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{{Short description|English comedy scriptwriters}}
{{EngvarB|date=November 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2017}}
{{More citations needed|date=June 2012}}

{{Infobox comedian
| name         = Galton and Simpson
| image        = Aankomst op Schiphol van de geestelijk vaders van het TV-spel ' Stiefbeen en Zn., Bestanddeelnr 916-1372.jpg
| alt          = 
| caption      = L-R - Alan Simpson, Ray Galton, with the stars of ''Stiefbeen en zoon'', the Netherlands ''[[Steptoe and Son]]'', {{ill|Rien van Nunen|nl}} and [[Piet Römer]]
| active       = 1948–2017
| genre        = Radio, television, film
| past_members = [[Ray Galton]]<br />[[Alan Simpson (scriptwriter)|Alan Simpson]]
}}

'''Galton and Simpson''' were a British comedy scriptwriting duo, who wrote for radio, television and film, consisting of  [[Ray Galton]] [[Order of the British Empire|OBE]] (17 July 1930 – 5 October 2018) and [[Alan Simpson (scriptwriter)|Alan Simpson]] OBE (27 November 1929 – 8 February 2017). They had an association that lasted 60 years, and are best known for their work with comedian [[Tony Hancock]] on radio and television between 1954 and 1961 and their long-running television situation comedy, ''[[Steptoe and Son]]'', eight series of which were aired between 1962 and 1974.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ray Galton and Alan Simpson look back in laughter|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2570620/Ray-Galton-and-Alan-Simpson-look-back-in-laughter.html|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=16 August 2008 |access-date=16 July 2013}}</ref>

==Career==
<blockquote>Most writers meet as writers but neither Ray nor I had written before we met so we only ever knew how to do it together. I did the typing and we didn't put anything down until we'd agreed the line, rewriting as we went without doing drafts. For a while we shared an office with Eric Sykes and Spike Milligan. Eric used to write by hand in enormous letters, with three sentences to a page. Spike didn't have the patience to think of the right line so just wrote non-stop. When he couldn't think of a line he'd just write "Fuck it" and keep going. Then he'd go back and do draft after draft until he'd taken out all the "Fuck its".<ref name="independent/1219717">{{cite news |last1=Usborne |first1=Simon |title=How We Met: Ray Galton & Alan Simpson |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/how-we-met-ray-galton-alan-simpson-1219717.html |access-date=22 April 2025 |work=[[The Independent]] |date=4 January 2009 |language=en}}</ref></blockquote>

Galton and Simpson met in 1948, while being treated for tuberculosis at the [[Milford  Hospital]] near [[Godalming]] in Surrey. The partnership's break in comedy writing came with the [[Derek Roy (comedian)|Derek Roy]] vehicle ''Happy Go Lucky''. They had been writing gags for Roy at five shillings a time but when the main writers were sacked the pair took over writing the scripts. Tony Hancock was in the show but featured in a sketch written by two Australian writers. They met at a rehearsal and Hancock subsequently asked the pair to write a piece for another radio show he was booked to appear on.<ref name="Hippodrome">{{cite web
 |last=Flanagan 
 |first=Barry 
 |title=Derek Roy 
 |publisher=Memories of the Hippodrome 
 |url=http://www.localhistory.scit.wlv.ac.uk/articles/hippodrome/Roy.htm 
 |access-date=3 February 2009 
 |url-status=dead 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061008204817/http://www.localhistory.scit.wlv.ac.uk/articles/hippodrome/Roy.htm 
 |archive-date=8 October 2006 
}}</ref> They continued to work with Hancock and from 1954 to 1959 they wrote ''[[Hancock's Half Hour]]'' on radio; a series that also ran on television between 1956 and 1961. In October that year Hancock ended his professional relationship with the writers, and with [[Beryl Vertue]] who worked with the writers' at their agency [[Associated London Scripts]]. This writers' co-operative had been founded by [[Eric Sykes]] and [[Spike Milligan]], with others involved, including Hancock for a time.<ref>{{cite web|last=Marcus|first=Laurence|title=Ray Galton and Alan Simpson – Creators of the British Sitcom|url=http://www.teletronic.co.uk/galton_simpson.htm|publisher=Teletronic|access-date=16 July 2013|date=January 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724030709/http://teletronic.co.uk/galton_simpson.htm|archive-date=24 July 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

After their association with Hancock had ended, they wrote a series of ''[[Comedy Playhouse]]'' (1961–62), ten one-off half-hour plays for the [[BBC]]. One play in the series, ''The Offer'', was well received, and from this emerged ''[[Steptoe and Son]]'' (1962–74), about two [[rag and bone man|rag and bone men]], father and son, who live together in a squalid house in West London. This was the basis for the American series ''[[Sanford and Son]]'', the Dutch series ''[[Stiefbeen en Zoon]]'' and the Swedish series ''[[Albert & Herbert]]''.

