = 1990
| predecessor2        = [[Stephen S. Trott]]
| successor2          = [[Wayne Budd]]
| office3             = [[United States District Court for the Northern District of Oklahoma|United States Attorney for the Northern District of Oklahoma]]
| president3          = [[Ronald Reagan]]
| term_start3         = 1981
| term_end3           = 1983
| predecessor3        = [[Hubert H. Bryant]]
| successor3          = [[Layn R. Phillips]]
| state_senate4       = Oklahoma
| district4           = 38th
| term_start4         = 1975
| term_end4           = 1981
| predecessor4        = Peyton A. Breckinridge
| successor4          = Wayne Winn
| state_house5        = Oklahoma
| district5           = 70th
| term_start5         = 1973
| term_end5           = 1975
| predecessor5        = [[Richard Hancock]]
| successor5          = [[Paul Brunton (politician)|Paul Brunton]]
| birth_name          = David Rowland Keating
| birth_date          = {{birth date and age|1944|2|10}}
| birth_place         = [[St. Louis]], Missouri, U.S.
| death_date          = 
| death_place         = 
| party               = [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| spouse              = {{marriage|[[Cathy Keating|Catherine Heller]]|1972}}
| children            = 3, including [[Chip Keating]]
| education           = {{plainlist|
* [[Georgetown University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])
* [[University of Oklahoma]] ([[Juris Doctor|JD]])
}}
| caption             = Keating in 2001
}}
'''Francis Anthony Keating II'''<ref name=biod1>{{cite web| title=Newest First Family Structured, Diverse | website=Oklahoman.com | date=1994-11-13 | url=https://oklahoman.com/article/2483672/newest-first-family-structured-diverse/ | access-date=2019-10-14}}</ref> (born February 10, 1944, as '''David Rowland Keating'''<ref name="biod1" />) is an American attorney, politician and a former [[FBI]] special agent who served as the 25th [[governor of Oklahoma]] from 1995 to 2003.

As of the [[2022 Oklahoma gubernatorial election]], Keating is one of only five governors in Oklahoma history, in addition to [[George Nigh]], [[Brad Henry]], [[Mary Fallin]], and [[Kevin Stitt]] to hold consecutive terms and the first [[United States Republican Party|Republican]] to accomplish that feat. As governor, he oversaw the state's response to the [[Oklahoma City bombing]]. His term was also marked by the enactment of welfare reform and tax cuts.

Keating oversaw the [[Capital punishment|execution]] of 52 [[Executions in US|people]] under his term as governor, a record unmatched as of 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DPIC- Executions by State and Year |url=https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/executions/executions-overview/executions-by-state-and-year |website=DPIC- Executions by State and Year}}</ref>

==Early life==
Keating was born on February 10, 1944, in [[St. Louis]], [[Missouri]], the son of Mary Ann (Martin) and Anthony Francis Keating.<ref>{{Cite web| title=Frank Keating | url=http://voicesofoklahoma.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/Keating_Transcript.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304032414/http://voicesofoklahoma.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/Keating_Transcript.pdf | archive-date=2016-03-04}}</ref> He was born '''David Rowland Keating''', but his name was changed to '''Francis Anthony Keating II''' when he was two.<ref name=biod1/> Before he was six months old, his family moved to [[Oklahoma]] and settled in [[Tulsa, Oklahoma|Tulsa]].<ref name="history">Everett, Diana. [http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/K/KE001.html Keating, Frank Anthony (1944– )] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100718000124/http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/K/KE001.html |date=July 18, 2010 }}, Oklahoma Historical Society's Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture (accessed April 4, 2013).</ref> A practicing [[Catholic]], Keating attended [[Monte Cassino School (Tulsa, Oklahoma)|Monte Cassino School]] then [[Cascia Hall Preparatory School]] in Tulsa, graduating in 1962. Keating attended [[Georgetown University]] in [[Washington, D.C.]] where he was president of the college student body, an editor of ''[[The Hoya]]'', and a member of the [[Philodemic Society|Philodemic Debating Society]],<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.nxtbook.com/naylor/BAKS/BAKS0111/index.php?startid=22#/28/ |title= New Man at the Helm |first= Bill |last= Streeter |date= January 2011 |work= ABA Banking Journal |access-date= June 9, 2015 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150613000135/http://www.nxtbook.com/naylor/BAKS/BAKS0111/index.php?startid=22#/28/ |archive-date= June 13, 2015 |df= mdy-all }}</ref> receiving his [[Bachelor of Arts]] in history, in 1966. He obtained a [[Juris Doctorate|J.D.]] from the [[University of Oklahoma College of Law]], in 1969, where he also was student body president.

Upon completing law school, Keating began his career in law enforcement. The same year he finished law school, Keating was made a [[Special agent]] for the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]]. Relocated to the [[West Coast of the United States|West Coast]], Keating was charged with investigating [[terrorism]] incidents in the area and other various duties. After years on the coast, Keating returned to Tulsa to become an assistant district attorney.

