View source for Galveston, Texas

{{Redirect|Galveston}}
{{Use American English|date=June 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Galveston, Texas
| settlement_type    = [[City]]
| nickname           = "The Oleander City"<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the Oleander in America...<!-- ellipsis in the original --> By Way of Galveston |work=International Oleander Society |access-date=October 9, 2009 |url=http://www.oleander.org/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100401133650/http://www.oleander.org/history.html |archive-date=April 1, 2010}}</ref>
| motto              = "It's Island Time"<ref>{{cite web |last1=Elder |first1=Laura |title=Island rolls out new slogan |url=https://www.galvnews.com/blogs/laura_elders/island-rolls-out-new-slogan/article_9d6335c6-8dc3-11e2-b267-001a4bcf6878.html |website=The Daily News |date=March 15, 2013 |publisher=Galveston County The Daily News}}</ref>
<!-- Images --------------->| image_skyline      = {{multiple image
| border                 = infobox
| total_width            = 280
| image_style            = border:1;
| perrow                 = 1/2/2/1
| caption_align          = center
| image1                 = Galveston Texas Skyline.jpg
| caption1               = Galveston skyline
| image2                 = Bishops Palace Galveston 2009.jpg
| caption2               = [[Bishop's Palace, Galveston|Bishop's Palace]]
| image3                 = Galveston strand.jpg
| caption3               = [[Strand Historic District|The Strand]]
| image4                 = The Aquarium at Moody Gardens.jpg
| caption4               = [[Moody Gardens]]
| image5                 = The William Lewis Moody Home.jpg
| caption5               = [[Moody Mansion]]
| image6                 = Galveston, Texas (2024) - 50.jpg
| caption6               = [[Galveston Island Historic Pleasure Pier]]
}}
| image_flag         =
| image_seal         = City of Galveston Texas Seal.gif
<!-- Maps ----------------->| image_map          = Galveston County Galveston.svg
| mapsize            = 250px
| map_caption        = Location in Galveston County, Texas
| pushpin_map        = Texas#USA
| pushpin_label      = Galveston
| pushpin_relief     = yes<!-- Location ------------->
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = United States
| subdivision_type1  = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Texas]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[List of counties in Texas|County]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Galveston County, Texas|Galveston]]
<!-- Government ----------->| government_footnotes = 
| government_type    = [[Council–manager government|Council–manager]]
| leader_title       = [[Mayor of Galveston|Mayor]]
| leader_name        = Craig Brown<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.galvestontx.gov/529/Mayor---Craig-Brown|title=Galveston Mayor - Craig Brown &#124; Galveston, TX - Official Website|access-date=January 24, 2021|archive-date=January 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124191125/https://galvestontx.gov/529/Mayor---Craig-Brown|url-status=live}}</ref>
| governing_body     = [[City Council]]
| leader_title1      = [[City Manager]]
| leader_name1       = Brian Maxwell
| established_title  = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
| established_date   = 1839
| named_for          = [[Bernardo de Gálvez]]
<!-- Area ----------------->| unit_pref          = Imperial
| area_footnotes     = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2023">{{cite web|title=2023 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2023_Gazetteer/2023_gaz_place_48.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=February 24, 2024}}</ref>
| area_magnitude     = 
| area_total_km2     = 547.29
| area_land_km2      = 106.28
| area_water_km2     = 441.00
| area_total_sq_mi   = 211.31
| area_land_sq_mi    = 41.04
| area_water_sq_mi   = 170.27
<!-- Population ----------->| population_as_of   = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
| population_est     = 53538
| pop_est_as_of      = 2024
| pop_est_footnotes  = <ref name="q682">{{cite web | title=U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Galveston city, Texas | website=Census Bureau QuickFacts | date=2024-07-01 | url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/galvestoncitytexas/PST045224 | access-date=2025-07-15}}</ref>
| population_footnotes = <ref name="2020 Census (City)"/>
| population_total   = 53695
| population_density_km2 = 499.5
| population_density_sq_mi = 1294
| population_rank    = US: 753rd<br>TX: [[List of municipalities in Texas|70th]]
| population_urban   = 191863 (US: [[List of United States urban areas|200th]])
| population_density_urban_km2 = 679.7
| population_density_urban_sq_mi = 1760.5
| population_demonym = Galvestonian or Galvestinian
<!-- General information -->| timezone           = [[Central Time Zone|Central (CST)]]
| utc_offset         = –6
| timezone_DST       = CDT
| utc_offset_DST     = –5
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name=gnis/>
| elevation_m        = 2
| elevation_ft       = 7
| coordinates        = {{coord|29|18|05|N|94|47|52|W|region:US-TX|display=inline,title}}
| postal_code_type   = [[ZIP Code]]s
| postal_code        = 77550, 77551, 77552, 77553, 77554, 77555
| area_code          = [[Area code 409|409]]
| blank_name         = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info         = 48-28068
| blank1_name        = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info        = 1377745<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|1377745}}</ref>
| website            = {{URL|https://www.galvestontx.gov/|galvestontx.gov}}
| footnotes          = 
}}

'''Galveston''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɡ|æ|l|v|ᵻ|s|t|ən}} {{respell|GAL|vis|tən}}) is a [[resort town|resort city]] and [[port]] on the [[Gulf Coast of the United States|Gulf Coast]] of the U.S. state of [[Texas]]. It encompasses {{convert|211.31|sqmi}} on [[Galveston Island]] and [[Pelican Island (Texas)|Pelican Island]]. As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], the city had a population of 53,695,<ref name="2020 Census (City)">{{cite web|title=Explore Census Data |url=https://data.census.gov/profile/Galveston_city,_Texas?g=160XX00US4828068 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=February 24, 2024}}</ref> making it the second-largest municipality in [[Galveston County, Texas|Galveston County]], where it also serves as the [[county seat]]. Located at the southern end of the [[Greater Houston|Houston metropolitan area]], Galveston sits on the northwestern coast of the [[Gulf of Mexico]].

Galveston, or Galvez's town, was named after 18th-century Spanish military and political leader [[Bernardo de Gálvez]], 1st Count of Gálvez (1746–1786). The first [[Europe]]an settlements on Galveston Island were built around 1816 by French pirate [[Louis-Michel Aury]] to help the fledgling [[First Mexican Empire]] fight for independence from the [[Spanish Empire]]. The [[Port of Galveston]] was established in 1825 by the [[Congress of Mexico]] following its independence. The city was the main port for the fledgling [[Texas Navy]] during the [[Texas Revolution]] of 1836, and later served temporarily as the new national capital of the [[Republic of Texas]]. In 1865, General [[Gordon Granger]] arrived at [[Ashton Villa]] and [[General Order No. 3|announced]] to some of the last enslaved [[African Americans]] that [[Emancipation Proclamation|slavery was no longer legal]]. This event is commemorated annually on June 19, the [[Federal holidays in the United States|federal holiday]] of [[Juneteenth]].

During the 19th century, Galveston became a major U.S. commercial center and one of the largest ports in the United States. It was, for a time, Texas' largest city, known as the "Queen City of the Gulf". It was devastated by the unexpected [[1900 Galveston hurricane|Galveston Hurricane of 1900]], whose effects included massive flooding and a storm surge which nearly wiped out the town. The natural disaster on the exposed [[barrier island]] is still ranked today as the deadliest in United States history, with an estimated death toll between 6,000 and 12,000 people. The city subsequently reemerged during the [[Prohibition in the United States|Prohibition era]] of 1919–1933 as a leading tourist hub and a [[Free State of Galveston|center of illegal gambling]], nicknamed the [[Free State of Galveston]] until this era ended in the 1950s with subsequent other economic and social development.

Much of Galveston's economy is centered in the [[tourism]], [[health care]], [[shipping]], and [[finance|financial]] industries. The {{convert|84|acre|ha|adj=on}} [[University of Texas Medical Branch]] campus with an enrollment of more than 2,500 students is a major economic force of the city. Galveston is home to six [[historic districts]] containing one of the largest historically significant collections of 19th-century buildings in the U.S., with over 60 structures listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]], maintained by the [[National Park Service]] in the [[United States Department of the Interior]].

==History==
{{Main|History of Galveston, Texas}}

===Exploration and 19th-century development===
[[File:Plan of the City of Galveston, Texas.jpg|thumb|Plan of the City of Galveston (c. 1845)]] [[File:Map of City of Galveston.jpg|thumb|Map of City of Galveston (c. 1904)]]
Indigenous inhabitants of Galveston Island called the island ''Auia''.<ref name=McComb1>{{cite book|last=McComb|first=David G.|title=Galveston: A History|location=Austin|publisher=University of Texas Press|chapter=The Edge of Time|year=1986|isbn=978-0292-720534}}</ref> Though there is no certainty regarding their route and their landings, [[Cabeza de Vaca]] and his crew were shipwrecked at a place he called "Isla de Malhado" in November 1528. This could have referred to Galveston Island or [[San Luis Pass (Galveston Island)|San Luis Island]].<ref name=chipman>{{Cite web|series=The Handbook of Texas Online |publisher=Texas State Historical Association |first=Donald E. |last=Chipman |title=Malhado Island |date=June 15, 2010 |access-date=January 17, 2020 |url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/rrm01}}</ref>
During his charting of the Gulf Coast in 1785, the Spanish explorer José de Evia labeled the water features surrounding the island "Bd. de Galvestown" and "Bahia de Galvestowm" [sic]. He was working under the orders of Bernardo de Gálvez. In his early chart, he called the western end of the island "Isla de San Luis" and the eastern end "Pt. de Culebras". Evia did not label the island itself on his map of 1799. Just five years later, [[Alexander von Humboldt]] borrowed the place names Isla de San Luis, Pte. De Culebras, and Bahia de Galveston. Stephen F. Austin followed his predecessors in the use of "San Luis Island", but introduced "Galveston" to refer to the little village at the east end of the island. Evidence of the name Galveston Island appears on an 1833 map by David H. Burr.<ref name=McComb1/>

The island first permanent European settlements were constructed around 1816 by the [[pirate]] [[Louis-Michel Aury]] to support Mexico's rebellion against Spain. In 1817, Aury returned from an unsuccessful raid against Spain to find Galveston occupied by the pirate [[Jean Lafitte]].<ref name="HTOAURY">{{Cite web|title=Aury, Louis Michel |series=Handbook of Texas Online |publisher=Texas State Historical Association |first=Harris Gaylord |last=Warren |access-date=January 12, 2020 |url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fau04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110709204001/http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fau04 |archive-date=July 9, 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Lafitte organized Galveston into a pirate "kingdom" he called "Campeche", anointing himself the island's "head of government".<ref name="HTOLAFITTE">{{Cite web|title=Lafitte, Jean |work=Handbook of Texas Online, Texas State Historical Association |author=Harris Gaylord Warren |access-date=October 3, 2009 |url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fla12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101119031432/http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fla12 |archive-date=November 19, 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Lafitte remained in Galveston until 1821, when the [[United States Navy]] forced him and his raiders off the island.<ref name="HTOLAFITTE"/><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Legend of Jean Lafitte |work=Kemah Historical Society |author=Jimmie Walker |access-date=October 3, 2009 |url=http://www.kemahhistoricalsociety.net/legend1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090417173744/http://www.kemahhistoricalsociety.net/legend1.html |archive-date=April 17, 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 1825 the [[Congress of Mexico]] established the [[Port of Galveston]] and in 1830 erected a [[customs house]].<ref name="WLDPORT">{{Cite web|title=Port of Galveston |work=World Port Source |access-date=October 3, 2009 |url=http://www.worldportsource.com/ports/USA_TX_Port_of_Galveston_34.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090531161741/http://www.worldportsource.com/ports/USA_TX_Port_of_Galveston_34.php |archive-date=May 31, 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Galveston served as the capital of the [[Republic of Texas]] when in 1836 the [[Acting president|interim]] president [[David G. Burnet]] relocated his government there.<ref name="WLDPORT"/> In 1836, the French-Canadian [[Michel Branamour Menard]] and several associates purchased {{convert|4,605|acre|km2}} of land for $50,000 to found the town that would become the modern city of Galveston.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Menard, Michel Branamour |work=Handbook of Texas Online, Texas State Historical Association |access-date=October 4, 2009 |url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fme09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110709190311/http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fme09 |archive-date=July 9, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Galveston Collection |work=Texas Archival Resources Online, University of Houston |access-date=October 4, 2009 |url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/taro/uhsc/00029/hsc-00029.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080501222651/http://www.lib.utexas.edu/taro/uhsc/00029/hsc-00029.html |archive-date=May 1, 2008}}</ref><ref name="ISSTORM">{{Cite web|title=History of Galveston |work=Isaac's Storm, Random House |access-date=October 3, 2009 |url=http://www.randomhouse.com/features/isaacsstorm/greatstorm/historygalveston.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091028044257/http://www.randomhouse.com/features/isaacsstorm/greatstorm/historygalveston.html |archive-date=October 28, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref> As Anglo-Americans migrated to the city, they brought along or purchased [[Slavery in the United States|enslaved]] [[African Americans]], some of whom worked domestically or on the waterfront, including on riverboats.

In 1839, the City of Galveston adopted a charter and was incorporated by the Congress of the [[Republic of Texas]].<ref name="ISSTORM"/><ref name="HTOGAL">{{Cite web|title=Galveston Island |work=Handbook of Texas Online, Texas State Historical Association |access-date=October 3, 2009 |url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/rrg02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101109025620/http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/rrg02 |archive-date=November 9, 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The city was by then a burgeoning [[port of entry]] and attracted many new residents in the 1840s and later among the flood of [[German Americans#Texas|German immigrants to Texas]], including Jewish merchants.<ref>[http://www.isjl.org/history/archive/tx/galveston.html "Galveston, Texas"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111028165340/http://www.isjl.org/history/archive/tx/galveston.html |date=October 28, 2011}}, ''Encyclopedia of Southern Jewish Communities''</ref> Together with ethnic Mexican residents, these groups tended to oppose slavery, support the Union during the Civil War, and join the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]] after the war.

During this expansion, the city had many "firsts" in the state, with the founding of institutions and adoption of inventions: post office (1836), naval base (1836), Texas chapter of a [[Freemasons|Masonic]] order (1840); cotton compress (1842), Catholic [[parochial school]] (Ursuline Academy) (1847), insurance company (1854), and gas lights (1856).<ref name="ISSTORM"/><ref name="Barrington, Carol; Kearney, Sydney 2006 241">{{Cite book|title=Day Trips from Houston: Getaway Ideas for the Local Traveler |page=241 |author1=Barrington, Carol |author2=Kearney, Sydney |year=2006 |publisher=Globe Pequot |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=euz4fbCDlLYC |isbn=0-7627-3867-7}}</ref>

During the [[American Civil War]], [[Confederate States Army|Confederate]] forces under [[Major General]] [[John B. Magruder]] attacked and expelled occupying [[Union Army|Union]] troops from the city in January 1863 in the [[Battle of Galveston]].<ref name="HTOGBAT">{{Cite web|title=Galveston, Battle of |work=Handbook of Texas Online, Texas State Historical Association |author=Alwyn Barr |access-date=October 3, 2009 |url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/qeg01 |author-link=Alwyn Barr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101107164112/http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/qeg01 |archive-date=November 7, 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> On June 19, 1865, two months after the [[Lee's surrender|end of the war]] and almost three years after the issuance of the [[Emancipation Proclamation]], General [[Gordon Granger]] of the Union Army informed the enslaved people of Texas that they were now free.<ref>{{Cite web|date=June 13, 2021 |title=Juneteenth and General Order No. 3 |url=https://www.galvestonhistory.org/news/juneteenth-and-general-order-no-3 |access-date=September 17, 2021 |website=Galveston Historical Foundation |language=en-US |archive-date=September 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917214151/https://www.galvestonhistory.org/news/juneteenth-and-general-order-no-3 |url-status=live}}</ref> This news was transmitted via [[General Order No. 3]], an event now commemorated on the [[Federal holidays in the United States|federal holiday]] of [[Juneteenth]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Featured Document Display: The Emancipation Proclamation and Juneteenth |url=https://museum.archives.gov/featured-document-display-emancipation-proclamation-and-juneteenth |access-date=September 17, 2021 |website=National Archives Museum |language=en |archive-date=September 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917214153/https://museum.archives.gov/featured-document-display-emancipation-proclamation-and-juneteenth |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Biden signs bill making Juneteenth, marking end of slavery, a federal holiday |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/biden-signs-bill-making-juneteenth-marking-end-slavery/story?id=78335485 |access-date=September 17, 2021 |website=ABC News |language=en |archive-date=September 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917214152/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/biden-signs-bill-making-juneteenth-marking-end-slavery/story?id=78335485 |url-status=live}}</ref>

After the Civil War, Galveston mandated street improvements and construction standards. The city required property owners facing commercial streets to construct and maintain sidewalks of wooden planks or bricks, or pay an assessment to the city for the construction of the same. During the same period, the city drew a boundary known as a "fire zone", within which new buildings could not be constructed of wood.<ref>Robinson (1981), p. 89.</ref>

In 1867 Galveston suffered a [[yellow fever]] epidemic; about 1800 people died in the city.<ref>{{cite book|title=A Southern Family in White & Black: The Cuneys of Texas |author=Hales, Douglas |publisher=Texas A&M University Press |year=2003 |pages=18–19 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VtaZVBagK7sC |isbn=1-58544-200-3 |access-date=November 25, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160102052845/https://books.google.com/books?id=VtaZVBagK7sC |archive-date=January 2, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> These occurred in waterfront and river cities throughout the 19th century, as did [[cholera]] epidemics.

