View source for George-Étienne Cartier

{{Short description|Canadian Father of Confederation (1814–1873)}}
{{Use Canadian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix = [[The Honourable]]
| name = Sir George-Étienne Cartier
| honorific-suffix = {{Post-nominals|country=CAN|size=100%|Bt|PC}}
| image = Sir George Etienne Cartier.jpg
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1814|09|06|mf=y}}
| birth_place = [[Saint-Antoine-sur-Richelieu, Quebec|Saint-Antoine-sur-Richelieu]], Lower Canada
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1873|05|20|1814|09|06}}
| death_place = [[London]], England
| resting_place = [[Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery]], Montreal
| office = [[Joint premiers of the Province of Canada|Co-premier from Canada East]]
| term_start = August 6, 1858
| term_end = May 24, 1862
| monarch = [[Queen Victoria|Victoria]]
| governor-general = {{plainlist|
* [[Edmund Walker Head]]
* [[Charles Monck, 4th Viscount Monck|The Viscount Monck]]
}}
| alongside = [[John A. Macdonald]]
| predecessor = [[Antoine-Aimé Dorion]]
| successor = [[Louis-Victor Sicotte]]
| term_start1 = November 26, 1857
| term_end1 = August 2, 1858
| monarch1 = Victoria
| governor-general1 = Edmund Walker Head
| alongside1 = John A. Macdonald
| predecessor1 = [[Étienne-Paschal Taché]]
| successor1 = Antoine-Aimé Dorion

| office2 = [[Minister of Militia and Defence]]
| term_start2 = July 1, 1867
| term_end2 = May 20, 1873
| primeminister2 = John A. Macdonald
| predecessor2 = John A. Macdonald
| successor2 = [[Hugh McDonald (politician)|Hugh McDonald]]
{{Collapsed infobox section begin |last=yes |Parliamentary constituencies
 |titlestyle=border:1px dashed lightgrey;}}{{Infobox officeholder |embed=yes
| office3      = [[Member of Parliament (Canada)|Member of Parliament]]
| 1blankname3  = Constituency 
| 1namedata3   = [[Provencher]]
| term_start3  = October 12, 1872
| term_end3    = May 20, 1873
| predecessor3 = [[Pierre Delorme]]
| successor3   = [[Louis Riel]]
| 1blankname4  = Constituency 
| 1namedata4   = [[Montreal East (electoral district)|Montreal East]]
| term_start4  = September 20, 1867
| term_end4    = October 12, 1872
| predecessor4 = ''district established''
| successor4   = [[Louis-Amable Jetté]]
| office5      = Member of the [[Legislative Assembly of Quebec]]
| 1blankname5  = Constituency 
| 1namedata5   = [[Beauharnois (provincial electoral district)|Beauharnois]]
| term_start5  = July 1871
| term_end5   = May 20, 1873
| predecessor5 = [[Célestin Bergevin]]
| successor5   = [[Élie-Hercule Bisson]]
| 1blankname6  = Constituency 
| 1namedata6   = [[Montréal-Est (provincial electoral district)|Montréal-Est]]
| term_start6  = September 1, 1867
| term_end6    = July 1871
| predecessor6 = ''district established''
| successor6   = [[Ferdinand-Conon David]]
| office7      = Member of the [[Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada]]
| 1blankname7  = Constituency 
| 1namedata7   = [[Montreal East (Province of Canada electoral district)|Montreal East]]
| term_start7  = June 1861
| term_end7    = July 1, 1867
| predecessor7 = ''district established''
| successor7   = ''assembly abolished''
| 1blankname8  = Constituency 
| 1namedata8   = [[Verchères (Province of Canada electoral district)|Verchères]]
| term_start8  = 1848
| term_end8    = June 1861
| predecessor8 = [[James Leslie (Canadian politician)|James Leslie]]
| successor8   = [[Alexandre-Édouard Kierzkowski]]
{{Collapsed infobox section end}}}}
| party = {{plainlist|
* [[Conservative Party of Canada (historical)|Conservative (Canada)]]
* [[Conservative Party of Quebec (historical)|Conservative (Quebec)]]
}}
| otherparty = {{unbulleted list | [[Parti bleu]] (1854–1867) | [[Patriote movement|Patriote]] (until 1854)}}
| profession = Lawyer
| spouse = Hortense Fabre
| signature = George-Etienne Cartier Signature.svg
<!--Military service-->
| nickname           = 
| allegiance         = {{unbulleted list | [[Parti canadien|Parti patriote]] | [[Republic of Lower Canada]]}}
| branch             = {{lang|fr|i=no|[[Société des Fils de la Liberté]]}}
| serviceyears       = 1837–1838
| rank               = 
| unit               = 
| commands           = 
| battles            = [[Lower Canada Rebellion]]
*[[Battle of Saint-Denis (1837)|Battle of St-Denis]]
| mawards            = <!-- for military awards - appears as "Awards" if |awards= is not set -->
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}}