In 1973, Keating, was elected to the [[Oklahoma House of Representatives]]. He would serve a single term in the House, until 1975, when he was elected to the [[Oklahoma Senate]]. He would serve in the Senate from 1975 until 1981. While in the Senate, Keating became the [[minority leader]].<ref name="history" />

==Federal career==
Keating's law enforcement career and prominence in the [[Oklahoma Republican Party]] prompted newly elected President [[Ronald Reagan]] to appoint Keating as the [[U.S. Attorney]] for the [[United States District Court for the Northern District of Oklahoma|Northern District of Oklahoma]].<ref>[http://whitehouse16.com/the-candidates/allen-west/oklahoma-governor-frank-keating/ Oklahoma Governor Frank Keating] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014175844/http://whitehouse16.com/the-candidates/allen-west/oklahoma-governor-frank-keating/ |date=October 14, 2013 }} (accessed April 6, 2013).</ref> Keating served from 1981 until 1983, serving for part of that time as chairman of all U.S. Attorneys.  During this time, he was one of three US Attorneys in Oklahoma handling the [[Oklahoma county commissioner scandal]], which resulted in conviction of 230 people, including 110 county commissioners, for [[public corruption]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 February 1984 |title=Toll 230 as book closes on county commissioner scandal |work=[[The Oklahoman]] |url=https://www.oklahoman.com/story/news/1984/02/03/toll-230-as-book-closes-on-county-commissioner-scandal/62815077007/}}</ref>  He gave up that post in 1983<ref>[http://newsok.com/keating-resigns-as-u.s.-attorney-house-race-expected/article/2048811 Keating resigns as U.S. Attorney], Newsok.com, December 2, 1983 (accessed April 6, 2013).</ref> to run for Congress in {{ushr|Oklahoma|1}} and ran a competitive race which fell short of defeating [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] Congressman and [[House Budget Committee]] chairman [[James R. Jones]], who won re-election with 52 percent of the vote even though Republican President Reagan carried the district.

Shortly after Reagan was sworn in for his second term, he appointed Keating to serve as an assistant secretary of the Treasury and later elevated him to associate attorney general, the third ranking official within the [[U.S. Department of Justice]]. These appointments made Keating the highest ranking Oklahoman during the Reagan administration. In his positions as assistant secretary of the Treasury and associate attorney general, Keating oversaw both the Justice and [[United States Department of the Treasury|Treasury]]'s law enforcement agencies. These included the [[United States Customs Service]], the [[Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives|Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms]], the Secret Service, the [[Federal Law Enforcement Training Center]], the [[Federal Bureau of Prisons]], the [[U.S. Marshals]], the [[Immigration and Naturalization Service]], all 94 U.S. Attorneys and the U.S. role in [[Interpol]].

Late in the Reagan Administration, Keating continued to serve in the Justice Department in his role as associate attorney general. In 1990, President Bush elevated Keating to general counsel and acting deputy secretary of Housing and Urban Development, that department's second highest office, under Secretary [[Jack Kemp]]. He would serve as deputy secretary until 1993. As was the case in the Reagan administration, Keating became the highest ranking Oklahoman in the federal government, under Bush.

On November 14, 1991, Bush nominated Keating to a seat on the [[U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit]], but with  [[Democratic Party (US)|Democratic]] control of the [[U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee]], Keating's nomination languished and no hearing was held before Bush's presidency ended. President [[Bill Clinton]] chose not to renominate Keating, instead nominating former Oklahoma Attorney General [[Robert Harlan Henry]], who was subsequently confirmed.<ref>[https://bulk.resource.org/gpo.gov/record/2000/2000_S01212.pdf Google Search]{{dead link|date=January 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==Gubernatorial campaigns==

===1994===
{{see also|1994 Oklahoma gubernatorial election}}
After two years of private life, in 1994, Keating received the Republican nomination for [[Governor of Oklahoma]]. In a [[Oklahoma gubernatorial election, 1994|three-way race]] against [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic nominee]] [[Jack Mildren]] and independent [[Wes Watkins]], Keating was elected with just under 47 percent of the vote. He was undoubtedly helped by the presence of Watkins, a former Democratic Congressman, on the ballot; Watkins siphoned off a number of votes that would have likely gone to Mildren in a two-way race with Keating; his 233,300 votes far exceeded Keating's 171,000-vote margin of victory. Keating was sworn in as the 25th Governor of Oklahoma on January 9, 1995. He was only the third Republican ever to hold the post.