[[File:Beach hotel galveston.jpg|thumb|right|[[Beach Hotel (Galveston)|The Beach Hotel]] catered to vacationers until a fire in 1898.]]

The city's progress continued through the [[Reconstruction era]] with numerous "firsts": construction of the opera house (1870), and orphanage (1876), installation of telephone lines (1878) and electric lights (1883).<ref name="ISSTORM"/><ref name="Barrington, Carol; Kearney, Sydney 2006 241"/><ref>{{Cite web|title=History: Galveston's Colorful Past |work=Galveston Chamber of Commerce |access-date=October 3, 2009 |url=http://www.galvestonchamber.com/custom2.asp?pageid=198 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608021021/http://www.galvestonchamber.com/custom2.asp?pageid=198 |archive-date=June 8, 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The History of Galveston |work=Wyndham Hotels |access-date=October 3, 2009 |url=http://www.wyndham.com/hotels/GLSHG/historyofgalveston/main.wnt |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100428091700/http://www.wyndham.com/hotels/GLSHG/historyofgalveston/main.wnt |archive-date=April 28, 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Having attracted [[freedmen]] from rural areas, in 1870 the city had a black population that totaled 3,000,<ref>Hales (2003), ''Southern Family in White and Black'', p. 15</ref> made up mostly of former slaves but also by persons who were [[free people of color|free men of color]] and educated before the war. Blacks comprised nearly 25% of the city's population of 13,818 that year.<ref>US 1870 Census</ref>

During the post–Civil War period, leaders such as George T. Ruby and [[Norris Wright Cuney]], who headed the [[Texas Republican Party]] and promoted [[civil rights]] for [[freedmen]], helped to dramatically improve educational and employment opportunities for blacks in Galveston and in Texas.<ref>{{cite book|author1-link=Merline Pitre |author=Pitre, Merline |url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fcu20 |title=Cuney, Norris Wright |work=Handbook of Texas |publisher=Texas State Historical Association |access-date=October 15, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101221144035/http://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fcu20 |archive-date=December 21, 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Black Unionism in the Industrial South |author=Obadele-Starks, Ernest |publisher=Texas A&M University Press |year=2001 |pages=39–44 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4BvbD7rusAAC |isbn=0-89096-912-4 |access-date=October 17, 2020 |archive-date=April 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428070139/https://books.google.com/books?id=4BvbD7rusAAC |url-status=live}}</ref> Cuney established his own business of stevedores and a union of black dockworkers to break the white monopoly on dock jobs. Galveston was a cosmopolitan city and one of the more successful during Reconstruction; the [[Freedmen's Bureau]] was headquartered here. German families sheltered teachers from the North, and hundreds of freedmen were taught to read. Its business community promoted progress, and immigrants stayed after arriving at this port of entry.<ref>{{cite book|title=A Southern Family in White & Black: The Cuneys of Texas |author=Hales, Douglas |publisher=Texas A&M University Press |year=2003 |pages=15–16 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VtaZVBagK7sC |isbn=1-58544-200-3 |access-date=November 25, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160102052845/https://books.google.com/books?id=VtaZVBagK7sC |archive-date=January 2, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

By the end of the 19th century, the city of Galveston had a population of 37,000. Its position on the natural harbor of [[Galveston Bay]] along the Gulf of Mexico made it the center of trade in Texas. It was one of the nation's largest cotton ports, in competition with [[New Orleans]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Galveston Wharves |work=Handbook of Texas Online, Texas State Historical Association |author=Edward Coyle Sealy |access-date=September 13, 2009 |url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/etg01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101107163407/http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/etg01 |archive-date=November 7, 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Throughout the 19th century, the port city of Galveston grew rapidly and the Strand was considered the region's primary business center. For a time, the Strand was known as the "Wall Street of the [[American South|South]]".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.durangotexas.com/eyesontexas/TexasRegions/GulfCoast/galveston.htm |title=Gulf Coast Region: Galveston Texas |publisher=Eyes On Texas |access-date=September 25, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926171938/http://www.durangotexas.com/eyesontexas/TexasRegions/GulfCoast/galveston.htm |archive-date=September 26, 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In the late 1890s, the government constructed [[Fort Crockett]] defenses and coastal artillery batteries in Galveston and along the Bolivar Roads. In February 1897, the {{USS|Texas|1892|6}} (nicknamed Old Hoodoo), the first commissioned [[battleship]] of the United States Navy, visited Galveston. During the festivities, the ship's officers were presented with a $5,000 silver service, adorned with various Texas motifs, as a gift from the state's citizens.

===Hurricane of 1900 and recovery===
{{Further|1900 Galveston hurricane|Open Era of Galveston}}

On September 8, 1900, the island was struck by a devastating [[tropical cyclone|hurricane]].<ref name="HTOSTORM">{{Cite web|title=Galveston Hurricane of 1900 |work=Handbook of Texas Online, Texas State Historical Association |author=John Edward Weems |access-date=October 4, 2009 |url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/ydg02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101107164334/http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/ydg02 |archive-date=November 7, 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> This [[Galveston Hurricane of 1900|event]] holds the record as the United States' deadliest [[natural disaster]].<ref name="HTOSTORM"/><ref>{{Cite web|title=Nation's deadliest natural disaster |work=Editor & Publisher |author=Joe Strupp |date=September 4, 2000 |access-date=October 3, 2009 |url=http://www.allbusiness.com/services/business-services-miscellaneous-business/4729386-1.html}}{{Dead link|date=April 2012|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> The city was devastated, and an estimated 6,000 to 8,000 people on the island were killed.<ref name="HTOSTORM"/> Following the storm, a {{convert|10|mi|adj=on}} long, {{convert|17|foot|m}} high [[Galveston Seawall|seawall]] was built to protect the city from floods and hurricane storm surges. A team of engineers including [[Henry Martyn Robert]] ([[Robert's Rules of Order]]) designed the plan to raise much of the existing city to a sufficient elevation behind a seawall so that confidence in the city could be maintained. [[File:Sunset Route, Sea Wall, Galveston, Texas.jpg|thumb|right|Sunset Route, Seawall, Galveston, Texas (postcard, c. 1907)]]

The city developed the city commission form of [[Municipal government|city government]], known as the "[[City commission government|Galveston Plan]]", to help expedite recovery.<ref name="texashandbook">{{Cite web|url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/moc01 |work=Handbook of Texas Online |title=Commission Form of City Government |access-date=October 15, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101113011301/http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/moc01 |archive-date=November 13, 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Despite attempts to draw investment to the city after the hurricane, Galveston never returned to its levels of national importance or prosperity. Development was also hindered by the construction of the [[Houston Ship Channel]], which brought the [[Port of Houston]] into competition with the natural harbor of the [[Port of Galveston]] for sea traffic. Finally, the [[Galveston Seawall|Seawall]] itself created an insurmountable problem: passive erosion resulting in the gradual disappearance of the once-wide beach and the resort business with it. "Within twenty years, the city had lost one hundred yards of sand. People who once watched auto racing on a wide beach were left with a narrow strip of sand at low tide and a gloomy vista of waves on rocks when the tide was high."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/first/d/dean-tide.html |title=Against the Tide |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=June 19, 2020 |archive-date=June 20, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620021915/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/first/d/dean-tide.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

To further its recovery and rebuild its population, Galveston actively solicited [[Port of Galveston immigration|immigration]]. Through the efforts of [[Henry Cohen (rabbi)|Rabbi Henry Cohen]] and [[Congregation B'nai Israel (Galveston, Texas)|Congregation B'nai Israel]], Galveston became the focus of an immigration plan called the [[Galveston Movement]] that, between 1907 and 1914, diverted roughly 10,000 [[Eastern Europe]]an [[Jewish]] immigrants from the usual destinations of the crowded cities of the [[Northeastern United States]].<ref name="tshaonline.org">{{Cite web|title=Galveston Movement |work=Handbook of Texas Online, Texas State Historical Association |access-date=October 3, 2009 |url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/umg01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101107164324/http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/umg01 |archive-date=November 7, 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Additionally numerous other immigrant groups, including [[Greece|Greeks]], [[Italy|Italians]] and [[History of the Jews in Russia|Russian Jews]], came to the city during this period.<ref name="Hardwick, p. 13">Hardwick (2002), p. 13</ref> This immigration trend substantially altered the ethnic makeup of the island, as well as many other areas of Texas and the western U.S. Unfortunately, just as the island was starting to recover from the devastation caused by the first flood, a second one struck in August, 1915, thanks to a major hurricane that originated in the central Atlantic, tore through the Caribbean, and then left a long trail of destruction across the Gulf of Mexico before it dissipated in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, nearly three weeks later. While the newly constructed seawall spared the island the worst, over 400 Galvestonians died, and damages totaled $30 million USD, equivalent to $903 million in 2023. Thus, in less than a single generation Galveston went from being Texas' most populous (and most important) city to being a tragic footnote to a century of frontier violence, urban lawlessness and civic greed, throughout the state. 

Though the storms stalled economic development and the city of Houston developed as the region's principal metropolis, Galveston economic leaders recognized the need to diversify from the traditional port-related industries. In 1905 [[William Lewis Moody, Jr.]] and [[Isaac H. Kempner]], members of two of Galveston's leading families, founded the [[American National Insurance Company]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Galveston: A History of the Island |author=Gary Cartwright |publisher=TCU Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RFRu8kYThEcC&pg=PA196 |year=1998 |isbn=0-689-11991-7 |access-date=October 17, 2020 |archive-date=July 4, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140704190742/http://books.google.com/books?id=RFRu8kYThEcC&lpg=PA196 |url-status=live}}</ref> Two years later, Moody established the City National Bank, which would become the [[Moody National Bank]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Annual Financials report, 2004–2005 |work=The Moody Foundation |access-date=October 3, 2009 |url=http://www.moodyf.org/downloads/annual-financials-2004-5.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090529203656/http://www.moodyf.org/downloads/annual-financials-2004-5.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 29, 2009}}</ref><ref name="anico.com">{{Cite web|title=American National Announces Fourth Quarter 2007 Results |work=American National Insurance Company |access-date=October 3, 2009 |url=http://www.anico.com/Investor%20Relations/pdfs/ANICO4Q2007Earnings.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001040955/http://www.anico.com/Investor%20Relations/pdfs/ANICO4Q2007Earnings.pdf |archive-date=October 1, 2011}}</ref>

During the 1920s and 1930s, the city re-emerged as a major tourist destination.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Galveston Hotel – Hotel Galvez to Reopen October 15 |work=Bloomberg.com |access-date=September 26, 2009 |date=October 8, 2008 |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=conewsstory&refer=conews&tkr=WYN%3AUS&sid=aH1GgvGGU1vs |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025225909/http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=conewsstory&refer=conews&tkr=WYN:US&sid=aH1GgvGGU1vs |archive-date=October 25, 2012 |df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Preserve America Community: Galveston, Texas |access-date=September 26, 2009 |url=http://www.preserveamerica.gov/PAcommunity-GalvestonTX.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090624151247/http://www.preserveamerica.gov/PAcommunity-GalvestonTX.html |archive-date=June 24, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref> Under the influence of [[Sam Maceo]] and [[Rosario Maceo]], the city exploited the [[Prohibition in the United States|prohibition]] of liquor and gambling in clubs like the [[Balinese Room]], which offered entertainment to wealthy Houstonians and other out-of-towners. Combined with prostitution, which had existed in the city since well before the American Civil War,<ref>{{cite journal|last=Shelton|first=Robert S.|title=On Empire's Shore: Free and Unfree Workers in Galveston, Texas, 1840-1860|journal=[[Journal of Social History]]|date=2007|jstor=4491945|volume=40|number=3|pages=717–730|doi=10.1353/jsh.2007.0070 }}</ref> Galveston became known as the "sin city" of the Gulf.<ref name="hotgalv">{{Cite web|title=Galveston, TX |work=Handbook of Texas Online, Texas State Historical Association |author=David G. McComb |access-date=September 26, 2009 |url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hdg01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080302031036/http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/GG/hdg1.html |archive-date=March 2, 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Galvestonians accepted and supported the illegal activities, often referring to their island as the "[[Free State of Galveston]]".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Is Casino Gambling in the Cards for Galveston? |work=Houston Press |author=John Nova Lomax |date=March 3, 2009 |access-date=September 26, 2009 |url=http://www.houstonpress.com/2009-03-05/news/iis-casino-gambling-in-the-cards-for-galveston/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090513044236/http://www.houstonpress.com/2009-03-05/news/iis-casino-gambling-in-the-cards-for-galveston|archive-date=May 13, 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|title=The Press: Gambling in Texas |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=January 12, 1952 |access-date=September 26, 2009 |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,817727,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081222122644/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,817727,00.html |archive-date=December 22, 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The island had entered what would later become known as the "open era".<ref>{{Cite book|title=Energy Metropolis: An Environmental History of Houston and the Gulf Coast |author1=Melosi, Martin V. |author2=Pratt, Joseph A. |year=2007 |publisher=University of Pittsburgh Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KtpwM38sPj0C |isbn=978-0-8229-4335-8 |access-date=October 17, 2020 |archive-date=January 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200107133637/https://books.google.com/books?id=KtpwM38sPj0C |url-status=live}}</ref>

The 1930s and 1940s brought much change to the Island City. During [[World War II]], the Galveston Municipal Airport, predecessor to [[Scholes International Airport]], was re-designated a U.S. [[United States Army Air Corps|Army Air Corps]] base and named "Galveston Army Air Field". In January 1943, Galveston Army Air Field was officially activated with the [[46th Test Wing|46th Bombardment Group]] serving an [[anti-submarine]] role in the Gulf of Mexico. In 1942, William Lewis Moody, Jr., along with his wife Libbie Shearn Rice Moody, established the [[Moody Foundation]] to benefit "present and future generations of Texans". The foundation, one of the largest in the United States, would play a prominent role in Galveston during later decades, helping to fund numerous civic and health-oriented programs.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Moody Foundation |work=Handbook of Texas Online, Texas State Historical Association |author=Robert E. Baker |access-date=October 3, 2009 |url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/vrm06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110215050133/http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/vrm06 |archive-date=February 15, 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

