View source for Gangneung

{{Short description|City in Gangwon, South Korea}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Gangneung
| native_name        = {{lang|ko-Hang|강릉시}}
| settlement_type    = [[List of cities in South Korea|Municipal City]]
| translit_lang1     = Korean
| translit_lang1_type1 = [[Hangul]]
| translit_lang1_info1 = {{lang|ko|강릉시}}
| translit_lang1_type2 = [[Hanja]]
| translit_lang1_info2 = {{lang|ko|{{linktext|江|陵|市}}}}
| translit_lang1_type3 = {{nowrap|Revised Romanization}}
| translit_lang1_info3 = Gangneung-si
| translit_lang1_type4 = {{nowrap|McCune–Reischauer}}
| translit_lang1_info4 = Kangnŭng-si
| image_skyline      = {{multiple image
| caption_align = center
| border      = infobox
| total_width = 300
| perrow = 1/2/2
| color  = white
| image2 = Jumunjin Lighthouse 20220501 026.jpg
| caption2 = Jumunjin Lighthouse
| image3 = Namdae stream water reflection of colorful clouds from Wolhwagyo bridge in Gangneung South Korea.jpg
| caption3 = Namdaecheon
| image4 = Gyeongpo Beach 20220502 018.jpg
| caption4 = Gyeongpo Beach
| image5 = Ojukheon 20220501 052.jpg
| caption5 = [[Ojukheon]]
}}
| image_map          = Gangwon-Gangneung.svg
| mapsize            = 
| map_caption        = Location in South Korea
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = South Korea
| subdivision_type1  = [[Regions of Korea|Region]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Gwandong]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[Provinces of South Korea|Province]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Gangwon Province, South Korea|Gangwon State]]
| established_title  = First official recorded
| established_date   = 129 BC
| established_title2 = City established
| established_date2  = September 1, 1955
| established_title3 = As merger with Myeongju area
| established_date3  = January 1, 1995
| population_blank1_title = Dialect
| population_blank1  = [[Gangwon dialect|Gangwon]]
| area_total_km2     = 1040
| population_as_of   = September 2024<ref>{{cite web |url=https://jumin.mois.go.kr/|title=Population statistics |date=2024|website=Korea Ministry of the Interior and Safety}}</ref>
| population_total   = 208,161
| population_density_km2 = auto
<!-- government type, leaders -->| government_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| leader_party       = 
| leader_title       = Mayor
| leader_name        = Kim Hong-gyu
| leader_title1      = 
| leader_name1       = <!-- etc., up to leader_title4 / leader_name4 -->
| parts_type         = [[Administrative divisions of South Korea|Administrative divisions]]
| parts              = 1 ''eup'', 7 ''myeon'', 13 ''dong''
| coordinates        = {{coord|37|45|N|128|54|E|region:KR-42|display=it}}
| blank_name         = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]
| blank_info         = [[Humid subtropical climate|Cfa]]
| image_blank_emblem = Gangneung City Logo.svg
| blank_emblem_type  = Emblem of Gangneung
| image_flag         = Flag of Gangneung.svg
| area_code          = +82-33
}}

'''Gangneung''' ({{Korean|hangul=강릉}}; {{IPA|ko|kaŋ.nɯŋ}}) is a [[list of cities in South Korea|municipal city]] in [[Gangwon, South Korea|Gangwon province]], on the east coast of [[South Korea]]. It has a population of 213,658 (as of 2017).<ref name="pop">Gangneung City (2003). [http://www.gangneung.go.kr/english/main_sub.jsp?qp=01_02 Population & Households] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716233538/http://www.gangneung.go.kr/english/main_sub.jsp?qp=01_02 |date=2012-07-16 }}. Retrieved January 14, 2006.</ref> Gangneung is the economic centre of the [[Yeongdong (region)|Yeongdong region]] of Gangwon State. It has many tourist attractions, such as [[Jeongdongjin]], a very popular area for watching the sunrise, and Gyeongpo Beach. The city hosted all the ice events for the [[2018 Winter Olympics]] and the [[2024 Winter Youth Olympics]].<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.gn.go.kr/eng/contents.do?key=1355 |title = Gangneung Curling Centre |publisher = Gangneung city |access-date = 2018-02-09}}</ref>

== History ==
Gangneung was the home of the [[Yemaek|Yemaek people]] in ancient times and became the land of [[Wiman Joseon]] in 129 BC. In 128 BC, Nam Ryeo, the army officer of Yaekam, punished Wujang of Wiman Korea and became the territory of the [[Han dynasty]]. In the 14th year of [[Goguryeo]] Muchheon (313), it entered Goguryeo territory.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.gn.go.kr/eng/contents.do?key=1340 |title = Origin and history |publisher = Gangneung city office |access-date = 2018-02-09}}</ref>

In 639, Silla occupied this place and ruled it as a 'Sogyeong' ({{Korean|labels=no|소경}}). In 658, King Moo-yeong abolished the Sogyeong and made an arsenal to send the todok, because it was adjacent to Malgal. In 757, it was renamed Sungju and restored it in 776.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.gn.go.kr/www/contents.do?key=693 |script-title=ko:유래와 연혁 |publisher = Gangneung city office |access-date = 2018-02-09}}</ref>