===1998===
{{see also|1998 Oklahoma gubernatorial election}}
Keating faced Democratic nominee [[Laura Boyd]], the first woman to receive a major party's nomination for Oklahoma Governor, in his [[1998 Oklahoma gubernatorial election|1998 re-election campaign]]. Keating won in a landslide victory, the second of five Governors in Oklahoma history to win two consecutive terms (after [[George Nigh]]) and preceding Democrat [[Brad Henry]]. He was the only Republican to do so before [[Mary Fallin]] in 2014

==Governor of Oklahoma==
{| class="infobox" style="font-size:90%; width:auto; text-align:left; white-space:nowrap; clear:left;"
! style="background:#DCDCDC; text-align:center;" colspan="3" | The Cabinet of Governor Frank Keating (1995–2003)
|-
! Office
! Name
! Term
|-
! style="background:#000;" colspan="3" |
|-
|[[Governor of Oklahoma|Governor]]
|Frank Keating
|1995–2003
|-
|[[Lieutenant Governor of Oklahoma|Lieutenant Governor]]
|[[Mary Fallin]]
|1995–2003
|-
! style="background:#000;" colspan="3"|
|-
|[[Secretary of State of Oklahoma|Secretary of State]]
|[[Tom Cole]]
|1995–1999
|-
|
|[[Michael J. Hunter]]
|1999–2002
|-
|
|Kay Dudley
|2002–2003
|-
|[[Attorney General of Oklahoma|Attorney General]]
|[[Drew Edmondson]]
|1995–2003
|-
|[[Oklahoma State Auditor and Inspector|State Auditor and Inspector]]
|Clifton Scott
|1995–2003
|-
|[[State Treasurer of Oklahoma|State Treasurer]]
|[[Robert Butkin]]
|1995–2003
|-
|[[Oklahoma Insurance Commissioner|Insurance Commissioner]]
|John Crawford
|1995–1999
|-
|
|Carroll Fisher
|1999–2003
|-
|[[Oklahoma Labor Commissioner|Labor Commissioner]]
|[[Brenda Reneau]]
|1995–2003
|-
|[[Oklahoma State Superintendent of Public Instruction|Superintendent of Public Instruction]]
|[[Sandy Garrett]]
|1995–2003
|-
! style="background:#000;" colspan="3"|
|-
|[[Oklahoma Department of Central Services|Secretary of Administration]]
|[[Tom Brennan (Oklahoma politician)|Tom Brennan]]
|1995–1997
|-
|
|[[Pam Warren (civil servant)|Pam Warren]]
|1997–2003
|-
|[[Oklahoma Department of Agriculture|Secretary of Agriculture]]
|[[Dennis Howard]]
|1995–2003
|-
|[[Oklahoma Department of Commerce|Secretary of Commerce]]
|[[Dean Werries]]
|1995–1997
|-
|
|[[Ron Rosenfeld]]
|1997–1998
|-
|
|[[Howard Barnett Jr.]]
|1998–1999
|
|-
|
|[[Russell M. Perry]]
|1999–2000
|-
|
|Vacant
|2000–2003
|-
|[[Oklahoma Department of Education|Secretary of Education]]
|[[Floyd Coppedge]]
|1995–2003
|
|-
|[[Oklahoma Corporation Commission|Secretary of Energy]]
|[[Carl Michael Smith]]
|1995–2002
|-
|
|[[Robert J. Sullivan Jr.]]
|2002–2003
|-
|[[Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality|Secretary of the Environment]]
|[[Gary Sherrer (Oklahoma politician)|Gary Sherrer]]
|1995–1997
|-
|
|[[Brian C. Griffin]]
|1997–2003
|-
|[[Oklahoma Office of State Finance|Secretary of Finance and Revenue]]
|[[Tom Daxon]]
|1995–2003
|-
|[[Oklahoma State Department of Health|Secretary of Health and Human Services]]
|[[Ken Lackey]]
|1995–1997
|-
|
|[[Jerry Regier]]
|1997–2002
|-
|
|[[Howard Hendrick]]
|2002–2003
|-
|[[Oklahoma Office of Personnel Management|Secretary of Human Resources]]
|[[Oscar B. Jackson Jr.]]
|1995–2003
|-
|[[Oklahoma Department of the Military|Secretary of the Military]]
|[[Stephen Cortright]]
|1995–2003
|-
|[[Oklahoma Department of Public Safety|Secretary of Safety and Security]]
|[[Bob Ricks|Robert Ricks]]
|1995–2003
|-
|[[Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology|Secretary of Science and Technology]]
|[[W. Arthur Porter]]
|1999–2003
|-
|[[Oklahoma Department of Tourism and Recreation|Secretary of Tourism and Recreation]]
|[[Edward H. Cook]]
|1995–1999
|
|-
|
|[[Jane Jayroe]]
|1999–2003
|-
|[[Oklahoma Department of Transportation|Secretary of Transportation]]
|[[Neal A. McCaleb]]
|1995–2001
|-
|
|[[Herschal Crow]]
|2001–2003
|-
|[[Oklahoma Department of Veterans Affairs|Secretary of Veterans Affairs]]
|[[Norman Lamb (politician)|Norman Lamb]]
|1995–2003
|}

===Oklahoma City bombing===
{{main|Oklahoma City bombing}}
Within three months of taking office, on April 19, the [[Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building]] in [[Oklahoma City]] was destroyed in the [[Oklahoma City bombing]], in which the lives of 168 people were lost and over 800 people were injured. The blast destroyed or damaged more than 300 buildings in the surrounding area, leaving several hundred people homeless and shutting down business.

