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{{Short description|Children's hospital in London, England}}
{{About|the children's hospital|the TV series|Great Ormond Street (TV series){{!}}''Great Ormond Street'' (TV series)}}
{{Redirect|GOSH|the defunct magazine|GOSH!{{!}}''GOSH!''|other uses|Gosh (disambiguation){{!}}Gosh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2014}}
{{Infobox hospital
| Name        = Great Ormond Street Hospital
| Org/Group   = [[Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust]]
| Image       = Great Ormond Street Hospital.jpg
| Caption     = The view along Great Ormond Street
| Logo        = <!-- optional -->
| Location    = Great Ormond Street
| Region      = [[London]]
| State      =
| Country     = [[England]]
| HealthCare  = [[National Health Service (England)|National Health Service]]
| Type        = Teaching
| Speciality  = [[Children's hospital]]
| Emergency   = No
| Affiliation = [[University College London]]
| Beds        = 389
| Founded     = {{start date and age|1852|2|14|df=y}}
| Closed      = <!-- optional -->
| Coordinates = {{Coord|51.5225|N|0.1205|W|display=inline,title|region:GB-CMD_scale:2000_type:landmark}}
| Website     = {{URL|www.gosh.nhs.uk}}
| Wiki-Links  = <!-- optional, autofilled [List hospitals in <State>] -->
| map_type    = United Kingdom London Camden
| map_caption = Shown in Camden
|}}

'''Great Ormond Street Hospital''' (informally '''GOSH''', formerly the '''Hospital for Sick Children''') is a [[children's hospital]] in the [[London Borough of Camden]], and a part of [[Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust]]. The hospital is situated between Great Ormond Street and Guilford Street, just inside [[Holborn|Holborn's]] traditional boundary with [[Bloomsbury]].

The hospital is the largest centre for child heart surgery in Britain and one of the largest centres for heart transplantation in the world. In 1962 it developed the first heart and lung bypass machine for children. With children's book author [[Roald Dahl]], it developed an improved [[Wade-Dahl-Till valve|shunt valve]] for children with [[hydrocephalus]], and non-invasive (percutaneous) [[heart valve]] replacements. Great Ormond Street performed the first UK clinical trials of the [[rubella vaccine]], and the first [[bone marrow transplant]] and [[gene therapy]] for [[severe combined immunodeficiency]].<ref name="Breakthroughs">Breakthroughs {{cite web |url=http://www.gosh.nhs.uk/about-us/our-history/breakthroughs |title=Breakthroughs &#124; Great Ormond Street Hospital |access-date=21 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160127184719/http://www.gosh.nhs.uk/about-us/our-history/breakthroughs |archive-date=27 January 2016 }}</ref><!-- This is not an ideal reference. Don't delete the paragraph; please add [[WP:MEDMOS]] citations.-->

The hospital is the largest centre for research and postgraduate teaching in children's health in Europe.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/features/britains-best-hospitals-a-patients-guide-798352.html|title=Britain's best hospitals: A patients' guide|access-date=13 October 2016|work=The Independent|date=20 March 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161008055659/http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/features/britains-best-hospitals-a-patients-guide-798352.html|archive-date=8 October 2016}}</ref>

In 1929, [[J. M. Barrie]] donated the copyright to ''[[Peter and Wendy|Peter Pan]]'' to the hospital.

==History==
===Origins===
[[File:Great Ormond Street Hospital - geograph.org.uk - 2461166.jpg|thumb|left|Main entrance to Great Ormond Street Hospital]]
The Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street was founded on 14 February 1852 after a long campaign by Dr [[Charles West (physician)|Charles West]], and was the first hospital in England to provide in-patient beds specifically for [[children]].<ref>Kevin Telfer (2008). ''The remarkable story of Great Ormond Street Hospital''. Simon & Schuster. p11</ref>

Despite opening with just 10 beds, it grew into one of the world's leading children's hospitals through the patronage of [[Queen Victoria]], counting [[Charles Dickens]], a personal friend of the Chief Physician Dr West, as one of its first fundraisers. The Nurses League was formed in February 1937.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gosnursesleague.org/aboutus.php|title=www.gosnursesleague.org|access-date=25 September 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100908080749/http://www.gosnursesleague.org/aboutus.php|archive-date=8 September 2010}}</ref>

===Nationalisation===
Great Ormond Street Hospital was nationalised in 1948, becoming part of the National Health Service. During the early years of the NHS, private fundraising for the hospital was heavily restricted, though the hospital was permitted to continue to receive pre-existing legacies.<ref>[https://www.gosh.org/about-us/our-history Official history] Retrieved 14 February 2019</ref>