===After World War II===
[[File:Texas - Galveston - NARA - 68149339 (page 1) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Damage after [[Hurricane Carla]], 1961]]
[[File:Lets Play Chess Strand Galveston.jpg|thumb|Playing chess on the Strand]]
The end of the war drastically reduced military investment in the island. Increasing enforcement of gambling laws and the growth of [[Las Vegas, Nevada]], as a competitive center of gambling and entertainment put pressure on the gaming industry on the island.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Lone Star Lawmen |author=Utley Robert Marshall |publisher=Oxford |year=2007 |page=218 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G4hjclRksjQC |isbn=978-0-19-515444-3 |access-date=October 17, 2020 |archive-date=May 3, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160503161913/https://books.google.com/books?id=G4hjclRksjQC |url-status=live}}</ref> Finally in 1957, [[Texas Attorney General]] [[Will Wilson (Texas politician)|Will Wilson]] and the [[Texas Ranger Division|Texas Rangers]] began a massive campaign of raids that disrupted gambling and prostitution in the city.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Attorney General |work=Handbook of Texas Online, Texas State Historical Association |author=James G. Dickson Jr. |access-date=September 26, 2009 |url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/mba03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610181134/http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/mba03 |archive-date=June 10, 2011 |url-status=dead}}<br />{{Cite web|title=The Daily News: Headlines |work=The Galveston County Daily News |access-date=September 26, 2009 |url=http://galvestondailynews.com/history.lasso?WCD=headlines.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100208223943/http://galvestondailynews.com/history.lasso?WCD=headlines.html |archive-date=February 8, 2010}}<br />{{Cite book|title=The Texas Sheriff: Lord of the County Line |author=Sitton, Thad |publisher=University of Oklahoma Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-8061-3471-0 |page=146}}<br />{{Cite journal |author1=Communications, Emmis |title=Grande Dame of the Gulf |journal=Texas Monthly |date=December 1983 |page=169 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LywEAAAAMBAJ |access-date=November 25, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527004843/https://books.google.com/books?id=LywEAAAAMBAJ |archive-date=May 27, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> As these vice industries crashed, so did tourism, taking the rest of the Galveston economy with it.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Energy Metropolis: An Environmental History of Houston and the Gulf Coast |author1=[[Martin V. Melosi|Melosi, Martin V.]] |author2=Pratt, Joseph A. |publisher=University of Pittsburgh Press |year=2007 |page=202 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vm1j3XiZiWMC |isbn=978-0-8229-4335-8}}</ref> Neither the economy nor the culture of the city was the same afterward.<ref name="TM: Grande Dame, 216">{{Cite web|title=Grande Dame of the Gulf |work=Texas Monthly |author=Paul Burka |date=December 1, 1983 |access-date=September 27, 2009 |url=http://www.texasmonthly.com/1983-12-01/feature5-3.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604051626/http://www.texasmonthly.com/1983-12-01/feature5-3.php |archive-date=June 4, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1947, buildings in the city were damaged when a ship carrying 2,200 tons of [[ammonium nitrate]] exploded at the nearby [[Port of Texas City]], in what became known as the [[Texas City disaster]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.texascity-library.org/page/history.1947.explosion1 |title=The First Explosion – 1947 Texas City Disaster |website=www.texascity-library.org |access-date=August 4, 2020 |archive-date=September 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918165102/http://www.texascity-library.org/page/history.1947.explosion1 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

The island's economy began a long stagnation. Many businesses relocated off the island during this period, but health care, insurance, and financial industries continue to be strong contributors to the economy. By 1959, the city of Houston had long outpaced Galveston in population and economic growth. Beginning in 1957, the [[Galveston Historical Foundation]] began its efforts to preserve historic buildings.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Energy metropolis: an environmental history of Houston and the Gulf Coast |author1=Melosi, Martin V. |author2=Pratt, Joseph A. |publisher=University of Pittsburgh Press |year=2007 |page=202 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KtpwM38sPj0C |isbn=978-0-8229-4335-8 |access-date=October 17, 2020 |archive-date=January 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200107133637/https://books.google.com/books?id=KtpwM38sPj0C |url-status=live}}</ref> The 1966 book ''The Galveston That Was'' helped encourage the preservation movement. Restoration efforts financed by motivated investors, notably Houston businessman [[George P. Mitchell]], gradually developed the [[Strand Historic District]] and reinvented other areas. A new, family-oriented tourism emerged in the city over many years.

In September 1961, [[Hurricane Carla]] struck the city, generating an F4 tornado that killed eight and injured 200.

With the 1960s came the expansion of higher education in Galveston. Already home to the University of Texas Medical Branch, the city got a boost in 1962 with the creation of the Texas Maritime Academy, predecessor of [[Texas A&M University at Galveston]]; and by 1967, a [[community college]], [[Galveston College]], had been established.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The History of Galveston College |work=Galveston College |access-date=October 4, 2009 |url=http://www.gc.edu/gc/GC_History.asp?SnID=1413310913 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090921222800/http://www.gc.edu/gc/GC_History.asp?SnID=1413310913 |archive-date=September 21, 2009}}<br>{{Cite web |title=Students brave the simulated seas |work=The Galveston County Daily News |author=Rhiannon Myers |date=November 14, 2007 |access-date=September 13, 2009 |url=http://galvestondailynews.com/story.lasso?ewcd=9751907adb742ca7 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928061037/http://galvestondailynews.com/story.lasso?ewcd=9751907adb742ca7 |archive-date=September 28, 2011}}</ref>

In the 2000s, property values rose after expensive projects were completed,<ref>Novak, Shonda [https://web.archive.org/web/20060813121057/http://www.statesman.com/business/content/business/stories/realestate/07/22coastal.html "Growth Wave Hits Galveston"]. ''[[Austin American-Statesman]]''. July 22, 2006.</ref> and demand for second homes by the wealthy increased. It has made it difficult for middle-class workers to find affordable housing on the island.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Workers in Galveston increasingly can't afford to live there |work=Houston Chronicle |author=Harvey Rice |date=February 22, 2007 |access-date=October 4, 2009 |url=http://www.chron.com/CDA/archives/archive.mpl?id=2007_4291019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111224152735/http://www.chron.com/CDA/archives/archive.mpl?id=2007_4291019 |archive-date=December 24, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Hurricane Ike]] made landfall on Galveston Island in the early morning of September 13, 2008, as a category-2 hurricane with winds of 110 miles per hour. Damage was extensive to buildings along the seawall.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ike Insured Damage Estimates Range from $6B to $18B |work=Texas / South Central News, Insurance Journal |date=September 15, 2008 |access-date=October 3, 2009 |url=http://www.insurancejournal.com/news/southcentral/2008/09/15/93698.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090316181528/http://www.insurancejournal.com/news/southcentral/2008/09/15/93698.htm |archive-date=March 16, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref>

After the storm, the island was rebuilt with investments in tourism and shipping, and continued emphasis on higher education and health care, notably the addition of the [[Galveston Island Historic Pleasure Pier]] and the replacement of the [[Bascule bridge|bascule]]-type [[Drawbridge (American English)|drawbridge]] on the railroad causeway with a [[Vertical-lift bridge|vertical-lift]]-type drawbridge to allow heavier freight.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.texastribune.org/2013/04/26/galveston-still-healing-5-years-after-hurricane-ik/ |title=Galveston Still Healing 5 Years After Hurricane Ike |work=The Texas Tribune |access-date=September 25, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926091222/http://www.texastribune.org/2013/04/26/galveston-still-healing-5-years-after-hurricane-ik/ |archive-date=September 26, 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Jervis |first=Rick |title=After rebuilding from Hurricane Ike, Galveston deals with oil spill |website=USA TODAY |date=March 25, 2014 |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/03/25/galveston-oil-spill-ike/6884693/ |access-date=September 25, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150914002356/http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/03/25/galveston-oil-spill-ike/6884693/ |archive-date=September 14, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Geography==
{{Further|Galveston Island |Galveston Bay}}
[[File:GalvestonTXFromTheISS.jpg|thumb|Galveston, from the [[International Space Station]] ]]
[[File:Salt Marsh Near Galveston.jpg|thumb|Salt marsh near Galveston]]
The city of Galveston is situated on Galveston Island, a [[barrier island]] off the [[Texas]] Gulf coast near the mainland coast. Made up of mostly sand-sized particles and smaller amounts of finer mud sediments and larger gravel-sized sediments, the island is unstable, affected by water and weather, and can shift its boundaries through erosion.

The city is about {{convert|45|mi}} southeast of downtown Houston.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rock Sediment and Soil Facts, Galveston Island |work=Geologic Wonders of Texas, University of Texas |access-date=October 3, 2009 |url=http://www.beg.utexas.edu/UTopia/coastal/coastal_rock.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100626105343/http://www.beg.utexas.edu/UTopia/coastal/coastal_rock.html |archive-date=June 26, 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The island is oriented generally northeast-southwest, with the Gulf of Mexico on the east and south, West Bay on the west, and [[Galveston Bay]] on the north. The island's main access point from the mainland is the [[Interstate 45|Interstate Highway 45]] causeway that crosses West Bay on the island's northeast side.

A deepwater channel connects Galveston's harbor with the Gulf and the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway. According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has an area of {{convert|211.31|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which {{convert|41.04|sqmi|sqkm|2}} are land and {{convert|170.27|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, or 80.31%, are water.<ref name="CenPopGazetteer2023"/> The island is {{convert|50|mi|km}} southeast of [[Houston]].<ref>Woodhams, Susie. [http://www.boston.com/travel/getaways/us/articles/2011/06/05/after_ike_a_deluge_of_reinvention/ "After Ike, a deluge of reinvention"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120710024301/http://www.boston.com/travel/getaways/us/articles/2011/06/05/after_ike_a_deluge_of_reinvention/ |date=July 10, 2012}} ''[[Boston Globe]]''. June 5, 2011. Retrieved on June 6, 2011.</ref>

The western portion of Galveston is referred to as the "West End", roughly corresponding to the area west of the western end of the seawall. Communities in eastern Galveston (the area east of the western end of the seawall) include Havre Lafitte, Offats Bayou, Central City, Fort Crockett, Bayou Shore, Lasker Park, Carver Park, Kempner Park, Old City/Central Business District, San Jacinto, East End, and Lindale.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Map 1. Galveston's Neighborhoods |author=D. Freeman |access-date=October 4, 2009 |url=http://www.co.galveston.tx.us/Community_Services/Report%20Card/Maps/sld001.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101206095330/http://www.co.galveston.tx.us/community_services/report%20card/Maps/sld001.htm |archive-date=December 6, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> As of 2009 many residents of the west end use [[golf carts]] as transportation to take them to and from residential houses, the Galveston Island Country Club, and stores. In 2009, Chief of Police Charles Wiley said he believed golf carts should be prohibited outside golf courses, and West End residents campaigned against any ban on their use.<ref>Jones, Leigh. [http://galvestondailynews.com/story.lasso?ewcd=231734ee39c715f6 "Council to consider golf cart committee"].{{dead link|date=July 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}} ''[[Galveston County Daily News]]''. November 9, 2009. Retrieved on June 11, 2012.</ref>

In 2011 [[Rice University]] released a study, "Atlas of Sustainable Strategies for Galveston Island", which argued the West End of Galveston was quickly eroding and the city should reduce construction and/or population in that area. It recommended against any rebuilding of the West End in the event of damage from another hurricane.<ref>Rice, Harvey. [http://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/article/Galveston-Island-gets-tough-advice-from-Rice-study-2238312.php "Galveston Island gets tough advice from Rice study"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120518221721/http://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/article/Galveston-Island-gets-tough-advice-from-Rice-study-2238312.php |date=May 18, 2012}}, ''[[Houston Chronicle]]'', October 26, 2011, Retrieved on October 24, 2012</ref>

{{wide image|Galveston East End Panoramic.jpg|1200px|The city of Galveston looking east toward the Gulf of Mexico. Downtown Galveston and the [[Strand Historic District]] are behind while East Beach and the [[University of Texas Medical Branch]] Children's Hospital and [[Shriners Hospitals for Children|Shriners Children's Burns Hospital]] are to straight ahead.}}

===Historic districts===
[[File:Ashton Villa - Galveston.jpg|thumb|Galveston has many restored Victorian homes, including [[Ashton Villa]]]]

Galveston is home to six historic districts with over 60 structures listed representing architectural significance in the National Register of Historic Places.<ref name="NATLREG">{{Cite web|title=Texas (TX), Galveston County |work=National Register of Historical Places |access-date=October 3, 2009 |url=http://www.nationalregisterofhistoricplaces.com/TX/Galveston/districts.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090822023108/http://www.nationalregisterofhistoricplaces.com/TX/Galveston/districts.html |archive-date=August 22, 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The Silk Stocking National Historic District, between Broadway and [[Seawall Boulevard]] and bounded by Ave. K, 23rd St., Ave. P, and 26th St., contains a collection of historic homes constructed from the Civil War through World War II.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Silk Stocking National Historic District |access-date=April 15, 2009 |url=http://silkstockinggalveston.org/aboutsshd.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101230140541/http://silkstockinggalveston.org/aboutsshd.html |archive-date=December 30, 2010}}</ref> The [[East End Historic District (Galveston, Texas)|East End Historic District]] on both sides of Broadway and Market Streets, contains 463 buildings. Other historic districts include Cedar Lawn, Denver Court and [[Fort Travis]].<ref name="NATLREG"/>

The [[Strand National Historic Landmark District]] is a [[National Historic Landmark|National Historic Landmark District]] of mainly [[Victorian era]] buildings that have been adapted for use as restaurants, antique stores, historical exhibits, museums and art galleries. The area is a major [[tourist attraction]] for the island city. It is the center for two very popular seasonal [[festival]]s. It is widely considered the island's shopping and entertainment center. Today, "the Strand" is generally used to refer to the five-block business district between 20th and 25th streets in downtown Galveston, near the city's wharf.

===Architecture===
{{multiple image
 |align = right
 |direction = vertical
 |image1= GalvezHotelGalveston.jpg
 |caption1 = [[Galvez Hotel]]
 |image2 = St. Mary's Cathedral Basilica - Galveston 01.jpg
 |caption2 = [[St. Mary Cathedral Basilica (Galveston, Texas)|St. Mary Cathedral Basilica]]
}}

Galveston contains a large and historically significant collection of 19th-century buildings in the United States. Galveston's architectural preservation and revitalization efforts over several decades have earned national recognition.<ref>{{Cite news|title=National Trust for Historic Preservation Announces 2009 List of America's 11 Most Dangered Historic Places |work=Reuters |access-date=October 1, 2009 |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS75679+28-Apr-2009+PRN20090428 |date=April 28, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100122104725/https://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS75679%2B28-Apr-2009%2BPRN20090428 |archive-date=January 22, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Texas (TX), Galveston County |work=National Register of Historical Places |access-date=October 1, 2009 |url=http://www.nationalregisterofhistoricplaces.com/tx/Galveston/state.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091201163726/http://www.nationalregisterofhistoricplaces.com/TX/Galveston/state.html |archive-date=December 1, 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Located in the Strand District, the [[Grand 1894 Opera House]] is a restored historic [[Romanesque Revival architecture|Romanesque Revival]] style Opera House that is currently operated as a not-for-profit [[performing arts]] theater.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Galveston Grand 1894 Opera House |work=City of Houston eGovernment Center |access-date=October 3, 2009 |url=http://www.houstontx.gov/events/grandoperahouse.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090423012708/http://www.houstontx.gov/events/grandoperahouse.html |archive-date=April 23, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Bishop's Palace, Galveston|Bishop's Palace]], also known as Gresham's Castle, is an ornate Victorian house located on Broadway and 14th Street in the East End Historic District of Galveston, Texas. The [[American Institute of Architects]] listed Bishop's Palace as one of the 100 most significant buildings in the United States, and the [[Library of Congress]] has classified it as one of the fourteen most representative Victorian structures in the nation.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bishop's Palace – South and West Texas |work=A National Register of Historic Places Travel Itinerary, US National Park Service |access-date=October 3, 2009 |url=http://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/tx/tx48.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120906003639/http://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/tx/tx48.htm |archive-date=September 6, 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

The [[Galvez Hotel]] is a historic hotel that opened in 1911.<ref name="carmack">Carmack, Liz. [http://www.historictexashotels.com/ ''Historic Hotels of Texas''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090310124150/http://historictexashotels.com/ |date=March 10, 2009}}, Texas A&M University Press: College Station, Texas, 2007. pp. 47–49.</ref> The building was named the Galvez, honoring [[Bernardo de Gálvez y Madrid, Count of Gálvez]], for whom the city was named. The hotel was added to the [[National Register of Historic Places]] on April 4, 1979. The [[Michel B. Menard House]], built in 1838 and the oldest surviving structure in Galveston, is designed in the [[Greek revival]] style. In 1880, the house was bought by Edwin N. Ketchum who was police chief of the city during the 1900 Storm. The Ketchum family owned the home until the 1970s. [[Ashton Villa]], a red-brick [[Victorian architecture|Victorian]] [[Italianate architecture|Italianate]] home, was constructed in 1859 by James Moreau Brown. One of the first brick structures in Texas, it is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is a recorded Texas Historic Landmark. The structure is also the site of what was to become the holiday known as [[Juneteenth]], where on June 19, 1865, [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]] General Gordon Granger, standing on its balcony, read the contents of "General Order No. 3", thereby emancipating all slaves in the state of [[Texas]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ashton Villa – South and West Texas |work=A National Register of Historic Places Travel Itinerary, US National Park Service |access-date=October 3, 2009 |url=http://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/tx/tx49.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120907003120/http://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/tx/tx49.htm |archive-date=September 7, 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="handbook">{{Cite web|url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/gga04 |work=Texas State Historical Society: Handbook of Texas |author=Judy D. Schiebel |title=ASHTON VILLA |access-date=May 15, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710014707/http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/gga04 |archive-date=July 10, 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="NPS">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/tx/tx49.htm|title=Ashton Villa |work=National Park Service |access-date=May 15, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120907003120/http://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/tx/tx49.htm |archive-date=September 7, 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