'''Sir George-Étienne Cartier, 1st Baronet''', {{Post-nominals|country=CAN|PC}} (pronounced {{IPA|fr|ʒɔʁʒ etjɛn kaʁtje|}}; September 6, 1814{{spaced ndash}}May 20, 1873) was a [[Canadians|Canadian]] statesman and [[Fathers of Confederation|Father of Confederation]].<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |first=Alastair |last=Sweeny |title=Cartier: Kingpin of Confederation |orig-year=January 3, 2014 |date=December 12, 2014 |encyclopedia=[[The Canadian Encyclopedia]] |publisher=[[Historica Canada]] |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/cartier-kingpin-of-confederation |access-date=October 14, 2018 |archive-date=January 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220122063737/https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/cartier-kingpin-of-confederation |url-status=dead }}</ref>
The English spelling of the name—George, instead of Georges, the usual French spelling—is explained by his having been named in honour of [[George III of the United Kingdom|King George III]].

In the years leading up to [[Canadian Confederation|Confederation]], Cartier was a dominant figure in the politics of [[Canada East]] as leader of the [[Parti bleu]]. In 1838, he returned to [[Montreal]] after a year in exile for his role in the [[Lower Canada Rebellion]]. He officially entered politics in 1848. During his long career, he instituted the creation of the ''[[Civil Code of Lower Canada]]'', replacing the increasingly out-dated [[Custom of Paris in New France|Custom of Paris]], which had been used in Lower Canada since it had been a French colony. He also promoted the introduction of primary education in the province. Cartier had several reasons for supporting Confederation, notably his fear of [[Manifest Destiny#British North America|American expansion]]. He died in London, England, on May 20, 1873. Cartier is considered to be one of the most important of the Fathers of Confederation, along with [[John A. Macdonald]] and [[George Brown (Canadian politician)|George Brown]]. He has been dubbed “The Kingpin of Confederation” because of his prominence.{{citation needed|date=May 2023}}

==Early career==
George-Étienne Cartier was born on September 6, 1814, in [[Saint-Antoine-sur-Richelieu, Quebec|Saint-Antoine-sur-Richelieu]], [[Lower Canada]] (now Quebec). Cartier attended the {{lang|fr|i=no|[[Petit Séminaire de Montréal]]}} from 1824 to 1832.  He was called to the [[Bar association|bar]] in 1834 where he began to practise his profession. He was also involved in the railway business, and [[Grand Trunk Railway]] was one of his legal clients.

Early in his career, Cartier was inspired by [[Louis-Joseph Papineau]]. Through this connection, Cartier became a member of the {{lang|fr|i=no|[[Société des Fils de la Liberté]]}} ("Society of the Sons of Liberty") and took part in the  [[Lower Canada Rebellion]] of 1837 at the [[Battle of Saint-Denis (1837)|Battle of Saint-Denis]]. For his part in the uprising, Cartier was [[exile]]d and he took temporary refuge in [[Vermont]]. However, he was allowed to return to Montreal in 1838 to resume his law practice.

On his return to Lower Canada in 1838, which was now [[Canada East]] of the [[Province of Canada]], Cartier resumed his law practice. He was a member of the [[Saint-Jean-Baptiste Society]] and became active in politics as campaign manager of [[Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine]]. In 1848, Cartier gave up his law practice and ran for office as a Reformer and was elected to the [[Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada]].

During his time in the Union parliament, Cartier introduced a [[Bill (proposed law)|bill]] in 1852 for the creation of the Grand Trunk Railway Company of Canada. In 1854 Cartier was appointed to [[Cabinet (government)|cabinet]]. From 1857 to 1862 he served alongside  [[John A. Macdonald]] as co-premier of the united province. Cartier was a loyal friend of Macdonald, with whom he created the [[Great Coalition]] with [[George Brown (Canadian politician)|George Brown]] in 1864. The purpose of the Great Coalition was to end the political instability in the province, which had six governments in as many years.