Their comedy is characterised by a bleak and somewhat fatalistic tone. ''Steptoe and Son'' in particular is, at times, extremely [[black comedy]], and close in tone to [[social realist]] drama. Both the character played by Tony Hancock in ''Hancock's Half Hour'' and Harold Steptoe ([[Harry H. Corbett]]) are pretentious, would-be intellectuals who find themselves trapped by the squalor of their lives.<ref name="GALTON">{{cite web
|url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/article/obituary-ray-galton-6x8z6wbzt
|title=Ray Galton (obituary)
|date=8 October 2018
|work=[[The Times]]
|publisher=Times Newspapers Limited
|access-date=1 January 2022}}</ref> This theme had been expanded upon in their script for Tony Hancock's film ''[[The Rebel (1961 film)|The Rebel]]'' (1961), about a civil servant who moves to Paris to become an artist. [[Gabriel Chevallier]]'s novel ''[[Clochemerle]]'' (1934) was adapted by Galton and Simpson as a [[Clochemerle (TV series)|BBC/West German co-production]] in 1972. They contributed the book to ''Jacob's Journey'', a musical accompaniment to a 1973 production of ''[[Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat]]'', which was however soon dropped. Around this time an unbroadcast television pilot entitled ''Bunclarke With an E'' was recorded based on a ''Hancock's Half Hour'' script, with [[Arthur Lowe]] and [[James Beck]], but Beck died before the project could be developed as a series.<ref>{{cite news|last=Clark|first=Neil|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/10223138/James-Beck-the-Dads-Army-star-cut-off-in-his-prime.html|title=James Beck: the Dad's Army star cut off in his prime|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=6 August 2013|access-date=12 October 2019}}</ref> Another series from this period, ''[[Casanova '73]]'' (1973) with [[Leslie Phillips]] in the lead, was described by ''[[The Times]]'' in its obituary of Galton as "disappointingly typical of their later work."<ref name="Timesobit">{{cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/article/obituary-ray-galton-6x8z6wbzt|title=Ray Galton|work=[[The Times]]|date=8 October 2018|access-date=1 April 2020}}</ref>

While both writers continued to work after ''Steptoe and Son'' ended, including several projects with [[Frankie Howerd]], they had no further high-profile successes. [[Duncan Wood]], the former ''Hancock'' and ''Steptoe'' producer by then at [[ITV Yorkshire|Yorkshire Television]], commissioned ''The Galton & Simpson Playhouse'', a seven-part series broadcast in 1977, featuring leading actors of the time such as [[Richard Briers]], [[Leonard Rossiter]] and [[Arthur Lowe]]. None of these shows led to another series. Simpson retired from scriptwriting in 1978, becoming an after-dinner speaker,<ref>{{cite news|last=Barker|first=Dennis|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2017/feb/08/alan-simpson-obituary|title=Alan Simpson obituary|work=The Guardian|date=8 February 2017|access-date=30 April 2020}}</ref> while Galton collaborated in several projects with [[Johnny Speight]].

In 1996 and 1997, comedian [[Paul Merton]] revived several ''Hancock's Half Hour'' and other Galton and Simpson scripts for [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] to a mixed reception. Ray Galton's ''Get Well Soon'', based on his and Simpson's early sanatorium experiences, was broadcast by the BBC in 1997.

In October 2005, Galton and [[John Antrobus]] premiered their play ''[[Steptoe and Son in Murder at Oil Drum Lane]]'' at the Theatre Royal, York. The play is set in the present day and relates the events that lead to Harold killing his father, and their eventual meeting thirty years later (Albert appearing as a ghost). A series of old plays updated for modern times, entitled ''Galton and Simpson's Half Hour'', was broadcast on [[BBC Radio 2]] in 2009. The series of four episodes was made to celebrate the duo's 60-year anniversary, and the cast consists of [[Frank Skinner]], [[Mitchell and Webb]], [[Rik Mayall]], [[June Whitfield]] and [[Paul Merton]]. The successful Scandinavian television series ''[[Fleksnes Fataliteter]]'' and ''[[Albert & Herbert]]'' were based on ''Hancock's Half Hour'' and ''Steptoe and Son''.

==Awards==
Galton and Simpson were both awarded [[Order of the British Empire|OBEs]] in the 2000 [[British honours system|honours list]] for their contribution to British television.

On Saturday 1 June 2013, the British Comedy Society unveiled a [[blue plaque]] to Simpson and Galton at Milford Hospital (formerly the sanatorium at which the pair first met).<ref>{{cite web|last=Brown|first=Aaron|title=Writers Galton and Simpson to be honoured|url=http://www.comedy.co.uk/features/bcs_galton_simpson_plaque_event/|publisher=British Comedy Guide|access-date=15 July 2013|date=May 2013}}</ref>

On 8 May 2016, the two men were awarded a BAFTA fellowship for their comedy writing.

==References==
{{Reflist||refs=http://www.digitalspy.com/tv/news/a792963/steptoe-and-son-creators-will-be-honoured-with-the-bafta-fellowship/}}

==External links==
* {{Official|http://www.galtonandsimpson.com/}}
* {{imdb name|0303362|Ray Galton}}
* {{imdb name|0800882|Alan Simpson}}
* [http://dvdcompare.net/review.php?rid=903 DVDCompare review of ''The Galton and Simpson Playhouse'' (1977)]

{{Galton and Simpson}}
{{BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Galton and Simpson}}
[[Category:English radio writers]]
[[Category:English television writers]]
[[Category:British television show creators]]
[[Category:Screenwriting duos]]
[[Category:Officers of the Order of the British Empire]]