View source for Frogmore

{{Short description|Royal estate in Berkshire, England}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{About|the estate in Windsor}}
{{Infobox historic site
| name = Frogmore
| native_name =
| native_language =
| image = Frogmore House, Garden Front, by Charles Wild, 1819 - royal coll 922118 257037 ORI 0 0.jpg
| image_size = 260
| caption = An early 19th-century watercolour by Charles Wild, showing [[Frogmore House]] from the lake
| alt = View across a lake to a large house. Trees to the right.
| type = 
| locmapin = Berkshire
| coordinates = {{coord|51.4743|-0.5944|display=inline,title}}
| location = [[Home Park, Windsor|Home Park]], [[Windsor, Berkshire|Windsor]], [[Berkshire]], England
| area =
| built =
| restored_by = 
| architect =
| architecture =
| governing_body = [[The Crown Estate]]
| owner = [[King Charles III]]
| designation1 = Historic garden
| designation1_offname = The Royal Estate, Windsor: Frogmore Gardens
| designation1_date = 30 September 1987
| designation1_number = 1000587
| designation2 = Grade II*
| designation2_offname = Gothic Ruin of Temple by Lake in Frogmore Gardens
| designation2_date = 2 October 1975
| designation2_number = 1319305
| designation3 = Grade II
| designation3_offname = Kiosk to South East of Cottage in Frogmore Grounds
| designation3_date = 2 October 1975
| designation3_number =  1319306
| designation4 = Grade II
| designation4_offname = Bridge from Island Leading to Duchess of Kent's Mausoleum
| designation4_date = 2 October 1975
| designation4_number = 1319267
| designation5 = Grade II
| designation5_offname = Tea House to South of Frogmore House in Frogmore Grounds
| designation5_date = 2 October 1975
| designation5_number = 1117779
}}
'''Frogmore''' is an estate within the [[Home Park, Windsor|Home Park]], adjoining [[Windsor Castle]], in [[Berkshire]], England. It comprises {{convert|33|acre|m2}}, of primarily private gardens managed by the [[Crown Estate]]. It is the location of [[Frogmore House]], a royal retreat, and [[Frogmore Cottage]]. The name derives from the preponderance of [[frog]]s which have always lived in this low-lying and marshy area near the [[River Thames]]. This area is part of the local [[Floodplain|flood plain]]. Its large landscaped gardens are [[Grade I listed]] on the [[Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of special historic interest in England|Register of Historic Parks and Gardens]].

Part of the gardens of the estate are set aside as burial places for members of the [[British royal family]]: the [[Royal Mausoleum, Frogmore|Royal Mausoleum]] (containing the tomb of [[Queen Victoria]] and [[Albert, Prince Consort|Prince Albert]]); the [[Royal Burial Ground, Frogmore|Royal Burial Ground]]; and the [[Duchess of Kent's Mausoleum]] (the tomb of [[Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld|Queen Victoria's mother]]).

==Frogmore House and grounds==
{{Main|Frogmore House}}
[[Frogmore House]] was built in the 1680s and in 1792 the house and estate were bought by [[George III]] for his wife [[Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz|Queen Charlotte]], although the land had formed part of the [[Windsor Great Park|Windsor royal hunting ground]] since the reign of [[Henry VIII]].{{sfn|Plumptre|1981|p=87}} Charlotte engaged [[James Wyatt]] to redesign the house and sought the advice of her Vice-Chamberlain, William Price, regarding the redevelopment of the grounds.{{efn|Charlotte’s ambition was to create a ''Paradis Terrestre'', a secluded enclave enabling an escape from the rituals of court and modelled on the, almost contemporary, [[Hameau de la Reine]] at [[Palace of Versailles|Versailles]].{{sfn|Plumptre|1981|pp=91-95}}}}{{sfn|RCT|1997|p=33}} Price’s brother [[Sir Uvedale Price, 1st Baronet|Uvedale]], an early exponent of the [[Picturesque]], clearly influenced the design.{{sfn|Plumptre|1981|pp=91-95}} In 1840, Frogmore was inherited by the [[Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld|Duchess of Kent]] and, following her death in 1861, by her daughter, [[Queen Victoria]].{{sfn|Plumptre|1981|pp=91-95}} The estate became a favoured, almost sacred,{{sfn|RCT|1997|p=35}} retreat; after burying her mother in a [[Duchess of Kent's Mausoleum|mausoleum]] overlooking the lake, the Queen commissioned  another, the [[Royal Mausoleum, Frogmore|Royal Mausoleum]], for her husband [[Albert, Prince Consort]] and for herself, after Albert’s death in 1861.{{sfn|Tyack|Bradley|Pevsner|2010|pp=680-683}}

