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{{Short description|Lithuanian royal dynasty}}
{{Royal house
|surname=<div class="center" style="line-height:1.5em;">Gediminids</div>
|country=[[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]]
|native_name=
|native_name_lang=
|titles=[[List of rulers of Lithuania|King/Grand Duke of Lithuania]]
|coat of arms=Recueil d'armoiries polonaises - Columns of Gediminas.svg|caption=[[Columns of Gediminas]]|estates=|parent house=[[Palemonids|Palemonid dynasty]]
|styles=
|image_size=175px
|alt=
|founder=[[Gediminas]]|final ruler=[[Sigismund II of Poland]]
|current head=
|founding year=1315 or 1316
|dissolution=
|cadet branches=[[Jagiellonian dynasty]]<br />[[Family of Kęstutis|Kęstutaičiai]]<br />[[Trubetskoy family]]<br />[[House of Golitsyn]]
}}

The '''House of Gediminas''' ({{langx|lt|Gediminaičių dinastija}}), or simply the '''Gediminids''',{{efn|{{langx|lt|Gediminaičiai}}; {{langx|sgs|Gedėmėnātē}}; {{langx|be|Гедзімінавічы|Hyedziminavichy}}; {{langx|pl|Giedyminowicze}}; {{langx|uk|Гедиміновичі|Hedyminovychi}}; {{langx|ru|Гедиминовичи|Gediminovichi}}.}} were a [[dynasty]] of [[monarch]]s in the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]] that reigned from the 14th to the 16th century.<ref name="GediminaiciaiVle">{{cite web |title=Gediminaičiai |url=https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/gediminaiciai/ |website=[[Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija]] |access-date=16 February 2023 |language=lt}}</ref> A [[cadet branch]] of this family, known as the [[Jagiellonian dynasty]], reigned also in the [[Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569)|Kingdom of Poland]], [[Kingdom of Hungary]] and [[Kingdom of Bohemia]].<ref name="JogailaiciaiVle">{{cite web |last1=Kiaupa |first1=Zigmantas |title=Jogailaičiai |url=https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/jogailaiciai/ |website=Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija |access-date=16 February 2023 |language=lt}}</ref> Several other branches ranked among the leading aristocratic dynasties of Poland and Russia into recent times.<ref name="GediminaiciaiVle"/>

[[Gediminas' Cap]] was used during the [[inauguration]]s of Gediminids as [[List of Lithuanian monarchs|Lithuanian monarchs]] in the [[Vilnius Cathedral]] and symbolized the dynasty's continuity.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gudavičius |first1=Edvardas |author-link=Edvardas Gudavičius |title=Gedimino kepurė |trans-title=Gediminas' Cap |url=https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/gedimino-kepure/ |website=Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija |access-date=10 April 2023 |language=lt}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Gudavičius |first1=Edvardas |title=Inauguracija |url=https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/inauguracija/ |website=Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija |access-date=10 April 2023 |language=lt}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Mickūnaitė |first1=Giedrė. |title=Making a great ruler: Grand Duke Vytautas of Lithuania |date=2006 |publisher=Central European University Press |location=Budapest |isbn=9637326588 |page=149 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a5zKQM7eEMgC |access-date=10 April 2023}}</ref>

Their monarchical title in [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] primarily was, by some folkloristic data, ''kunigų kunigas'' ("Duke of Dukes"), and later on, ''didysis kunigas'' ("Great/High Duke") or, in a simple manner, ''karalius or kunigaikštis''.{{Citation needed|reason=Where is no known folklore collections from 14th century|date=June 2020}} In the 18th century, the latter form was changed into [[tautology (rhetoric)|tautological]] ''didysis kunigaikštis'', which nevertheless would be translated as "[[Grand Duke]]" (for its etymology, see [[Grand Prince]]).

==Origin==
The origin of [[Gediminas]] himself is much debated. Some sources say he was [[Vytenis]]' [[Hostler|ostler]], others that he was of peasant stock. Some historians consider him as the son or grandson of Lithuanian or [[Yatvingians|Yatvingian]] King/duke [[Skomantas of Sudovia|Skalmantas]]. Most scholars agree, however, that Gediminas was [[Vytenis]]' brother (the parentage of Vytenis is explained differently in various fake genealogies, compiled from the 16th century onwards; according to the latest Polish research, his parentage cannot be established).<ref>Jan Tęgowski, ''"Pierwsze pokolenia Gedyminowiczów"'', 1999</ref>

==Confirmed Gediminid rulers==
* [[Gediminas]]
* [[Jaunutis]]
* [[Algirdas]]
* [[Jogaila]]
* [[Kęstutis]]
* [[Vytautas]] – King/Grand Duke from 1392 to 1430
* [[Švitrigaila]]
* [[Sigismund Kęstutaitis]]
* [[Casimir IV Jagiellon]]
* [[Alexander Jagiellon]]
* [[Sigismund I the Old]]
* [[Sigismund II Augustus]]

