View source for Gamelan degung

{{short description|Indonesian traditional musical instruments}}
{{Infobox instrument
| name           = Gamelan Degung
| names          = 
| image          = Indra Swara gamelan.jpg
| caption        = A gamelan degung player
| inventors      = [[Sundanese people|Sundanese]]
| developed      = [[Indonesia]] ([[West Java]])
| classification = *[[Percussion instrument]]
*[[Idiophone]]
*[[Gong]]
| range          = 
| related        = 
| musicians      = 
| articles       = * [[Gamelan]]
}}
{{Infobox intangible heritage
| ICH         = Gamelan
| State Party = Indonesia
| ID          = 01607
| Region      = APA
| Year        = 2021
| Session     = 16th
| List        = Representative
| Note        = Degung, [[gamelan gambang|Gambang]], [[Gamelan gender wayang|Gender Wayang]], [[gamelan gong gede|Gong gede]], [[Gamelan gong kebyar|Gong kebyar]], [[Gamelan jegog|Jegog]], [[Gamelan joged bumbung|Joged bumbung]], [[Gamelan salendro|Salendro]], [[gamelan selunding|Selunding]], [[gamelan semar pegulingan|Semar pegulingan]], [[Gamelan surakarta|Surakarta]]
}}
{{Music of Indonesia}}

'''''Gamelan degung''''' is a form of [[Sundanese people|Sundanese]] [[musical ensemble]] that uses a subset of modified [[gamelan]] instruments with a particular mode of ''[[pelog|degung]]'' scale. The instruments are manufactured under local conditions in towns in [[West Java]] such as [[Bogor]] and [[Bandung]].<ref>Retno K. Djojo, [http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2010/01/29/for-love-music.html "For the love of music"], ''The Jakarta Post'', 29 January 2010.</ref>  ''Degung'' music is often played at public gatherings in West Java, such as at local elections, as well as many other events.<ref>Theresia Sufa, [http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2008/10/26/sundanese-music-and-dance-liven-election-day-bogor.html "Sundanese music and dance liven election day in Bogor"], ''The Jakarta Post'', 26 October 2008.</ref> There is international interest in ''degung'' as well among communities in other countries interested in Indonesian and gamelan music.<ref>Dewi Anggraeni, [http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2004/02/22/melbourne-gamelan-elephants-and-039jackpot039.html "Melbourne: Gamelan, elephants and 'Jackpot'"], {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402213258/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2004/02/22/melbourne-gamelan-elephants-and-039jackpot039.html |date=2015-04-02 }}, ''The Jakarta Post'', 22 February 2004.</ref>

Gamelan degung also playable in ''[[madenda]]'' scale, which is included in the set as a complementary tone, usually marked as a -3/''ni'' tone in the set. Playing gamelan degung in this scale requires the substitution of the 3/''na'' metal bars into -3/''ni'' tones on all instruments.

Gamelan tuning use its da/1 note as the reference. The tuning of a degung set should match with common suling tunings. A [[suling]] usually sold based on the length of the tube, such as 56&nbsp;cm, 54&nbsp;cm, etc. Shorter tube has higher base note. A 56&nbsp;cm suling corresponds with da/1≈G.

{| class="wikitable"
|+degung and madenda scale comparison
|Degung
|5
|4
|3
|
|2
|1
|-
|Madenda
|5
|4
|
| -3
|2
|1
|-
|reading
|la
|ti
|na
|ni
|mi
|da
|-
|surupan 56
|B
|C
|D
|E
|F#
|G
|-
|surupan 54
|A#
|B
|C#
|D#
|E#
|F#
|-
|surupan 52
|A
|Bb
|C
|D
|E
|F
|}

== Instruments ==
The instrumentation of ''gamelan degung'' is quite flexible. It may include:

* ''[[bonang]]/kolènang'': two rows of seven small bulbous gongs. It differs from its Javanese counterpart in that the rows are each placed on either side of the player.
* ''[[Saron (instrument)|saron]]/peking'': a high-pitched bronze metallophone with fourteen keys. Usually, there are two sarons in a single set.
* ''[[Saron panerus|panerus]]'': another bronze metallophone, similar to the ''peking'' but pitched an octave lower.
* ''[[jengglong]]'': six bulbous gongs suspended from the same frame. Could be played like bonang, or hanged.
* ''[[Gong ageng|goong ageung]]'': a large gong.
* ''[[pancer]]: a smaller gong, secondary gong.''
* A set of ''[[kendang]]'', consisting of one large (''kendang indung'') and two small double-sided drums (''kulantér'').
* ''[[suling]] degung'': a four-holed bamboo flute.
* ''[[suling]] kawih'': a six-holed bamboo flute, interchangeably used with suling degung
* ''[[Gambang (instrument)|gambang]]'': a wooden xylophone.
* ''[[kacapi]]'': a zither.

In classical ''degung'', the ''bonang'' serves as a conductor for the whole ensemble. Except in certain modern compositions, it is rarely absent.

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Closeup of a gong from gamelan degung.jpg|Closeup of a ''bonang'' from ''gamelan degung''
Image:Gamelandegung.jpg|[[Sundanese people|Sundanese]] ''gamelan degung''
Image:Diajar gamelan degung.jpg|Sundanese students playing ''gamelan degung'' on the street
File: Gamelan indra swara.jpg|''Gamelan degung'' performed by [[Indra Swara]] in Mexico
File:Gamelan indra swara mexico.jpg|''Gamelan degung'' instruments
File:Gamelan degung barudak grupo Indra Swara Mexico.jpg|''[[Bonang]]''
</gallery>

==See also==
{{Portal|Music|Indonesia}}
* [[Gong gede]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Gamelan}}

[[Category:Gamelan ensembles and genres]]
[[Category:Sundanese music]]