The Great Coalition was one of the first steps in the movement towards [[Canadian Confederation|Confederation]]. He attended all three of the conferences convened for this purpose: [[Charlottetown Conference|Charlottetown]], [[Quebec Conference, 1864|Quebec]], and [[London Conference (1866)|London]]. Cartier was largely responsible for gaining [[French-Canadian]] support for the union.
[[File:Hon. George Etienne Cartier, Montreal, QC, 1863.jpg|thumb|451x451px|Hon. George Étienne Cartier taken at [[William Notman]]'s studio in Montreal in 1863.]]
Cartier also played a leading role in pushing through legislative reform that effectively abolished the semi-feudal [[Seigneurial system of New France|seigneurial system]] of land ownership in Lower Canada, turning its legislative council into an elected body of representatives, and pushed successfully for the adoption of the [[Civil Code of Lower Canada|Civil Code]] within the province.

==Political life in Dominion of Canada==
Upon the creation of the Dominion of Canada in [[Constitution Act, 1867|1867]], Macdonald became [[prime minister]], and Cartier was his Minister of Militia and Defence. As the law of the time allowed a [[dual mandate]] in both the federal and provincial governments, Cartier ran in the [[1867 Quebec general election|1867 Quebec provincial election]] in [[Montréal-Est (provincial electoral district)|Montréal-Est]] electoral district. Cartier was elected as a [[Conservative Party of Quebec (historical)|Conservative]] supporter of the [[Pierre-Joseph-Olivier Chauveau]] government. As a result, Cartier was both a member of the [[Parliament of Canada]] and the [[Legislative Assembly of Quebec]].

Federally, Cartier represented [[Montreal East (electoral district)|Montreal East]] following the conclusion of Canada's first election on 20 September 1867. At the next federal election in August 1872, he was defeated by [[Louis-Amable Jetté]] while seeking a second term in Montreal East in the face of the [[Pacific Scandal]]. The following month Cartier was acclaimed the victor in the [[Manitoba]] [[electoral district (Canada)|riding]] of [[Provencher]] after [[Louis Riel]] and Henry James Clarke resigned as candidates there.

Notably, Cartier had intended to support an [[amnesty]] for Riel for his role in setting up a Provisional government in the Northwest, but that the Conservative government reneged on its promise to secure amnesty for the Métis leader,{{citation needed|date=June 2021}} who was Cartier's maternal fifth cousin, twice removed.  Both were descended from [[settlers|Canadian pioneer]] [[Zacharie Cloutier]] and Xainte Dupont ({{circa|1596}} – 1680) who had, in 1634, immigrated to [[New France]] in the first wave of the [[Percheron Immigration]] from the former province of [[Perche]], to an area that, today, is part of [[Quebec]], Canada. He settled in [[Beauport, Quebec City|Beauport]] and founded one of the foremost families of Quebec.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.apointinhistory.net/percheron-immigration.php |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120719071141/http://www.apointinhistory.net/percheron-immigration.php |url-status=usurped |archive-date=July 19, 2012 |title=Percheron Immigration |date=December 2009 |publisher=Marjorie Lizotte |access-date=2 October 2017}}</ref>

During his tenure in [[Ottawa]], Cartier was responsible for the negotiations with Britain and the [[Hudson's Bay Company]] for the purchase of [[Rupert's Land]] and the [[North-Western Territory]] by Canada. Cartier was also an active participant in the negotiations that led to the creation of the province of Manitoba and the entry of [[British Columbia]] into Confederation. In keeping with his ties to the railways, Cartier in 1872 introduced a bill for the creation of the [[Canadian Pacific Railway]]. From 1867 to 1873, he was the [[Minister of Militia and Defence]].

==Illness==
[[Image:Funeral procession of George-Étienne Cartier.jpg|thumb|right|Funeral procession, [[Montreal]]]]
In 1871, Cartier experienced the first symptom of [[Bright's Disease]], a kidney disease. After the [[1872 Canadian federal election|1872 election]], Cartier travelled to London hoping to find a cure. His health did not improve and he died in London on May 20, 1873, at the age of 58. He was unable to pay a visit to his Manitoba riding where he was acclaimed a Member of Parliament. His body was brought back to Canada, and interred in the {{lang|fr|i=no|[[Cimetière Notre-Dame-des-Neiges]]}} in [[Montreal]], following a public funeral procession.[[File:George-Etienne Cartier statue, Ottawa.jpg|Statue of Sir George-Étienne Cartier on [[Parliament Hill]], [[Ottawa]]|thumb]]

