View source for Garuda

{{short description|Eagle-like demigod in Hindu mythology}}
{{for-multi|the wasp|Megalara garuda|other uses}}
{{EngvarB|date=December 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox deity<!--Wikipedia:WikiProject Hindu mythology-->
| type = Hindu
| image = Garuda by Hyougushi in Delhi.jpg
| name = Garuda
| caption = Garuda secures [[Amrita]] by defeating the [[Daitya]]
| Devanagari = गरुड़
| Sanskrit_transliteration = {{IAST|Garuḍa}}
| parents = [[Kashyapa]] and [[Vinata]]
| affiliation = {{unordered list |Devotee of [[Vishnu]] (Hinduism) |[[Dharmapala]] (Buddhism)<ref name="Lopez314"/> |[[Shantinatha]] (Jainism)}}
| siblings = [[Aruṇa]], Sumati<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/sumati#purana | title=Sumati, Sumatī: 26 definitions | date=29 June 2012 | access-date=2 November 2022 | archive-date=2 November 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221102132646/https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/sumati#purana | url-status=live }}</ref>
| children = Sumukha (son)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/sumukha | title=Sumukha: 26 definitions | date=12 April 2009 | access-date=7 September 2022 | archive-date=7 September 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220907100016/https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/sumukha | url-status=live }}</ref>
| god_of = God of Strength and Vigilance
| spouse = Unnati<ref>{{Cite book|last=Daniélou|first=Alain|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1HMXN9h6WX0C&q=Bhishma|title=Gods of India: The Classic Work on Hindu Polytheism from the Princeton Bollingen Series|date=December 1991|publisher=Inner Traditions / Bear & Co|isbn=978-0-89281-354-4|language=en|page=161|access-date=3 May 2021|archive-date=6 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230706205928/https://books.google.com/books?id=1HMXN9h6WX0C&q=Bhishma|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
'''Garuda''' ({{langx|sa|गरुड|translit=Garuḍa}}; {{langx|pi|गरुळ|Garuḷa}}) is a [[Hindu god|Hindu deity]] who is primarily depicted as the mount (''[[vahana]]'') of the Hindu god [[Vishnu]]. This divine creature is mentioned in the [[Hindu mythology|Hindu]], [[Buddhist mythology|Buddhist]], and [[Jain]] faiths.<ref name="Lopez314">{{cite book|author1=Robert E. Buswell Jr.|author2=Donald S. Lopez Jr.|title=The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DXN2AAAAQBAJ|year=2013|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-1-4008-4805-8|pages=314–315}}</ref><ref name="Dalal2010p145">{{cite book|author=Roshen Dalal|title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DH0vmD8ghdMC |year=2010|publisher=Penguin Books |isbn=978-0-14-341421-6|page=145}}</ref><ref name="Glasenapp1999p532">{{cite book|author=Helmuth von Glasenapp|title=Jainism: An Indian Religion of Salvation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WzEzXDk0v6sC&pg=PA532|year=1999|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|isbn=978-81-208-1376-2|page=532|access-date=6 January 2018|archive-date=6 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230706205929/https://books.google.com/books?id=WzEzXDk0v6sC&pg=PA532|url-status=live}}</ref> Garuda is also the half-brother of the [[Deva (Buddhism)|Devas]], [[Gandharva]]s, [[Daityas]], [[Danavas]], [[Nāga]]s, [[Vanara]] and [[Yakshas]]. He is the son of the sage [[Kashyapa]] and [[Vinata]]. He is the younger brother of [[Aruna (Hinduism)|Aruna]], the charioteer of the [[Surya|Sun]]. Garuda is mentioned in several other texts such as the [[Puranas]] and the [[Vedas]].

Garuda is described as the king of the birds and a [[Brahminy kite|kite]]-like figure.<ref name=williams21/><ref name=rao285/> He is shown either in a zoomorphic form (a giant bird with partially open wings) or an anthropomorphic form (a man with wings and some ornithic features). Garuda is generally portrayed as a protector with the power to swiftly travel anywhere, ever vigilant and an enemy of every serpent.<ref name="Lopez314"/><ref name=rao285>{{cite book |author=T. A. Gopinatha Rao |title=Elements of Hindu iconography |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MJD-KresBwIC&pg=PA285 |year=1993 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-0878-2 |pages=285–287 |access-date=7 January 2018 |archive-date=6 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230706205929/https://books.google.com/books?id=MJD-KresBwIC&pg=PA285 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Donaldson2001p253"/> He is also known as '''Tarkshya''' and '''Vainateya'''.

Garuda is a part of state insignia of [[India]], [[Indonesia]] and [[Thailand]]. Both [[Emblem of Indonesia|Indonesia]] and [[Emblem of Thailand|Thailand]] have Garuda as their [[coat of arms]], the [[Indian Army]] uses the Garuda on their [[Brigade of the Guards|Guards Brigade]] Regimental Insignia. The Indian Air Force named their special operations unit after him as the [[Garud Commando Force]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Meet the 7 mighty commando forces of India |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/infrastructure/meet-the-7-mighty-commando-forces-of-india/garud/slideshow/47611225.cms |access-date=9 May 2022 |work=The Economic Times |date=10 June 2015 |archive-date=9 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220509122054/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/infrastructure/meet-the-7-mighty-commando-forces-of-india/garud/slideshow/47611225.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> It is often associated with the [[greater adjutant|Greater adjutant stork]] (''Leptoptilos dubius'').<ref>{{cite news|last=IANS|date=21 June 2015|title=Garuda's population now 500 in Bhagalpur, Bihar|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/eco-news/garudas-population-now-500-in-bihar_1617481.html|work=Zee News|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723004138/http://zeenews.india.com/news/eco-news/garudas-population-now-500-in-bihar_1617481.html|archive-date=23 July 2015|access-date=9 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Sarkar|first=Gautam|date=16 December 2017|title=Stork nests spread|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/bihar/stork-nests-spread/cid/1371119|work=The Telegraph|access-date=9 May 2022|archive-date=28 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228040644/https://www.telegraphindia.com/bihar/stork-nests-spread/cid/1371119|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="embassyofindonesia.org">{{cite web |url=http://www.embassyofindonesia.org/about/natsymbols.htm |title=National Symbols |access-date=17 March 2010 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130827103247/http://www.embassyofindonesia.org/about/natsymbols.htm |archive-date=27 August 2013}}</ref>