== Branches of the dynasty ==
[[File:Lithuania Rambynas Gedimin columns.jpg|thumb|The Gediminid symbol in Rambynas Hill, Lithuania]]
The [[Eastern Orthodox]] branches of the family were initially [[Ruthenia|Ruthenized]] to some extent. The majority of these families (e.g., [[Czartoryski]]) soon converted to [[Roman Catholicism]] and became [[Polonization|Polonized]]. Others (e. g. the [[House of Golitsyn|Golitsyn]] (Galitzine), [[Kurakin]] and [[Trubetskoy family|Trubetskoy]]) moved to [[Grand Duchy of Moscow|Muscovy]], became thoroughly [[Russification|Russified]] and are among the [[Russian nobility#The princely houses of Russia|princely families of Russia]].

In Poland, some Gediminid families (such as Olelkowicz-Słucki, [[Wiśniowiecki]], Zbaraski) are extinct, but others survive to the present: [[Chowański]], [[Czartoryski]], [[Sanguszko]], [[Siesicki]] (Dowmont-Siesicki, Szeszycki), and [[Koriatowicz-Kurcewicz]].{{citation needed|date=April 2019}}.

The Russian Gediminid families include [[Bulgakov]], [[Golitsin]], [[Kurakin]], [[Khovansky (surname)|Khovansky]], [[Troubetzkoy]], [[Mstislavsky]], [[Gediminid Belsky family|Belsky]], and [[Artemy Petrovich Volynsky|Volynsky]]. Some of these families also survive, as of 2020.{{cn|date=February 2024}}

==Gediminid descendants==
I. The descendants of *Bujwid Vytianis Rex. King Lithuania.
# Dukes Prince of [[Bujwid]]
I. The descendants of [[Narimantas]]:
# Dukes of  {{Interlanguage link multi|Pinsky (nobility)|ru|Пинские|vertical-align=sup}} (faded at the end of the 15th century)
## Dukes of {{Interlanguage link multi|Kurcewicze|pl|Kurcewiczowie|vertical-align=sup}}
### Dukes of {{Interlanguage link multi|Buremscy|pl|Buremscy|vertical-align=sup}}
# Dukes of {{Interlanguage link multi|Patrikeyev (nobility)|ru|Патрикеевы|lt=Patrikeyev|vertical-align=sup}}
## Dukes of {{Interlanguage link multi|Bulgakov (nobility)|ru|Булгаковы_(князья)|vertical-align=sup}}
## Dukes of {{Interlanguage link multi|Kurcewicze|pl|Kurcewicze|vertical-align=sup}}
### Dukes of [[House of Golitsyn|Golitsyn]]
### Dukes of [[Kurakin]]
## Dukes of {{Interlanguage link multi|Schentyatev (nobility)|ru|Щенятевы|vertical-align=sup}}
## Dukes of  {{Interlanguage link multi|Khovansky (nobility)|ru|Хованские|vertical-align=sup}}
# Dukes of [[Korecki family|Korecki]]
##  Dukes of {{Interlanguage link multi|Ruzhinsky (nobility)|ru|Ружинские|vertical-align=sup}}

II. The descendants of [[Algirdas]]:
# Duke [[Andrei of Polotsk]]
## Dukes of {{Interlanguage link multi|Polubinsky (nobility)|ru|Полубинские|vertical-align=sup}}
## Dukes of {{Interlanguage link multi|Lukomsky (nobility)|ru|Лукомские|vertical-align=sup}}
# [[Demetrius I Starshy|Dmitrijus Algirdaitis]]
## Dukes of [[Troubetzkoy|Trubetskoy]] ([[Trubchevsk]])
# {{Interlanguage link multi|Konstantinas Algirdaitis|ru|Константин Чарторыйский|vertical-align=sup}}
## Dukes of [[House of Czartoryski|Czartoryski]]
# [[Vladimir Olgerdovich|Vladimiras Algirdaitis]] 
## [[Olelkovich|Olelkaičiai]] (descendants of [[Aleksandras Olelka]])
### Dukes of {{Interlanguage link multi|Slutsky (nobility)|ru|Слуцкие князья|vertical-align=sup}} (faded at the end of the 16th century)  
## Dukes of [[Belsky family (Gediminid)|Belsky]]
# The descendants of [[Kaributas]]
## Dukes of {{Interlanguage link multi|Zbarazhsky (nobility)|ru|Збаражские|vertical-align=sup}} 
### Dukes of [[House of Wiśniowiecki|Wiśniowiecki]]
### Dukes of {{Interlanguage link multi|Voronetsky (nobility)|ru|Воронецкие|vertical-align=sup}} 
### Dukes of {{Interlanguage link multi|Nesvisky|pl|Nieświccy|vertical-align=sup}}
### Dukes of {{Interlanguage link multi|Porytskie (nobility)|ru|Порецкие|vertical-align=sup}} 
# The descendants of {{Interlanguage link multi|Fiodoras Algirdaitis|ru|Фёдор Ольгердович|vertical-align=sup}} 
## Dukes of {{Interlanguage link multi|Hurkowicze (nobility)|pl|Hurkowicze|vertical-align=sup}}
## Dukes of [[Kobryn]]
## Dukes of [[Sanguszko]]
# The [[Jagiellonian dynasty|Jagiellons]]
# The descendants of [[Lengvenis]]
## Dukes of [[Mstislavsky]]