Governor Keating mobilized relief and rescue teams to handle the crisis. Over 12,000 people participated in relief and rescue operations in the days following the blast. The national and worldwide humanitarian response was immediate and overwhelming. Governor Keating declared a [[state of emergency]], which allowed the [[Federal Emergency Management Agency]] (FEMA) to activate 11 of its Urban Search and Rescue Task Forces to assist in rescue and recovery operations.

The national focus climaxed on April 23, when President [[Bill Clinton]], along with Governor Keating and the Reverend [[Billy Graham]], spoke in Oklahoma City. In the weeks following the bombing, rescue efforts ceased and the building was imploded. Through both his own works and the works of his wife [[Cathy Keating]], Governor Keating gained both national and international attention for his efforts to help the victims and their families. Governor Keating also created a $6 million fund to assist victims and provide for college scholarships for children who lost a parent, or both parents, in the attack.

===First term===
Governor Keating set out with an agenda for the state under his administration, with many of his initiatives passed, despite an often hostile [[United States Democratic Party|Democratic]] controlled [[Oklahoma Legislature|Legislature]]. Many of Keating's proposals were policies designed for growth and reform for Oklahoma. These included education reform, environmental protection, tax relief, road building, economic development, public safety, and tougher law enforcement. Keating created a public-private partnership to assure care for the indigent as well as a stronger medical education program.

Keating's first major success was the passage of the first welfare reform law in the nation in 1995.<ref>[http://www.oksenate.gov/publications/issue_papers/human_services/WelfareReformInOK.html Welfare Reform in Oklahoma] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101218175915/http://oksenate.gov/publications/issue_papers/human_services/WelfareReformInOK.html |date=December 18, 2010 }}, Oksenate.gov Issue Papers (accessed April 6, 2013).</ref><ref>[http://www.okdhs.org/divisionsoffices/docs/ History of the Oklahoma Department of Human Services] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150612202508/http://www.okdhs.org/divisionsoffices/docs/ |date=June 12, 2015 }} (accessed April 6, 2013).</ref> The success of the law served as a model for President Clinton's welfare reform act of 1996. Keating managed to improve road and highway conditions throughout the state without raising taxes.

Keating implemented tougher [[parole]] policies and introduced a landmark truth-in-sentencing legislation. Keating also provided no [[amnesty]] when handling [[death sentence]] criminals, allowing all of those sentenced to death to be executed. Keating also raised the salaries of Oklahoma's state troopers from the lowest in the nation to the 24th highest.

Keating appointed a special task force that created tougher regulations on Oklahoma's hog and poultry industries.<ref>[http://www.odl.state.ok.us/oar/governors/bios/keating.pdf Biographical Note on Frank Keating] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110414200920/http://www.odl.state.ok.us/oar/governors/bios/keating.pdf |date=April 14, 2011 }}, Oklahoma Department of Libraries (accessed April 6, 2013).</ref>

In 1998, Keating became the first governor in 50 years to achieve a tax cut in the state's [[income tax]]. This combined with reduction in the sales tax, estate tax, and unemployment tax formed the largest tax break in the state's history until that point.

===Second term===
[[File:Frank Keating with Stephen Cortright.jpg|thumb|right|Keating with [[Adjutant General of Oklahoma|Oklahoma Adjutant General]] [[Stephen Cortright]] in 2001]]
[[File:FEMA - 5739 - Photograph by Gene Romano taken on 02-07-2002 in Oklahoma.jpg|thumb|right|Keating with [[Federal Emergency Management Agency|FEMA Administrator]] [[Joe Allbaugh]] in 2002]]
Sworn in on January 11, 1999, Keating's second term began with a progressive agenda, based primarily on education. In his 1999 inaugural address, Keating set four goals for Oklahoma for his second term:
# Raising Oklahoma's [[ACT (examination)|ACT]] to the national average by 2005,
# Decreasing Oklahoma's divorce rate by 50% before 2010,
# Ensure one out of every three Oklahomans has a college degree by 2010, and
# Raising Oklahoma's [[per capita income]] to reach the national average by 2025
Keating focused largely on education. He increased spending for common, vo-tech, and higher education facilities throughout the state and introduced [[charter school]]s to Oklahoma for the first time. His policies and recommendations on education to the Legislature lead to the largest investment, over $100 million, on higher education. Keating, in 2000, also raised teacher pay by over $3000 annually, the largest raise Oklahoma's teacher had ever experienced. Keating even managed to get higher educational facilities attracted to Tulsa for the first time. His legislative agenda required that all Oklahoma students take three years of math and four years of English, History and Science before graduation.

Along with the agenda set forth in his inaugural address, Keating sought to address out-of-wedlock births, substance abuse, and child abuse. Enlisting state government, community groups, and faith organizations, he organized the statewide initiative to strengthen marriage.

Keating struggled to get workers' compensation reform and right to work laws enacted due to the political makeup of the [[Oklahoma Legislature]]. Keating adjusted policies, made new appointments to Oklahoma's Worker's Compensation Court, and took other measures to control Oklahoma's rising worker's compensation costs. He would have to wait two years to see his vision for a right to work fulfilled. The Legislature decided to propose anti-union [[Right-to-work law|right to work measures]] as a 2001 constitutional amendment. Keating's six-year battle came to an end when, on September 21, 2001, Oklahomans approved the measure.