==Hinduism==
{{multiple image
| footer            = Garuda may be shown as a [[brahminy kite|kite]] (left, painting by [[Raja Ravi Varma]]) or a semi human being carrying Vishnu (right, c. 1725 painting from [[Punjab States Agency|Punjab hills]]).<ref name=rao285/><ref name="Donaldson2001p253"/>
| width1            = 200
| image1            = Raja Ravi Varma, Lord Garuda.jpg
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| image2            = Brooklyn Museum - Vishnu on Garuda (cropped).jpg
| alt2              = 
| width2            = 200
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}}

In [[Hinduism]], {{IAST|Garuda}} is a divine eagle-like sun bird and the king of birds.<ref name=williams21>{{cite book|author=George M. Williams|title=Handbook of Hindu Mythology |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N7LOZfwCDpEC |year=2008|publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-533261-2|pages=21, 24, 63, 138}}, Quote: "His vehicle was Garuda, the sun bird" (p. 21); "(...) Garuda, the great sun eagle, (...)" (p. 74)</ref> A ''Garutman'' is mentioned in the ''[[Rigveda]]'' who is described as celestial [[Deva (Hinduism)|deva]] with wings.<ref name=dalal144/><ref name="Williams2008p138">{{cite book|author=George M. Williams|title=Handbook of Hindu Mythology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N7LOZfwCDpEC&pg=PA138|year=2008|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-533261-2|pages=138–139|access-date=6 January 2018|archive-date=6 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230706205929/https://books.google.com/books?id=N7LOZfwCDpEC&pg=PA138|url-status=live}}</ref> The ''Shatapatha [[Brahmana]]'' embedded inside the ''Yajurveda'' text mentions Garuda as the personification of courage. In the ''Mahabharata'', Garutman is stated to be same as Garuda, then described as the one who is fast, who can shapeshift into any form and enter anywhere.<ref name=dalal144/> He is a powerful creature in the epics, whose wing flapping can stop the spinning of heaven, earth and hell. He is described to be the vehicle mount of the Hindu god [[Vishnu]], and typically they are shown together.<ref name=dalal144>{{cite book|author=Roshen Dalal|title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DH0vmD8ghdMC |year=2010|publisher=Penguin Books|isbn=978-0-14-341421-6|pages=144–145}}</ref> He is the younger brother of [[Aruna (Hinduism)|Aruna]], who is a charioteer of the sun god, [[Surya]].

According to George Williams, Garuda has roots in the verb ''gri'', or speak.<ref name="Williams2008p138"/> He is a metaphor in the Vedic literature for ''Rik'' (rhythms), ''Saman'' (sounds), ''Yajna'' (sacrifices), and the ''atman'' (Self, deepest level of consciousness). In the Puranas, states Williams, Garuda becomes a literal embodiment of the idea, and the Self who attached to and inseparable from the Supreme Self (Vishnu).<ref name="Williams2008p138"/><ref name="Dyczkowski1988p40">{{cite book|author=Mark S. G. Dyczkowski|title=The Canon of the Saivagama and the Kubjika: Tantras of the Western Kaula Tradition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qoZIJMGo4W0C&pg=PA40|year=1988|publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0-88706-494-4|pages=40–41|access-date=6 January 2018|archive-date=6 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230706205929/https://books.google.com/books?id=qoZIJMGo4W0C&pg=PA40|url-status=live}}</ref> Though Garuda is an essential part of the [[Vaishnavism]], he also features prominently in [[Shaivism]], Shaiva texts such as the ''Garuda Tantra'' and ''Kirana Tantra'', and Shiva temples as a bird and as a metaphor of ''atman''.<ref name="Dyczkowski1988p40"/><ref name="Heehs2002p195">{{cite book|author=Peter Heehs|title=Indian Religions: A Historical Reader of Spiritual Expression and Experience|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jgsu-aIm3ncC&pg=PA195|year=2002|publisher=New York University Press|isbn=978-0-8147-3650-0|pages=195–196|access-date=6 January 2018|archive-date=6 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230706205930/https://books.google.com/books?id=Jgsu-aIm3ncC&pg=PA195|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Dominic Goodall|title=Hindu Scriptures|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EKUteclXOK8C&pg=PA341|year=2001|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|isbn=978-81-208-1770-8|pages=341–358|access-date=6 January 2018|archive-date=6 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230706210430/https://books.google.com/books?id=EKUteclXOK8C&pg=PA341|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Iconography===
[[File:Bharhut portable Garuda pillar.jpg|thumb|upright|Relief depicting a portable Garuda pillar, one of the oldest images of Garuda, [[Bharhut]], 100 BCE.<ref>Gupta, The Roots of Indian Art, 1980, p.29</ref>]]
The Hindu texts on Garuda iconography vary in their details. If in the bird form, he is eagle-like, typically with the wings slightly open as if ready and willing to fly wherever he needs to.<ref name=rao285/> In part human-form, he may have an eagle-like nose, beak or legs, his eyes are open and big, his body is the color of emerald, and his wings are golden-yellow. He may be shown with either two or four hands.<ref name=rao285/> If he is not carrying Vishnu, he holds a jar of ''[[amrita]]'' (immortality nectar) in one hand in the rear and an umbrella in the other, while the front pair of hands are in ''anjali'' ([[namaste]]) posture. If he is carrying Vishnu, the rear hands provide the support for Vishnu's feet.<ref name=rao285/><ref name="Donaldson2001p253">{{cite book|author=Thomas E. Donaldson|title=The iconography of Vaiṣṇava images in Orissa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2BvqAAAAMAAJ|year=2001|publisher=DK Printworld|pages=253–259|isbn=978-81-246-0173-0|access-date=7 January 2018|archive-date=6 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230706210432/https://books.google.com/books?id=2BvqAAAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref>

According to the text ''Silparatna'', states Rao, Garuda is best depicted with only two hands and with four bands of colours: "golden yellow colour from feet to knees, white from knees to the navel, scarlet from navel to neck, and black above the neck". His hands, recommends the text, should be in ''abhaya'' (nothing to fear) posture.<ref name=rao285/> In ''Sritatvanidhi'' text, the recommended iconography for Garuda is a kneeling figure, who wears one or more serpents, pointed bird-beak like nose, his two hands in ''namaste'' posture. This style is commonly found in Hindu temples dedicated to Vishnu.<ref name=rao285/>