It was renamed Myungju again during the Goryeo period, and it was under the jurisdiction the north of Chuncheon in the 14th year of Sungjong (995). It separated the Hamgyeong-do from the Gangeung and called it Gangneung-do, but it has always been the center of administration and military. At the beginning of the Joseon Dynasty, it called to Hwadangdo and Wonchundo and rename Gangneung by the name of Gangwon Province in the 5th year of King Sejong (1423).<ref>{{cite web |url = http://gangneung.grandculture.net/Contents?local=gangneung&dataType=01&contents_id=GC00302498 |script-title = ko:강릉의 역사 |publisher = Digital Gangneung Culture Encyclopedia |access-date = 2018-02-09 |archive-date = 2018-02-10 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180210002523/http://gangneung.grandculture.net/Contents?local=gangneung&dataType=01&contents_id=GC00302498 |url-status = dead }}</ref>

Some areas have been incorporated into Yangyang since 1945, and Gangneung City was established in 1995 as the areas of Gangneung and Myeongju merged.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.law.go.kr/lsInfoP.do?lsiSeq=2644&lsId=null&chrClsCd=010102#0000 |script-title=ko:경기도남양주시등33개도농복합형태의시설치등에관한법률 |publisher =  Korea Ministry of Government Legislation |date = 1994-08-23 |access-date = 2018-02-09}}</ref>

On 18 September 1996 a North Korean submarine ran aground near Gangneung in an attempted infiltration mission, spurring a 49-day manhunt for the escaped passengers. For more details, refer to the [[1996 Gangneung submarine infiltration incident]].<ref>{{cite news |url = http://edition.cnn.com/WORLD/9610/04/korea.consul/index.html |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170130235801/http://edition.cnn.com/WORLD/9610/04/korea.consul/index.html |url-status = dead |archive-date = January 30, 2017 |title = North Korea denies murdering diplomat |publisher = CNN |date = 1996-10-04 |access-date = 2018-02-09}}</ref>

== Symbols of Gangneung ==
The flag of the city shows a red sun in the centre and blue wave in front, on a white background. The sun represents the sunrise, the wave the sea. The flower of the city is the [[crepe myrtle]], the tree of the city is the [[pine]] tree, its bird the [[swan]]. The animal of Gangneung is the [[tiger]].<ref>Gangneung City (2003). [http://www.gangneung.go.kr/english/main_sub.jsp?qp=01_02 Symbols] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716233538/http://www.gangneung.go.kr/english/main_sub.jsp?qp=01_02 |date=2012-07-16 }}. Retrieved January 14, 2006.</ref>

== Geography ==
[[File:Gyeongpo Lake 2018.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Gyeongpo Lake]]
Gangneung is located to the east of the [[Taebaek Mountains]], which is the considered the 'waist' of the [[Korean peninsula]]. To the east is [[Sea of Japan]], and to the west are the inner side of [[Hongcheon County]], the [[Pyeongchang County]]'s Jinbu-myeon and the Daegwallyeong-myeon respectively. The southern side is connected to [[Donghae, Gangwon|Donghae]] and the [[Jeongseon County]]'s critical side. The north side is adjacent to [[Yangyang County]] Hyunbuk-myeon and Hyunnam-myeon.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.gn.go.kr/eng/contents.do?key=1341 |title = Location and Area |publisher = Gangeung city |access-date = 2018-02-10}}</ref>

The total area of Gangneung is about {{convert|1040.4|km2|abbr=on}} as of the end of 2015, which accounts for 6.2% of Gangwon State's {{convert|16873|km2|abbr=on}}. 80.4% of the area of Gangneung, {{convert|837.36|km2|abbr=on}}, is forestland.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.gn.go.kr/www/contents.do?key=1423 |script-title =ko:강릉시 기본현황 |publisher = Gangeung city |access-date = 2018-02-10}}</ref>

=== Climate ===
Gangneung experiences a [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Cfa'') with cool to cold winters and hot, humid summers. Since Gangneung is a coastal city, it has generally milder winters and relatively cooler summers than the rest of Korea. It is bordered by mountains to the west and the sea to the east.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gangneung, where travel on the east coast begins|url=http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_6.jsp?cid=1070801|website=[[VisitKorea.or.kr]]|access-date=7 December 2014|archive-date=3 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503055912/http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_6.jsp?cid=1070801|url-status=dead}}</ref>