As he had done in first term, Keating sought to grant broad-based tax cuts. To further reduce taxes, Keating won passage of an [[income tax]] break and of the creation of Oklahoma's earned income credit system to benefit the poor. Also, under Keating's auspices, both Democratic and Republican leaders in the Legislature launched studies to examine Oklahoma's tax system, with the purpose of overhauling the entire system. During the study, the complete elimination of Oklahoma's income tax was proposed.

Keating signed a major criminal justice bill that reformed [[Truth in Sentencing]] law in Oklahoma.

In other legislative initiatives, Keating signed the repeal of Oklahoma's annual vehicle inspection program. He also granted state correctional officers and highway patrol troopers pay raises. Keating addressed the problems faced in Oklahoma's Tar Creek Superfund site by appointing a task force on the issue.

Among Keating's other accomplishments; overseeing the largest road construction project in Oklahoma history and leading his state through devastating tornadoes in 1999. As a crowning achievement, Keating raised more than $20 million in private money towards completion of the [[Oklahoma State Capitol]] with a dome. The capitol was originally designed for a dome, but state funding for it had run dry during [[World War I]].

[[Term limits]] prevented him from running for a third term; he was succeeded by [[Brad Henry]] as governor.

===Judicial appointments===
Governor Keating appointed the following members of the [[Judiciary of Oklahoma]]:

====Appellate courts====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! #
! Judge
! Position
! Court
! District
! Former Judge
! Appointment date
! End of service
! Successor Judge
|- style="text-align:center" 
| 1
| [[Kenneth L. Buettner]]
| Judge
| [[Oklahoma Court of Civil Appeals|Civil Appeals]]
| 5th
|
| January 26, 1996
| December 31, 2020
| [[Thomas E. Prince]]
|- style="text-align:center" 
| 2
| [[Stephen Lile]]
| Judge
| [[Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals|Criminal Appeals]]
| 5th
|
| November 6, 1998
| March 1, 2005
| [[David B. Lewis]]
|- style="text-align:center" 
| 3
| [[Daniel J. Boudreau]]
| Justice
| [[Oklahoma Supreme Court|Supreme Court]]
| 6th
| [[Robert D. Simms]]
| October 12, 1999
| September 1, 2004
| [[Tom Colbert]]
|- style="text-align:center" 
| 4
| [[James R. Winchester|James Winchester]]
| Justice
| [[Oklahoma Supreme Court|Supreme Court]]
| 5th
| [[Alma Wilson]]
| January 4, 2000
| Incumbent
| Incumbent
|- style="text-align:center" 
| 5
| [[Tom Colbert]]
| Judge
| [[Oklahoma Court of Civil Appeals|Civil Appeals]]
| 1st
| 
| March 6, 2000
| September 1, 2004
| 
|- style="text-align:center" 
| 6
| [[E. Bay Mitchell]]
| Judge
| [[Oklahoma Court of Civil Appeals|Civil Appeals]]
| 6th
| [[James P. Garrett]]
| February 20, 2002
| Incumbent
| Incumbent
|}