In some iconography, Garuda carries Vishnu and his two consorts by his side: [[Lakshmi|Sridevi]] and [[Bhumi (goddess)|Bhudevi]].<ref name="Dalal2010p123">{{cite book |author=Roshen Dalal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pNmfdAKFpkQC |title=The Religions of India: A Concise Guide to Nine Major Faiths |publisher=Penguin Books |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-14-341517-6 |page=123 |access-date=8 January 2018 |archive-date=6 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230706210439/https://books.google.com/books?id=pNmfdAKFpkQC |url-status=live }}</ref>

Garuda iconography is found in early temples of India, such as on the underside of the [[eave]] at Cave 3 entrance of the [[Badami cave temples]] (6th-century).<ref name=rao285/><ref>{{cite book|author=George Michell|title=Badami, Aihole, Pattadakal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zzTcoQEACAAJ| year=2015|publisher= Jaico Publishing|isbn=978-81-8495-600-9|pages=49–52}}</ref>

===Beliefs===
[[File:Garuda image facing Chennakeshava temple at Belur with gopura (entrance tower) in the background.jpg|thumb|upright=1.0 |left|Garuda is found in Vishnu temples; above: in [[Belur, Karnataka]]]]
Garuda's mythology is linked to that of [[Aruṇa|Aruna]], the charioteer of the Hindu sun god [[Surya]]. Both Aruna and Garuda developed from an egg. According to one version related by George Williams, Kashyapa Prajapati's two wives [[Vinata]] and [[Kadru]] wanted to have children, and [[Kashyapa]] granted each of them a boon.<ref name="Williams2008p62"/> Kadru asked for one thousand [[Nāga]] sons, while Vinata asked for just two, but each an equal to all of Kadru's thousand sons. Kashyapa blessed them, and then retreated to a forest to meditate. Later, Kadru gave birth to one thousand eggs, while Vinata gave birth to two eggs. After incubating them for five hundred years, Kadru's eggs hatched and out came her 1,000 sons. Vinata, eager for her own sons, impatiently broke one of her eggs. From this egg emerged the partially formed Aruna, looking radiant and reddish as the morning sun, but not as bright as the midday sun as he was promised to be.<ref name="Williams2008p62">{{cite book|author=George M. Williams|title=Handbook of Hindu Mythology |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N7LOZfwCDpEC |year=2008|publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-533261-2|pages=62–63}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=India through the ages|url=https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada|last=Gopal|first=Madan|year= 1990| page= [https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada/page/70 70]|editor=K.S. Gautam|publisher=Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India}}</ref> Aruna chided his mother Vinata for her impatience, and warned her to not break open the second egg, cursing her to be a slave until his brother rescued her. Aruna then left to become the charioteer of Surya, the sun god.

[[File:Garuda Wishnu Bali.JPG|thumb|upright|[[Bali]]nese wooden statue of Vishnu riding Garuda, [[Purna Bhakti Pertiwi Museum]], [[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]].]]
Vinata waited, and after many years, the second egg hatched and Garuda was born. After losing a bet to Kadru through trickery, Vinata was forced to become her slave. Garuda later asked his brothers to free his mother from her slavery, to which they demanded Amrita from heaven. Garuda waged a war against gods with his extraordinary might and abilities, and defeated all of them, including [[Indra]]. He then took Indra's nectar vessel and flew back to earth. Vishnu then came to Garuda, and asked him to be his ride, to which he agreed. Indra requested that Garuda not give the [[Amrita]] to the [[Nāga|Nagas]] though, as it would bring great trouble later, so they forged a plan. Upon reaching his brothers Garuda placed the vessel before them, and asked them to first purify themselves before drinking. Meanwhile, [[Jayanta]] (the son of Indra) stole the vessel back. On returning, the nagas were all devoured by Garuda.<ref name="Williams2008p62"/><ref name="K2012">{{cite book|author=Ashok, Banker K|title=Forest of Stories|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3sQqQQhe5aQC|pages=173–175|access-date=6 March 2013|year= 2012|publisher= Westland|isbn=978-93-81626-37-5}}</ref>

Some myths present Garuda as so massive that he can block out the [[sun]].<ref>{{cite book | title = Mythical Creatures Bible | author = Brenda Rosen | publisher = Godsfield Press | year = 2010 | isbn = 978-1-4027-6536-0 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=mI0vKhZXJqwC&pg=PA158 | page = 158 | access-date = 16 August 2019 | archive-date = 6 July 2023 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230706210439/https://books.google.com/books?id=mI0vKhZXJqwC&pg=PA158 | url-status = live }}</ref> The text ''[[Garuda Purana]]'' is named after him.<ref>{{cite book|author=Ludo Rocher|title=The Purāṇas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n0-4RJh5FgoC|year=1986|publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag|isbn=978-3-447-02522-5|pages=175–177|access-date=9 January 2018|archive-date=6 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230706210440/https://books.google.com/books?id=n0-4RJh5FgoC|url-status=live}}</ref>

Garuda is presented in the Mahabharata as one who eats snake meat, such as the story about him planning to kill and eat Sumukha snake, where [[Indra]] intervenes. Garuda in anger, vaunt about his feats and compares himself to Indra's equal. Vishnu teaches a lesson to Garuda and cured his pride on might.<ref name="Buitenen1973p167">{{cite book|author=Johannes Adrianus Bernardus Buitenen|title=The Mahabharata, Volume 3 (Book 4: The Book of the Virata; Book 5: The Book of the Effort)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wFtXBGNn0aUC&pg=PA167|year=1973|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-84665-1|pages=167–168, 389–393|access-date=7 January 2018|archive-date=6 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230706210432/https://books.google.com/books?id=wFtXBGNn0aUC&pg=PA167|url-status=live}}</ref> Garudas are also a race of birds who devour snakes in the epic.<ref name="Buitenen1973p167"/>