St. Joseph's Church was built by German immigrants in 1859–1860 and is the oldest wooden church building in Galveston and the oldest [[German Catholics|German Catholic]] Church in Texas.<ref>{{Cite web|title=1859 St. Joseph's Church |work=Galveston Historical Foundation |access-date=October 3, 2009 |url=http://www.galvestonhistory.com/1859_St_Josephs_Church1.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711070613/http://www.galvestonhistory.com/1859_St_Josephs_Church1.asp |archive-date=July 11, 2011}}</ref> The church was dedicated in April 1860, to St. Joseph, the patron saint of laborers. The building is a wooden [[gothic revival]] structure, rectangular with a square bell tower with [[trefoil]] window. The U.S. Custom House began construction in 1860 and was completed in 1861. The [[Confederate Army]] occupied the building during the [[American Civil War]], In 1865, the Custom House was the site of the ceremony officially ending the Civil War.<ref>{{Cite web|title=More About the 1861 Custom House |work=Galveston Historical Foundation |access-date=October 3, 2009 |url=http://www.galvestonhistory.org/1861_US_Custom_House1.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090220011343/http://galvestonhistory.org/1861_US_Custom_House1.asp |archive-date=February 20, 2009 |df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Galveston During the Civil War |work=Institute of Nautical Archaeology at Texas A&M University |access-date=October 3, 2009 |url=http://nautarch.tamu.edu/projects/denbigh/galv01.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090912055914/http://nautarch.tamu.edu/projects/denbigh/galv01.htm |archive-date=September 12, 2009}}</ref>

Galveston's modern architecture include the [[American National Insurance Company]] Tower ([[One Moody Plaza]]), San Luis Resort South and North Towers, The Breakers Condominiums, The Galvestonian Resort and Condos, One Shearn Moody Plaza, US National Bank Building, the Rainforest Pyramid at Moody Gardens, [[John Sealy Hospital]] Towers at UTMB and Medical Arts Building (also known as Two Moody Plaza).

===Oleander shrubs===
[[File:Original Oleander Planting in Galveston.jpg|thumb|upright|The first Oleander in Galveston, planted in 1841]]

Since the early 20th century, Galveston has been popularly known as the "Oleander City"<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guidrynews.com/story.aspx?id=1000034503 |title=Oleanders...<!-- ellipsis in the original -->a must in Brenda's Garden! |publisher=guidrynews.com |date=May 1, 2011 |access-date=July 31, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801182850/http://www.guidrynews.com/story.aspx?id=1000034503 |archive-date=August 1, 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> because of a long history of cultivating ''[[Nerium oleander]]'', a [[subtropical]] evergreen shrub which thrives on the island.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wintertexansonline.com/galveston_s_oleander_festival.htm |title=Galveston's Oleander Festival |publisher=WinterTexans Online |access-date=July 20, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100817082340/http://www.wintertexansonline.com/galveston_s_oleander_festival.htm |archive-date=August 17, 2010|url-status=usurped}}</ref> Oleanders are a defining feature of the city; when flowering (between April and October) they add masses of color to local gardens, parks, and streets. Thousands were planted in the recovery following the Hurricane of 1900 and Galvestonians continue to treasure the plant for its low water needs, tolerance of heat, salt spray and sandy soils.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://oleander.org/oleander-history/ |title=Handbook on Oleanders |author=Richard & Mary Ellen Eggenberger |year=1996 |access-date=July 20, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708072642/http://oleander.org/oleander-history/ |archive-date=July 8, 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> This makes them especially resistant to the after-effects of hurricanes and tropical storms. Galveston is reputed to have the most diverse range of Oleander cultivars in the world, numbering over 100, with many varieties developed in the city and named after prominent Galvestonians.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://theislandermagazine.com/?p=2611 |title=International Oleander Society |author=Shannon Rowan |work=The Islander Magazine |access-date=July 25, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730094348/http://theislandermagazine.com/?p=2611 |archive-date=July 30, 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2005 the month of May was declared "Oleander Month" by the City of Galveston<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.texashighways.com/the-magazine/item/1614-oleander-festival |title=Oleander Festival |work=Texas Highways |date=July 13, 2012 |access-date=July 20, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728090017/http://www.texashighways.com/the-magazine/item/1614-oleander-festival |archive-date=July 28, 2017 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all}}</ref> and there are also Oleander-themed tours of the city exploring the history of the plant on the island. Since 1967 the International Oleander Society has operated in Galveston, which promotes the cultivation of the plant, organizes an Oleander festival every spring and maintains a commemorative Oleander garden in the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://oleander.org/ |title=International Oleander Society |publisher=International Oleander Society |access-date=July 20, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705170538/http://oleander.org/ |archive-date=July 5, 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atlasobscura.com/places/oleander-garden-park |title=Oleander Garden Park |publisher=Atlasobscura.com |access-date=July 25, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728114454/http://www.atlasobscura.com/places/oleander-garden-park |archive-date=July 28, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Climate===
Galveston's climate is classified as [[humid subtropical climate|humid subtropical]] (''Cfa'' in [[Köppen climate classification#Group C: Temperate/mesothermal climates|Köppen climate classification system]]),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Weather Stats |work=Greater Houston Convention and Visitors Bureau |access-date=October 11, 2008 |url=http://www.visithoustontexas.com/media/statistics/Houston_Stats_Weather |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081230150744/http://www.visithoustontexas.com/media/statistics/Houston_Stats_Weather |archive-date=December 30, 2008}}</ref> and is part of USDA Plant [[hardiness zone]] 10a.<ref>{{cite web|title=USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map |url=https://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/ |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |access-date=December 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227032333/http://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/PHZMWeb/ |archive-date=February 27, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> Prevailing winds from the south and southeast bring moisture from the [[Gulf of Mexico]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Weather Stats |work=Greater Houston Convention and Visitors Bureau |access-date=October 11, 2008 |url=http://www.visithoustontexas.com/media/statistics/Houston_Stats_Weather |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081230150744/http://www.visithoustontexas.com/media/statistics/Houston_Stats_Weather |archive-date=December 30, 2008}}<br /> Melosi (2007), p. 13</ref> Summer temperatures regularly exceed {{convert|90|°F}} and the area's humidity drives the [[heat index]] even higher, while nighttime lows average around {{convert|80|°F}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.weather.com/outlook/recreation/golf/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/77573?from=tenDay_bottomnav_undeclared |publisher=The Weather Channel |title=Monthly Averages for League City, TX (77573) |access-date=October 4, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019173244/http://www.weather.com/outlook/recreation/golf/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/77573?from=tenDay_bottomnav_undeclared |archive-date=October 19, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://lwf.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/online/ccd/max90temp.html |title=National Climatic Data Center |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]], [[United States Department of Commerce]] |date=June 23, 2004 |access-date=December 14, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061210082240/http://lwf.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/online/ccd/max90temp.html |archive-date=December 10, 2006}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.met.utah.edu/jhorel/html/wx/climate/rh.html |title=Average Relative Humidity |publisher=Department of Meteorology at the [[University of Utah]] |access-date=December 14, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061209105754/http://www.met.utah.edu/jhorel/html/wx/climate/rh.html <!--Added by H3llBot-->|archive-date=December 9, 2006}}</ref> Winters in the area are temperate with typical January highs above {{convert|60|°F}} and lows near {{convert|50|°F}}. Snowfall is generally rare; however, {{convert|15.4|in|cm|1|abbr=on}} of snow fell in February 1895, making the 1894–95 winter the snowiest on record. Annual rainfall averages well over {{convert|40|in|mm}} a year with some areas typically receiving over {{convert|50|in|mm}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/77573 |title=Monthly Averages for League City, TX (77573) |publisher=The Weather Channel web site |access-date=October 4, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081206060719/http://www.weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/77573 |archive-date=December 6, 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/77506 |title=Monthly Averages for Pasadena, TX (77573) |publisher=The Weather Channel web site |access-date=October 4, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019172821/http://www.weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/77506 |archive-date=October 19, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> Temperatures reaching {{convert|20|°F|0}} or {{convert|100|°F|0}} are quite rare, having last occurred on December 23, 1989, and [[Summer 2012 North American heat wave|June 25, 2012]], respectively.<ref name= "NOWData NWS Houston-Galveston TX (HGX)"/> Record temperatures range from {{convert|8|°F|0}} on [[Great Blizzard of 1899#Arctic cold|February 12, 1899]], up to {{convert|104|°F|0}} on September 5, 2000; the record cold maximum is {{convert|25|°F|0}} on February 7, 1895, and again on the date of the all-time low, while, conversely, the record warm minimum is {{convert|87|°F|0}} set on August 31{{spaced ndash}}September 3, 2020.<ref name= "NOWData NWS Houston-Galveston TX (HGX)"/> On average, the warmest night is at {{convert|84|F|C}}, seldom straying far from averages.<ref name= "NOWData NWS Houston-Galveston TX (HGX)"/>

[[Hurricane]]s are an ever-present threat during the summer and fall season, which puts Galveston in Coastal Windstorm Area. [[Galveston Island]] and the [[Bolivar Peninsula]] are generally at the greatest risk among the communities near the Galveston Bay. However, though the island and peninsula provide some shielding, the bay shoreline still faces significant danger from storm surge.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Berger, Eric |url=http://blogs.chron.com/sciguy/archives/2008/09/post_39.html |title=Would a category 3 hurricane surge flood your home? |work=Houston Chronicle |date=September 9, 2008 |access-date=October 15, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090120033052/http://blogs.chron.com/sciguy/archives/2008/09/post_39.html |archive-date=January 20, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna26676728 |title=Wide Ike and shallow coast mean strong surge |publisher=NBC News |date=September 12, 2008 |access-date=October 15, 2009 |quote=Houston is buffered by Galveston Island—which sits in the way of the surge—and the bay system |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715020425/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/26676728/ |archive-date=July 15, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Spinner, Kate |url=http://www.heraldtribune.com/article/20090531/article/905311057?Title=Hurricane-forecasters-zero-in-on-threat-of-surge |access-date=October 15, 2009 |title=Hurricane forecasters zero in on threat of surge |work=Sarasota Herald Tribune |date=May 31, 2009 |quote=Just north of Galveston Island, the Bolivar Peninsula shields Galveston Bay much like Lido Key and Longboat Key shield Sarasota Bay. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605103443/http://www.heraldtribune.com/article/20090531/article/905311057?Title=Hurricane-forecasters-zero-in-on-threat-of-surge |archive-date=June 5, 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Talks of building a coastal storm barrier with a mix of federal and state funding to protect Galveston and Houston have been ongoing for years.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Irvine |first=Bethany |date=January 21, 2022 |title=Texas may get a coastal storm barrier, but will it be too late? |url=https://www.texastribune.org/2022/01/21/texas-coastal-spine-storm-surge-houston-galveston/ |access-date=January 21, 2022 |website=The Texas Tribune |language=en}}</ref>

{{Weather box
|location = Galveston, Texas ([[Scholes International Airport at Galveston|Scholes Int'l]]), 1991−2020 normals,{{efn|Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the highest and lowest temperature readings during an entire month or year) calculated based on data at said thread from 1991 to 2020, i.e. the COOP station from January 1981 to December 1996, and Scholes Int'l from January 1997 to December 2010.}} extremes 1871−present{{efn|Official records for Galveston were kept at an unknown location from April 1871 to August 1946, at the COOP station from September 1946 to December 1996, and at Scholes Int'l since January 1997. The temperature record dates back to June 1874. Therefore, precipitation day normals are not currently available at Scholes Int'l. For more information, see [http://threadex.rcc-acis.org/ ThreadEx] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060519074347/http://threadex.rcc-acis.org/ |date=May 19, 2006 }}.}}
|collapsed = Y
|single line = Y

|Jan record high F = 81
|Feb record high F = 83
|Mar record high F = 89
|Apr record high F = 95
|May record high F = 94
|Jun record high F = 100
|Jul record high F = 101
|Aug record high F = 100
|Sep record high F = 104
|Oct record high F = 94
|Nov record high F = 86
|Dec record high F = 82

|Jan avg record high F = 74.1
|Feb avg record high F = 75.8
|Mar avg record high F = 79.2
|Apr avg record high F = 83.9
|May avg record high F = 88.2
|Jun avg record high F = 92.5
|Jul avg record high F = 93.5
|Aug avg record high F = 95.6
|Sep avg record high F = 93.6
|Oct avg record high F = 88.1
|Nov avg record high F = 81.4
|Dec avg record high F = 76.5
|year avg record high F = 96.4

|Jan high F = 63.2
|Feb high F = 66.4
|Mar high F = 72.0
|Apr high F = 78.0
|May high F = 84.0
|Jun high F = 89.5
|Jul high F = 91.3
|Aug high F = 92.0
|Sep high F = 88.7
|Oct high F = 82.1
|Nov high F = 72.4
|Dec high F = 65.5
|year high F =

|Jan mean F = 56.0
|Feb mean F = 59.3
|Mar mean F = 65.2
|Apr mean F = 71.5
|May mean F = 78.2
|Jun mean F = 82.8
|Jul mean F = 85.5
|Aug mean F = 85.9
|Sep mean F = 82.4
|Oct mean F = 75.3
|Nov mean F = 65.5
|Dec mean F = 58.5
|year mean F =

|Jan low F = 48.9
|Feb low F = 52.3
|Mar low F = 58.4
|Apr low F = 65.0
|May low F = 72.4
|Jun low F = 78.1
|Jul low F = 79.7
|Aug low F = 79.8
|Sep low F = 76.1
|Oct low F = 68.6
|Nov low F = 58.7
|Dec low F = 51.6
|year low F =

|Jan avg record low F = 34.5
|Feb avg record low F = 39.0
|Mar avg record low F = 43.6
|Apr avg record low F = 51.6
|May avg record low F = 62.5
|Jun avg record low F = 71.1
|Jul avg record low F = 74.1
|Aug avg record low F = 74.1
|Sep avg record low F = 67.1
|Oct avg record low F = 53.7
|Nov avg record low F = 42.3
|Dec avg record low F = 37.1
|year avg record low F = 32.3

|Jan record low F = 11
|Feb record low F = 8
|Mar record low F = 26
|Apr record low F = 38
|May record low F = 50
|Jun record low F = 57
|Jul record low F = 66
|Aug record low F = 67
|Sep record low F = 52
|Oct record low F = 39
|Nov record low F = 26
|Dec record low F = 14

|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 4.30
|Feb precipitation inch = 2.14
|Mar precipitation inch = 3.02
|Apr precipitation inch = 2.06
|May precipitation inch = 3.04
|Jun precipitation inch = 4.23
|Jul precipitation inch = 3.41
|Aug precipitation inch = 4.71
|Sep precipitation inch = 6.65
|Oct precipitation inch = 5.15
|Nov precipitation inch = 4.28
|Dec precipitation inch = 4.23
|year precipitation inch =

|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
|Jan precipitation days = 9.4
|Feb precipitation days = 7.7
|Mar precipitation days = 7.1
|Apr precipitation days = 5.8
|May precipitation days = 5.2
|Jun precipitation days = 8.5
|Jul precipitation days = 8.7
|Aug precipitation days = 8.3
|Sep precipitation days = 9.6
|Oct precipitation days = 7.4
|Nov precipitation days = 7.7
|Dec precipitation days = 9.7

|Jan snow inch = 0.0
|Feb snow inch = 0.0
|Mar snow inch = 0.0
|Apr snow inch = 0.0
|May snow inch = 0.0
|Jun snow inch = 0.0
|Jul snow inch = 0.0
|Aug snow inch = 0.0
|Sep snow inch = 0.0
|Oct snow inch = 0.0
|Nov snow inch = 0.0
|Dec snow inch = 0.1
|year snow inch =

|unit snow days = 0.1 in
|Jan snow days = 0.0
|Feb snow days = 0.0
|Mar snow days = 0.0
|Apr snow days = 0.0
|May snow days = 0.0
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.0
|Nov snow days = 0.0
|Dec snow days = 0.1

|Jan sun = 145.0
|Feb sun = 163.4
|Mar sun = 209.0
|Apr sun = 225.5
|May sun = 265.7
|Jun sun = 298.5
|Jul sun = 309.0
|Aug sun = 280.4
|Sep sun = 237.9
|Oct sun = 237.2
|Nov sun = 176.9
|Dec sun = 150.5
|year sun=2699.0
|Jan percentsun = 44
|Feb percentsun = 52
|Mar percentsun = 56
|Apr percentsun = 58
|May percentsun = 63
|Jun percentsun = 71
|Jul percentsun = 72
|Aug percentsun = 69
|Sep percentsun = 64
|Oct percentsun = 67
|Nov percentsun = 55
|Dec percentsun = 47
|year percentsun= 61
|source 1 = NOAA (sun 1961–1990)<ref name="NOWData NWS Houston-Galveston TX (HGX)">{{cite web|url=https://www.weather.gov/wrh/climate?wfo=hgx |title=NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |access-date=September 4, 2020 |archive-date=May 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517041549/https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=hgx |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=NOAAsun>{{cite web|url=ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_IV/US/GROUP3/72242.TXT |title=WMO Climate Normals for Galveston, TX 1961–1990 |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200713060134/ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_IV/US/GROUP3/72242.TXT |archive-date=2020-07-13 |url-status=dead |access-date=September 9, 2015}}</ref><ref>
{{cite web|url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USW00012923&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |title=U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Galveston Scholes FLD, TX |access-date=February 7, 2023}}</ref>
}}