====Trial courts====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! #
! Judge
! Position
! County
! District
! Former Judge
! Appointment date
! End of service
! Successor Judge
|- style="text-align:center" 
| 1
| Jon D. Douthitt
| Associate District Judge
| [[Harper County, Oklahoma|Harper]]
| 1st
| 
| 1996
| 
| 
|- style="text-align:center" 
| 2
| D. W. Boyd
| District Judge
| [[Kay County, Oklahoma|Kay]]
| 2nd
| 
| 1996
| 
| 
|- style="text-align:center" 
| 3
| Roma M. McElwee
| District Judge
| [[Oklahoma County, Oklahoma|Oklahoma]]
| 7th
| 
| 1996
| 
| 
|- style="text-align:center" 
| 4
| John C. Garrett
| District Judge
| [[Adair County, Oklahoma|Adair]]
| 15th
| 
| 1996
| 2006
| Jeff Payton
|- style="text-align:center" 
| 5
| William R. Burkett
| District Judge
| [[Oklahoma County, Oklahoma|Oklahoma]]
| 7th
| 
| 1996
| 1999
| 
|- style="text-align:center" 
| 6
| [[P. Thomas Thornbrugh]]
| District Judge
| [[Tulsa County, Oklahoma|Tulsa]]
| 14th
| 
| 1997
| 2011
| 
|- style="text-align:center" 
| 7
| [[Gregory Kent Frizzell]]
| District Judge
| [[Tulsa County, Oklahoma|Tulsa]]
| 14th
| 
| 1997
| 2007
| 
|- style="text-align:center" 
| 8
| J. Michael Gassett
| District Judge
| [[Tulsa County, Oklahoma|Tulsa]]
| 14th
| 
| 1997
| 
| 
|- style="text-align:center" 
| 9
| Richard Van Dyck
| District Judge
| [[Caddo County, Oklahoma|Caddo]]
| 6th
| 
| 1997
| 
| 
|- style="text-align:center" 
| 10
| [[Harry M. Wyatt III]]
| Associate District Judge
| [[Craig County, Oklahoma|Craig]]
| 12th
| 
| 1997
| 2003
| 
|- style="text-align:center" 
| 11
| Norman Russell
| Associate District Judge
| [[Kiowa County, Oklahoma|Kiowa]]
| 3rd
| 
| 1998
| 
| 
|- style="text-align:center" 
| 12
| [[Noma Gurich]]
| District Judge
| [[Oklahoma County, Oklahoma|Oklahoma]]
| 7th
| 
| 1998
| 2010
| 
|- style="text-align:center" 
| 13
| [[David B. Lewis]]
| District Judge
| [[Comanche County, Oklahoma|Comanche]]
| 5th
| 
| 1999
| 2005
| 
|- style="text-align:center" 
| 14
| Vicki L. Robertson
| District Judge
| [[Oklahoma County, Oklahoma|Oklahoma]]
| 7th
| 
| 1999
| 
| 
|- style="text-align:center" 
| 15
| Deirdre Dexter
| Associate District Judge
| [[Tulsa County, Oklahoma|Tulsa]]
| 14th
| 
| 2000
| 
| 
|- style="text-align:center" 
| 16
| Ryan Reddick
| Associate District Judge
| [[Texas County, Oklahoma|Texas]]
| 1st
| 
| 2000
| 
| 
|- style="text-align:center" 
| 17
| Mickey Hadwiger
| Associate District Judge
| [[Woods County, Oklahoma|Woods]]
| 4th
| 
| 2001
| 
| 
|- style="text-align:center" 
| 18
| Elizabeth Brown
| Associate District Judge
| [[Adair County, Oklahoma|Adair]]
| 15th
| 
| 2002
| Incumbent
| Incumbent
|- style="text-align:center" 
| 19
| Jack Hammontree
| Associate District Judge
| [[Grant County, Oklahoma|Grant]]
| 4th
| 
| 2002
| 
| 
|- style="text-align:center" 
| 20
| Keith B. Aycock
| District Judge
| [[Comanche County, Oklahoma|Comanche]]
| 5th
| 
| 2002
| 
| 
|- style="text-align:center" 
| 21
| David M. Harbour
| District Judge
| [[Oklahoma County, Oklahoma|Oklahoma]]
| 7th
| 
| 2002
| 
| 
|}

====Courts of limited jurisdiction====
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! #
! Judge
! Court
! Seat
! Former Judge
! Appointment date
! End of service
! Successor Judge
|- style="text-align:center" 
| 1
| Ellen C. Edwards
| Workers Compensation Court
| 1st
| 
| 1996
| 2002
| Reappointed
|- style="text-align:center" 
| 2
| Richard L. Blanchard
| Workers Compensation Court
| 2nd
| 
| 1996
| 2002
| Reappointed
|- style="text-align:center" 
| 3
| Richard G. Mason
| Workers Compensation Court
| 3rd
| 
| 1996
| 2002
| Reappointed
|- style="text-align:center" 
| 4
| Kenton W. Fulton
| Workers Compensation Court
| 10th
| 
| 1996
| 2002
| Reappointed
|- style="text-align:center" 
| 5
| Jimmy D. Filosa
| Workers Compensation Court
| 7th
| 
| 1996
| 1998
| Reappointed
|- style="text-align:center" 
| 6
| D. Craig Johnston
| Workers Compensation Court
| 6th
| 
| 1998
| 
| 
|- style="text-align:center" 
| 7
| Jimmy D. Filosa
| Workers Compensation Court
| 7th
| 
| 1998
| 
| 
|- style="text-align:center" 
| 8
| Carol “Gene” Prigmore
| Workers Compensation Court
| 8th
| 
| 1998
| 2000
| Reappointed
|- style="text-align:center" 
| 9
| Susan W. Conyers
| Workers Compensation Court
| 4th
| 
| 2000
| 
| 
|- style="text-align:center" 
| 10
| Jerry L. Salyer
| Workers Compensation Court
| 5th
| 
| 2000
| 
| 
|- style="text-align:center" 
| 11
| Carol “Gene” Prigmore
| Workers Compensation Court
| 8th
| 
| 2000
| 
| 
|- style="text-align:center" 
| 12
| Cherri Farrar
| Workers Compensation Court
| 9th
| 
| 2000
| 
| 
|- style="text-align:center" 
| 13
| Ellen C. Edwards
| Workers Compensation Court
| 1st
| 
| 2002
| 
| 
|- style="text-align:center" 
| 14
| Richard L. Blanchard
| Workers Compensation Court
| 2nd
| 
| 2002
| 
| 
|- style="text-align:center" 
| 15
| Richard G. Mason
| Workers Compensation Court
| 3rd
| 
| 2002
| 
| 
|- style="text-align:center" 
| 16
| Kenton W. Fulton
| Workers Compensation Court
| 10th
| 
| 2002
| 
| 
|}

==2000 presidential election==
During the [[2000 United States presidential election|2000 presidential election]], Keating, while still Governor of Oklahoma, was considered a potential candidate for the Republican nomination of [[Vice President of the United States]] under [[George W. Bush]].