The ''[[Suparṇākhyāna]]'', a late [[Vedic period]] poem considered to be among the "earliest traces of epic poetry in India," relates the legend of Garuda, and provides the basis for a later, expanded version which appears within the ''[[Mahabharata|Mahābhārata]]''.<ref name="Winternitz1996">{{cite book|author=Moriz Winternitz|title=A History of Indian Literature, Volume 1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JRfuJFRV_O8C&pg=PA292|year=1996|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|isbn=978-81-208-0264-3|pages=291–292|access-date=22 November 2018|archive-date=6 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230706210944/https://books.google.com/books?id=JRfuJFRV_O8C&pg=PA292|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Vogel1995">{{cite book|author=Jean Philippe Vogel|title=Indian Serpent-lore: Or, The Nāgas in Hindu Legend and Art|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=caskYEbIQDoC&pg=PA53|year=1995|publisher=Asian Educational Services|isbn=978-81-206-1071-2|pages=53–54|access-date=22 November 2018|archive-date=6 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230706210945/https://books.google.com/books?id=caskYEbIQDoC&pg=PA53|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Symbolism===
[[File:Gilt bronze Garuda.jpg|thumb|150px|19th century gilt bronze Garuda.]]
Garuda's links to Vishnu – the Hindu god who fights injustice and destroys evil in his various [[avatar]]s to preserve [[dharma]] – have made him an iconic symbol of kings' duty and power, an insignia of royalty or dharma. His eagle-like form is shown either alone or with Vishnu, signifying divine approval of the power of the state.<ref name="Williams2008p138"/> He is found on the faces of many early Hindu kingdom coins with this symbolism, either as a single-headed bird or a three-headed bird that watches all sides.<ref name="Bajpai2004p19">{{cite book|author=K. D. Bajpai|title=Indian Numismatic Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=chGrJUMarHoC|date=October 2004|publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=978-81-7017-035-8|pages=19–24, 84–85, 120–124, 148–149|access-date=7 January 2018|archive-date=6 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230706210945/https://books.google.com/books?id=chGrJUMarHoC|url-status=live}}</ref>

Throughout the Mahabharata, Garuda is invoked as a symbol of impetuous violent force, speed, and martial prowess. Powerful warriors advancing rapidly on doomed foes are likened to Garuda swooping down on a serpent. Defeated warriors are like snakes beaten down by Garuda. The Mahabharata character [[Drona]] uses a military formation named after Garuda. [[Krishna]] carries the image of Garuda on his banner.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VW6fDwAAQBAJ&dq=Krishna+Garuda+banner&pg=PA338 |title=Krishna's Lineage: The Harivamsha of Vyasa's Mahabharata |date=2 July 2019 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-027920-2 |pages=338 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Temples ===
{{Expand section|date=August 2024}}
Though Garuda stautues and iconography can be seen in many Vishnu temples, there are very few temples dedicated to Garuda as a deity in India.

==== Vellamassery Garuda Temple, [[Triprangode]], [[Tirur]], [[Malappuram district|Malappuram]], [[Kerala]] ====
A 1800 year old ancient [[kavu]] dedicated to Garuda, it is famous in the state for the alleviation of 'sarpa dosham'. Nearby the main temple is a rare subsidiary shrine dedicated to the [[Kurma]] avatar of Lord Vishnu.

==== Chemmanadu Sri Krishna Garuda Mahavishnu Temple, [[Thiruvaniyoor|Tiruvaniyoor]], [[Ernakulam district|Ernakulam]], Kerala ====
This temple was believed to have been constructed after Garuda himself manifested in eagle form in front of the devotees during the consecration ceremony. Lord Vishnu is present in his [[Mohini]] ''swaroopam'' in this temple, adding to its rarity.

==== Garuda Swamy Temple, Koladevi, [[Mulabagilu|Mulbagal]], [[Kolar district|Kolar]], [[Karnataka]] ====

==Buddhism==
[[File:Garuda vanquishing the Naga clan. Gandhara. Met.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Garuda vanquishing the [[nāga|Naga]] clan, a [[Gandhara]] artwork, second century CE.]]
Garuda, also referred to as ''Garula'', are golden-winged birds in Buddhist texts. Under the [[Saṃsāra (Buddhism)|Buddhist concept]] of ''[[saṃsāra]]'', they are one of the [[Eight Legions|Aṣṭagatyaḥ]], the eight classes of inhuman beings. In Buddhist art, they are shown as sitting and listening to the sermons of the Buddha.<ref name="Lopez314"/> They are enemies of the [[Nāgas]] (snakes) and are sometimes depicted with a serpent held between their claws. Like the Hindu art, both zoomorphic (giant eagle-like bird) and partially anthropomorphic (part bird, part human) iconography is common across Buddhist traditions.<ref name="Lopez314"/>

[[File:Garuda (Koh Ker style).jpg|thumbnail|upright|Garuda ({{langx|km|គ្រុឌ}}, {{lang|km-Latn|Krŭd}}) in [[Koh Ker]] style. Made of sandstone, this statue is from the first half of tenth century, ([[Angkor|Angkor period]]). On display at the [[National Museum of Cambodia]].]]
In [[Buddhist mythology|Buddhism]], the Garuda (Sanskrit; [[Pāli]]: {{IAST|garuḷā}}) are enormous predatory birds with a wingspan of 330 [[yojana]]s.<ref name="Lopez314"/> They are described as beings with intelligence and social organisation. They are also sometimes known as {{IAST|suparṇa}} (Sanskrit; Pāli: {{IAST|supaṇṇa}}), meaning "well-winged, having good wings". Like the [[Nāgas]], they combine the characteristics of animals and divine beings, and may be considered to be among the lowest of the [[Deva (Buddhism)|devas]].<ref name="Lopez314"/> The Garudas have kings and cities, and at least some of them have the magical power of changing into human form when they wish to have dealings with people. On some occasions Garuda kings have had romances with human women in this form. Their dwellings are in groves of the ''simbalī'', or [[Bombax ceiba|silk-cotton tree]].

Jataka stories describe them to be residents of Nagadipa or Seruma.<ref name="Lopez314"/>

The Garuda are enemies to the [[Naga (mythology)|nāga]], a race of intelligent serpent- or dragon-like beings, whom they hunt. The Garudas at one time caught the nāgas by seizing them by their heads; but the nāgas learned that by swallowing large stones, they could make themselves too heavy to be carried by the Garudas, wearing them out and killing them from exhaustion. This secret was divulged to one of the Garudas by the ascetic Karambiya, who taught him how to seize a nāga by the tail and force him to vomit up his stone (Pandara Jātaka, J.518).

The Garudas were among the beings appointed by [[Śakra (Buddhism)|Śakra]] to guard Mount [[Sumeru]] and the [[Trayastrimsa|{{IAST|Trāyastriṃśa}}]] heaven from the attacks of the [[Asura (Buddhism)|asuras]].

[[File:Garuda_Thap_Mam_13th_c.jpg|thumb|upright|left|13th century [[Art of Champa|Cham]] sculpture depicts Garuda devouring a [[Naga (mythology)|nāga]] serpent.]]
In the Maha-samaya Sutta (Digha Nikaya 20), the [[Gautama Buddha|Buddha]] is shown making temporary peace between the Nagas and the Garudas.

