View source for Frederick W. A. G. Haultain

{{short description|Canadian politician (1857–1942)}}
{{for|his father, the Canada West politician| Frederick W. Haultain}}
{{Use Canadian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix =
| name          = Sir Frederick W. A. G. Haultain
| honorific-suffix = 
| image         = FrederickWAGHaultain.png
| caption       = 1916 painting by [[Victor Albert Long|V.A. Long]]
| order         = 1st
| office        = Premier of the North-West Territories
| term_start    = October 7, 1897
| term_end      = September 1, 1905
| predecessor   = ''office created''
| successor     = [[George Braden]] (1980)
| lieutenant_governor = {{plainlist|
* [[Charles Herbert Mackintosh|Charles H. Mackintosh]]
* [[Malcolm Colin Cameron]]
* [[Amédée E. Forget]]
}}
| office1       = Chairman of the [[List of premiers of the Northwest Territories|Executive Committee]]
| term_start1   = November 7, 1891
| term_end1     = August 1, 1892
| predecessor1  = [[Robert Brett]] 
| successor1    = [[Hugh Cayley]]
| monarch1      = [[Queen Victoria|Victoria]]
| lieutenant_governor1 = {{ubl | [[Joseph Royal]] | [[Charles Herbert Mackintosh|Charles H. Mackintosh]]}}
| term_start2   = December 1, 1892
| term_end2     = October 7, 1897
| predecessor2  = [[Hugh Cayley]] 
| successor2    = himself as Premier of the North-West Territories
| monarch2      = [[Queen Victoria|Victoria]]
| lieutenant_governor2 = [[Charles Herbert Mackintosh|Charles H. Mackintosh]]
| office3       = [[Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories|MLA]] for [[Macleod (N.W.T. electoral district)|Macleod]]
| term_start3   = September 5, 1887
| term_end3     = September 1, 1905
| predecessor3  = [[Richard Henry Boyle, 6th Earl of Shannon|Richard Henry Boyle]]
| successor3    = District abolished
| office4       = Member of the [[Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan]] for [[Lumsden (provincial electoral district)|Lumsden]]
| term_start4   = December 13, 1905
| term_end4     = July 11, 1912
| predecessor4  = ''none''
| successor4    = [[Joseph Glenn]]
| office5       = Chief Justice of the [[Saskatchewan Court of Appeal]]
| term_start5   = 1912
| term_end5     = 1938
| predecessor5  = [[Edward Ludlow Wetmore|E. L. Wetmore]]
| successor5    = [[William Ferdinand Alphonse Turgeon|William F. A. Turgeon]]
| office6       = 1st [[Leader of the Opposition (Saskatchewan)|Leader of the Opposition of Saskatchewan]]
| term_start6   = March 29, 1906
| term_end6     = June 15, 1912
| predecessor6  = ''none''
| successor6    = [[Wellington Willoughby]]
| birth_name    = Frederick William Alpin Gordon Haultain
| birth_date    = November 25, 1857
| birth_place   = [[Woolwich]], London, England
| death_date    = {{Death date and age|1942|1|30|1857|11|25}}
| death_place   = [[Montreal]], Quebec, Canada
| restingplace  = [[Memorial Gates (University of Saskatchewan)]]
|restingplacecoordinates = {{coord|52|7|45.7|N|106|38|34.5|W|type:landmark_region:CA-SK|display=inline,title}}
| party         = [[Northwest Territories Liberal-Conservative Party|Liberal-Conservative]] 1897–1905 [[Progressive Conservative Party of Saskatchewan|Provincial Rights Party]] 1905–1912
| spouse        = Marion St Clair Castellain née Mackintosh
| education     = {{ubl | [[University of Toronto]] | [[Osgoode Hall]]}}
| signature     = Frederick Haultain Signature.svg
|}}
'''Sir Frederick William Alpin Gordon Haultain''' (November 25, 1857 &ndash; January 30, 1942) was a lawyer and a long-serving Canadian politician and judge. His career in legislatures of the North-West Territories and Saskatchewan stretched into four decades. He served as the first [[premier of the North-West Territories]] from 1897 to 1905 and is recognized as having a significant contribution towards the creation of the provinces of [[Alberta]] and [[Saskatchewan]]. From 1905 on he served as Leader of the Official Opposition in Saskatchewan as well as leader of the Provincial Rights Party. His legislative career ended when he was appointed to the judiciary in 1912.