Notes: {{notelist}}

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
| 1850 = 4177
| 1860 = 7307
| 1870 = 13818
| 1880 = 22248
| 1890 = 29084
| 1900 = 37789
| 1910 = 36981
| 1920 = 44255
| 1930 = 52938
| 1940 = 60862
| 1950 = 66568
| 1960 = 67175
| 1970 = 61809
| 1980 = 61902
| 1990 = 59070
| 2000 = 57247
| 2010 = 47743
| 2020 = 53695
| estyear = 2024
| estimate = 53538
| estref = <ref name="q682">{{cite web | title=U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Galveston city, Texas | website=Census Bureau QuickFacts | date=2024-07-01 | url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/galvestoncitytexas/PST045224 | access-date=2025-07-15}}</ref>
| align-fn = center
| footnote = U.S. Decennial Census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=June 4, 2015}}</ref><br>2020 Census<ref name="2020 Census (City)"/>
}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+'''Galveston city, Texas – Racial and ethnic composition'''<br><small>{{nobold|''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.''}}</small>
!Race / Ethnicity <small>(''NH = Non-Hispanic'')</small>
!Pop 2010<ref name=2010CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Galveston city, Texas|url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US4828068&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
!Pop 2020<ref name=2020CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race - 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Galveston city, Texas|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US4828068&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
!% 2010
!% 2020
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] alone (NH)
|21,500
|25,386
|45.03%
|47.28%
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] alone (NH)
|8,895
|8,785
|18.63%
|16.36%
|-
|[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] alone (NH)
|205
|187
|0.43%
|0.35%
|-
|[[Asian Americans|Asian]] alone (NH)
|1,479
|1,669
|3.10%
|3.11%
|-
|[[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] alone (NH)
|23
|39
|0.05%
|0.07%
|-
|[[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|Some Other Race]] alone (NH)
|44
|199
|0.09%
|0.37%
|-
|[[Multiracial Americans|Mixed Race or Multi-Racial]] (NH)
|672
|1,651
|1.41%
|3.07%
|-
|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (any race)
|14,925
|15,779
|31.26%
|29.39%
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''47,743'''
|'''53,695'''
|'''100.00%'''
|'''100.00%'''
|}

As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], there were 53,695 people, 23,375 households, and 12,505 families residing in the city.<ref>{{Cite web|title=US Census Bureau, Table P16: Household Type |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=Galveston%20city,%20Texas%20p16&y=2020 |access-date=February 24, 2024 |publisher=United States Census Bureau}}</ref> There were 34,259 housing units.

==Economy==

===Port of Galveston===
[[File:Cruising Carnival 1.jpg|thumb|''[[Carnival Dream]]'' docked at the Port of Galveston]]

The [[Port of Galveston]], also called Galveston Wharves, began as a trading post in 1825.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of The Port of Galveston, Texas |work=The Post of Galveston |access-date=September 27, 2009 |url=http://www.portofgalveston.com/about/history.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091021084016/http://www.portofgalveston.com/about/history.shtml <!--Added by H3llBot-->|archive-date=October 21, 2009}}</ref> Today, the port has grown to {{convert|850|acre|km2|1}} of port facilities. The port is located on the Gulf [[Intracoastal Waterway]], on the north side of Galveston Island, with some facilities on [[Pelican Island (Texas)|Pelican Island]]. The port has facilities to handle all types of cargo including [[containerization|containers]], dry and liquid bulk, [[Break bulk cargo|breakbulk]], [[Roll-on/roll-off]], refrigerated cargo and project cargoes.

The port also serves as a passenger cruise ship terminal for cruise ships operating in the Caribbean. The terminal was [[home port]] to two [[Carnival Cruise Lines]] vessels, the ''[[Carnival Conquest]]'' and the ''[[Carnival Ecstasy]]''. In November 2011 the company made Galveston [[home port]] to its 3,960-passenger mega-ships ''[[Carnival Magic]]'' and ''[[Carnival Triumph]]'' as well. In 2015, ''[[Carnival Freedom]]'' relocated to Galveston, sailing seven-day cruises. Carnival replaced ''Carnival Magic'' and ''Carnival Triumph'' in the first half of 2016 with ''[[Carnival Breeze]]'' and ''[[Carnival Liberty]]'', respectively, but replaced ''Liberty'' with ''[[Carnival Valor]]'' later in the year due to mechanical issues.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/cruiselog/2015/02/16/carnival-cruise-texas-breeze/23488831/ |title=Carnival's newest ship to be based in Texas |work=USA TODAY |access-date=November 25, 2017 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201215814/https://www.usatoday.com/story/cruiselog/2015/02/16/carnival-cruise-texas-breeze/23488831/ |archive-date=December 1, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.orlandosentinel.com/travel/florida-cruise-guide/os-carnival-magic-port-canaveral-april-2016-20150616-story.html |title=Carnival Magic coming to Port Canaveral sooner than expected |last=Tribou |first=Richard |work=OrlandoSentinel.com |access-date=November 25, 2017 |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201031937/http://www.orlandosentinel.com/travel/florida-cruise-guide/os-carnival-magic-port-canaveral-april-2016-20150616-story.html |archive-date=December 1, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.galvnews.com/news/free/article_bcb61fba-8168-5044-9330-44e0a4a6099c.html |title=Carnival to shorten Liberty cruises, replace ship with Valor |last=Elder |first=Laura |work=The Daily News |access-date=November 25, 2017 |language=en| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201043110/http://www.galvnews.com/news/free/article_bcb61fba-8168-5044-9330-44e0a4a6099c.html |archive-date=December 1, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> ''Carnival Breeze'' and ''Carnival Freedom'' sail seven-day Caribbean cruises, and ''Carnival Valor'' sails four- and five-day Caribbean cruises from Galveston. Carnival planned on replacing ''Breeze'' with ''[[Carnival Vista]]'' in 2018, and ''Valor'' with ''[[Carnival Dream]]'' in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.travelagentcentral.com/cruises/carnival-vista-heads-to-galveston-carnival-breeze-to-port-canaveral |title=Carnival Vista Heads to Galveston, Carnival Breeze to Port Canaveral {{!}} Travel Agent Central |website=www.travelagentcentral.com |language=en |access-date=November 25, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201034544/https://www.travelagentcentral.com/cruises/carnival-vista-heads-to-galveston-carnival-breeze-to-port-canaveral |archive-date=December 1, 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nola.com/business/index.ssf/2017/11/carnival_new_orleans_all_year.html |title=Carnival bringing new cruise ships to New Orleans in 2019 |work=NOLA.com |access-date=November 25, 2017 |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171119055834/http://www.nola.com/business/index.ssf/2017/11/carnival_new_orleans_all_year.html |archive-date=November 19, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Galveston is the home port to [[Royal Caribbean International]]'s, [[MS Liberty of the Seas|MS ''Liberty of the Seas'']], which is the largest cruise ship ever based here and one of the largest ships in the world. In September 2012 [[Disney Cruise Line]]'s ''[[Disney Magic]]'' also became based in Galveston, offering four-, six-, seven-, and eight-day cruises to the Caribbean and the Bahamas.

===Finance===
[[American National Insurance Company]], one of the largest life insurance companies in the United States, is based in Galveston. The company and its subsidiaries operate in all 50 U.S. states, the [[Washington, D.C.|District of Columbia]], [[Puerto Rico]], and [[American Samoa]]. Through its subsidiary, American National de México, Compañía de Seguros de Vida, it provides products and services in [[Mexico]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=American National Insurance Company |work=Hoover's |author=Nell Newton |access-date=October 4, 2009 |url=http://www.hoovers.com/global/cobrands/nasdaq/factsheet.xhtml?ID=12603 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814210527/http://www.hoovers.com/global/cobrands/nasdaq/factsheet.xhtml?ID=12603 |archive-date=August 14, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[http://www.anico.com/Investor%20Relations/pdfs/2008AnnualReport.pdf "2008 Annual Report"]. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100806120355/http://www.anico.com/Investor%20Relations/pdfs/2008AnnualReport.pdf |date=August 6, 2010}} ''[[American National Insurance Company]]''. Retrieved October 4, 2009.</ref> [[Moody National Bank]], with headquarters in downtown Galveston, is one of the largest privately owned Texas-based banks. Its trust department, established in 1927, administers over 12 billion dollars in assets, one of the largest in the state.<ref>[https://www.moodybank.com/about-us "About Moody National Bank"]. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090420140254/http://www.moodybank.com/About_MNB/about_mnb.aspx |date=April 20, 2009}} ''[[Moody National Bank]]''. Retrieved October 4, 2009.</ref> In addition, the regional headquarters of Iowa-based United Fire & Casualty Company are located in the city.<ref>{{Cite web|title=After year in Webster, United Fire returns to isle |work=The Galveston County Daily News |author=Laura Elder |date=September 22, 2009 |access-date=October 4, 2009 |url=http://galvestondailynews.com/story.lasso?ewcd=b29af327396b0e96 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224040935/http://galvestondailynews.com/story.lasso?ewcd=b29af327396b0e96 |archive-date=February 24, 2012 |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

===Tourism===
[[File:Pleasure Pier entrance in Galveston, Texas.jpg|thumb|Pleasure Pier entrance]]

In the late 1800s Galveston was known as the "Playground of the South".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.meetingsfocus.com/Magazines/ArticleDetails/tabid/136/RegionID/247/ArticleID/17847/Default.aspx|title=A Gulf Coast gem is becoming a 'Playground of the South' all|publisher=Meetings Focus |access-date=September 25, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926154240/http://www.meetingsfocus.com/Magazines/ArticleDetails/tabid/136/RegionID/247/ArticleID/17847/Default.aspx|archive-date=September 26, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tourtexas.com/content.cfm?id=36 |title=Galveston Island – Tour Texas |work=tourtexas.com |access-date=September 25, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927093840/http://www.tourtexas.com/content.cfm?id=36 |archive-date=September 27, 2015}}</ref> Today, it still retains a shared claim to the title among major cities along the [[Gulf Coast of the United States|Gulf Coast states]]. Galveston is a popular tourist destination which in 2007 brought $808 million to the local economy and attracted 5.4 million visitors. The city features an array of lodging options, including hotels such as the historic [[Hotel Galvez]] and Tremont House, vintage bed and breakfast inns, and beachfront condominiums.

The city's tourist attractions include the [[Galveston Island Historic Pleasure Pier]], Galveston [[Schlitterbahn]] waterpark, [[Moody Gardens]] botanical park, the [[Ocean Star Offshore Drilling Rig & Museum]], [[Galveston Railroad Museum]], a downtown neighborhood of historic buildings known as [[Strand National Historic Landmark District|The Strand]], many historical museums and mansions, and miles of beach front from the East End's Porretto Beach, Stewart Beach to the West End pocket parks. Previously Galveston had a {{convert|40|acre|ha|adj=on}} aquarium theme park called [[Sea-Arama Marineworld]], which opened in 1965, closed in January 1990, and was demolished in 2006.<ref>{{cite news|author=Hlavaty, Craig |url=https://www.chron.com/neighborhood/galveston/article/Sea-Arama-in-Galveston-was-an-island-attraction-13063170.php |title=Sea-Arama in Galveston was an island attraction for decades |newspaper=[[Houston Chronicle]] |date=July 10, 2018 |access-date=July 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180710215722/https://www.chron.com/neighborhood/galveston/article/Sea-Arama-in-Galveston-was-an-island-attraction-13063170.php |archive-date=July 10, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

The Strand plays host to a yearly [[Mardi Gras]] festival, Galveston Island Jazz & Blues Festival and a Victorian-themed [[Christmas]] festival called [[Dickens on the Strand]] (honoring the works of novelist [[Charles Dickens]], especially ''[[A Christmas Carol]]'') in early December. Galveston is home to several historic ships: the tall ship [[Elissa (ship)|''Elissa'']] (the official Tall Ship of Texas) at the Texas Seaport Museum and [[USS Cavalla (SS-244)|USS ''Cavalla'']] and {{USS|Stewart|DE-238|6}}, both berthed at [[Seawolf Park]] on nearby Pelican Island. Galveston is ranked the number one cruise port on the Gulf Coast and fourth in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Historic City, New Opportunities |publisher=Galveston Chamber of Commerce |access-date=April 13, 2009 |url=http://www.galvestonchamber.com/custom2.asp?pageid=204 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711070717/http://www.galvestonchamber.com/custom2.asp?pageid=204 |archive-date=July 11, 2011}}</ref>

The Galveston Summer Musicals was a professional summer stock theater company performing at Galveston's Moody Gardens. Prior to 2004, they performed at the Mary Moody Northen Amphitheater in West Galveston Island.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.houstonpress.com/location/galveston-summer-months-9438612 |title=Galveston Summer Months |access-date=July 13, 2020 |archive-date=July 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200713011254/https://www.houstonpress.com/location/galveston-summer-months-9438612 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Arts and culture==
===Galveston Arts Center===
Incorporated in 1986, Galveston Arts Center (GAC) is a non-profit, non-collecting arts organization. The center exhibits contemporary art, often by Texas-based artists, and offers educational and outreach programs. Notably, GAC organizes and produces Galveston ArtWalk. Museum entry is free to the public.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.galvestonartscenter.org |title=Galveston Art Center |work=galvestonartscenter.org |access-date=September 25, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926061639/http://www.galvestonartscenter.org/ |archive-date=September 26, 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Galveston Arts Center is located in the historic 1878 First National Bank Building on the Strand. This Italianate-style 1900 Storm survivor was extensively damaged during Hurricane Ike in 2008, forcing the center to temporarily relocate to a nearby facility on Market Street. After a lengthy fundraising campaign,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://glasstire.com/2015/05/16/galveston-arts-center-receives-1m-to-finish-restoration-of-historic-strand-building/ |title=Galveston Arts Center receives $1M to finish restoration of historic Strand building |date=May 17, 2015 |access-date=February 6, 2021 |archive-date=February 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213112229/https://glasstire.com/2015/05/16/galveston-arts-center-receives-1m-to-finish-restoration-of-historic-strand-building/ |url-status=live}}</ref> the total restoration of the original building was completed and Galveston Arts Center returned to the Strand in 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thc.texas.gov/content/tax-credit-program-highlight-galveston-arts-center |title=Tax Credit Program Highlight: Galveston Arts Center &#124; THC.Texas.gov - Texas Historical Commission |access-date=February 6, 2021 |archive-date=March 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306021622/http://www.thc.texas.gov/content/tax-credit-program-highlight-galveston-arts-center |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Galveston ArtWalk===
ArtWalk takes place approximately every six weeks on Saturday evenings throughout the year. ArtWalk is organized by Galveston Arts Center, which releases an ArtWalk brochure featuring a map of participating venues as well as descriptions of shows and exhibits. Venues include GAC, Galveston Artist Residency and artist's studios and galleries. Additionally, art is shown in "other walls"—for example MOD Coffeehouse or Mosquito Cafe—or outdoors at Art Market on Market Street. Musicians perform outdoors and at venues such as the Proletariat Gallery & Public House or [[Old Quarter Acoustic Cafe]]. While most ArtWalk events are concentrated downtown, there are a number or participants elsewhere on the island.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.galvestonartscenter.org/artwalk.php |title=Galveston Art Center |work=galvestonartscenter.org |access-date=September 25, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926120239/http://www.galvestonartscenter.org/artwalk.php |archive-date=September 26, 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Sculpture===
[[File:Texas Heroes Monument.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Texas Heroes Monument]]]]
Notable statues and sculptures in Galveston include:
* ''1900 Storm Memorial'', by David W. Moore
* ''Birth'', by Arthur Williams
* ''Dignified Resignation'' by [[Louis Amateis]] at the Galveston County Courthouse. With his back turned to the US flag while carrying a [[Flags of the Confederate States of America|Confederate flag]], it is the only memorial in Texas to feature a Confederate sailor.<ref>{{cite book|last=Morris Little |first=Carol |title=A Comprehensive Guide to Outdoor Sculpture in Texas |publisher=University of Texas Press |year=1996 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NgEAMI9BjkYC&pg=PP1 |pages=229 |isbn=9780292760363 |access-date=October 17, 2020 |archive-date=April 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415144703/https://books.google.com/books?id=NgEAMI9BjkYC&pg=PP1 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''Dolphins'' by David W. Moore
* ''High Tide'', by [[Charles Parks (sculptor)|Charles Parks]]
* ''Jack Johnson'', by Adrienne Isom
* [[Pink Dolphin Monument]], by Joe Joe Orangias
* [[Texas Heroes Monument]], by [[Louis Amateis]]
* ''Hope'', by Doug McLean