III. The descendants of [[Kęstutis]]
# Patrikas Kęstutaitis
# [[Vaidotas|Vaidotas Kęstutaitis]]
# [[Butautas|Butautas Kęstutaitis]]
# [[Vytautas|Vytautas the Great]]
# [[Tautvilas Kęstutaitis]]
# [[Sigismund Kęstutaitis|Žygimantas Kęstutaitis]]

IV. The descendants of [[Jaunutis]]:
# Dukes of [[Zaslavsky]]
## Dukes of [[Mstislavsky]]

V. The descendants of [[Liubartas]] (faded in the first half of the 15th century)

VI. {{Interlanguage link multi|Koriatowicz|uk|Коріятовичі|vertical-align=sup}}, descended from [[Karijotas]] 
# Dukes of [[Podilskyi (nobility)]]
# Dukes of {{Interlanguage link multi|Volynsky (nobility)|ru|Волынские|vertical-align=sup}}

==Family tree==
{{Tree chart/start|align=center}}
{{Tree chart | BUT | BUT='''[[Butigeidis|Butegeidis Bujwid]]'''<br />(? – c. 1292)<br />King/G. Duke of Lith., c. 1285 – c. 1292}}
{{Tree chart | |!| }}
{{Tree chart | BUD | BUD='''[[Butvydas|Budvydas-Pukuveras Bujwid]]'''<br />(? – c. 1296)<br />King/G. Duke of Lith., c. 1292 – c. 1296}}
{{Tree chart | |)|-|-|-|.| }}
{{Tree chart | VYT | | GED | VYT='''[[Vytenis|Vytenis Bujwid]]'''<br />(? – 1316)<br />King/G. Duke of Lith., c. 1296–1316 | GED='''[[Gediminas]]'''<br />(c. 1275–1341)<br />King/G. Duke of Lith., 1316–1341}}
{{Tree chart | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| }}
{{Tree chart | JAU | | ALG | | KES | JAU='''[[Jaunutis]]'''<br />(?)<br />G. Duke of Lith., 1341–1345 | ALG='''[[Algirdas]]'''<br />(c. 1296–1377)<br />King/G. Duke of Lith., 1345–1377 | KES='''[[Kęstutis]]'''<br />(1297–1382) }}
{{Tree chart | |,|-|-|-|(| | | |)|-|-|-|.| }}
{{Tree chart | LAD | | SVI | | VYT | | ZYG | LAD='''[[Władysław II Jagiełło|Ladislaus (Jogaila)]]'''<br />(c. 1351–1434)<br />King/G. Duke of Lith., 1377–1401<br />King of Poland, 1386–1434 | SVI='''[[Švitrigaila]]'''<br />(c. 1370–1452)<br />King/G. Duke of Lith., 1430–1432 | VYT='''[[Vytautas]]'''<br />(1352–1430)<br />King/G. Duke of Lith., 1401–1430 | ZYG='''[[Sigismund_Kęstutaitis|Žygimantas Kęstutaitis]]'''<br />(? – 1440)<br />King/G. Duke of Lith., 1432–1440 }}
{{Tree chart | |:| }}
{{Tree chart | JAG | JAG='''''[[Jagiellonian dynasty|Jagiellon branch]]'''<br />(Jogailaičiai)'' | boxstyle=border: 1px dashed; }}
{{Tree chart/end}}

== See also ==
* [[Columns of Gediminas]]
* [[Family of Gediminas]]
* [[Golitsyn family]]
* [[List of heads of state of Lithuania]]
* [[Palemonids]]

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

== External links ==
*{{cite web |last=Marek |first=Miroslav |url=http://genealogy.euweb.cz/jagelo/jagelo.html |title= Genealogy of the House of Gediminas |publisher= Genealogy.EU}}

{{Royal houses of Ukraine}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Gediminids| ]]
[[Category:Family trees of royalty]]