==Post-governorship==
[[File:Borenkeating.jpg|thumb|right|Keating with [[Dan Boren]] in 2006]]
[[File:Frank Keating (22047656529).jpg|thumb|right|Keating in 2015]]
In 2002 he authored a children's book about Oklahoma humorist [[Will Rogers]]. Another children's book about [[Theodore Roosevelt]] followed in 2006. Keating's third children's book about the trial of [[Standing Bear]] was published in 2008. His most recent children's book about [[George Washington]] was published in 2012. Keating also served on the boards of the [[National Archives and Records Administration|National Archives]], the [[Jamestown Foundation]], the [[Federal City Council]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Local Briefing|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=October 31, 2005|page=D2}}</ref> and [[Mount Vernon (plantation)|Mt. Vernon]]. He was president of the Federal City Council and chairman of the Mount Vernon Advisory Board.  He currently lives in [[McLean, Virginia]]

Keating and his wife Cathy are the parents of three children, Carrie, Kelly, and [[Chip Keating|Chip]]. In 2001, [[Cathy Keating]] was an unsuccessful candidate for the Republican nomination to one of Oklahoma's seats in the [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]] being vacated by [[Steve Largent]].  In 2006, [[Chip Keating]] was an unsuccessful candidate for the Republican nomination to a seat in the Oklahoma House of Representatives.

On December 2, 2006, columnist [[Robert Novak]] suggested Keating might be a candidate for the 2008 [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] presidential nomination.<ref>Novak, Robert. [http://townhall.com/columnists/robertnovak/2006/12/02/hamstringing_bush Hamstringing Bush] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304003110/http://townhall.com/columnists/robertnovak/2006/12/02/hamstringing_bush |date=March 4, 2016 }} (accessed April 5, 2013).</ref>

On December 20, 2006, Keating visited [[Columbia, South Carolina]], where he spoke to a group of GOP supporters about a possible 2008 Presidential bid.<ref>[http://www.wistv.com/Global/story.asp?S=5842733&page Keating visits South Carolina while mulling presidential run] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609144839/http://www.wistv.com/Global/story.asp?S=5842733&page |date=June 9, 2011 }}, WISTV.com (accessed April 6, 2013).</ref> On January 17, 2007, Keating was quoted in the ''[[Tulsa World]]'' as declining a possible run for the U.S. presidency in 2008.<ref>[http://www.tulsaworld.com/NewsStory.asp?ID=070117_Ne_A9_Keati38276 Tulsaworld.com]</ref> His reasons for not running were associated with the relative head starts in preparations of U.S. Senator [[John McCain]] and former [[Massachusetts]] Governor [[Mitt Romney]]. In February 2007 Keating appeared in [[Spartanburg, South Carolina]] and endorsed McCain's bid.<ref>Novak, Robert. [http://www.townhall.com/columnists/column.aspx?UrlTitle=bills_displeasure&ns=RobertDNovak&dt=02/24/2007&page=2 Bill's Displeasure: McCain's New Backer] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080220034404/http://www.townhall.com/columnists/column.aspx?UrlTitle=bills_displeasure&ns=RobertDNovak&dt=02%2F24%2F2007&page=2 |date=February 20, 2008 }} Townhall.com (accessed April 5, 2013).</ref>

Following his two terms as governor, Keating accepted a position as president and chief executive officer of the [[American Council of Life Insurers]], the trade association for the [[life insurance]] and retirement security industry. Keating's former Secretary of State, [[Michael J. Hunter]], served alongside his former boss at [[American Council of Life Insurers|ACLI]] where Hunter served as Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer.

On January 1, 2011, Keating became president and CEO of the [[American Bankers Association]].<ref>Phil Mattingly, Former Oklahoma Governor Keating to Head Banking Trade Group, Bloomberg, November 23, 2010.</ref> Founded in 1875, the American Bankers Association represents banks of all sizes and charters and is the voice for the nation's $14 trillion banking industry and its 2 million employees.

Keating served as a member of the Debt Reduction Task Force and Housing Commission at the [[Bipartisan Policy Center]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bipartisanpolicy.org/debt-reduction-task-force-members |title=Debt Reduction Task Force Members |access-date=November 13, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101213033551/http://bipartisanpolicy.org/debt-reduction-task-force-members |archive-date=December 13, 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| title=Housing Commission Members - Bipartisan Policy Center | website=bipartisanpolicy.org | url=http://bipartisanpolicy.org/projects/housing/members | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130428233139/http://bipartisanpolicy.org/projects/housing/members | archive-date=2013-04-28 | url-status=dead | access-date=2019-10-14}}</ref>