{{Weather box
| location = Gangneung (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1911–present)
| metric first = Y
| single line = Y

| Jan record high C = 18.7
| Feb record high C = 21.4
| Mar record high C = 27.1
| Apr record high C = 33.6
| May record high C = 35.5
| Jun record high C = 37.0
| Jul record high C = 39.4
| Aug record high C = 38.9
| Sep record high C = 35.8
| Oct record high C = 32.8
| Nov record high C = 29.1
| Dec record high C = 21.8
| year record high C = 39.4

| Jan high C = 5.3
| Feb high C = 7.1
| Mar high C = 11.7
| Apr high C = 17.9
| May high C = 22.7
| Jun high C = 25.4
| Jul high C = 28.1
| Aug high C = 28.6
| Sep high C = 24.6
| Oct high C = 20.3
| Nov high C = 14.0
| Dec high C = 7.7
| year high C = 17.8

| Jan mean C = 0.9
| Feb mean C = 2.7
| Mar mean C = 7.0
| Apr mean C = 13.1
| May mean C = 17.9
| Jun mean C = 21.3
| Jul mean C = 24.7
| Aug mean C = 25.0
| Sep mean C = 20.5
| Oct mean C = 15.6
| Nov mean C = 9.5
| Dec mean C = 3.3
| year mean C = 13.5

| Jan low C = -2.7
| Feb low C = -1.3
| Mar low C = 2.6
| Apr low C = 8.2
| May low C = 13.3
| Jun low C = 17.5
| Jul low C = 21.6
| Aug low C = 21.9
| Sep low C = 17.0
| Oct low C = 11.5
| Nov low C = 5.6
| Dec low C = -0.5
| year low C = 9.6

| Jan record low C = -20.2
| Feb record low C = -15.9
| Mar record low C = -11.7
| Apr record low C = -3.5
| May record low C = -0.8
| Jun record low C = 6.0
| Jul record low C = 11.3
| Aug record low C = 13.7
| Sep record low C = 6.3
| Oct record low C = -1.9
| Nov record low C = -9.3
| Dec record low C = -15.3
| year record low C = -20.2

| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 47.9
| Feb precipitation mm = 48.0
| Mar precipitation mm = 65.1
| Apr precipitation mm = 81.9
| May precipitation mm = 79.2
| Jun precipitation mm = 118.5
| Jul precipitation mm = 250.2
| Aug precipitation mm = 292.9
| Sep precipitation mm = 229.3
| Oct precipitation mm = 113.9
| Nov precipitation mm = 81.1
| Dec precipitation mm = 36.9
| year precipitation mm = 1444.9

| unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 6.2
| Feb precipitation days = 5.7
| Mar precipitation days = 8.8
| Apr precipitation days = 8.9
| May precipitation days = 9.1
| Jun precipitation days = 10.8
| Jul precipitation days = 16.0
| Aug precipitation days = 16.4
| Sep precipitation days = 11.8
| Oct precipitation days = 7.8
| Nov precipitation days = 7.3
| Dec precipitation days = 4.6
| year precipitation days = 113.4

| Jan snow days = 6.0
| Feb snow days = 6.0
| Mar snow days = 4.3
| Apr snow days = 0.3
| May snow days = 0.0
| Jun snow days = 0.0
| Jul snow days = 0.0
| Aug snow days = 0.0
| Sep snow days = 0.0
| Oct snow days = 0.0
| Nov snow days = 0.9
| Dec snow days = 2.9
| year snow days = 20.2

| Jan humidity = 46.8
| Feb humidity = 49.2
| Mar humidity = 52.8
| Apr humidity = 52.2
| May humidity = 59.3
| Jun humidity = 69.3
| Jul humidity = 74.7
| Aug humidity = 76.4
| Sep humidity = 73.0
| Oct humidity = 61.5
| Nov humidity = 52.7
| Dec humidity = 45.6
| year humidity = 59.5

| Jan sun = 190.2
| Feb sun = 182.2
| Mar sun = 199.3
| Apr sun = 209.6
| May sun = 218.7
| Jun sun = 176.9
| Jul sun = 148.9
| Aug sun = 151.3
| Sep sun = 162.1
| Oct sun = 192.5
| Nov sun = 175.2
| Dec sun = 189.7
| year sun = 2196.6

| Jan percentsun = 60.0
| Feb percentsun = 56.7
| Mar percentsun = 50.3
| Apr percentsun = 51.6
| May percentsun = 47.5
| Jun percentsun = 37.3
| Jul percentsun = 30.8
| Aug percentsun = 35.1
| Sep percentsun = 42.1
| Oct percentsun = 54.1
| Nov percentsun = 55.9
| Dec percentsun = 61.5
| year percentsun = 47.3

| source = [[Korea Meteorological Administration]] (snow and percent sunshine 1981–2010)<ref name= KMA>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220129211110/https://data.kma.go.kr/resources/normals/pdf_data/korea_pdf_0106_v2.pdf
| archive-date = 29 January 2022
| url = https://data.kma.go.kr/resources/normals/pdf_data/korea_pdf_0106_v2.pdf
| title = Climatological Normals of Korea (1991 ~ 2020)
| publisher = Korea Meteorological Administration
| access-date = 4 April 2022
| pages = II-23, II-24, II-459
| language = ko}}</ref><ref name= KMAextremes>
{{cite web
| url = https://data.kma.go.kr/climate/extremum/selectExtremumList.do?pgmNo=103
| publisher = Korea Meteorological Administration
| access-date = 4 April 2022
| script-title = ko:순위값 - 구역별조회
| language = ko}}</ref><ref name= KMAnormals>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161207185450/http://www.kma.go.kr/down/Climatological_2010.pdf
| archive-date = 7 December 2016
| url = http://www.kma.go.kr/down/Climatological_2010.pdf
| publisher = Korea Meteorological Administration
| access-date = 8 December 2016
| title = Climatological Normals of Korea
| date = 2011
| page = 499 and 649}}</ref>
}}