During her long widowhood, when she rarely visited London, Victoria spent much of her time at Windsor and at Frogmore.{{sfn|St Aubyn|1991|p=343}} She undertook further building work in the gardens, employing [[Samuel Sanders Teulon]] to construct a [[teahouse]], and engaging [[Thomas Willement]] to redecorate the Gothic Ruin, originally designed by Wyatt and [[Princess Elizabeth of the United Kingdom|Princess Elizabeth]].{{sfn|Tyack|Bradley|Pevsner|2010|pp=680-683}} In this setting Victoria placed the [[Indian Kiosk, Frogmore|Indian Kiosk]], and in her later years would often undertake correspondence in a tent set up nearby, attended by her Indian servant [[Abdul Karim (the Munshi)|Abdul Karim]].{{sfn|Tyack|Bradley|Pevsner|2010|pp=680-683}}

In 1900 [[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma]] was born at Frogmore House.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG4103|title=Lord Louis Mountbatten|publisher=British Museum|access-date=19 April 2021}}</ref> On the estate near the House is [[Frogmore Cottage]], built for Queen Charlotte around 1801.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rct.uk/collection/2100460/frogmore-cottage-windsor |title=Thomas Ingram (d. 1872) - Frogmore Cottage, Windsor |website=www.rct.uk |language=en |access-date=2018-11-24}}</ref> Frogmore Gardens are [[Grade I listed]].<ref name=NHLEGarden>{{NHLE|num=1000587|desc=The Royal Estate, Windsor: Frogmore Gardens|access-date=6 September 2017|mode=cs2}}</ref>

==Places of burial==
===Duchess of Kent's Mausoleum===
{{Main|Duchess of Kent's Mausoleum}}
The first of two [[mausoleums]] within the Frogmore Gardens is the burial place of Queen Victoria's mother, [[Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld|Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld]], the Duchess of Kent. The Mausoleum was designed by the architect [[A J Humbert]], to a concept design by Prince Albert's favourite artist, Professor [[Ludwig Gruner]].{{sfn|Plumptre|1981|p=96}}

In the latter years of her life, the Duchess lived in Frogmore House and in the 1850s, construction began on a beautiful domed 'temple' in the grounds of the estate. The top portion of the finished building was intended to serve as a summer-house for the Duchess during her lifetime, while the lower level was destined as her final resting place. The Duchess died at Frogmore House on 16 March 1861 before the summer-house was completed so the upper chamber became part of the mausoleum and now contains a statue of the Duchess by [[William Theed]] (1864).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mmtrust.uk/mausolea/view/21/Duchess_of_Kents_Mausoleum|title=Duchess of Kent's Mausoleum|publisher=Mausolea & Monuments Trust|access-date=24 April 2021}}</ref>

===Royal Mausoleum===
[[File:The Frogmore Mausoleum - geograph.org.uk - 4323303.jpg|thumb|200px|right|The Royal Mausoleum with the Royal Burial Ground in the foreground]]
{{Main|Royal Mausoleum, Frogmore}}
The second mausoleum in the grounds of Frogmore, just a short distance from the Duchess of Kent's Mausoleum, is the much larger Royal Mausoleum, the burial place of [[Queen Victoria]] and her consort, [[Albert, Prince Consort|Prince Albert]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/TheRoyalResidences/Frogmore/History.aspx| title=History of Frogmore| publisher=The Official Website of the British Monarchy| access-date=21 December 2015}}</ref> Queen Victoria and her husband had long intended to construct a special resting place for them both, instead of the two of them being buried in one of the traditional resting places of British Royalty, such as [[Westminster Abbey]] or [[St. George's Chapel, Windsor]]. The mausoleum for the Queen's mother was being constructed at Frogmore in 1861 when Prince Albert died in December of the same year. Within a few days of his death, proposals for the mausoleum were being drawn up by the same designers involved in the Duchess of Kent's Mausoleum: Professor Gruner and [[A. J. Humbert]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mmtrust.org.uk/mausolea/view/24/Royal_Mausoleum|title=Royal Mausoleum|publisher=Mausolea & Monuments Trust|access-date=24 April 2021}}</ref>

Work commenced in March 1862. The dome was made by October and the building was consecrated in December 1862, although the decoration was not finished until August 1871. The building is in the form of a [[Greek cross]]. The exterior was inspired by Italian [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] buildings, the walls are of granite and [[Portland stone]] and the roof is covered with Australian copper. The internal decoration is in the style of Albert's favourite painter, [[Raphael]], an example of [[Victorian era|Victoriana]] at its most opulent. The interior walls are mainly faced in Portuguese red marble, a gift from [[Luis I of Portugal|King Luis I of Portugal]], a cousin of both Victoria and Albert, and are inlaid with other marbles from around the world. The [[church monument|monumental]] [[sarcophagus|tomb]] itself was designed by Baron [[Carlo Marochetti]]. It features recumbent marble [[effigy|effigies]] of the Queen and Prince Albert. The sarcophagus was made from a single piece of flawless grey [[Aberdeen]] [[granite]]. The Queen's effigy was made at the same time, but was not put in the mausoleum until after her funeral.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://victorianweb.org/sculpture/marochetti/21.html|title=The Queen Victoria and Prince Albert Sculptures at Frogmore Mausoleum|publisher=The Victorian Web|access-date=19 April 2021}}</ref>