Amid the immigration debate of 2013, Keating wrote an op-ed in which he announced support for the [[Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act of 2013|bipartisan Senate comprehensive immigration reform bill]], arguing among other things that the bill's passage would shore up the future solvency of Social Security and Medicare.<ref>Frank Keating, [https://www.latimes.com/opinion/op-ed/la-oe-keating-gop-immigration-reform-20131111-story.html What would Reagan do?], ''Los Angeles Times'' (November 11, 2013).</ref>

On February 4, 2016, Keating joined the law firm of [[Holland & Knight]] as a partner.<ref>{{cite web| last=Wilson | first=Megan R. | title=Former head of Bankers Association to Holland & Knight | website=TheHill | date=2016-02-04 | url=https://thehill.com/business-a-lobbying/business-a-lobbying/268251-former-head-of-bankers-association-to-holland-knight | access-date=2019-10-14}}</ref>

On March 14, 2017, Keating was nominated by Oklahoma Governor [[Mary Fallin]] to serve on the [[University of Oklahoma]] Board of Regents.<ref>{{cite web| title=Former Gov. Keating named to University of Oklahoma Board of Regents | website=Oklahoman.com | date=2017-03-14 | url=https://oklahoman.com/article/5541593/former-gov-keating-named-to-university-of-oklahoma-board-of-regents/ | access-date=2019-10-14}}</ref>

In April 2017, Keating created a one-minute video regretting his support for wind energy while Oklahoma governor. "We made a mistake...this is a calamity for taxpayers".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vimeo.com/214526676|title=Frank Keating "Big Mistake" 60 Sec. Ad}}</ref>

== Events ==
* April 19, 1995: Three months after he was sworn in as Oklahoma governor, a [[fertilizer bomb]] exploded in front of a [[Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building|federal building]] in the capital killing 168 people. {{further|Oklahoma City bombing}}
* June 2002: Keating, a practicing [[Roman Catholic]], was named chairman of the [[U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops]] National Review Board examining [[sex abuse]] by [[Catholic priests]].
** June 16, 2003: Keating stepped down from the Review Board. The resignation came days after [[Los Angeles]] [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]] [[Roger Mahony]] criticized Keating for comparing some church leaders to [[Sicilian Mafia|the Mafia]].  In his resignation letter, Keating said, "My remarks, which some Bishops found offensive, were deadly accurate.  I make no apology.... To resist Grand Jury subpoenas, to suppress the names of offending clerics, to deny, to obfuscate, to explain away; that is the model of a criminal organization, not my church."

==See also==
* [[George H. W. Bush judicial appointment controversies]]
* [[Keating v. Edmondson]]
* [[47th Oklahoma Legislature]]
* [[48th Oklahoma Legislature]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Frank Keating}}
* [http://www.acli.com/ American Council of Life Insurers Website]
* {{C-SPAN|38542}}
*[http://www.voicesofoklahoma.com/interview/keating-frank/ Voices of Oklahoma interview with Frank Keating.] First person interview conducted on April 20, 2013, with Frank Keating.

{{s-start}}
{{s-legal}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Stephen S. Trott|Stephen Trott]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[United States Associate Attorney General]]|years=1988–1990}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Wayne Budd]]}}
|-
{{s-ppo}}
{{s-bef|before=Bill Price}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] nominee for [[Governor of Oklahoma]]|years=[[1994 Oklahoma gubernatorial election|1994]], [[1998 Oklahoma gubernatorial election|1998]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Steve Largent]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[David Beasley]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Chair of the [[Republican Governors Association]]|years=1998–1999}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Ed Schafer]]}}
|-
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[David Walters]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Governor of Oklahoma]]|years=1995–2003}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Brad Henry]]}}
|-
{{s-prec|usa}}
{{s-bef|before=[[David Walters]]|as=Former Governor}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[United States order of precedence|Order of precedence of the United States]]|years=}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Brad Henry]]|as=Former Governor}}
{{s-end}}

{{Governors of Oklahoma}}
{{Frank Keating cabinet}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Keating, Frank}}
[[Category:1944 births]]
[[Category:American Bankers Association]]
[[Category:Federal Bureau of Investigation agents]]
[[Category:Georgetown University alumni]]
[[Category:Law enforcement officials from Oklahoma]]
[[Category:Republican Party governors of Oklahoma]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Republican Party members of the Oklahoma House of Representatives]]
[[Category:21st-century Oklahoma politicians]]
[[Category:Oklahoma lawyers]]
[[Category:Republican Party Oklahoma state senators]]
[[Category:Politicians from St. Louis]]
[[Category:Politicians from Tulsa, Oklahoma]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic activists]]
[[Category:United States associate attorneys general]]
[[Category:United States attorneys for the Northern District of Oklahoma]]
[[Category:United States deputy secretaries of housing and urban development]]
[[Category:University of Oklahoma College of Law alumni]]
[[Category:Holland & Knight partners]]
[[Category:Catholics from Missouri]]
[[Category:Catholic politicians from Oklahoma]]
[[Category:Philodemic Society members]]
[[Category:Cascia Hall Preparatory School alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century members of the Oklahoma House of Representatives]]