==Early life==

He was born in [[Woolwich]], England in 1857, the son of [[Frederick W. Haultain]] (1821&ndash;1882) and Lucinde Helen Gordon (1828&ndash;1915),<ref>Perry, Craig 2006, pg. 161</ref> and came to [[Peterborough, Ontario|Peterborough, Canada West]], with his family in 1860. He grew up in Peterborough and [[Montreal]], where he was educated at the [[High School of Montreal]], later receiving a [[Bachelor of Arts]] from the [[University of Toronto]]. He later studied law at [[Osgoode Hall]] and was called to the bar in Ontario in 1882 and in the North-West Territories in 1884.<ref>'HAULTAIN, Frederick William Gordon', in ''The Canadian Who's Who'' (1909)</ref>

==North-West territorial politics==
[[file:Frederick W.G. Haultain na-510-1.jpg|thumb|left|Haultain in 1884]]

In 1884, Haultain opened a law practice in [[Fort Macleod]]. He also served as Crown prosecutor there for several years, and also was an editor for newspapers in Fort Macleod and [[Lethbridge]]. Haultain was elected to the [[Legislative Assembly of the North-West Territories]] in a by-election held on September 5, 1887. He defeated [[Charles F. P. Conybeare|Charles Conybeare]] by a large margin. Representing the electoral district of Macleod in the North-West Territorial Council from 1887 to 1888. Haultain won his next five elections by [[acclamation]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The Honourable Frederick Haultain, 1897 - 1905 |url=http://www.abheritage.ca/abpolitics/people/prem_haultain.html |website=AB heritage |publisher=Alberta Online Encyclopedia |access-date=8 Dec 2010 |archive-date=8 December 2010 |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/2217/20101208163028/http://www.abheritage.ca/abpolitics/people/prem_haultain.html |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref>

The editor of the Calgary Herald once wrote of him saying that "He is a man of academic training and large, clear perception; straightforward and manly even towards his enemies. In some respects, he is the most finished debater ever heard on a Western platform, arraying his Facts in crisp, clear-cut sentences, and then pressing home his argument with logic and Force?"<ref>{{cite book |last1=THOMAS/THOMAS/OWRAM/MACLEOD |first1=DOUGLAS |title=THE FORMATION OF ALBERTA A DOCUMENTARY HISTORY |date=1979 |publisher=Historical Society of Alberta |isbn=0-88864-987-8 |page=25 |url=https://www.albertahistory.org/wp-content/uploads/books/THE_FORMATION_OF_ALBERTA_A_DOCUMENTARY_HISTORY.pdf |access-date=21 April 2022}}</ref>

===Premier===
Haultain was appointed premier of the North-West Territories on October 7, 1897. Haultain also served as Attorney General and Commissioner of Education.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Honourable Frederick Haultain, 1897 - 1905 |url=http://www.abheritage.ca/abpolitics/people/prem_haultain.html |website=AB heritage |publisher=Alberta Online Encyclopedia |access-date=8 Dec 2010 |archive-date=8 December 2010 |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/2217/20101208163028/http://www.abheritage.ca/abpolitics/people/prem_haultain.html |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> As premier, Haultain led negotiations for the granting of provincial status. He argued for Alberta and Saskatchewan to be admitted as a single province named [[Province of Buffalo|Buffalo]],{{Sfn|Spencer|2007|p=4}} and wanted the new province to be governed by non-partisan governments. The federal [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal]] government of Sir [[Wilfrid Laurier]], however, decided against such a large province and favoured creating two provinces, Alberta and Saskatchewan, which eventually happened in 1905.[[File:Frederick WAG Haultain.jpg|thumb|left|Haultain in 1941]]

Frustrated in negotiations with the federal Liberal government, Haultain increasingly identified with the [[Conservative Party of Canada (historical)|Conservative Party]] and campaigned for it in the [[1904 Canadian federal election|1904 federal election]]. Laurier's Liberals were re-elected to a majority of seats in the House of Commons, and took two seats in the Alberta district, Conservative party candidates taking the other two.<ref>Mardon and Mardon, Alberta Election Results, p. 151</ref>

==Saskatchewan politics==

After Alberta and Saskatchewan became provinces in 1905, Haultain chose to be active in Saskatchewan. He led the Saskatchewan [[Provincial Rights Party]] in the [[1905 Saskatchewan general election|1905 Saskatchewan provincial election]], which was won by the [[Liberal Party of Saskatchewan]]. From 1905 to 1912, Haultain sat in the [[Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan]] as [[Leader of the Opposition (Saskatchewan)|leader of the Opposition]].

==Later life==

In 1912, the newly elected Conservative federal government of Sir [[Robert Borden]] made Haultain [[Chief Justice]] of Saskatchewan's [[superior court]]. Haultain was [[knighted]] in 1916. The next year, he became [[Chief Justice]] of the Saskatchewan [[List of Canadian courts of appeal|Court of Appeal]], a position that he held until his retirement in 1938.