==Family==
George-Étienne Cartier married Hortense Fabre, daughter of [[Édouard-Raymond Fabre]], former mayor of Montreal, on June 16, 1846. The couple had three children, all girls, one of whom died in infancy, and one in 1886. After she was widowed, Lady Cartier enjoyed a pension of $1,200 in recognition of her husband's services. When Caroline, the eldest daughter, died in March 1886, at her request her remains were brought to Montreal and interred alongside those of her father. Lady Cartier and their surviving daughter Hortense lived in Cannes, France, until Lady Cartier died on February 27, 1898. She was buried in Quebec alongside her husband and daughter, in [[Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery]]. In 1892 Lady Cartier presented a marble bust of her husband to the Legislative Assembly of Quebec.[[File:G.-E._Cartier_Pierre_tombale.JPG|220x124px|thumb|right|Cartier's final resting place in the Notre-Dame des Neiges Cemetery (the same cemetery where fellow Father of Confederation Thomas D'Arcy McGee is buried).]]<ref>{{cite book |editor-last=Morgan |editor-first=Henry James |editor-link=Henry James Morgan |title=Types of Canadian Women and of Women who are or have been Connected with Canada |location=Toronto |publisher=Williams Briggs |date=1903 |url=https://archive.org/details/typesofcanadianw01morguoft/page/46 |page=46}}</ref> Cartier's niece [[Victoria Cartier]] was a noted Canadian music educator, organist and pianist.

==Legacy==
The entry of Canada East ([[Quebec]]) into the Confederation is Cartier's most significant contribution to his country. Following the rebellions in 1837/1838 and the [[Durham Report]], Upper and Lower Canada were merged into a single colony. Great Britain had begun to loosen its ties to the North American colonies. The United States was becoming more and more powerful, and represented a threat to Canada.  In 1864, George Brown, leader of the Clear Grits in Canada West ([[Ontario]]), proposed an alliance with the Conservatives of Macdonald and Cartier. In 1867, following a series of discussions and conferences (at [[Charlottetown Conference|Charlottetown]] and Quebec), the alliance known as the Grand Coalition succeeded in forging the agreement which gave birth to Confederation.  From this time onwards, the new federal government convened in Ottawa. In 1834 he contributed to founding the Société Saint-Jean-Baptiste patriotic society, where he sang his famous poem {{lang|fr|[[Ô Canada! mon pays, mes amours]]}} (not to be confused with the national anthem of Canada).<ref>{{cite web |title=George-Étienne Cartier was the composer of Ô! Canada, mon pays! mes amours ! |website=Sir George-Étienne Cartier National Historic Site |publisher=[[Parks Canada]] |date=March 8, 2018 |url=https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/lhn-nhs/qc/etiennecartier/culture/histoire-history/personnages-people/natcul2}}</ref>

==Honours and memorials==
To celebrate the part he played in the country's development, Cartier was created a [[baronet]], of Montreal, in the [[Baronetage of the United Kingdom]] by [[Queen Victoria]] in 1868.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=23411 |date=11 August 1868 |page=4453}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=George-Étienne Cartier Was Made a Baronet by Queen Victoria in 1868, Which Explains Why His Name is Preceded by "Sir" |website=Sir George-Étienne Cartier National Historic Site of Canada |publisher=Parks Canada |date=March 8, 2018 |url=https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/lhn-nhs/qc/etiennecartier/culture/histoire-history/personnages-people/natcul6}}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette |issue=23627 |page=3092 |date=24 June 1870}}</ref> Since he had no legal heirs, the Cartier baronetcy became extinct on his death. In addition, he had the prenominal "[[the Honourable]]" and the postnominal "[[Privy Councillor (Canada)|PC]]" for life by virtue of being made a member of the [[Queen's Privy Council for Canada]] on 1 July 1867.<ref>{{cite web |title=Members of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada Historical alphabetical list |publisher=Privy Council Office |date=October 11, 2018 |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/privy-council/services/queens.html#C}}</ref>

[[Image:Montreal - Parc Mont-Royal, Statue d'Athéna - 20050320.jpg|thumb|[[George-Étienne Cartier Monument]], [[Mount Royal]], Montreal]]
Ontario's [[Macdonald-Cartier Freeway]] (Highway 401) is named after Cartier and fellow Father of Confederation [[John A. Macdonald]], as are Ottawa's [[Macdonald-Cartier International Airport]] and the [[Macdonald-Cartier Bridge]], linking Ottawa, Ontario, with [[Gatineau]], Quebec. The former [[Macdonald-Cartier High School]] of [[Saint-Hubert, Quebec]], was named after John A. Macdonald and Cartier, which has merged and became [[Heritage Regional High School]].