[[Audrey Callaghan]], wife of [[James Callaghan]] (prime minister of the United Kingdom from 1976 to 1979), served the hospital as Chairman of the Board of Governors from 1968 to 1972 and then as Chairman of the Special Trustees from 1983 until her final retirement in 1990.<ref>Kevin Telfer (2008). ''The remarkable story of Great Ormond Street Hospital''. Simon & Schuster. p58</ref> [[Diana, Princess of Wales]], served as patron until her death in 1997.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diana's Charities |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/special/politics97/diana/dichar2.html |access-date=2025-07-23 |website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Princess Kate keeps Princess Diana's legacy alive, visits children's hospital |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/princess-kate-princess-dianas-legacy-alive-visits-childrens/story?id=52406220 |access-date=2025-07-23 |website=ABC News |language=en}}</ref>

===1990s===
The Charles West School of Nursing transferred from Great Ormond Street to [[London South Bank University]] in 1995.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gosh.nhs.uk/about-us/our-history/complete-history-of-gosh/|title=Complete history of GOSH|access-date=5 January 2012|publisher=Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111116024221/http://www.gosh.nhs.uk/about-us/our-history/complete-history-of-gosh/|archive-date=16 November 2011}}</ref>

===2000s===
In 2002 Great Ormond Street Hospital commenced a redevelopment programme which is budgeted at £343 million and the next phase of which was scheduled to be complete by the end of 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gosh.org/gen/redevelopment/whats-happening-now/the-buildings/the-new-clinical-building-phase-2b/|title=The New Clinical Building (Phase 2B)|access-date=20 June 2013|publisher=Great Ormond Street Hospital Children's Charity}}</ref> In July 2012, Great Ormond Street Hospital was featured in [[2012 Summer Olympics opening ceremony|the opening ceremony of the London Summer Olympics]].<ref>{{cite web|title=World's media lavishes praise on Olympic opening ceremony|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/jul/28/world-media-london-olympic-opening-ceremony|website=The Guardian|date=28 July 2012|publisher=Guardian|access-date=27 July 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118144658/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/jul/28/world-media-london-olympic-opening-ceremony|archive-date=18 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Incredible honour for Great Ormond Street Hospital at London 2012 Olympic Opening Ceremony|url=http://www.gosh.nhs.uk/news/press-releases/2012-press-release-archive/incredible-honour-great-ormond-street-hospital-london-2012-olympic-opening-ceremony|website=Great Ormond Street Hospital|publisher=UK NHS/ UK Government|access-date=27 July 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213075540/http://www.gosh.nhs.uk/news/press-releases/2012-press-release-archive/incredible-honour-great-ormond-street-hospital-london-2012-olympic-opening-ceremony|archive-date=13 February 2018}}</ref>

In 2017 Great Ormond Street Hospital was subject to international attention regarding the [[Charlie Gard case|Charlie Gard treatment controversy]].<ref>{{cite news|title=London's Great Ormond Street Hospital seeks new hearing for critically ill Charlie Gard|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-baby-idUSKBN19S2HB|access-date=9 July 2017|publisher=Reuters|date=7 July 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708234301/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-baby-idUSKBN19S2HB|archive-date=8 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/jul/03/donald-trump-offers-help-for-terminally-ill-baby-charlie-gard|title=Donald Trump offers help for terminally ill baby Charlie Gard|date=3 July 2017|work=The Guardian|last2=Pidd|first2=Helen|last1=Jacobs|first1=Ben|access-date=9 July 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708174203/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/jul/03/donald-trump-offers-help-for-terminally-ill-baby-charlie-gard|archive-date=8 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/07/03/health/charlie-gard-trump-pope-bn/index.html|title=Pope and Trump offer support to Charlie Gard|last=Clarke|first=Hilary|date=3 July 2017|work=CNN|access-date=9 July 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708225247/http://www.cnn.com/2017/07/03/health/charlie-gard-trump-pope-bn/index.html|archive-date=8 July 2017}}</ref>

==Archives==
The hospital's archives are available for research under the terms of the Public Records Act 1958 and a catalogue is available on request.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gosh.nhs.uk/about-us/our-history/archive-service/|title=Archives|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517152227/http://www.gosh.nhs.uk/about-us/our-history/archive-service/|archive-date=17 May 2014}}</ref> Admission records from 1852 to 1914 have been made available online on the Historic Hospital Admission Records Project.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hharp.org/|title=Historic Hospital Admission Records Project|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120801042208/http://hharp.org/|archive-date=1 August 2012}}</ref>