===Music and performing arts===
Galveston is home to the Galveston Symphony Orchestra, an ensemble of amateur and professional musicians formed in 1979 under the direction of Richard W. Pickar, Musical Director-Conductor.<ref>{{Cite web|title=About The Galveston Symphony Orchestra |work=The Galveston Symphony Orchestra |access-date=April 13, 2009 |url=http://www.galvestonsymphony.org/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090706012351/http://www.galvestonsymphony.org/ |archive-date=July 6, 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

The Galveston Ballet is a regional pre-professional ballet company and academy serving Galveston county.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Galveston Ballet Home |access-date=April 13, 2009 |url=http://raymondguy.com/gb/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090425151635/http://raymondguy.com/gb/ |archive-date=April 25, 2009}}</ref> The company presents one full-length classical ballet in the spring of each year and one mixed repertory program in the fall, both presented at the Grand 1894 Opera House.

===Artist residency===
Galveston Artist Residency (GAR) grants studio space, living space and a stipend to three visual artists each year. Resident artists work in a variety of mediums and exhibit their work in the GAR Gallery and Courtyards. Located in renovated industrial structures on the west side of downtown, GAR also hosts performances and other public events.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://galvestonartistresidency.org/about# |title=Galveston Artist Residency |work=galvestonartistresidency.org |access-date=September 25, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150917165552/http://galvestonartistresidency.org/about |archive-date=September 17, 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

The National Hotel Artist Lofts (NHAL) is an [[Artspace Projects]] developed property featuring twenty-seven live/work units designated as affordable housing for artists.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.artspace.org/our-places/national-hotel-artist-lofts |title=National Hotel Artist Lofts |work=Artspace |access-date=September 25, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924104737/http://www.artspace.org/our-places/national-hotel-artist-lofts |archive-date=September 24, 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The project brought new life to the historic E.S. Levy Building, which was left abandoned for twenty years. Originally built as the Tremont Opera House in 1870, the structure was extensively renovated to serve various functions, from offices and stores to the National Hotel. The building also housed the U.S. National Weather Bureau's Galveston office under Isaac Cline during the 1900 Storm.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mgaia.com/images/Artspace/ |title=E.S. Levy Home pg |work=mgaia.com |access-date=September 25, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150712074022/http://mgaia.com/images/Artspace/ |archive-date=July 12, 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Under Property Manager/Creative Director Becky Major, the unused retail space in the front of the building found a new purpose as a DIY art and music venue, despite its gutted and undeveloped state. In May 2015, the newly renovated space reopened as the Proletariat Gallery & Public House. This bar and gallery provides a common area for NHAL and neighborhood residents and a cultural hub for the broader community. Visual art, events and live music are regularly hosted in the space.{{citation needed|date=April 2017}}

==Government==
{{multiple image
 |align = right
 |direction = vertical
 |image1 = GalvestonCityHall.JPG
 |caption1 = Galveston City Hall
 |image2 = Galveston US Post Office, Custom House and Courthouse.jpg
 |caption2 = US Post Office, Custom House and Courthouse
}}

===City government===
After the hurricane of 1900, the city originated the city commission form of [[Municipal government|city government]] (which became known as the "[[City commission government|Galveston Plan]]"). The city has since adopted the [[Council-Manager government|council-manager]] form of government. Galveston's city council serves as the city's legislative branch, while the city manager works as the chief executive officer, and the municipal court system serves as the city's judicial branch.

The city council and mayor promote ordinances to establish municipal policies. The Galveston City Council consists of six elected positions, each derived from a specified [[electoral district]]. Each city council member is elected to a two-year term, while the mayor is elected to a two-year term. The city council appoints the city manager, the city secretary, the city auditor, the city attorney, and the municipal judge. The city's Tax Collector is determined by the city council and is outsourced to Galveston County. The city manager hires employees, promotes development, presents and administers the budget, and implements city council policies. Craig Brown is the incumbent [[mayor of Galveston]].

===County, state, and federal government===
Galveston is the [[county seat|seat]] and second-largest city (after [[League City, Texas|League City]]) of [[Galveston County, Texas|Galveston County]] in population.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Statistics, Galveston County |work=Bay Area Houston Economic Partnership |access-date=October 3, 2009 |url=http://www.bayareahouston.com/Home/DataCenter/CountyStats1/GalvestonCounty/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617070859/http://www.bayareahouston.com/Home/DataCenter/CountyStats1/GalvestonCounty/ |archive-date=June 17, 2008}}</ref> The Galveston County Justice Center, which houses all the county's judicial functions as well as jail, is located on 59th street. The Galveston County Administrative Courthouse, the seat of civil and administrative functions, is located near the city's downtown.<ref>[http://www.co.galveston.tx.us/court_house_info.htm "Galveston County Justice Center"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080925223222/http://www.co.galveston.tx.us/court_house_info.htm |date=September 25, 2008}} ''[[Galveston County, Texas]]''. Accessed November 7, 2008.</ref> Galveston is within the County Precinct 1; {{as of|lc=y|2008}} Patrick Doyle serves as the Commissioner of Precinct 1.<ref>[http://www.co.galveston.tx.us/Commissioners/Precinct_1.htm "Precinct 1"]. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130108101451/http://www.co.galveston.tx.us/Commissioners/Precinct_1.htm |date=January 8, 2013}} ''[[Galveston County, Texas]]''. Retrieved October 4, 2009.</ref>

The Galveston County Sheriff's Office operates its law enforcement headquarters and jail from the Justice Center.<ref>[http://www.co.galveston.tx.us/Sheriff/sheriff.htm "Welcome to the Galveston County Sheriff's Office Home Page"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081026091802/http://www.co.galveston.tx.us/sheriff/sheriff.htm |date=October 26, 2008}} ''Galveston County Sheriff's Office''. Retrieved October 4, 2009.</ref><ref>[http://www.co.galveston.tx.us/Sheriff/corrections.htm "Galveston County Sheriff's Office Corrections Bureau - Jail Division"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081101000440/http://www.co.galveston.tx.us/sheriff/corrections.htm |date=November 1, 2008 }} ''Galveston County Sheriff's Office''. Retrieved October 4, 2009.</ref> The Galveston County Department of Parks and Senior Services operates the Galveston Community Center.<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20040623225203/http://www.galvestonparks-seniors.org/locations/ls_overview.asp "Facilities Overview"]}}.  ''Galveston County Department of Parks and Senior Services''. Retrieved October 4, 2009.</ref> Galveston is located in District 23 of the [[Texas House of Representatives]]. {{As of|2021}}, [[Mayes Middleton]] represents the district.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20030709191238/http://www.house.state.tx.us/members/pdf/districts/23.pdf "District 23"].  ''Texas House of Representatives''. Retrieved October 4, 2009.</ref> Most of Galveston is within [[Texas Senate, District 17|District 17]] of the [[Texas Senate]]; {{as of|lc=y|2008}} [[Joan Huffman]] represents the district.<ref>[http://www.senate.state.tx.us/Icons/Dist_Maps/Dist17_Map.pdf "Senate District 17"]. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081219040031/http://www.senate.state.tx.us/Icons/Dist_Maps/Dist17_Map.pdf |date=December 19, 2008}} Map. ''[[Senate of Texas]]''. Retrieved October 4, 2009.</ref> A portion of Galveston is within [[Texas Senate, District 11|District 11]] of the [[Texas Senate]]; {{as of|lc=y|2021}} [[Larry Taylor (politician)|Larry Taylor]] represents the district.<ref>[http://www.senate.state.tx.us/Icons/Dist_Maps/Dist11_Map.pdf "Senate District 11"]. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218205131/http://www.senate.state.tx.us/Icons/Dist_Maps/Dist11_Map.pdf |date=December 18, 2014}} Map. ''[[Senate of Texas]]''. Retrieved October 4, 2009.</ref> Galveston is in [[Texas's 14th congressional district]] and is represented by [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] [[Randy Weber]] {{as of|lc=y|2012}}.

==Education==
{{Main|Education in Galveston, Texas}}

===Colleges and universities===
Established in 1891 with one building and fewer than 50 students, today the [[University of Texas Medical Branch]] (UTMB) campus has grown to more than 70 buildings and an enrollment of more than 2,500 students.<ref>{{Cite web|title=University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston: Stops for No Storm |work=Inside Healthcare |author=Meghan Flynn |date=August 1, 2009 |access-date=October 1, 2009 |url=http://www.inside-healthcare.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2321&Itemid=31 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713040029/http://www.inside-healthcare.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2321&Itemid=31 |archive-date=July 13, 2011}}</ref> The {{convert|84|acre|m2|adj=on}} campus includes schools of [[medical school|medicine]], [[nursing]], allied health professions, and a [[graduate school]] of biomedical sciences, as well as three institutes for advanced studies & medical humanities, a major medical library, seven hospitals, a network of clinics that provide a full range of primary and specialized medical care, and numerous research facilities.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Defining the Future of Health Care |work=UTMB Office of Public Affairs |access-date=October 1, 2009 |url=http://www.utmb.edu/info.broadcast/PDFS/DefiningtheFuture8-10-09.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218204449/http://www.utmb.edu/info.broadcast/PDFS/DefiningtheFuture8-10-09.pdf |archive-date=December 18, 2014}}</ref>

Galveston is home to two post-secondary institutions offering traditional degrees in higher education. [[Galveston College]], a junior college that opened in 1967, and [[Texas A&M University at Galveston]], an ocean-oriented branch campus of [[Texas A&M University]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Texas A&M University, Galveston |work=Best Colleges |publisher=U.S. News & World Report |access-date=October 1, 2009 |url=http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/galveston-tx/texas-a&m-galveston-10298 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090827204334/http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/galveston-tx/texas-a%26m-galveston-10298 |archive-date=August 27, 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Primary and secondary schools===
The city of Galveston is served by [[Galveston Independent School District]], which includes six elementary schools, two [[Central Middle School (Galveston, Texas)|middle schools]] and one high school, [[Ball High School]]. There is also one [[magnet school|magnet middle school]], Austin Middle School, serving grades 5 through 8.<ref>{{Cite web|title=GISD hopes magnet school attracts students |work=The Galveston County Daily News |author=Rhiannon Meyers |date=February 6, 2008 |access-date=October 1, 2009 |url=http://galvestondailynews.com/story.lasso?ewcd=2001761dda6797b5 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224040947/http://galvestondailynews.com/story.lasso?ewcd=2001761dda6797b5 |archive-date=February 24, 2012}}</ref> Galveston has several state-funded [[Charter School|charter schools]] not affiliated with local school districts, including kindergarten through 8th grade Ambassadors Preparatory Academy and pre-kindergarten through 8th Grade Odyssey Academy.<ref name="PRVSCHOOLS">{{Cite web|title=Galveston, Texas Private Schools |work=galveston.com |access-date=October 4, 2009 |url=http://www.galveston.com/privateschools/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091127162105/http://www.galveston.com/privateschools/ |archive-date=November 27, 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In addition [[KIPP: the Knowledge Is Power Program]] opened KIPP Coastal Village in Galveston under the auspices of GISD.<ref>Radcliffe, Jennifer. [http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/front/6350817.html "New KIPP campuses have younger focus"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090403015510/http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/front/6350817.html |date=April 3, 2009}} ''[[Houston Chronicle]]''. March 30, 2009. Retrieved October 4, 2009.</ref>

Several private schools exist in Galveston. The [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Galveston-Houston]] operates two Roman Catholic private schools, including Holy Family Catholic School (K through 8th)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.catholicweb.com/bulletins/1966/Feb-14-2010.pdf|title=Holy Family Parish Bulletin 02-14-2010}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> and [[O'Connell College Preparatory School]] (9–12).<ref name="PRVSCHOOLS"/> Other private schools include Satori Elementary School, Trinity Episcopal School, Seaside Christian Academy, and Heritage Christian Academy.<ref name="PRVSCHOOLS"/>

<gallery>
File:Galveston College Regent Hall.jpg|[[Galveston College]]
File:Lovenberg Admin Building GISD.jpg|Galveston Independent School District Administration Building
File:BHSGalvEntrance.jpg|[[Ball High School]]
File:Central_Middle_School_Galveston_Texas.jpg|Central Middle School, formerly [[Central High School (Galveston, Texas)|Central High School]]
</gallery>

==Media==
[[File:The Daily News building in Galveston Texas.jpg|thumb|right|The headquarters of ''[[The Daily News (Texas)|The Daily News]]'']]
The ''[[Galveston County Daily News|Daily News]]'' (previously ''The Galveston County Daily News'') founded in 1842, is the city's primary newspaper and the oldest continuously printed newspaper in Texas.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://galvestondailynews.com/history.lasso |title=The Galveston County Daily News |publisher=Galvestondailynews.com |access-date=October 28, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081008041359/http://galvestondailynews.com/history.lasso |archive-date=October 8, 2008}}</ref> It currently serves as the [[newspaper of record]] for the city and the ''Texas City Post'' serves as the newspaper of record for the county. Radio station [[KGBC]], on air from 1947 to 2010, has previously served as a local media outlet.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Island radio station making a comeback |work=The Galveston County Daily News |author=Leigh Jones |date=March 10, 2009 |access-date=October 4, 2009 |url=http://galvestondailynews.com/story.lasso?ewcd=f78adc7f6fda4a10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100209022106/http://galvestondailynews.com/story.lasso?ewcd=f78adc7f6fda4a10 |archive-date=February 9, 2010}}</ref> Television station [[KHOU-TV|KHOU]] signed on the air as KGUL-TV on March 23, 1953. Originally licensed in Galveston, KGUL was the second television station to launch in the Houston area after [[KPRC-TV]].<ref name="KHOU">{{Cite web| title = KHOU History | work = KHOU.com | access-date = October 4, 2009
| url = http://www.khou.com/about/ |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080611150228/http://www.khou.com/about/ |archive-date = June 11, 2008}}</ref> One of the original investors in the station was actor [[James Stewart]], along with a small group of other Galveston investors.<ref name="KHOU" /> In June 1959, KGUL changed its [[call sign]] to KHOU and moved their main office to Houston. The local [[hip hop]] name for Galveston is "G-town".<ref>Lomax, John Nova. [http://www.houstonpress.com/2005-11-17/music/on-da-lingo-part-ii/ "On Da Lingo, Part II"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809033129/http://www.houstonpress.com/2005-11-17/music/on-da-lingo-part-ii/ |date=August 9, 2011}} ''[[Houston Press]]''. Thursday November 17, 2005. Retrieved on October 26, 2011.</ref>

==Infrastructure==
===Healthcare===
Galveston is the home of several of the largest [[teaching hospitals]] in the state, located on the campus of the [[University of Texas Medical Branch]] at Galveston. Prior to [[Hurricane Ike]], the University employed more than 12,000 people. Its significant growth in the 1970s and 1980s was attributable to a uniquely qualified management and medical faculty including: Mr. John Thompson; Dr. William James McGanity, Dr. William Levin, Dr. David Daeschner and many more.