== Administrative divisions ==
The district includes one town ([[Eup (administrative division)|eup]]), seven townships ([[Myeon (administrative division)|myeon]]), 13 neighborhoods ([[Dong (administrative division)|dong]]).<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.gn.go.kr/eng/contents.do?key=1343 |title = Administrative district |publisher = Gangneung city |access-date = 2018-02-09}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"  style="font-size:95%;" align=center
!Name !! Korean name !! Area(km<sup>2</sup>) !!  Population !! Households !! Map
|-
|'''[[Jumunjin|Jumunjin-eup]]''' || 주문진읍 || 60.52 ||19,299  || 9,098 ||rowspan=8 valign=top|[[File:Gangneung-map.png|400px]]
|-
|'''[[Seongsan-myeon]]''' ||성산면 || 80.28 || 3,305  || 1,488
|-
|'''[[Wangsan-myeon]]''' || 왕산면 || 245.28 || 1,682  || 881
|-
|'''[[Gujeong-myeon]]''' || 구정면 || 42.72 || 3,990  || 1,661
|-
|'''[[Gangdong-myeon, Gangneung|Gangdong-myeon]]''' || 강동면 || 112.48 || 5,090  || 2,435
|-
|'''[[Okgye-myeon]]''' || 옥계면 || 148.83 || 4,452  || 2,039
|-
|'''[[Sacheon-myeon]]''' || 사천면 || 70.89 || 4,255  || 1,971
|-
|'''[[Yeongok-myeon]]''' || 연곡면 || 202.45 || 6,920  || 3,090
|-
|'''[[Hongjae-dong]]''' || 홍제동 ||3.76||8,678  || 3,601  ||rowspan=14 valign=top|[[File:Gangneungsine-map1.png|450px]]
|-
|'''[[jungang-dong, Gangneung|Jungang-dong]]''' || 중앙동 || 0.99 ||6,447  || 3,281
|-
|'''[[Okcheon-dong, Gangneung|Okcheon-dong]]''' || 옥천동 || 0.58 || 4,246  || 2,162
|-
|'''[[Kyo-dong|Gyo 1-dong]]''' || 교1동 ||2.73  || 29,995  || 11,122
|-
|'''[[Kyo-dong|Gyo 2-dong]]''' || 교2동 ||2.57|| 9,723  || 4,078
|-
|'''[[Ponam-dong|Ponam 1-dong]]''' || 포남1동 ||1.3  || 12,057  || 5,213
|-
|'''[[Ponam-dong|Ponam 2-dong]]''' || 포남2동 ||2.58 || 16,694  || 6,727
|-
|'''[[Chodang-dong]]''' || 초당동 || 2.89 || 5,921  || 2,413
|-
|'''[[Songjeong-dong, Gangneung|Songjeong-dong]]''' || 송정동 || 3.45 || 7,561  || 2,838
|-
|'''[[Naegok-dong, Gangneung|Naegok-dong]]''' || 내곡동 || 4.96 || 11,970  || 5,066
|-
|'''[[Gangnam-dong]]''' || 강남동 || 16.09 || 21,515  || 8,450
|-
|'''[[Seongdeok-dong]]''' || 성덕동 || 11.41 || 29,357  || 11,043
|-
|'''[[Gyeongpo-dong]]''' || 경포동 || 23.02 ||4,829  || 2,234
|-
|'''Gangneung-si'''|| 강릉시 ||1,040 || 217,986 || 90,891
|-
|}

== Tour ==
=== Sunrise ===
Sunrises, especially the first in the New Year, are important in traditional Korean culture. The Jeongdongjin and Gyeongpo beaches in Gangneung are popular places to enjoy a sunrise.<ref>Best spots to usher in the New Year (2009) [http://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&sid1=001&oid=044&aid=0000087989 Korea Herald] Retrieved June 23. 2010.</ref>

=== Gyeongpodae area===
[[File:Gyeongpo Beach.jpg|right|thumb|Gyeongpo Beach]]
[[File:Gyeongpo May 2018.jpg|thumb|Olympic Rings in Gyeongpo Beach in May 2018]]