==St Christopher's Chapel==
[[File:St Christopher's Chapel, Great Ormond St Hospital, London, UK - Diliff.jpg|thumb|right|St Christopher's Chapel in Great Ormond Street Hospital.]]
{{main|St Christopher's Chapel, Great Ormond Street Hospital}}
St Christopher's Chapel is a chapel decorated in the Byzantine style and [[Grade II* listed building]] located in the Variety Club Building of the hospital. Designed by [[Edward Middleton Barry]] (son of the architect [[Charles Barry|Sir Charles Barry]] who designed the Houses of Parliament) and built in 1875, it is dedicated to the memory of Caroline Barry, Edward Middleton's sister-in-law. William Henry Barry, Caroline's widower, provided the £40,000 required to build the chapel and a stipend for the chaplain.<ref name=IanVisits>{{cite web|title=Ian Visits GOSH|url=http://www.ianvisits.co.uk/blog/2011/12/11/gasp-at-the-splendour-of-st-christophers-chapel-inside-gosh/|website=Ian Visits|date=11 December 2011 |access-date=5 December 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141220224116/http://www.ianvisits.co.uk/blog/2011/12/11/gasp-at-the-splendour-of-st-christophers-chapel-inside-gosh/|archive-date=20 December 2014}}</ref> It was built in "elaborate Franco-Italianate style". As the chapel exists to provide pastoral care to ill children and their families, many of its details refer to childhood. The stained glass depicts the Nativity, the childhood of Christ and biblical scenes related to children. The dome depicts a pelican pecking at her breast in order to feed her young with drops of her own blood, a traditional symbol of Christ's sacrifice for humanity.<ref name="listed">{{English Heritage List entry |num= 1113211 |desc= Great Ormond Street Hospital Chapel in Central Block |grade= |accessdate=16 June 2017}}</ref>

When the old hospital was being demolished in the late 1980s, the chapel was moved to its present location via a "concrete raft" to prevent any damage en route. The stained glass and furniture were temporarily removed for restoration and repair. It was reopened along with the new Variety Club Building on 14 February 1994 by [[Diana, Princess of Wales]], then president of the hospital.<ref name="history pdf">{{cite web|last1=Lunnon|first1=Raymond J.|title=The Chapel of St. Christopher|url=http://www.gosh.nhs.uk/file/720/download?token=H5GcApmc|website=Great Ormond Street Hospital|publisher=Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust|access-date=16 June 2017|format=pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213075540/http://www.gosh.nhs.uk/file/720/download?token=H5GcApmc|archive-date=13 February 2018}}</ref>

=== ''Peter Pan'' ===
{{further|Peter and Wendy#Copyright status}}
[[File:Peter Pan statue by Diarmuid Byron O'Connor.JPG|thumb|left|Peter Pan statue at Great Ormond Street Hospital by [[Diarmuid Byron O'Connor]]]]
In April 1929 [[J. M. Barrie]] gave the [[copyright]] to his [[Peter and Wendy|''Peter Pan'' works]] to the hospital, with the request that the income from this source not be disclosed. This gave the institution control of the rights to these works, and entitled it to royalties from any performance or publication of the play and derivative works. Innumerable performances of the play and its various adaptations have been staged, several theatrical and television adaptations have also been produced, and numerous editions of the novel have been published, all under licence from the hospital.<ref>Tatar, Maria (ed). ''The Annotated Peter Pan''. W.W. Norton (2011)</ref><ref>Bruce K. Hanson. ''Peter Pan on Stage and Screen 1904–2010''. McFarland (2011)</ref> The hospital's trustees further commissioned a sequel novel, ''[[Peter Pan in Scarlet]]'', written by [[Geraldine McCaughrean]] and published in 2006.<ref name="guardian">{{cite news |author=Philip Ardagh |date=8 October 2006 |title=Return to Neverland |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/oct/07/featuresreviews.guardianreview25 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313212605/http://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/oct/07/featuresreviews.guardianreview25 |archive-date=13 March 2016 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |location=London}}</ref><ref name="independent">{{cite news |author=Nicola Smyth |date=8 October 2006 |title=The Boys are back in town |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/peter-pan-in-scarlet-by-geraldine-mccaughrean-419224.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924142707/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/peter-pan-in-scarlet-by-geraldine-mccaughrean-419224.html |archive-date=24 September 2015 |newspaper=[[The Independent]] |location=London}}</ref>