Cartier's residence in Montreal, at 458 Notre-Dame Street East, is now the [[Sir George-Étienne Cartier National Historic Site]], dedicated to his life and achievements. It also serves to recall the architectural heritage and lifestyles of the upper middle class of 19th-century Montreal.

In 1931, [[Canada Post]] issued a ten-cent postage stamp with Cartier's portrait surrounded by the national symbol, the [[maple leaf]].

Numerous streets in Quebec and elsewhere in Canada have been named for Cartier, as has the [[Montreal Metro]]'s [[Cartier (Montreal Metro)|Cartier]] station in [[Laval, Quebec]].

Six schools have been named in his honour:

*George-Étienne Cartier French Catholic primary school in Ottawa, Ontario.<ref>[http://georges-etienne-cartier.ecolecatholique.ca/fr/English_Information_s105.html École élémentaire catholique George-Étienne-Cartier. School website] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020205548/http://georges-etienne-cartier.ecolecatholique.ca/fr/English_Information_s105.html |date=2007-10-20 }}</ref>
*George-Étienne Cartier primary school in Gatineau, Québec.
*George-Étienne-Cartier French preschool in Longueuil, Quebec<ref>[http://www.csmv.qc.ca/8repertoire/vieuxlongueuil/023.html École préscolaire/primaire George-Étienne-Cartier. School website] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070203110739/http://www.csmv.qc.ca/8repertoire/vieuxlongueuil/023.html |date=2007-02-03 }}</ref>
*Sir George-Étienne Cartier primary school in London, Ontario.
*George-Étienne Cartier French Catholic primary school in Toronto, Ontario<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://gec.csdccs.edu.on.ca/ |title=École Georges-Étienne-Cartier. School website |access-date=September 28, 2007 |archive-date=April 22, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160422033106/https://gec.csdccs.edu.on.ca/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*École secondaire Macdonald-Cartier high school in Sudbury, Ontario.<ref>[[École secondaire Macdonald-Cartier]]</ref>

He was portrayed by [[David La Haye]] in the 2011 [[CBC Television]] film ''[[John A.: Birth of a Country]]''.

In 2017, the [[Bank of Canada]] unveiled a commemorative [[Canadian ten-dollar note]] in honour of [[Canada 150]], featuring Cartier's portrait alongside Sir [[John A. Macdonald]], [[Agnes Macphail]] and [[James Gladstone]].<ref>[http://www.bankofcanada.ca/banknotes/banknote150/ Bank of Canada:  Celebrating Canada's 150th.]</ref>

[[Mount Cartier]] near [[Revelstoke, British Columbia]], is named in his honour.<ref name="bcgnis">{{cite bcgnis|id=11270|title=Mount Cartier|accessdate=2022-11-28}}</ref>

==Arms==
{{Infobox COA wide
|image = File:Heraldry_of_George-Étienne_CARTIER.jpg
|image size =
|notes =
|year_adopted = 
|coronet = 
|escutcheon = Per fess Gules and Or, a Fess of the last, in chief an Ermine proper, and in base five Pallets of the first.
|crest = An Anchor in bend-sinister Sable, Cable proper, pendent therefrom by a Gold Chain, an Escutcheon Gules, charged with a Fleur-de-lis Or.
|supporters = 
|compartment = 
|motto = '''FRANC ET SANS DOL''' ''(Free and without fraud)''
|orders = 
|other_elements = 
|banner = 
|badge = 
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|previous_versions = 
}}

== See also ==
*[[List of presidents of the Saint-Jean-Baptiste Society of Montreal]]

== Archives ==
There is a George-Étienne Cartier [[fonds]] at [[Library and Archives Canada]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=George-Étienne Cartier fonds, Library and Archives Canada|date = 20 July 2017|url=http://central.bac-lac.gc.ca/.redirect?app=fonandcol&id=99023&lang=eng}}</ref>