Gangneung is considered special due to its access to both a lake and the sea. [[Gyeongpodae]] is a pavilion overlooking a [[Gyeongpo lake]]. It is said that a person can see the Moon five times when at Gyeongpodae: once in the sky, once reflected in the lake, once reflected in the sea, once reflected in the drinking glass, and once more in the eyes of a lover. The site of Gyeongpodae is known for its location east of the centre of the city.<ref name="gye">Korea Tourism Organization (2005). [http://english.tour2korea.com/03Sightseeing/DestinationsByRegions/Depth04.asp?oid=&sightseeing_id=282&ADDRESS_1=15741&ADDRESS_2=14104&sight=sightseeing&konum=1&kosm=m3_1 Gyeongpodae] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060526234356/http://english.tour2korea.com/03Sightseeing/DestinationsByRegions/depth04.asp?oid=&sightseeing_id=282&ADDRESS_1=15741&ADDRESS_2=14104&sight=sightseeing&konum=1&kosm=m3_1 |date=2006-05-26 }}. Retrieved January 14, 2006.</ref>

Inside the Gyeongpodae pavilion, built with 28 pillars, is the ''Gyeongpodaebu'', a poem by [[Yul Gok]]. ''Gyeongpodaebu'' describes the movement of the heavens and the Moon. The best view of the Moon is on the 15th of the lunar month.<ref name="gye" />

The nearby Gyeongpo Beach has a sandy beach and a line of fresh seafood restaurants, with its proximity to [[Seoul]] making it a popular summer destination.

== Beach ==
[[File:강릉시 안목해변 2016-10-09 12.07.57.jpg|thumb|Anmok beach.]]
In addition to the Jungdongjin<ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ko:정동진해변 |url=https://www.gn.go.kr/tour/prog/lod/Sights/S01/sub02_02_01/view.do?cid=972 |access-date=2024-05-07 |website=강릉시}}</ref> beach where ''[[Sandglass (TV series)|Sandglass]]'', a TV series was taken, there are 18 beaches such as [[Anmok beach]], [[Gyeongpo beach]], [[Gangmun beach]].<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.gn.go.kr/tour/prog/lod/Sights/S0101/sub02_02_02/list.do |script-title=ko:관광명소・축제 - 바다・해안비경 |publisher = Gangneung city office |access-date = 2018-02-09}}</ref>

=== Jungdongjin ===
Jeongdongjin Beach is about 250 meters long and is famous for its beautiful sunrise scenery. In particular, the sunrise seen from the top of Goseong Mountain is known to be the most beautiful.

== Culture ==

=== Heritage ===
[[File:Korea-Gangneung-Ojukheon-01.jpg|300px|thumb|Ojukheon.]]
There are a total of 128 cultural properties in Gangneung. Among them, there are 34 State-designated heritage and 58 Province-designated heritage.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.gn.go.kr/www/contents.do?key=1321 |script-title=ko:강릉시 문화재 총괄현황 |publisher = Gangneung city office |access-date = 2018-02-09}}</ref>

[[National Treasure (South Korea)|National Treasure No. 51]], a [[Gate to an official inn in Gangneung|gate to an official inn]], is in Gangneung. This gate is the front gate of the Gangneung official inn built in the [[Goryeo]] period. It is the oldest gate in the Goryeo Dynasty and is the only cultural property designated as a national treasure among the buildings in Gangwon-do.

[[Ojukheon]] is the birthplace of [[Shin Saimdang]] and [[Yi I]]. It was designated as Treasure No. 165 by being recognized as one of the oldest architecture in Korea and being a rare example of preserving [[Joseon]]-era architecture.

[[Gangneung Guseongsa site]], which was founded by Burma in the 13th year of King Munsung of Silla (851), has been designated as Korea's Historic Site No. 448. Inside the temple, treasures are designated as Treasures No. 85, Treasures No. 86, There is a stone Buddhist image designated as No. 38.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|rowspan="2"|total
|colspan="8" |State-designated heritage
|colspan="4" |Province-designated heritage
|rowspan="2"|Registered cultural heritage
|rowspan="2"|Cultural heritage material
|-
|total
|National Treasure
|Treasure
|Historic Site
|Natural monuments
|Intangible Cultural Property
|Scenic Site
|National Folklore Cultural Heritage
|total
|Tangible Cultural Heritage
|Intangible Cultural Heritage
|Monument
|-
| 128
| 34
| 1
| 16
| 3
| 5
| 1
| 4
| 2
| 58
| 39
| 5
| 14
| 2
| 2
|}

=== Festivals ===
Gangneung has numerous festivals. The biggest and most famous is the festival [[Gangneung Danoje]] at the ''[[Dano (Korean festival)|dano]]'' fairground near the Namdae River. In 1967, the Gangneung Dano Festival was designated Korean National Immaterial Cultural Heritage No. 13. On November 11, 2005, it was designated by [[UNESCO]] as one of the "Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity". Nowadays, it is a combination of several commemoration rites and traditional plays. A highlight is the traditional Gwanno Mask Dance (Gwanno Gamyeongeuk), which is only performed at this festival.