After the copyright first expired in the UK at the end of 1987 – 50 years after Barrie's death – the government's [[Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988|Copyright, Designs and Patents Act of 1988]]<ref name="1988act">{{Cite web |title=Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 |url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/301/data.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121113123016/http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/301 |archive-date=13 November 2012 |website=www.legislation.gov.uk}}</ref> granted the hospital a perpetual right to collect royalties for public performances and commercial publication of the work within the UK. This did not grant the hospital full copyright control over the work, however. When British copyright terms were later extended to the author's life plus ''70'' years by a [[Directive harmonizing the term of copyright protection|European Union directive in 1996]], Great Ormond Street revived its full copyright claim on the work. After the copyright expired again in 2007, the terms of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act again applied.<ref name="1988act" />

==Great Ormond Street Hospital Children's Charity==
The hospital has relied on charitable support since it first opened. One of the main sources for this support is Great Ormond Street Hospital Children's Charity. Whilst the NHS meets the day-to-day running costs of the hospital, the fundraising income allows Great Ormond Street Hospital to remain at the forefront of child healthcare.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gosh.org/about_us/index.html |title=GOSH.org |access-date=25 July 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070720130347/http://www.gosh.org/about_us/index.html |archive-date=20 July 2007 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> The charity aims to raise over £50 million every year to complete the next two phases of redevelopment, as well as provide substantially more fundraising directly for research. The charity also purchases up-to-date equipment, and provides accommodation for families and staff.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gosh.org/gen/redevelopment/whats-happening-now/|title=What's happening now|access-date=24 June 2013|publisher=Great Ormond Street Hospital Children's Charity|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813072910/http://www.gosh.org/gen/redevelopment/whats-happening-now/|archive-date=13 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gosh.org/gen/why-we-need-your-help/|title=Why we need your help|access-date=24 June 2013|publisher=Great Ormond Street Hospital Children's Charity|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130708172233/http://www.gosh.org/gen/why-we-need-your-help/|archive-date=8 July 2013}}</ref>

Great Ormond Street Hospital Children's Charity was one of the charities that benefited from the national [[Jeans for Genes]] campaign, which encourages people across Britain to wear their jeans and make a donation to help children affected by genetic disorders. All Great Ormond Street Hospital Charity's proceeds from the campaign went to its research partner, the UCL Institute of Child Health.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fundraising.co.uk/2006/05/23/jeans-genes-set-independent-charity/#.WtHsY4jwYdU|title=Jeans for Genes to set up as independent charity|date=23 May 2006 |publisher=UK Fundraising|access-date=14 April 2018}}</ref>

On 6 August 2009, [[Arsenal F.C.]] confirmed that Great Ormond Street Hospital Children's Charity was to be their "charity of the season" for the 2009–10 season. They raised over £800,000 for a new lung function unit at the hospital.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.arsenal.com/the-club/community/charity|title=Arsenal.com|access-date=30 March 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510220914/http://www.arsenal.com/the-club/community/charity|archive-date=10 May 2012}}</ref>

Two charity singles have been released in aid of the hospital. In 1987, "[[The Wishing Well (song)|The Wishing Well]]", recorded by an ensemble line-up including [[Boy George]], [[Peter Cox (musician)|Peter Cox]] and [[Dollar (band)|Dollar]] amongst others became a top 30 hit.<ref name=occ>{{cite web|title=G.O.S.H. – Full Official Chart History|url=http://www.officialcharts.com/artist/24588/g-o-s-h-/|website=Official Charts Company|access-date=20 January 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215144617/http://www.officialcharts.com/artist/24588/g-o-s-h-/|archive-date=15 February 2016}}</ref> In 2009, ''[[The X Factor (UK)|The X Factor]]'' finalists covered [[Michael Jackson]]'s "[[You Are Not Alone]]" in aid of the charity, reaching No.1 in the UK Charts.<ref name=occx>{{cite web|title=X Factor Finalists 2009 – Full Official Chart History|url=http://www.officialcharts.com/artist/5921/x-factor-finalists-2009/|website=Official Charts Company|access-date=20 January 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215144628/http://www.officialcharts.com/artist/5921/x-factor-finalists-2009/|archive-date=15 February 2016}}</ref>

On 30 March 2010, Channel 4 staged the first ''[[Channel 4's Comedy Gala]]'' at the O2 Arena in London, in aid of the charity. The event has been repeated every year since, raising money for Great Ormond Street Hospital Children's Charity each time.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theo2.co.uk/events/detail/channel-4s-comedy-gala-1|title=Channel 4's Comedy Gala|publisher=The O2|access-date=14 April 2018}}</ref>