In the [[Qing dynasty]] fiction ''[[Yue Fei#The Story of Yue Fei|The Story of Yue Fei]]'' (1684), Garuda sits at the head of the Buddha's throne. But when a celestial bat (an embodiment of the [[Aquarius (constellation)|Aquarius constellation]]) flatulates during the Buddha's expounding of the [[Lotus Sutra]], Garuda kills her and is exiled from paradise. He is later reborn as [[Song dynasty]] General [[Yue Fei]]. The bat is reborn as Lady Wang, wife of the [[Hanjian|traitor]] Prime Minister [[Qin Hui (Song dynasty)|Qin Hui]], and is instrumental in formulating the "Eastern Window" plot that leads to Yue's eventual political execution.<ref>{{cite book|last=Hsia|first=C.T.|title=C. T. Hsia on Chinese Literature|publisher=Columbia University Press|year=2004|isbn=0-231-12990-4|page=154}}</ref> ''The Story of Yue Fei'' plays on the legendary animosity between Garuda and the Nagas when the celestial bird-born Yue Fei defeats a magic serpent who transforms into the unearthly spear he uses throughout his military career.<ref>{{cite book|last=Hsia|first=C.T.|title=C. T. Hsia on Chinese Literature|publisher=Columbia University Press|year=2004|isbn=0-231-12990-4|page=149}}</ref> Literary critic [[C. T. Hsia]] explains the reason why Qian Cai, the book's author, linked Yue with Garuda is because of the homology in their Chinese names. Yue Fei's [[courtesy name]] is Pengju ({{lang|zh|鵬舉}}).<ref name=hsia>{{cite book|last=Hsia|first=C.T.|title=C. T. Hsia on Chinese Literature|publisher=Columbia University Press|year=2004|isbn=0-231-12990-4|pages=149, 488, n.30}}</ref> A [[Peng (mythology)|Peng]] ({{lang|zh|鵬}}) is a giant mythological bird likened to the Middle Eastern [[Roc (mythology)|roc]].<ref>Chau, Ju-Kua, Friedrich Hirth, and W.W. Rockhill. ''Chau Ju-Kua: His Work on the Chinese and Arab Trade in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries, entitled Chu-Fan-Chi''. St. Petersburg: Printing Office of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, 1911, p. 149, n. 1</ref> Garuda's Chinese name is Great Peng, the Golden-Winged Illumination King ({{lang|zh|大鵬金翅明王}}).<ref name=hsia/>

==Jainism==
{{expand section|date=January 2018}}
The Garuda is a [[yaksha]] or guardian for [[Shantinatha]] in Jain iconography and mythology.<ref name="Dalal2010p145"/><ref name="Glasenapp1999p532"/> Jain iconography shows Garuda as a human figure with wings and a strand-circle.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2K83AAAAIAAJ|title=Studies in South Asian Culture|publisher=Universiteit van Amsterdam. Institute of South Asian Archaeology|page=24}}</ref>

==As a cultural and national symbol==
[[File:Garuda by Ida Made Tlaga 19th c.jpg|thumb|upright|right|Garuda according to Ida Made Tlaga, a 19th-century [[Bali]]nese artist.]]
In India and the rest of [[Southeast Asia]] the eagle symbolism is represented by Garuda, a large bird with eagle-like features that appears in both Hindu and Buddhist epic as the [[vahana]] (vehicle) of the god [[Vishnu]]. Garuda became the national [[emblem of Thailand]] and [[Garuda Pancasila|Indonesia]]; [[Thailand]]'s Garuda is rendered in a more traditional anthropomorphic style, while that of [[Indonesia]] is rendered in heraldic style with traits similar to the real [[Javan hawk-eagle]].

===Cambodia===
[[File:Cambodge Banteay Srei Temple (2).jpg|thumb|250px|right|Garuda guardian sculptures ''(two on right side)'', [[Banteay Srei]] temple, [[Cambodia]].]]
The word Garuda ({{langx|km|គ្រុឌ}} – " ''Krud'' ") is literally derived from Sanskrit.<ref>Khmer dictionary of Buddhist institute of Cambodia, published in 1967.</ref>

* In Cambodia, Khmer architects have used the Garuda sculptures as the exquisite ornate to equip on temples, [[Vihara]]s of [[wat]] and many elite houses since ancient time, especially from [[Khmer empire]] era until nowadays. 
* Garuda is also mentioned in many legendary tales as the vehicle of [[Vishnu]] and its main rival is [[Nāga|Naga]].

=== China ===
*In China, Garuda (Chinese: {{lang|ja|迦楼羅}} Jiālóuluó) is considered one of the [[Eight Legions|Eight Legions of Devas and Nāgas]]. Another Chinese name for Garuda is [[Golden Winged Great Peng|Great Peng]], the Golden-Winged Illumination King ({{lang|zh|大鵬金翅明王}})
* In some temples in the [[Zhongyuan|Central Plains]], Garuda is also considered to be a manifestation of [[Avalokiteśvara|Avalokitesvara]], the [[Guanyin|Bodhisattva Guanyin]].

===India===
[[File:Garuda emblem.png|thumb|upright=1.2|{{center|Garuda emblem of the [[Gupta Empire]].}}]]
India primarily uses Garuda as a martial motif:

* Royal insignia (''Garudadhvaja'') of the [[Gupta Empire]]. 
* [[Garud Commando Force]] is a [[special forces]] unit of the [[Indian Air Force]], specialising in operations deep behind enemy lines.<ref>{{cite news | title = Here's everything you need to know about Indian Air Force's elite Garud Commandos #Pathankotattacks | newspaper = India Times | date = 4 January 2016 | author = Abhishek Saksena | url = http://www.indiatimes.com/culture/who-we-are/here-s-everything-you-need-to-know-about-indian-air-force-s-elite-garud-commandos-pathankotattacks-249057.html | access-date = 25 August 2017 | archive-date = 25 August 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170825191743/http://www.indiatimes.com/culture/who-we-are/here-s-everything-you-need-to-know-about-indian-air-force-s-elite-garud-commandos-pathankotattacks-249057.html | url-status = live }}</ref>
* [[Brigade of the Guards]] of the [[Indian Army]] uses Garuda as their symbol
* [[The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India]] (ICAI) uses Garuda as their logo<ref>{{cite web |title=ICAI unveils new logo to commemorate the start of its 75th year |url=https://news.caclubindia.com/icai-unveils-new-logo-to-commemorate-the-start-of-its-75th-year-22382.asp#:~:text=The%20logo%20features%20a%20modern,of%20the%20chartered%20accounting%20profession |website=CAclubindia |access-date=16 July 2023 |date=30 June 2023}}</ref>
* Elite bodyguards of the medieval [[Hoysala]] kings were called Garudas
* [[Kerala]] and [[Andhra Pradesh]] state road transport corporations use Garuda as the name for a/c mofussil buses
* Garuda rock, a rocky cliff in [[Tirumala]] in [[Andhra Pradesh]]
* The insignia of the 13th century [[Aragalur]] chief, Magadesan, included [[Rishabha (Hinduism)|Rishabha]] the sacred bull and the Garud
* Indian [[Hindi]]-language TV serial ''[[Dharm Yoddha Garud]]'', based on the life of Garuda<ref>{{cite news |title=Dharam Yoddha Garud: 5 things you didn't know about Garud |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/dharam-yoddha-garud-5-things-you-didnt-know-about-garud/articleshow/89963784.cms |access-date=12 May 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=3 March 2022 |language=en |archive-date=21 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321145107/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/dharam-yoddha-garud-5-things-you-didnt-know-about-garud/articleshow/89963784.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