Ike severely damaged the 550-bed [[John Sealy Hospital]] causing the [[University of Texas System]] [[Board of Regents]] to cut nearly one-third of the hospital staff. Since the storm, the regents have committed to spending $713 million to restore the campus, construct new medical towers, and return John Sealy Hospital to its 550-bed pre-storm capacity.<ref name="UTMB coming back stronger than ever">{{Cite web|title=UTMB coming back stronger from Ike |work=Houston Chronicle |author=Harvey Rice |date=September 16, 2009 |access-date=October 4, 2009 |url=http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/news/specials/hurricane/6622630.html |archive-date=November 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105221248/https://www.chron.com/news/hurricanes/article/UTMB-coming-back-stronger-from-Ike-1590540.php |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2011, the UT Board of Regents approved the construction of a new 13 story hospital that will be located next to John Sealy Hospital. Construction will begin in the fall of 2011, with the demolition of the old Jennie Sealy and Shriners hospitals, and continue until completion in 2016. The facility will have 250 room, 20 operating suites and 54 intensive care beds. When the new hospital is complete, along with the renovations at John Sealy, both complexes will have around 600 beds.<ref name="UTMB gets OK to build new island hospital">{{Cite web|title=UTMB gets OK to build new island hospital |work=The Daily News |author=John DeLapp |date=August 26, 2011 |access-date=September 18, 2011 |url=http://galvestondailynews.com/story/253098 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120829163529/http://galvestondailynews.com/story/253098 |archive-date=August 29, 2012 |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

The university reopened their [[Level I Trauma Center]] on August 1, 2009, which had been closed for eleven months after the hurricane and, {{as of|lc=y|2009|09}}, had reopened 370 hospital beds.<ref name="UTMB coming back stronger than ever"/><ref>{{Cite web|title=UTMB emergency room reopens after Ike |work=The Galveston County Daily News |author=Scott Gonzales |date=August 2, 2009 |url=http://www.galvestondailynews.com/story.lasso?ewcd=d093128587d3bc01 |access-date=September 13, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807084231/http://galvestondailynews.com/story.lasso?ewcd=d093128587d3bc01 |archive-date=August 7, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref>

The city is also home to a 30-bed [[Acute (medicine)|acute]] [[burn]]s hospital for children, the [[Shriners Hospitals for Children|Shriners Burns Hospital at Galveston]].<ref name="galvestondailynews.com">{{Cite web|title=Shriners vote to keep isle burns hospital open |work=The Galveston County Daily News |author=Laura Elder |date=July 7, 2009 |access-date=October 4, 2009 |url=http://galvestondailynews.com/story.lasso?wcd=140378 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716231601/http://galvestondailynews.com/story.lasso?wcd=140378 |archive-date=July 16, 2011}}</ref> The Galveston hospital is one of only four in the chain of 22 [[non-profit]] [[Ancient Arabic Order of the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine|Shriners]] hospitals, that provides acute burns care.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Shriners will keep hospitals open Galveston facility to reopen in a few weeks |work=Houston Chronicle |author=Elizabeth Allen |date=July 10, 2009 |access-date=October 4, 2009 |url=http://www.chron.com/CDA/archives/archive.mpl?id=2009_4764200 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111224152757/http://www.chron.com/CDA/archives/archive.mpl?id=2009_4764200 |archive-date=December 24, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> Although the Galveston Hospital was damaged by Hurricane Ike, the Shriners national convention held in July 2009 voted to repair and reopen the hospital.<ref name="galvestondailynews.com"/><ref>{{Cite web|title=Hospitals Listed by Specialty
|work=Shriners Hospitals for Children |access-date=October 5, 2009 |url=http://www.shrinershq.org/Hospitals_by_Specialty.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090826013034/http://www.shrinershq.org/Hospitals_by_Specialty.aspx <!--Added by H3llBot-->|archive-date=August 26, 2009}}</ref>

===Fire department===
The Galveston Fire Department provides [[fire protection]] services through six fire stations and 17 pieces of [[Fire apparatus|apparatus]].<ref>[http://www.cityofgalveston.org/public_safety/firedept.cfm "Fire Department"]. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060705011543/http://www.cityofgalveston.org/public_safety/firedept.cfm |date=July 5, 2006}} ''City of Galveston''. Retrieved October 4, 2009.</ref> The [https://web.archive.org/web/20130204034639/http://www.galvestonpolice.net/official/ Galveston Police Department] has provided the city's [[police|police protection]] for more than 165 years. Over 170 authorized officers serve in three divisions.

===Library===
[[File:Rosenberg Library2008.jpg|thumb|right|The Rosenberg Library]]
The city is served by the [[Rosenberg Library]], successor to the Galveston Mercantile Library, which was founded in 1871. It is the oldest public library in the State of Texas.<ref name=rosenberg>{{Cite web|url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/lcr02 |work=Handbook of Texas, Texas State Historical Association |title=Rosenber Library |access-date=May 17, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710013205/http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/lcr02 |archive-date=July 10, 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rosenberg-library.org/ |title=Rosenberg Library |publisher=Rosenberg-library.org |access-date=October 28, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081031140828/http://www.rosenberg-library.org/ |archive-date=October 31, 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The library also serves as headquarters of the [[Galveston County Library System]], and its librarian also functions as the Galveston County Librarian.<ref>[http://www.rosenberg-library.org/about/library.htm "About the Rosenberg Library"]. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606051100/http://www.rosenberg-library.org/about/library.htm |date=June 6, 2011}} ''[[Rosenberg Library]]''. Retrieved October 4, 2009.</ref>

===Courts===
The Galveston Division of the [[United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas]], the first federal court in Texas, is based in Galveston and has jurisdiction over the counties of Galveston, [[Brazoria County|Brazoria]], [[Chambers County, Texas|Chambers]] and [[Matagorda County|Matagorda]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Southern District of Texas, Galveston Division |work=United States District and Bankruptcy Courts |access-date=October 4, 2009 |url=http://www.txs.uscourts.gov/addresses/gal.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090520190448/http://www.txs.uscourts.gov/addresses/gal.pdf |archive-date=May 20, 2009}}</ref> It is housed in the United States Post Office, Customs House and Court House federal building in downtown Galveston.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Southern District of Texas, History of the District |work=United States District and Bankruptcy Courts |access-date=October 4, 2009 |url=http://www.txs.uscourts.gov/research/history.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090917092419/http://www.txs.uscourts.gov/research/history.htm |archive-date=September 17, 2009 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> The [[United States Postal Service]] operates several post offices in Galveston, including the Galveston Main Post Office and the Bob Lyons Post Office Station.<ref>[http://usps.whitepages.com/service/post_office/33611?p=1&s=tx&service_name=post_office&z=galveston "Post Office Location - Bob Lyons"]. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090321153808/http://usps.whitepages.com/service/post_office/33611?p=1&s=tx&service_name=post_office&z=galveston |date=March 21, 2009}} ''[[United States Postal Service]]''. Retrieved October 4, 2009.</ref><ref>[https://archive.today/20120716014002/http://usps.whitepages.com/service/post_office/35818?p=1&s=tx&service_name=post_office&z=galveston "Post Office Location - Galveston"]. ''[[United States Postal Service]]''. Retrieved October 4, 2009.</ref> In addition the post office has a contract postal unit at the Medical Branch Unit on the campus of the [[University of Texas Medical Branch]] and the West Galveston [[United States Postal Service#Types of postal facilities|Contract Postal Unit]], located on the west end of Galveston Island in the beachside community of [[Jamaica Beach, Texas|Jamaica Beach]].

===Transportation===
[[File:Scholes Field Terminal, Galveston.jpg|thumb|[[Scholes International Airport at Galveston]]]]
[[File:Galveston, Texas. . . Prepared by Order of Maj. Gen. N. P. Banks. Maj. D. C. Houston, Chief Engineers... Authorities... - NARA - 305663.tif|thumb|Civil War-era map depicting the early Galveston grid]]

====Sea====
Galveston is home to several historic ships: the tall ship ''Elissa'' (the official Tall Ship of Texas) at the Texas Seaport Museum and USS ''Cavalla'' and USS ''Stewart'', both berthed at Seawolf Park on nearby Pelican Island. Galveston is ranked the number one cruise port on the Gulf Coast and fourth in the United States.

====Air====
[[Scholes International Airport at Galveston]] {{airport codes|GLS|KGLS}} is a two-runway airport in Galveston; the airport is primarily used for general aviation, offshore energy transportation, and some limited military operations. The nearest commercial airline service for the city is operated out of Houston through [[William P. Hobby Airport]] and [[George Bush Intercontinental Airport]]. The [[University of Texas Medical Branch]] has two heliports, one for Ewing Hall and one for its emergency room.

====Railroad====
The [[Galveston Railroad|Galveston Railway]], originally established and named in 1854 as the Galveston Wharf and Cotton Press Company, is a [[Class III railroad|Class III]] terminal switching railroad that primarily serves the transportation of cargo to and from the Port of Galveston. The railway operates {{convert|32|mi|km}} of yard track at Galveston, over a {{convert|50|acre|m2|adj=on}} facility. The Galveston Railroad today owned Rail Link Inc. interchanges with the Union Pacific Railroad Company and BNSF Railway Company on Galveston Island. The two class one Railroads reach Galveston by way of a new vertical lift railroad causeway bridge that crosses Galveston Bay next to the Interstate-45 bridge.

The city last had direct intercity [[passenger train]] service in 1967 with the [[Santa Fe Railroad]]'s ''[[Texas Chief]]'' from [[Chicago]].<ref>Sanders, Craig (2006). ''Amtrak in the Heartland''. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-253-34705-3}}, p. 107.</ref> Galveston is served by [[Amtrak Thruway#West|Amtrak Thruway]] service at Galveston Amtrak bus stop, with service to Houston for [[Amtrak]]'s ''[[Sunset Limited]]'', continuing further north to [[Longview, Texas|Longview]] for Amtrak's ''[[Texas Eagle]]''.<ref>Amtrak site, Galveston Thruway stop https://www.amtrak.com/stations/gls {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020042538/https://www.amtrak.com/stations/gls |date=October 20, 2020}}</ref><ref>Rome2Rio, Galveston thruway bus https://www.rome2rio.com/s/Houston-Amtrak-Station/Galveston {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012072629/https://www.rome2rio.com/s/Houston-Amtrak-Station/Galveston |date=October 12, 2020}}</ref>

====Roads====
John D. Groesbeck surveyed and mapped the town in 1837 and 1838 on behalf of the Galveston City Company. A new Galveston resident most recently from New York City, he laid out the streets based on a gridiron, and named the east–west avenues according to letters of the alphabet, with Avenue A running along the back bay on the north side of the island. He assigned numbers to names of north–south streets, with First Street on the far eastern side of the grid, and the numbered street names increased as they progressed westward. The names of some of the avenues changed over the years. Most notably, Avenue B became known as The Strand, and Avenue J became known as Broadway, a major thoroughfare which runs from the Interstate-45 viaduct to Seawall Boulevard.<ref name=mccomb>{{cite book|title=Galveston: A History |author=David G. McComb |location=Austin |publisher=University of Texas Press |page=43 |year=1986 |isbn=978-0-292-72053-4}}</ref>

[[Interstate 45]] has a southern terminus in Galveston and serves as a main artery to Galveston from mainland Galveston County and [[Houston]]. [[U.S. Route 75 in Texas|US Route 75]] used to reach Galveston before it was [[decommissioned highway|decommissioned]] in 1987 from Dallas. [[Farm to Market Road 3005]] (locally called [[Seawall Boulevard]]) connects Galveston to [[Brazoria County, Texas|Brazoria County]] via the [[San Luis Pass (Galveston Island)|San Luis Pass-Vacek Toll Bridge]]. [[Texas State Highway 87|State Highway 87]], known locally as Broadway Street, connects the island to the [[Bolivar Peninsula]] via the Bolivar Ferry. A project to construct the [[Bolivar Bridge|proposed Bolivar Bridge]] to link Galveston to Bolivar Peninsula was cancelled in 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.galvestondailynews.com/news/article_bc0e9bdb-3496-5feb-98fe-0a0e438e604c.html |title=Bolivar bridge goes nowhere |publisher=The Daily News Galveston County |date=July 8, 2007 |access-date=June 12, 2013 |author=Collette, Mark |archive-date=November 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105221249/https://www.galvnews.com/news/article_bc0e9bdb-3496-5feb-98fe-0a0e438e604c.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{jct|state=TX|I|45}}
* {{jct|state=TX|TX|87}}
* {{jct|state=TX|TX|168}}
* {{jct|state=TX|TX|275}}
* {{jct|state=TX|SS|342}}
* {{jct|state=TX|FM|3005}}

===Transit===
[[Island Transit (Texas)|Island Transit]], which operates the [[Galveston Island Trolley]] manages the city's public transportation services. Intercity bus service to Galveston was previously operated by [[Kerrville Bus]] Company; following the company's acquisition by Coach USA, service was operated by [[Megabus (North America)|Megabus]].{{citation needed|date=January 2019}}

===Sports===
Galveston was home to [[minor league baseball]] from 1888 to 1955. The [[Galveston White Caps]] (1950–1955), [[Galveston Buccaneers]] (1931–1937)
[[Galveston Sand Crabs]] (1889–1890, 1892, 1897–1899, 1907–1911, 1922–1924) [[Galveston Pirates (baseball)|Galveston Pirates]] (1912–1917, 1919–1921) and [[Galveston Giants]] (1888) all called Galveston home. Galveston was a member of the [[Big State League]] (1954–1955), [[Florida Complex League#Gulf Coast League|Gulf Coast League]] (1950–1953) and [[Texas League]] (1888–1890, 1892, 1897–1899, 1907–1917, 1919–1924, 1931–1937). The teams played at Moody Stadium/White Cap Stadium (1931–1937, 1950–1955), [[Gulfview Park]] (1921–1924)/Pirate Field (1915–1920) and Beach Park (1888–1915).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.statscrew.com/minorbaseball/roster/t-gc11674/y-1955 |title=1955 Galveston White Caps Roster on StatsCrew.com |website=www.statscrew.com |access-date=February 21, 2020 |archive-date=February 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200221135035/https://www.statscrew.com/minorbaseball/roster/t-gc11674/y-1955 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.statscrew.com/sports/places/m-4194989 |title=Galveston, Texas sports teams on StatsCrew.com |website=www.statscrew.com |access-date=February 21, 2020 |archive-date=February 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200221135025/https://www.statscrew.com/sports/places/m-4194989 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.statscrew.com/venues/v-957 |title=White Cap Stadium in Galveston, TX history and teams on StatsCrew.com |website=www.statscrew.com |access-date=February 21, 2020 |archive-date=February 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200221135027/https://www.statscrew.com/venues/v-957 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.statscrew.com/venues/v-954 |title=Beach Park in Galveston, TX history and teams on StatsCrew.com |website=www.statscrew.com |access-date=February 21, 2020 |archive-date=February 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200221135026/https://www.statscrew.com/venues/v-954 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.statscrew.com/minorbaseball/t-gc11672 |title=Galveston Sand Crabs Statistics and Roster on StatsCrew.com |website=www.statscrew.com |access-date=February 21, 2020 |archive-date=February 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200221135025/https://www.statscrew.com/minorbaseball/t-gc11672 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Notable people==
Galveston has been home to many important figures in Texas and U.S. history. During the island's earliest history it became the domain of [[Jean Lafitte]], the famed [[pirate]] and American hero of the [[War of 1812]].<ref name="HTOLAFITTE" /> [[Richard Bache Jr. (Texas politician)|Richard Bache, Jr.]] who settled in Galveston in 1842 and represented it in the Senate of the Second Texas Legislature in 1847 and assisted in drawing up the Constitution of 1845 was another.<ref>{{cite web|author=Lura N. Rouse |url=http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fba02 |title=BACHE, RICHARD |work=Handbook of Texas Online |publisher=Tshaonline.org |access-date=August 13, 2010}}</ref> He was also the grandson of [[Benjamin Franklin]], one of the [[Founding Fathers of the United States]] of America and [[Deborah Read]]. In 1886, the [[African-American]] Galveston civil rights leader [[Norris Wright Cuney]] rose to become the head of the [[Texas Republican Party]] and one of the most important [[American South|Southern]] black leaders of the century.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cuney, Norris Wright |work=The Handbook of Texas Online, Texas State Historical Association |author=Merline Pitre |access-date=October 8, 2009 |url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fcu20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101221144035/http://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fcu20 |archive-date=December 21, 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