In addition to well established festivals like the Dano, there are several newer festivals in Gangneung, such as the IJAF ([[International Junior Art Festival]]), which enjoys great popularity. The IJAF is a cultural festival for youth from all over the world. The festival includes both performances of the participating groups and a diversified cultural program demonstrating the essence of Korean culture. Since 2002, the IJAF has taken place at Gyeongpo Beach in the end of July. There is also the Gyeongpo Rock Festival, which was established in 2006. This festival, mostly attracting young people, offers young Korean bands from the Gangneung area a stage for their performances. The Gangneung Coffee festival, which began in 2009, is an annual coffee-tasting festival in which a variety of coffee vendors showcase coffee drinks as well as coffee machinary. In the festival are also some smaller, non-coffee vendors, as well as arts and crafts stalls. As of 2023, it is being held within the [[Gangneung Olympic Park]].

=== Museum ===
There are a number of historical remains and museums in Gangneung. The most prominent being the [[Ojukheon|Ojukheon Museum]], which is named after a special black bamboo growing in this area. It was the birthplace of the famous artist, calligrapher and poet Shin Saimdang (1504–1551) (whose image is on the 50,000 won note), and her son, the scholar Yulgok (1536–1584) (whose image is on the South Korean 5,000 won note). In 1963, the Ojukheon Museum was designated as National Cultural Heritage No. 165. It includes one of the oldest wooden buildings in Korea. The Hwanhee and Fantapia Museums, established in 2013, opened anew in November 2020<ref>{{Cite web|script-title=ko:환희컵 박물관|url=http://www.cupmuseum.org/|access-date=2020-11-24|website=www.cupmuseum.org}}</ref> Housed in a new structure of contemporary architecture it is the only cup museum in Asia. The museum's collection contains 2,000 cups from 70 countries. Currently, 1,500 are on display.

Several shrines and old residential buildings deliver insight into the lives of these famous Koreans. Next to the Ojukheon Museum there is the Gangneung Municipal Museum which shows folklore and antique pieces from the history of the city. Located in the hills surrounding Gangneung, there is the revealing Daegwallyeong Museum. It consists of a private collection with more than 1000 artifacts and shows the agricultural history of the region.

=== Religious architecture ===
[[Gangneung Imdeungdong Cathedral]] is a cathedral-style Roman Catholic sanctuary in Gangwon State. It was constructed in the 1950s. It became Registered cultural heritage No.457.

== Transportation ==
In Gangneung, [[Donghae Expressway]] connects [[Incheon Metropolitan City|Incheon]] to Gangneung and [[Yeongdong Expressway]] connects [[Yangyang County]] and [[Donghae, Gangwon|Donghae]]. The national highway is [[National Route 7 (South Korea)|National Route 7]] (part of [[AH6 (highway)|Asian Highway Route 6]]) and it connects [[Goseong County, Gangwon|Goseong County]] to [[Busan]]. It takes about 2 hours and 30 minutes to Seoul by road.

The [[Yeongdong Line]] passes Yeongju to Gangneung. Before 2006, [[Saemaeul-ho]] stopped at [[Jeongdongjin station]] and [[Gangneung station]] and it took 5.5 hours at [[Cheongnyangni station]], but now only [[Mugunghwa-ho]] is stopped, it takes 6 hours to drive. In 2017, [[Gyeonggang Line]] was opened and Gangneung station was designated as an essential-stop station. The time between [[Gangneung station]] and [[Cheongnyangni station]] has been reduced from the existing 6 hours to the minimum of 114 minutes after KTX operation.

It was operated by [[Gangneung Air Base|Gangneung Airport]] for air traffic, but passed the passenger transportation right to [[Yangyang International Airport]] in 2002 and closed its service as an airport.<ref>{{cite news |work=강원도민일보 |url = http://www.kado.net/news/articleView.html?idxno=72657 |script-title=ko:강릉·속초공항 폐쇄 |publisher = Gangwondominilbo |date = 2002-11-29 |access-date=2018-02-09}}</ref>

=== Roads ===
[[Yeongdong Expressway]] passed city west to east, [[Donghae Expressway]] passed through the city from south to north. National Route [[National Route 6 (South Korea)|6]], [[National Route 7 (South Korea)|7]], [[National Route 35 (South Korea)|35]], [[National Route 59 (South Korea)|59]] passed through city.

=== Trains ===
[[KTX-Sancheon]] is essential stop Jinbu and Gangneung station. On [[2018 Winter Olympics]] period, increased frequency of KTX.<ref>{{cite press release |author= Bureau of railroad operation, MOLIT |script-title=ko:서울~강릉 KTX 올해말 개통, 114분 소요  |url=http://www.molit.go.kr/USR/NEWS/m_71/dtl.jsp?lcmspage=1&id=95079956  |language=ko |publisher=Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, South Korea  |access-date=2018-02-09}}</ref>
[[File:KTX Gangneung Station.jpg|thumb|[[Gangneung station]]]]