'''As an art form'''
* [[Garudan Thookkam|Garudan Thookam]], a temple dance primarily found in Central Kerala districts, where dancers dress as Garuda, and dance in praise of [[Kali|Goddess Kali]].

===Indonesia===
{{see also|Javan hawk-eagle|Brahminy kite}}
{{Commons category|Garuda in Indonesia}}
[[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Groep Balinese danseressen met op de voorgrond een man verkleed als de legendarische vogel Garoeda TMnr 10004672.jpg|thumb|Balinese dancers including a man dressed as Garuda (1935).]]
[[Image:Coat of Arms of Indonesia Garuda Pancasila.svg|thumb|The [[national emblem of Indonesia]], which uses a Garuda.]]
[[Indonesia]] uses the Garuda in a form called the ''[[National emblem of Indonesia|Garuda Pancasila]]'' as its [[Coat of arms of Indonesia|national symbol]]. The Garuda Pancasila is coloured black or [[Gilding|gilded]], symbolising both the greatness of the nation and the ''elang Jawa'' ([[Javan hawk-eagle]] ''Nisaetus bartelsi''). The black color represents nature. There are 17 feathers on each wing, 8 on the lower tail, 19 on the upper tail and 45 on the neck, which together make up the date 17 August 1945, when [[Proclamation of Indonesian Independence|Indonesia proclaimed its independence]]. The shield it carries bears the [[motto]] ''[[Pancasila (politics)|Panca Sila]]'', which symbolises self-defense and protection in struggle.<ref name="embassyofindonesia.org"/>

* [[Garuda Indonesia]] - national [[airline]] of Indonesia
* [[Garuda Contingent]] - [[UN Peacekeeping|peacekeeping]] force of the [[Indonesian National Armed Forces]] 
* [[Airlangga University]], one of the oldest and leading university in Indonesia uses Garuda on its emblem. The emblem, containing a Garuda in a blue and yellow circle, is called "Garudamukha", and depicts Garuda as the bearer of knowledge, carrying a jug of ''[[Amrita]]'', the water of eternity, symbolising eternal knowledge.
* In [[Bali]] and [[Java]], the Garuda has become a cultural symbol. The wooden statue and mask of Garuda is a popular feature in artworks and souvenirs.{{citation needed |date=July 2019}}
** The tallest Garuda statue, made of copper and brass standing {{convert|75|m|ft|1}} tall (or 122 metres tall including the pedestal), is located in [[Garuda Wisnu Kencana]] complex in [[Bali]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Bali The Garuda Wisnu statue is set to become second tallest statue in the world |url=https://www.architecturaldigest.in/content/bali-garuda-wisnu-statue/ |website=Architecture & Design |date=29 July 2018 |access-date=8 March 2020 |archive-date=24 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024183817/https://www.architecturaldigest.in/content/bali-garuda-wisnu-statue/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* The stylised brush stroke that resembles Garuda appears in [[2011 Southeast Asian Games#Logo|the logo of 2011 Southeast Asian Games]], held in [[Palembang]] and [[Jakarta]], Indonesia.
* The stylised curves that took the form of Garuda Pancasila appears in the logo of [[Tourism in Indonesia#Branding|Wonderful Indonesia tourism campaign]].

===Japan===
[[File:Karura of Kofukuji.jpg|thumb|upright|Wingless statue of Garuda or [[Karura]] in [[Kofukuji]] Temple, [[Nara, Nara|Nara]], Japan, eighth century.]]
* The [[Karura]] ({{lang|ja|迦楼羅}}) is a divine creature with human torso and birdlike head in Japanese Hindu-Buddhist epics.<ref>{{cite web | title = Karura 迦楼羅, Karura-Ō 迦楼羅王 (Skt. = Garuda) Bird of Life, Celestial Eagle, Half Bird Half Man | work = Japanese Buddhist Statuary | url = http://www.onmarkproductions.com/html/karura.shtml | access-date = 25 August 2017 | archive-date = 18 August 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170818050413/http://www.onmarkproductions.com/html/karura.shtml | url-status = live }}</ref>
* [[File:Kannon Avatar Garuda.jpg|thumb|Karura (Garuda) as an avatar of the goddess Kannon, fifteenth century.]]The name is a transliteration of Garuda (Sanskrit: {{lang|sa|Garuḍa गरुड}}; Pāli: {{lang|pi|Garuḷa}}) a race of enormously gigantic birds in Hinduism, upon which the Japanese Buddhist version is based. The same creature may go by the name of konjichō ({{lang|ja|金翅鳥}}, lit. "gold-winged bird", Skr. {{lang|sa|suparṇa}}).

===Malaysia===
In the northern Peninsular state of [[Kelantan]], the ''Geroda'' ({{langx|ms|label=[[Jawi alphabet|Jawi]]|{{Script|Arab|ݢرودا}}|italic=unset}}) often appears in stories of ''[[Wayang Kulit]] Kelantan'' as well as becoming the main motif of [[Burung Petala Processions|Burung Petala Indera]] boat-chariot made for special [[Sultan of Kelantan|royal]] processions in the early 20th century.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Mohd Nasrulamiazam Bin Mohd Nasir |title=Pertala Indera Boat : Historical and Cultural Aspects of Bird-Themed Boats in Kelantan, Malaysia |journal=Bulletin of the [[National Museum of Ethnology (Japan)|National Museum of Ethnology]] |date=Dec 2022 |volume=47 |issue=1 |page=39-62 |doi=10.15021/00009962}}</ref>

===Mongolia===
* The Garuda, known as Khangarid, is the symbol of the capital city of [[Mongolia]], [[Ulaanbaatar]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Michael|last=Kohn|title=[[Lonely Planet]] Mongolia (Country Guide)|year=2005|page=52|publisher=Lonely Planet |isbn=1-74059-359-6}}</ref> According to popular Mongolian belief, Khangarid is the mountain spirit of the [[Bogd Khan Uul]] range who became a follower of Buddhist faith. Today he is considered the guardian of that mountain range and a symbol of courage and honesty.
* Khangarid (Хангарьд), a football (soccer) team in the [[Mongolian Premier League|Mongolia Premier League]] also named after Garuda.
* State Garuda (Улсын Гарьд) is a title given to the debut runner up in wrestling tournament during Mongolian National Festival Naadam.