Haultain died on January 30, 1942, at Montreal.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Honourable Frederick Haultain, 1897 - 1905 |url=http://www.abheritage.ca/abpolitics/people/prem_haultain.html |website=AB heritage |publisher=Alberta Online Encyclopedia |access-date=8 Dec 2010 |archive-date=8 December 2010 |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/2217/20101208163028/http://www.abheritage.ca/abpolitics/people/prem_haultain.html |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==

* {{cite book|last=Perry|first=Sandra E.|last2=Craig|first2=Jessica J.|title=The Mantle of Leadership : Premiers of the Northwest Territories and Alberta|year=2006|publisher=[[Legislative Assembly of Alberta]]|location=[[Edmonton]], Alberta|isbn=0-9689217-2-8}}
*{{Cite book|last=Spencer|first=Dick|url=https://archive.org/details/singingbluescons0000spen|title=Singing the Blues: The Conservatives in Saskatchewan|publisher=University of Regina; Canadian Plains Research Center|year=2007|isbn=978-0-88977-206-9|oclc=76481167|url-access=registration}}
* {{cite web
 |title       = The Honourable Sir Frederick W.A.G. Haultain, 1897–1905
 |work        = Legislative Assembly of Alberta library
 |url         = http://www.assembly.ab.ca/lao/library/premiers/haultain.htm
 |access-date  = 2013-09-17
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20130422004439/http://www.assembly.ab.ca/lao/library/premiers/haultain.htm
 |archive-date = 2013-04-22
}}
*{{cite web
  | title = Sir Frederick William Alpin Gordon Haultain
  | work = Canadian Confederation, people
  | publisher = [[Library and Archives Canada]]
  | date = 2005
  | url = http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/confederation/023001-4000.32-e.html
  | access-date = 2013-09-17}}

== Further reading ==

* {{cite book |last1=Barnhart |first1=Gordon L. |editor1-last=Barnhart |editor1-first=Gordon L. |title=Saskatchewan Premiers of the Twentieth Century |date=2004 |publisher=University of Regina, Canadian Plains Research Center |location=Regina |isbn=978-0-88977-164-2 |chapter=Frederick Haultain}}
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Byfield |editor1-first=Ted |series=Alberta in the 20th Century |title= The Birth of the Province, 1900–1910 |volume=II |date=1991 |publisher=United Western Communications |location=Edmonton |isbn=978-0-9695718-1-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/albertain20thcen0000unse |url-access=registration}}
* {{cite book |last1=MacEwan |first1=Grant |author1-link=Grant MacEwan |title=Frederick Haultain, Frontier Statesman of the Canadian Northwest |date=1985 |publisher=Western Producer Prairie Books |location=Saskatoon, Sask. |isbn=978-0-88833-147-2}}
* {{cite book |last1=Thomas |first1=Lewis H. |title=The Struggle for Responsible Government in the North-West Territories, 1870–97 |date=1978 |publisher=University of Toronto Press |location=Toronto |isbn=978-1-4875-7499-4 |edition=2nd |url=https://archive.org/details/struggleforrespo0000thom |url-access=registration}}

==External links==
*[http://www.abheritage.ca/abpolitics/people/prem_haultain.html Frederick Haultain biography]
*{{find a Grave|8523494}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|ca-sk}}
{{succession box|
 before=New District|
 title=[[Member of the Legislative Assembly|MLA]] [[South Qu'Appelle]]|
 years=1905–1912|
 after=[[Joseph Glenn]]|}}
{{s-legal}}
{{succession box|
 before=[[Edward Ludlow Wetmore]]|
 title=[[Court of Appeal for Saskatchewan|Chief Justice of Saskatchewan]]|
 years=1912–1938 |
 after=[[William Ferdinand Alphonse Turgeon]]|
}}
{{s-aca}}
{{succession box|
 before=[[Edward L. Wetmore]]|
 title=[[Chancellor (education)|Chancellor]] of the [[University of Saskatchewan]]|
 years=1917–1940|
 after=[[P. E. MacKenzie]]|
}}
{{s-end}}

{{NWTPremiers}}
{{PC Alberta}}
{{Progressive Conservative Party of Saskatchewan}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Haultain, Frederick}}
[[Category:1857 births]]
[[Category:1942 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century members of the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories]]
[[Category:20th-century members of the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan]]
[[Category:Canadian Anglicans]]
[[Category:Canadian Knights Bachelor]]
[[Category:Chancellors of the University of Saskatchewan]]
[[Category:English emigrants to pre-Confederation Ontario]]
[[Category:High School of Montreal alumni]]
[[Category:Immigrants to the Province of Canada]]
[[Category:Judges in Saskatchewan]]
[[Category:Lawyers in Saskatchewan]]
[[Category:Northwest Territories Liberal-Conservative Party MLAs]]
[[Category:People from Woolwich]]
[[Category:Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada)]]
[[Category:Pre-Confederation Saskatchewan people]]
[[Category:Premiers of the Northwest Territories]]
[[Category:Progressive Conservative Party of Saskatchewan MLAs]]
[[Category:Leaders of the opposition of Saskatchewan]]
[[Category:Saskatchewan Provincial Rights Party MLAs]]
[[Category:University of Toronto alumni]]