== Electoral history ==
{{1867 Canadian federal election/Montreal East}}
{{1872 Canadian federal election/Montreal East}}
{{1872 Canadian federal election/Provencher}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== Biographies ==
* {{cite book |first=Alastair |last=Sweeny |author-link=Alastair Sweeny |title=George-Étienne Cartier: A Biography |publisher=McClelland and Stewart |date=1976 |isbn=0-7710-8363-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pOgUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1}}
* {{Quebec MNA biography|cartier-george-etienne-2445|George-Étienne Cartier}}
* {{cite DCB |title=Cartier, Sir George-Étienne |first=J.-C. |last=Bonenfant |volume=10 |url=http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/cartier_george_etienne_10E.html}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |title=Sir George-Étienne Cartier |first=Alastair |last=Sweeny |orig-year=January 16, 2008 |date=August 28, 2015 |encyclopedia=The Canadian Encyclopedia |publisher=Historica Canada |edition=online |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/sir-george-etienne-cartier}}
*{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Cartier, Sir Georges Étienne |volume=5 |page=433 |first=William Lawson |last=Grant}}
*{{cite DNB |wstitle=Cartier, George Etienne |first=George Clement |last= Boase |author-link=George Clement Boase |volume=9 |pages=219-220}}

==External links==
*[http://www.canadachannel.ca/cartier Alastair Sweeny, ''George-Étienne Cartier: A Biography'' Web version]{{Dead link|date=December 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* {{cite web |url=http://biographi.ca/en/theme_cartier.html |title=Theme: Sir George-Étienne Cartier |website=Dictionary of Canadian Biography}}
*[https://collections.musee-mccord-stewart.ca/en/objects/129791/hon-georgeetienne-cartier-montreal-qc-1861?ctx=df78e97a89f2e63fcfc9dbc398096ef64dfdf265&idx=6 Photograph: Sir George-Étienne Cartier, 1861] – McCord Museum
*[https://collections.musee-mccord-stewart.ca/en/objects/142138/hon-george-etienne-cartier-montreal-qc-1863?ctx=df78e97a89f2e63fcfc9dbc398096ef64dfdf265&idx=19 Photograph: Sir George-Étienne Cartier, 1863] – McCord Museum
*[https://collections.musee-mccord-stewart.ca/en/objects/141905/hon-georgeetienne-cartier-politicien-montreal-qc-1865?ctx=df78e97a89f2e63fcfc9dbc398096ef64dfdf265&idx=13 Photograph: Sir George-Étienne Cartier, 1865] – McCord Museum
*{{Canadian Parliament links|ID=5818}}

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{{s-ttl
 |title=[[Member of Parliament (Canada)|Member of Parliament]] for [[Montreal East (electoral district)|Montreal East]]
|years=1867–1872
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{{s-aft
|after=[[Louis-Amable Jetté]]
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{{succession box
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|after=[[Antoine-Aimé Dorion]]
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{{succession box
|before=[[Antoine-Aimé Dorion]]
|title=[[Joint Premiers of the Province of Canada]] – Canada East
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|after=Sir [[Louis-Victor Sicotte]]
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{{s-bef|before=Sir [[Dominick Daly]]}}
{{s-ttl
|title=Provincial Secretary of the Province of Canada
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{{s-vac|Unknown}}

{{s-reg|uk-bt}}
{{s-new | creation}}
{{s-ttl | title = [[Cartier baronets|Baronet]]<br />'''(of Montreal) | years='''1868–1873}}
{{s-non | reason = Extinct }}
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{{CA-Ministers of Defence}}{{Portal bar|Biography|Canada|Politics}}{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cartier, George-Etienne}}
[[Category:George-Étienne Cartier| ]]
[[Category:1814 births]]
[[Category:1873 deaths]]
[[Category:Attorneys general of Canada East, Province of Canada]]
[[Category:Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Burials at Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery]]
[[Category:Canadian baronets]]
[[Category:Canadian exiles]]
[[Category:Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942) MPs]]
[[Category:Conservative Party of Quebec MNAs]]
[[Category:Deaths from nephritis]]
[[Category:Fathers of Confederation]]
[[Category:Lawyers in Quebec]]
[[Category:Lower Canada Rebellion people]]
[[Category:Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Manitoba]]
[[Category:Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Quebec]]
[[Category:Members of the King's Privy Council for Canada]]
[[Category:Members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from Canada East]]
[[Category:Montreal City and District Savings Bank directors]]
[[Category:Parti bleu MLAs in the Province of Canada]]
[[Category:People from Montérégie]]
[[Category:Petit Séminaire de Montréal alumni]]
[[Category:Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada)]]
[[Category:Premiers of the Province of Canada]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Saint-Jean-Baptiste Society of Montreal]]
[[Category:19th-century Canadian lawyers]]
[[Category:19th-century members of the House of Commons of Canada]]
[[Category:19th-century members of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec]]