===Myanmar===
* In Burmese epics, which was influenced by Hindu-Buddhist beliefs, Garuda is known as [[Mythical creatures in Burmese folklore|Galone]], the nemesis of the [[Nāgas]].<ref>{{cite book | title = The Return of the Galon King: History, Law, and Rebellion in Colonial Burma | author = Maitrii Aung-Thwin | publisher = NUS Press | year = 2011 | isbn = 978-9971-69-509-5 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=U37wBgAAQBAJ&q=Galon+Burmese+Garuda&pg=PA122 | page = 122 | access-date = 31 October 2020 | archive-date = 6 July 2023 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230706211045/https://books.google.com/books?id=U37wBgAAQBAJ&q=Galon+Burmese+Garuda&pg=PA122 | url-status = live }}</ref>
*The Garuda symbolises [[Sunday]] in the [[Burmese zodiac]], which is based on the days of the week.

===Nepal===
{{Commons category|Garuda in Nepal}}
* Garuda is found in Nepalese traditions of Hinduism and Buddhism.
* The first sounding rocket of Nepal is named Garuda.
* The central bank, [[Nepal Rastra Bank]] uses Garuda in their official logo.
* Ancient palaces in Kathmandu Valley use statue of Garuda at their gates.

[[File:Bhaktapur - Golden gate - C360 2015-07-05-14-06-53-267.jpg|thumb|upright|right|Sun Dhoka Golden Gate with the Goddess Taleju Bhawani<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mahavidya.ca/2015/03/03/taleju-bhavani-and-kumari-worship|title=Taleju Bhawani and Kumari (goddess) worship|date=3 March 2015|last=Rodrigues|first=Hillary|access-date=8 October 2019|archive-date=8 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191008082328/http://www.mahavidya.ca/2015/03/03/taleju-bhavani-and-kumari-worship/|url-status=live}}</ref> and Garuda, leading to the Royal Palace, [[Durbar Square]], [[UNESCO World Heritage Site]], [[Bhaktapur]], [[Nepal]].]]

===Philippines===
* in [[Luzon]] Mythology, Garuda or Galurâ (in [[Kapampangan language|Kapampangan]]) is a winged assistant of [[Maria Sinukuan|Apúng Sinukuan (Mariang Sinukuan)]], he is represented by a giant eagle and believed to be the bringer of storms.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://arayat2012.tripod.com/maria.htm|title=The Legend of Maria Sinukuan|access-date=16 July 2010|archive-date=28 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100228162856/http://arayat2012.tripod.com/maria.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url = https://www.academia.edu/11314629|title = Myths and Legends of Pinatubo and Arayat |website=Academia |last1 = Manansala|first1 = Paul|access-date = 8 January 2022|archive-date = 8 January 2022|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220108103421/https://www.academia.edu/11314629|url-status = live}}</ref>
* The [[Maranao people]] of southern Philippines believe in a race of creatures called ''garuda'' who dwell beneath the sea. These beings are winged, have big teeth, and huge talons that can carry six men. They look like eagles when flying in the sky but transform into humans when in their lairs.<ref>{{cite web| title = A Compendium of Creatures & Mythical Beings from Philippine Folklore & Mythology| work = The Aswang Project| date = 22 February 2016| url = https://www.aswangproject.com/creatures-mythical-beings-philippine-folklore-mythology/| access-date = 19 April 2019| archive-date = 27 March 2019| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190327145840/https://www.aswangproject.com/creatures-mythical-beings-philippine-folklore-mythology/| url-status = live}}</ref>
* Artifacts from the [[Tabon Caves]] in the island of [[Palawan]], is an image of Garuda, the bird who is the mount of Vishnu. The discovery of sophisticated Hindu imagery in gold.<ref>Anna T. N. Bennett (2009), Gold in early Southeast Asia, ArcheoSciences, Volume 33, pp 99–107</ref>

===Suriname===
* In [[Suriname]], there is a radio and TV station called Radio en Televisie Garuda, which broadcasts programming from [[Indonesia]], particularly [[Java]], aimed at the [[Javanese Surinamese]] population.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://rtv-garudasuriname.com/ |title=Garuda Radio & TV Suriname, het eerste Javaanse medium na 105 jaar Javaanse Immigratie in Suriname. |website= |publisher=Garuda Radio & TV |access-date=12 January 2022 |archive-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117040412/https://rtv-garudasuriname.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Thailand===
{{Commons category|Garuda in Thailand}}
[[File:Bangkok Royal Barge National Museum 2.jpg|thumb|upright|Garuda as the masthead of Thai royal barge.]]
[[Thailand]] uses the Garuda ({{langx|th|ครุฑ, khrut}}) as [[Emblem of Thailand|its national symbol]], known as the ''Phra Khrut Pha'', meaning "Garuda, the vehicle (of Vishnu)," also used as the symbol of royalty.<ref>{{cite web| title = Thailand Information| work = Royal Embassy of Thailand in Doha, Qatar| url = http://www.thaiembassy.org/doha/en/relation| access-date = 25 August 2017| archive-date = 25 August 2017| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170825194026/http://www.thaiembassy.org/doha/en/relation| url-status = live}}</ref> It adorns the banknote of their currency - the Baht - as well.<ref name="Garuda̠-Thai-Currency">{{cite web | title = Garuda: a symbol on Thai currency | work = emuseum.treasury.go.th | url = http://emuseum.treasury.go.th/articles-en/537-garuda-coin.html | access-date = 25 August 2017 | archive-date = 24 March 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190324085902/http://emuseum.treasury.go.th/articles-en/537-garuda-coin.html }}</ref>
* Almost all official documents issued by the government or monarchy bear the Garuda at the top, from royal commandments to land deeds and court orders. The Kingdom of Siam has had an image of Garuda in its coins since at least the [[Ayutthaya era]].<ref name="Garuda̠-Thai-Currency" />
* Statues and images of Garuda adorn many Buddhist temples in Thailand. It also has become a cultural symbol of Thailand.
* The figure of Garuda is also installed as the figurehead or masthead of [[Royal Barge Procession|Thai royal barges]].