{| border="1" cellpadding="5" style="border: 1px #aaa solid;  border-collapse: collapse;"
!align="left" colspan="15" style="padding:2px 2px 2px 2px;"|<div style="background-color:#dddddd; padding:4px 4px 4px 8px;">[[Rail transport in South Korea|Train]]</div>
|-
!align="center" style="padding:4px 10px 4px 10px; font-size:9pt;"|  [[file:Legenda kolej.svg|35px]] [[Yeongdong Line]]
|align="left" style="padding:4px 20px 4px 10px; font-size:8pt;"|  [[Mangsang Station|Mangsang]] ↔ '''[[Okkye Station|Okkye]]''' ↔ '''[[Jeongdongjin station|Jeongdongjin]]''' ↔ '''[[Anin Station|Anin]]'''↔ '''[[Gangneung station|Gangneung]]'''
|-
!align="center" style="padding:4px 10px 4px 10px; font-size:9pt;"|  [[file:Legenda kolej.svg|35px]] [[Gyeonggang Line]]
|align="left" style="padding:4px 20px 4px 10px; font-size:8pt;"|  [[Jinbu station|Jinbu]] ↔ '''[[Gangneung station|Gangneung]]'''
|}

=== Buses ===
Local transit operators connect communities in the city divided three regions. This is managed by [[Gangneung City Office]] and the operation is carried out by each transportation company.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://bis.gn.go.kr/GNBISEng/addInfo/fee.do |title = Gangneung Bus Information |publisher = Gangneung bus Information System |access-date = 2018-02-09 |archive-date = 2018-02-10 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180210002459/http://bis.gn.go.kr/GNBISEng/addInfo/fee.do |url-status = dead }}</ref>

[[Gangneung Intercity Bus Terminal]] operates the [[intercity bus]]<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.gangneungterminal.co.kr/index.php |script-title=ko:강릉시외버스터미널 |publisher = Gangneung Intercity Bus Terminal |access-date = 2018-02-09 |title=Gangneungterminal.co.kr |date=31 July 2016 }}</ref> and operates six [[Express Bus|Express Bus line]] in the [[Gangneung Express Bus Terminal]], the largest terminal in Gangwon State.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://gangneung.dongbubus.com/jsp/gangneung/guide/guide01.jsp |script-title=ko:터미널 소개 |publisher = Gangneung Express Bus Terminal |access-date = 2018-02-09}}</ref>

=== Taxi ===
A total of 589 units in Gangneung are operating taxi licenses. The basic fare of Gangneung taxi is 2,800 won for 2&nbsp;km. After that, 100 won will be charged for 152m from 2&nbsp;km to 6&nbsp;km, and 200 won will be charged for 152m after 6&nbsp;km. but Jumunjin area, Gangdong-meon, Okgye area are designated as exceptional areas to 45% extra charge.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.gn.go.kr/www/contents.do?key=1290 |script-title =ko:택시 |publisher = Gangnenung city Tour |access-date = 2018-02-08}}</ref>

=== Sea transport ===
[[Gangneung Port Passenger Terminal]] of [[Gangneung Harbor]] handles the Gangneung-Ulneung passenger ship.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.maristour.kr:7500/icons/app/cms/?html=/home/sub1_3.html&shell=/index.shell:398 |script-title = ko:여객선 터미널 안내 |publisher = Good-morning Ulnenung-do |access-date = 2018-02-08 |archive-date = 2018-02-09 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180209063118/https://www.maristour.kr:7500/icons/app/cms/?html=/home/sub1_3.html&shell=/index.shell:398 |url-status = dead }}</ref>

== Sports ==

=== Football ===
Gangneung is the home of the [[K3 League]] football club [[Gangneung City FC]] and is one of the two cities where [[K League]] football team [[Gangwon FC]] plays its home matches. Since 1976, [[Gangneung Jeil High School]] and [[Gangneung Junior high school]] soccer team rivalry Derby, which is held every day in the Dano Festival, have become popular.

The [[Daemyung Killer Whales]] were active in [[Asia League Ice Hockey]]<ref>{{cite news |url = http://news.kbs.co.kr/news/view.do?ncd=3283632&ref=A |script-title=ko:아이스하키 제3구단 '대명 킬러웨일즈' 공식 출범  |publisher=[[Seoul Broadcasting System]] |date = 2016-05-23 |access-date = 2018-02-09}}</ref> from 2016 to 2020.

=== 2018 Winter Olympics ===
The city 'Gangneung Coastal Cluster' was the venue for the indoor sports of the [[2018 Winter Olympics]] and [[2018 Winter Paralympics|Paralympics]] in [[Pyeongchang County|Pyeongchang]]. All these facilities, except for the [[Gangneung Curling Centre]], were built for the Olympics.

*[[Gangneung Olympic Park]]
**[[Gangneung Hockey Centre]] – Ice Hockey (Olympics and Paralympics)
**[[Gangneung Curling Centre]] – Curling (Olympics and Paralympics)
**[[Gangneung Oval]] – Speed skating
**[[Gangneung Ice Arena]] – Short track speed skating and Figure skating
*[[Kwandong Hockey Centre]] - Ice Hockey (Olympics)

The city also hosted an Olympic Village for the athletes and a media village.