British playwright and actor [[Charles Francis Coghlan]] died in Galveston in 1899 while touring with his theatre company<ref>Charles Coghlan is Dead - New York Times 28 November 1899;  pg. 7;</ref> and was initially entombed there until his body was washed out to sea in the 1900 hurricane.<ref>Charles Coghian's Body Missing. -  New York Times - September 25, 1900; pg. 2;</ref> Portrait and landscape artist [[Verner Moore White]] moved from Galveston the day before the 1900 hurricane. While he survived, his studio and much of his portfolio were destroyed.<ref>Baker, James Graham; Southwestern Historical Quarterly Vol CXIII; April 2010</ref> Another survivor of the hurricane was the [[Hollywood (film industry)|Hollywood]] director [[King Vidor]], who made his directing debut in 1913 with the film ''[[Hurricane in Galveston]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vidor, King Wallis |work=The Handbook of Texas Online, Texas State Historical Association |access-date=October 8, 2009 |url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fvi15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110101222326/http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fvi15 |archive-date=January 1, 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Later [[Jack Johnson (boxer)|Jack Johnson]], nicknamed the "Galveston Giant", became the first black world heavyweight boxing champion.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Johnson, Jack |work=The Handbook of Texas Online, Texas State Historical Association |access-date=October 8, 2009 |url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fjo14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101101161913/http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fjo14 |archive-date=November 1, 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

During the first half of the 20th century, [[William Lewis Moody Jr.|William L. Moody Jr.]] established a business empire, which includes [[American National Insurance Company]], a major national insurer, and founded the [[Moody Foundation]], one of the largest charitable organizations in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Moody Foundation |work=The Handbook of Texas Online, Texas State Historical Association |author=Robert E. Baker |access-date=October 3, 2009 |url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/vrm06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110215050133/http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/vrm06 |archive-date=February 15, 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Sam Maceo]], a nationally known [[organized crime]] boss, with the help of his family, was largely responsible for making Galveston a major U.S. tourist destination from the 1920s to the 1940s.<ref name="hotgalv" /> Grammy-award-winning singer-songwriter [[Barry White]] was born on the island and later moved to Los Angeles.<ref>[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/barry-white-36718.html  "Obituary: Barry White", ''The Independent'', October 31, 2013]. Retrieved July 26, 2021</ref>

[[George P. Mitchell]], pioneer of [[hydraulic fracturing]] technology and developer of [[The Woodlands, Texas]], was born and raised in Galveston.<ref>{{cite news|title=George Mitchell still pushes energy conservation: Oilman has worked for conservation since the Arab embargo more than 30 years ago |last=Hays |first=Kristen |date=August 2, 2008 |newspaper=[[Houston Chronicle]] |url=http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/business/5920511.html |publisher=[[Hearst Newspapers]] |access-date=April 30, 2015}}</ref>

[[Anita Martini]], pioneering female sports journalist who was the first woman allowed in a major league locker room for a post-game press conference, was born in Galveston.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Bailey |first1=Mike |title=On top of her game |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/17199665 |work=[[The Galveston Daily News]] |date=January 28, 1990 |page=1-C}}</ref> Surfer [[Dorian "Doc" Paskowitz]] was born in Galveston.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://forward.com/articles/209116/doc-paskowitz-jewish-surfer-dude-for-ages-dies-at/ |title=Doc Paskowitz, Jewish Surfer Dude for Ages, Dies at 93 |date=November 12, 2014 |work=The Jewish Daily Forward}}</ref>

Professional baseball pitcher [[Sig Jakucki]] made Galveston his home after joining the [[Galveston Buccaneers]] in 1934. He is best remembered for defeating the [[New York Yankees]] in the final game of the 1944 MLB season, giving the [[St. Louis Browns]] their only pennant.<ref>{{cite web|last=Wolf |first=Gregory H. |url=https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/sig-jakucki/ |title=Sig Jakucki |work=SABR |access-date=October 1, 2021 |archive-date=October 1, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001203808/https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/sig-jakucki/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
[[Terran Petteway]], a basketball player in the [[Israeli Basketball Premier League]], was born in Galveston.

More recently [[Tilman J. Fertitta]], part of the Maceo bloodline, established the Landry's Restaurants corporation, which owns numerous restaurants and entertainment venues in Texas and Nevada.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Tilman J. Fertitta |work=Forbes |access-date=October 8, 2009 |url=https://people.forbes.com/profile/tilman-j-fertitta/48514 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090925163501/http://people.forbes.com/profile/tilman-j-fertitta/48514 | archive-date=September 25, 2009 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

[[Kay Bailey Hutchison]] was the senior [[United States Senate|senator]] from Texas and the first female Texas senator.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hutchison, Kathyrn Ann Bailey (Kay) – Biographical Information |work=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress |access-date=October 8, 2009 |url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=h001016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007114454/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=H001016 |archive-date=October 7, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Gilbert Pena]], former Republican member of the [[Texas House of Representatives]] from [[Pasadena, Texas|Pasadena]], was born in Galveston in 1949 and lived there in early childhood.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.takeback144.com/meet-gilbert/ |title=Meet Gilbert Pena |publisher=Take Back House District 144 |access-date=December 10, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141220090656/http://www.takeback144.com/meet-gilbert/ |archive-date=December 20, 2014 }}</ref>

[[Jonathan Pollard]], who spied for [[Israel]] and was convicted in the US and sentenced to life in jail, was born in Galveston.<ref name="Trahair2004">{{cite book|author=R. C. S. Trahair |title=Encyclopedia of Cold War Espionage, Spies, and Secret Operations |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tFJLIIGVk10C&pg=PA267 |access-date=April 10, 2012 |year=2004 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-313-31955-6 |pages=267–268 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103193033/http://books.google.com/books?id=tFJLIIGVk10C&pg=PA267 |archive-date=November 3, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> The film and television actor [[Lee Patterson]], a native of [[Vancouver, British Columbia]], lived in Galveston and died there in 2007.<ref>''[[Soap Opera Digest]]'', Vol. 32, No. 44, 30 October 2007, page 17.</ref>

Other notable people include [[Brandon Backe]], a former [[Major League Baseball]] pitcher for the [[Tampa Bay Rays|Tampa Bay Devil Rays]] and [[Houston Astros]] who played in the [[2005 World Series]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/b/backebr01.shtml |title=Brandon Backe stats |work=[[Baseball-Reference.com]] |accessdate=January 3, 2022}}</ref> [[Matt Carpenter (baseball)|Matt Carpenter]] of the [[St. Louis Cardinals]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mlb.mlb.com/team/player.jsp?player_id=572761#gameType='R'&sectionType=career&statType=1&season=2013&level='ALL' |title=''MLB Player Stats'' (Matt Carpenter) |access-date=August 23, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150412164744/http://mlb.mlb.com/team/player.jsp?player_id=572761#gameType='R'&sectionType=career&statType=1&season=2013&level='ALL' |archive-date=April 12, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Mike Evans (wide receiver)|Mike Evans]], wide receiver for the [[Tampa Bay Buccaneers]],<ref>{{Cite web|last=Williams |first=Brandon C. |date=May 9, 2014 |title=Ball's Mike Evans drafted by Tampa Bay |url=http://www.galvnews.com/sports/free/article_fb939234-d715-11e3-9745-0017a43b2370.html |access-date=April 12, 2018 |website=The Daily News |language=en}}</ref> 1998 [[Heisman Trophy]] runner-up and pro quarterback [[Michael Bishop (gridiron football)|Michael Bishop]], Pittsburgh Steelers great [[Casey Hampton]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Casey Hampton Stats, Height, Weight, Position, Draft, College |url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/H/HampCa00.htm |access-date=December 29, 2023 |website=Pro-Football-Reference.com |language=en}}</ref> comedian [[Bill Engvall]],<ref>{{cite book|last=Whitburn |first=Joel |title=Hot Country Songs 1944 to 2017 |publisher=Record Research, Inc. |year=2017 |page=120 |isbn=978-0-89820-229-8}}</ref> actresses [[Valerie Perrine]]{{citation needed|date=August 2023}} and [[Katherine Helmond]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/84405%7C0/katherine-helmond#biography |title=Katherine Helmond Biography |website=[[Turner Classic Movies]] |access-date=December 9, 2018}}</ref> painter [[Ethel Fisher]],<ref>[[Harry Schneiderman|Schneiderman, Harry]] and Itzhak J. Carmin (eds). [https://books.google.com/books?id=zXNqAAAAMAAJ ''Who's Who in World Jewry, Volume 2''], New York: Pitman Publishing Corporation, 1965, p. 524–5.</ref> [[Tina Knowles]] fashion designer and creator of [[House of Deréon]], mother of [[Beyoncé]] and [[Solange Knowles]],<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.texasmonthly.com/story/beyonce-its-family-affair?fullpage=1 |title=It's a Family Affair |work=Texas Monthly |first=Michael |last=Hall |date=April 2004 |issn=0148-7736 |access-date=September 7, 2014 |archive-date=March 25, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325120146/http://www.texasmonthly.com/articles/its-a-family-affair/ |url-status=live |quote=She was born Celestine Beyoncé in Galveston in 1954.}}</ref> and Grammy award-winning R&B and Jazz legend [[Esther Phillips]], was born in Galveston in 1935.<ref>Freeland, David (2001). ''Ladies of Soul''. University Press of Mississippi. p. xxiii. {{ISBN|1-57806-331-0}}.</ref>

==In media and literature==
* "[[Galveston (song)|Galveston]]" is the name of a popular song written by [[Jimmy Webb]] and sung by [[Glen Campbell]].
* ''[[4 for Texas]]'' (1963), a motion picture set in Galveston.
* [[Sheldon Cooper]], one of the main characters from the [[CBS]] [[sitcom]] ''[[The Big Bang Theory]]'' and its spinoff ''[[Young Sheldon]]'', was born in Galveston.<ref name="tbbt-s02e09">{{cite episode|title=The White Asparagus Triangulation|episode-link=The Big Bang Theory season 2#ep26|series=The Big Bang Theory|series-link=The Big Bang Theory|network=[[CBS]]|date=November 24, 2008|season=2|number=9|minutes=04:15}}</ref>
* The [[Walter M. Miller Jr.]] novella ''[[Dark Benediction]]'' (1951) takes place partly in Galveston during the outbreak of a mysterious plague.
* [[Donald Barthelme]]'s 1974 [[short story]] ''I Bought a Little City'' is about an unnamed man who invests his fortune in buying Galveston, only to sell it thereafter.<ref>[http://www.newyorker.com/archive/1974/11/11/1974_11_11_042_TNY_CARDS_000308287] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105091857/http://www.newyorker.com/archive/1974/11/11/1974_11_11_042_TNY_CARDS_000308287|date=November 5, 2013}} Barthelme's original story.</ref>
* Galveston is the primary setting and filming location for the 1989 film ''[[Night Game (film)|Night Game]]''.
* Galveston is the setting of [[Sean Stewart]]'s 2000 fantasy novel ''Galveston'', in which a Flood of Magic takes over the island city, resulting in strange and carnivalesque adventures. It tied in 2001 with ''[[Declare]]'', by [[Tim Powers]], for the [[World Fantasy Award for Best Novel]]. It also won the 2001 [[Sunburst Award]] and was a preliminary nominee for the [[Nebula Award for Best Novel]].
* ''The Drowning House'', a novel by Elizabeth Black (2013), is an exploration of the island of Galveston, Texas, and the intertwined histories of two families who reside there.<ref>[https://www.amazon.com/The-Drowning-House-A-Novel/dp/0385535864/ref=cm_cr_pr_pb_t] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105221303/https://www.amazon.com/The-Drowning-House-A-Novel/dp/0385535864/ref=cm_cr_pr_pb_t|date=November 5, 2021}} Publisher</ref>
* ''Galveston'' (2010) is the first novel by [[Nic Pizzolatto]], the creator of the [[HBO]] series ''[[True Detective]]''.
* ''[[The Jinx (miniseries)|The Jinx]]'' (2015), an [[HBO]] miniseries, features Galveston as the location of one of [[Robert Durst]]'s murders which took place in 2001.
* In the 2016 survival horror film ''[[The Shallows (film)|The Shallows]]'', directed by [[Jaume Collet-Serra]] and starring [[Blake Lively]], Galveston was set as the main character's hometown and is shown at the film's conclusion.
* [[Magnolia Network]]'s programming includes ''Restoring Galveston'' (formerly known as ''Big Texas Fix'') which shows local Galveston homes being restored and remodeled.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.chron.com/life/article/DIY-s-breakout-hit-Restoring-Galveston-is-back-15510621.php |title=DIY's breakout hit 'Restoring Galveston' is back for season 2 with new name and more homes to update |newspaper=Chron |date=August 24, 2020 |access-date=August 31, 2020 |archive-date=September 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200901162136/https://www.chron.com/life/article/DIY-s-breakout-hit-Restoring-Galveston-is-back-15510621.php |url-status=live |last1=Ramirez |first1=Sonia }}</ref>
* In the 2024 Netflix animated film ''[[Saving Bikini Bottom: The Sandy Cheeks Movie]]'', SpongeBob and Sandy attempt to rescue their friends and the rest of Bikini Bottom, which was scooped out of the ocean and taken to a laboratory/water park situated in Galveston by an evil CEO named Sue Nahmee.

==Sister cities==
Galveston's [[Sister city|sister cities]] are:<ref>{{cite web|title=Sister Cities|url=https://www.galvestontx.gov/292/Sister-Cities|publisher=City of Galveston|access-date=October 27, 2020|archive-date=October 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031051335/https://galvestontx.gov/292/Sister-Cities|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Macharaviaya]], Spain
* {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Niigata (city)|Niigata]], Japan
* {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Stavanger]], Norway
* {{flagicon|MEX}} [[Veracruz (city)|Veracruz]], Mexico

==See also==
{{Portal|Texas}}
* [[Galveston Movement]]
* [[History of the Jews in Galveston, Texas]]
* [[Juneteenth]]
* ''[[Isaac's Storm]]''
* [[USS Galveston|USS ''Galveston'']], 2 ships

==Notes==
{{notelist}}
{{Reflist}}

==References==
* [[Erik Larson (author)|Larson, Erik]]. ''[[Isaac's Storm]]'', New York: Vintage Books, 2000.
* {{Cite book|title=[[Mythic Galveston: reinventing America's third coast]] |last=Hardwick |first=Susan Wiley |year=2002 |publisher=[[JHU Press]] |page=https://archive.org/details/mythicgalvestonr0000hard/page/13 13] |isbn=0-8018-6887-4}} 7799766866800-08 - [https://archive.org/details/mythicgalvestonr0000hard read online], registration required
* {{cite book|first=Willard B. |last=Robinson |place=Austin |publisher=University of Texas Press |title=Gone from Texas: Our Lost Architectural Heritage |isbn=0-89096-106-9 |year=1981}}

==External links==
{{Sister project links|wikt=no|v=no|n=no|q=no|s=Special:Search/Galveston|b=no|voy=Galveston|commons=Category:Galveston, Texas}}
* [https://www.galvestontx.gov/ City of Galveston – Official Website]
* [https://www.visitgalveston.com/ Galveston Island Convention and Visitors Bureau] (commercial)
* [https://galvestonchamber.com/ Galveston Chamber of Commerce] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224040636/https://galvestonchamber.com/ |date=February 24, 2024 }}

{{Clear}}
{{Galveston, Texas}}
{{Galveston County, Texas}}
{{Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown MSA}}
{{Republic of Texas}}
{{Texas}}
{{Texas county seats}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Pirates}}

[[Category:Galveston, Texas| ]]
[[Category:Capitals of former nations]]
[[Category:Cities in Galveston County, Texas]]
[[Category:Cities in Texas]]
[[Category:County seats in Texas]]
[[Category:Former state capitals in the United States|Texas]]
[[Category:Galveston Bay Area]]
[[Category:Greater Houston]]
[[Category:Pirate dens and locations]]
[[Category:Populated coastal places in Texas]]
[[Category:Port cities and towns in Texas]]
[[Category:Populated places established in the 1830s]]
[[Category:Seaside resorts in Texas]]
[[Category:Piracy in the Caribbean]]