===United States===
[[File:VAQ-134 Emblem.svg|thumb|180px]]
The Electronic Attack Squadron 134 ([[VAQ-134]]) of the [[United States Navy]] is named after and uses the Garuda Insignia.

==Gallery==
;Insignia
<gallery>
File:Brigade of the Guards Insignia (India).svg|Garuda as the badge of [[Brigade of the Guards]] of [[India]]
File:Garuda emblem.png|Garuda emblem of the [[Gupta Empire]].
File:Coat of Arms of Indonesia Garuda Pancasila.svg|Garuda as [[National emblem of Indonesia|national symbol]] of [[Indonesia]]
File:Garuda Emblem of Thailand.svg|Garuda as [[Emblem of Thailand|national symbol]] of [[Thailand]]
File:Coat of arms of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.svg|Garuda (''Khangardi'') as the symbol of [[Ulaanbaatar]], [[Mongolia]]
</gallery>
;Coins
<gallery>
File:Skandagupta Kramaditya Circa 455-467 CE.jpg|5th-century Gupta-era coin, Garuda with snakes in his claws
File:Coin of Prasannamatra of the Sarabhapuriyas in Kosala Circa 525-550.jpg|6th century coin with Garuda and Vishnu's chakra and conch on side
File:Garuda 4 Pe - Scott Semans 02.jpg|A Cambodian coin during French Protection period 1853
Copper Jital coin of the Vijayanagar Empire, struck during the reign of Krishnadevaraya.jpg|Copper Jital coin of the [[Vijayanagar Empire]], struck during the reign of [[Krishnadevaraya]], having the Garuda motif on obverse
</gallery>
;Temples
<gallery>
File:Garuda Idol - Radha Krishna Temple Complex - Sabarna Roy Choudhury Estate - Barisha - Kolkata 2012-10-23 1118.JPG|Garuda iconography at a Radha Krishna Temple in Kolkata.
File:8th century Durga Surya temple Vishnu riding his Garuda vahana, Aihole Hindu temples monuments.jpg|8th century Garuda carrying Vishnu in [[Aihole]], Karnataka, India
File:Airlangga.jpg|King [[Airlangga]] depicted as [[Vishnu]] mounting Garuda, 11th century [[East Java]], Indonesia
File:Ornate Garuda Thap Mam.jpg|12th century [[Art of Champa|Cham]] sculpture, Viet Nam, in the Thap Mam style depicts Garuda serving as an [[atlas (architecture)|atlas]]
File:Garudas in the bot of the Wat Phra Kaew.jpg|The statues of Krut battling naga serpent, a [[Thai Buddhist]] adaptation of Garuda in [[Wat Phra Kaeo]] temple, Thailand.
File:Vishnu on Garuda det.jpg|12th century [[bas relief]] at [[Angkor Wat]] in [[Cambodia]] showing [[Vishnu]] in battle mounted on Garuda
File:WLA haa Head of a Garuda Khmer.jpg|Head of a Garuda during the 14th century Cambodia, [[Honolulu Museum of Art]]
File:Srivilliputtur15, a part.JPG|Garuda at [[Srivilliputhur Andal temple]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
File:Statue of garuda.JPG|Garuda pillar, [[Nepal]]
File:2005 02242010Kathnandu10022.JPG|Garuda at Durbar square in Kathmandu, Nepal.
File:Garuda at the funeral of Bhumibol Adulyadej.jpg|Garuda at the funeral of King [[Bhumibol Adulyadej]] of Thailand in 2017 
</gallery>
;Artworks
<gallery>
File:--Garuda-- figure, gilt bronze, --Khmer Empire--, 12th-13th century, --John Young Museum--, --University of Hawaii at Manoa--.jpg|Garuda figure, gilt bronze, [[Khmer Empire]] Cambodia, 12th-13th century, [[John Young Museum]], [[University of Hawaii at Manoa]]
File:Garuda returning with the vase of Amrita.jpg|Garuda returning with the vase of Amrita
File:Balinese garuda.jpg|Balinese Garuda statue at [[Ngurah Rai Airport]], [[Bali]], [[Indonesia]]
File:Garuda Vishnu Laxmi.jpg|Garuda carries Vishnu and [[Lakshmi]] 
File:Garuda Raden Sjarif.png|Javanese Garuda according to Raden P. Sjarip, then 4th Regent of [[Malang Regency|Malang]]
</gallery>

==See also==
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Ababil (mythology)|Ababil]]
* [[Fenghuang]]
* [[Garid]]
* [[Khmer architecture#Garuda|Garuda in the architecture of Cambodia]]
*[[Garuda Dandaka]] 
* [[Garuda Linux]]
* [[Garuda Purana]]
* [[Garudasana]]
* [[Harpy]]
* [[Kalaviṅka]]
* [[Karura]]
* [[Konrul]]
* [[List of avian humanoids]]
* [[Roc (mythology)|Roc]]
* [[Sarutahiko Ōkami]]
* [[Simurgh]]
* [[Sirin]]
* [[Tengu]]
* [[Thunderbird (mythology)|Thunderbird]]
* [[Turul]]
{{div col end}}

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*[https://archive.org/details/garuapurasroddh00subrgoog The Garuḍa Purana (Sâroddhâra), by Ernest Wood and S.V.Subramanyam, 1918 (Online, downloadable PDF)] [[archive.org]]
*[http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/gpu/index.htm The Garuda Purana (Wood and Subrahmanyam translation, 1911)] at [[sacred-texts.com]]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20150725121006/http://www.veda.harekrsna.cz/encyclopedia/garuda-purana.htm Garuda Purana]

{{HinduMythology}}
{{Heraldic creatures}}
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[[Category:Characters in the Ramayana]]
[[Category:Dharmapalas]]
[[Category:Heraldic birds]]
[[Category:Hindu gods]]
[[Category:Legendary creatures in Hindu mythology]]
[[Category:Legendary birds]]
[[Category:Mythological birds of prey]]
[[Category:Bird deities]]
[[Category:Birds in Buddhism]]
[[Category:Phoenix birds]]
[[Category:Avian humanoids]]