== Image gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Korea-Gangneung-House of Heo family-01.jpg|The birth house of [[Heo Nanseolheon]], a famous Korean poet of the 17th century.
File:Korea-Gangneung-Ojukheon-01.jpg|The birthplace of [[Yi I]].
File:Korea-Gangneung-Seongyojang-01.jpg|[[Seongyojang]], a country house built and owned by a prominent [[yangban]] family in Gangneung. Built in the 19th century. 
File:Korea-Gangneung-Seongyojang-02.jpg|A closer view at Seongyojang.
</gallery>

== Sister cities ==
* {{flagdeco|JPN}} [[Chichibu]], [[Saitama Prefecture|Saitama]], Japan, since February 16, 1983<ref name=International>{{cite web|url=http://www.clair.or.jp/cgi-bin/simai/e/03.cgi?p=11&n=Saitama%20Prefecture|title=International Exchange|work=List of Affiliation Partners within Prefectures|publisher=Council of Local Authorities for International Relations (CLAIR)|language=en|access-date=21 November 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160104170705/http://www.clair.or.jp/cgi-bin/simai/e/03.cgi?p=11&n=Saitama%20Prefecture|archive-date=4 January 2016}}</ref>
* {{flagdeco|KAZ}} [[Öskemen]], [[East Kazakhstan Region|East Kazakhstan]], Kazakhstan, since 2011
* {{flagdeco|CHN}} [[Mangshi]], [[Yunnan]], China, since November 21, 2012<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ynmsrd.com/news/content-6-92-1.html |script-title=zh:韩国江陵市议会代表团到芒市进行友好交流 |trans-title=Korea Gangneung City parliament delegation arrive at Mangshi to friendly exchange |date=2014-10-19 |website=www.ynmsrd.com |access-date=2018-01-21 |language=zh |archive-date=2018-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122001241/http://www.ynmsrd.com/news/content-6-92-1.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* {{flagdeco|PHL}} [[Indang]], [[Cavite Province|Cavite]], Philippines, since 2013<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indang-cavite.ph/news/mayor-pecto-invited-for-an-official-visit-at-gangneung-city-south-korea/|title=Mayor Pecto invited for an official visit at Gangneung City, South Korea – Municipality of Indang, Cavite|website=indang-cavite.ph|language=en-US|access-date=2017-11-24|archive-date=2018-08-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180819051241/http://indang-cavite.ph/news/mayor-pecto-invited-for-an-official-visit-at-gangneung-city-south-korea/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* {{flagdeco|USA}} [[Loudoun County, Virginia|Loudoun County]], United States, Friendship City since 2014<ref>{{Cite web |last=York |first=Scott |date=July 2, 2014 |title=13. Board Member Initiative: Sister City Friendship Agreement with Gangneung City, Republic of Korea (York) |url=https://loudoun.granicus.com/GeneratedAgendaViewer.php?view_id=88&clip_id=3806 |website=Loudoun.gov}}</ref>
* {{flagdeco|ESP}} [[Algemesí]], Spain, since 2015<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/local/valencia/20150410/54429815609/algemesi-firma-el-hermanamiento-con-la-localidad-coreana-de-gangneung.html Algemesí firma el hermanamiento con la localidad coreana de Gangneung |language=es-SP|access-date=2022-11-16}}</ref>

== Notable people ==
* [[Choi Kyu-Ha]], former president of South Korea
* [[Edward Young-min Kwon]], celebrity chef
* [[Yeon Woo-jin]], actor
* [[Kim Jong-hyeon|JR]] ([[NU'EST]]), idol
* [[Yezi]] ([[Fiestar]]), idol
*[[Kim Seo-hyung]], actress
*[[Jeon Yeo-been|Jeon Yeo-bin]], actress
*[[Sin Saimdang]], a Korean artist, writer, [[Calligraphy|calligraphist]], and poet.
*[[Kim Bo-sung]], a South Korean actor
*[[Yi I]], a Korean philosopher and writer
*[[Choi Han-bit]], model, actress, singer and idol
*[[Cha Hyung-won]], living national treasure

== See also ==
* [[1996 Gangneung submarine infiltration incident]]
* [[List of cities in South Korea]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
<!-- Dead note "su1": Gangneung City (2003). [http://www.gntour.go.kr/english/CMSView.do?pid=1213&upPid=1020&cpage=1 Gyeongpo Sunrise]. Retrieved January 14, 2006. -->
<!-- Dead note "su2": Gangneung City (2003). [http://www.gntour.go.kr/english/CMSView.do?pid=1213&upPid=1020&cpage=1 Jeongdongjin Sunrise]. Retrieved January 14, 2006. -->

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
{{wikivoyage|Gangneung}}
* [https://www.gn.go.kr/eng/index.do City government home page]
* [http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_1_1_1.jsp?areaCode=32,1 Gangneung-si: Official Site of Korea Tourism Org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305163014/http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_1_1_1.jsp?areaCode=32,1 |date=2012-03-05 }}
* [http://www.knsgj.net/ Seongyojang House]

{{Gangwon}}
{{Metropolitan cities of South Korea}} 
{{Most populous cities in South Korea}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Gangneung| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Gangwon Province, South Korea|Cities in Gangwon State, South Korea]]
[[Category:Port cities and towns in South Korea]]