Only Victoria and Albert are interred there, but the mausoleum contains other memorials. Among those is a monument to [[Princess Alice of the United Kingdom|Princess Alice, Grand Duchess of Hesse-Darmstadt]] (1843–1878), Victoria's second daughter, who died of [[diphtheria]] shortly after her youngest daughter May (1874–1878).{{sfn|RCT|1997|p=45}} In the centre of the chapel is a monument to [[Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn|Edward, Duke of Kent]], Victoria's father. He died in 1820 and is buried in St George's Chapel, Windsor.{{sfn|RCT|1997|p=47}}

One of the sculptures is of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert in Saxon Dress, commissioned after Prince Albert's death and executed by [[William Theed]] (1804–91).  It was unveiled on 20 May 1867 in Windsor Castle, and was moved to the Royal Mausoleum in 1938.<ref name="v.a.theed">{{Royal Collection|60778|Queen Victoria and Prince Albert|[[William Theed]]}}</ref> The plaster model, which was exhibited in 1868 at the [[Royal Academy of Arts]], is on loan from the [[Royal Collection]] to the [[National Portrait Gallery, London]].<ref>{{cite book| first1=Elisabeth| last1=Darby| first2=Nicola| last2=Smith| title=The Cult of the Prince Consort| pages=[https://archive.org/details/cultofprinceco00darb/page/13 13–14]| publisher=Yale University Press| location=New Haven| year=1983| isbn=978-0300030150| url-access=registration| url=https://archive.org/details/cultofprinceco00darb/page/13}}</ref> Queen Victoria recorded in her diary that the idea for it came from [[Victoria, Princess Royal]] (her eldest child) and that the inscription on the plinth is a quotation from ''[[The Deserted Village]]'' by [[Oliver Goldsmith]].{{sfn|RCT|1997|p=46}} The inscription on the plinth alludes to the poet's lament for the passing of the imagined village of 'Sweet Auburn'.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.historytoday.com/archive/feature/mourning-prince-albert|first1=Elisabeth|last1=Darby|first2=Nicola|last2=Smith|title=Mourning Prince Albert|publisher=History Today|date=10 October 1983}}</ref>

The building has been closed to the public since 2007 because it is structurally unsound. The foundations are waterlogged, and the lower elements of the building are disintegrating. In February 2018, the Royal Household announced it was undertaking repair work on the mausoleum; the work is expected to be complete by 2023.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.thecrownchronicles.co.uk/history/queen-victorias-mausoleum-frogmore-reopen-visiting-public/|title=Queen Victoria's mausoleum at Frogmore to reopen for the visiting public| date=13 February 2018| work=The Crown Chronicles| first=Victoria| last=Howard| access-date=2018-04-07}}</ref>

===Royal Burial Ground===
{{Main|Royal Burial Ground, Frogmore}}
Since its inauguration in 1928, most members of the royal family, except for Kings and Queens, have been interred in the [[Royal Burial Ground, Frogmore|Royal Burial Ground]], a cemetery behind Queen Victoria's mausoleum. Among those buried there are [[Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn|Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught]], and [[Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester]], as well as [[Prince George, Duke of Kent]]; the [[Duke of Windsor]], who reigned as [[Edward VIII of the United Kingdom|King Edward VIII]] before abdication; and his wife [[Wallis, Duchess of Windsor|Wallis]]. Many members of the families of [[Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein]] and of the [[Marquess of Cambridge]] are also buried there. Also in the Burial Ground is the [[cenotaph]] of [[Maria of Yugoslavia|Queen Maria of Yugoslavia]], a great-granddaughter of Queen Victoria and wife of [[Alexander I of Yugoslavia|King Aleksandar I of Yugoslavia]]. Having lived in exile in London, she was buried here from 1961 until April 2013, when her remains were exhumed and returned to [[Oplenac]], Serbia.

==The Gothic Ruin, Queen Victoria's Teahouse and the Indian Kiosk==
Various other structures stand in the grounds including the [[Gothic Ruin, Frogmore|Gothic Ruin]] (1793), [[Queen Victoria's Teahouse, Frogmore|Queen Victoria's Teahouse]] (a brick pavilion of 1869) and the [[Indian Kiosk, Frogmore|Indian Kiosk]]. Constructed of marble, the kiosk was taken from the [[Qaisar Bagh]] in [[Lucknow]] following the looting of the city, by the [[Viceroy of India]], [[Charles Canning, 1st Earl Canning]] in 1858. The kiosk is octagonal with an [[onion dome]] with round arches and deep eaves. It is a [[Listed building| Grade II listed structure]].<ref name=NHLEKiosk>{{NHLE|num=1319306|desc=Kiosk to south-east of Cottage in Frogmore Grounds|access-date=3 April 2020|mode=cs2}}</ref> Teulon’s Teahouse also has a Grade II listing<ref>{{NHLE|num=1117779|desc=Teahouse to south of Frogmore House in Frogmore Grounds|grade=II}}</ref> while James Wyatt’s nearby Gothic Ruin (a [[folly]]) is designated Grade II*.<ref>{{NHLE|num=1319305|desc=Gothic ruin of temple by lake in Frogmore Gardens|grade=II*}}</ref>

==Public access==
The house and gardens are usually open to the public on about six days each year, usually around Easter and the August Bank Holiday. The Royal Burial Ground may be viewed from around its perimeter on the days that the gardens are open to the public. The Duchess of Kent's mausoleum may also be viewed externally, but is never open to the public.

==Gallery==
<gallery widths="160px" heights="160px">
Frogmore House 16-08-2014 front.jpg|Frogmore House
Kentmausoleum.jpg|Mausoleum of the Duchess of Kent
Royalmausoleum.jpg|Mausoleum of Queen Victoria & Albert, Prince Consort
Royalburialground.jpg|Royal Burial Ground
Gothic Ruin, Frogmore House Geograph-3503907-by-David-Hillas.jpg|[[Gothic Ruin, Frogmore|The Gothic Ruin]] by [[James Wyatt]]
TeaHouse Frogmore.jpg|[[Queen Victoria's Teahouse, Frogmore|Queen Victoria's Teahouse]] by [[Samuel Sanders Teulon]] 
Indiankiosk.jpg|[[Indian Kiosk, Frogmore|Indian Kiosk]] commemorating the end of the [[Indian rebellion of 1857]]
Indian Bean Tree, Frogmore Gardens - geograph.org.uk - 262721.jpg|An Indian Bean Tree
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Windsor Great Park]]
* [[J. W. Burrow]] on the use of an image of the sculpture of the Queen and Prince Albert in Saxon dress.<ref name="v.a.theed" />

==Footnotes==
{{notes}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
* {{cite book
| last = St Aubyn | first = Giles
| title = Queen Victoria: A Portrait
| year = 1991
| location = London
| publisher = Sinclair-Stevenson
| isbn = 978-1-856-19086-2
| oclc = 636229918
}}
* {{cite book
 | last = Royal Collection Trust
 | title = Frogmore House and The Royal Mausoleum
 | year = 1997
 | location = London
 | publisher = Royal Collection
 | oclc = 57354259
 | ref = {{sfnRef|RCT|1997}}
}}
* {{cite book 
| last1 = Tyack | first1 = Geoffrey 
| last2 = Bradley | first2 = Simon 
| last3 = Pevsner | first3 = Nikolaus
| authorlink3 = Nikolaus Pevsner 
| title = Berkshire 
|series = The Buildings Of England 
| year =2010 
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=mD9IAQAAIAAJ&q=editions:d-X077ffdBwC 
| publisher = Yale University Press 
| isbn = 978-0-300-12662-4 
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Plumptre | first = George
| title = Royal Gardens
| location = London
| publisher = [[William Collins, Sons]]
| year = 1981
| isbn = 978-0-002-11871-2
| oclc = 833434627
}}
==External links==
{{commons category|Frogmore House and Gardens}}
* {{Official|https://www.royal.uk/houses-frogmore}}
* [https://www.rct.uk/visit/frogmore-house?action=article&ID=35 The Royal Collection Trust – Frogmore House] (includes details for visitors)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170922131146/http://viewfinder.english-heritage.org.uk/search/reference.aspx?uid=80591&index=0&mainQuery=Royal%20Mausoleum&searchType=all&form=home Historical images of Frogmore Royal Mausoleum dating from 1870–1901]

[[Category:Grade I listed monuments and memorials]]
[[Category:Mausoleums in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Monuments and memorials in Berkshire]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Berkshire]]
[[Category:Home Park, Windsor]]
[[Category:Gardens in Berkshire]]
[[Category:Grade I listed parks and gardens in Berkshire]]
[[Category:Monuments and memorials to Queen Victoria]]
[[Category:Monuments and memorials to Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]]
[[Category:Frogmore| ]]