In 2011, [[Daniel Boys]] recorded a charity single called "The World Is Something You Can Imagine". It was also released as with proceeds going to the Disney Appeal at Great Ormond Street Hospital.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.gosh.org/our-charity/the-world-is-something-you-imagine-single-in-aid-of-great-ormond-street-hospital/|date=23 May 2011|title="The World Is Something You Imagine" for our Disney Appeal|publisher=gosh.org|access-date=24 April 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140425003007/http://blog.gosh.org/our-charity/the-world-is-something-you-imagine-single-in-aid-of-great-ormond-street-hospital/|archive-date=25 April 2014}}</ref>

In 2018, celebrity supergroup [[The Celebs]] formed at [[Metropolis Group|Metropolis Studios]] to record an original Christmas song called "[[Rock With Rudolph]]", written and produced by Grahame and Jack Corbyn.  The song was in aid of Great Ormond Street Hospital. It was released digitally through independent record label [[Saga Entertainment]] in November 2018. The music video debuted exclusively with ''[[The Sun (United Kingdom)|The Sun]]'' on 29 November 2018 and had its first TV showing on ''[[Good Morning Britain (2014 TV programme)|Good Morning Britain]]'' on 30 November 2018. The song peaked at number two on the iTunes pop chart.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.itv.com/news/london/2018-11-30/tv-stars-sing-for-great-ormond-street-christmas-charity-single/ |title=TV stars sing for Great Ormond Street Christmas charity single |first=Faye |last=Barker |publisher=ITV News |date=30 November 2018 |access-date=10 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.femalefirst.co.uk/music/interviews/gail-porter-interview-great-ormond-street-hospital-christmas-charity-single-rock-with-rudolph-1174732.html |title=Gail Porter discusses recording a celebrity charity single for Great Ormond Street Hospital |date=4 December 2018 |publisher=Female First |access-date=10 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Celebs – Rock With Rudolph |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SzKdnHT1zqg  |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211222/SzKdnHT1zqg |archive-date=2021-12-22 |url-status=live|website=YouTube | date=29 November 2018 |publisher=TheCelebsVEVO |access-date=30 November 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

== Controversies ==

=== Peter Pan copyright ===

At various times, Great Ormond Street has been involved in legal disputes in the United States, where the copyright term is based on date of publication, putting the 1911 novel in the public domain since the 1960s. The hospital asserted that the play, first published in 1928, was still under copyright in the US until the end of 2023.<ref>{{cite web |title=Copyright |url=http://www.gosh.org/peterpan/copyright/publishing/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100703053649/http://www.gosh.org/peterpan/copyright/publishing/ |archive-date=3 July 2010}}</ref>

=== Gender identity ===

In January 2024 it was revealed that proposed gender service "has been hit by revolt before it has opened after several experts quit over apparent concerns with staff training" and that "The resignations included experts who believed the training materials were not following the independent recommendations made by Dr Hilary Cass, former president of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health. Namely, that the service should provide an "exploratory" rather than "affirmative" approach to the child's health". Some clinicians working on the new training materials and who did not resign are understood to have felt it important to affirm a patient’s gender identity and know that patients benefit from medication.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2024/jan/18/new-nhs-childrens-gender-clinic-hit-by-disagreements-and-resignations|title=New NHS children's gender clinic hit by disagreements and resignations|first=Amelia|last=Gentleman|date=18 January 2024|website=Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2024/01/18/nhs-childrens-gender-clinic-in-revolt-as-experts-quit|title=GOSH advisers quit new NHS children's gender clinic over training concerns|first=Michael|last=Searles|date=18 January 2024|website=The Telegraph}}</ref> This recommendation has also been criticised, due to ethical concerns around the nature of an "exploratory" approach. Specifically, that it will result in biased clinicians carrying out [[conversion therapy]].<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Interrogating Gender-Exploratory Therapy |journal=Perspectives on Psychological Science |date=18 March 2023|volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=472–481 |doi=10.1177/17456916221102325 |pmid=36068009 |pmc=10018052 |last1=Ashley |first1=Florence }}</ref>

On 1 April 2024, despite opposition, the new Children and Young People's Gender Service began delivering for children and young people experiencing gender related distress.<ref>{{cite web |title=New specialist gender service starts |url=https://www.evelinalondon.nhs.uk/about-us/news-events/news-article.aspx?page=new-specialist-gender-service-starts |website=www.evelinalondon.nhs.uk |access-date=3 June 2024}}</ref>

Despite resistance to the service, the hospital has assured the public that their aim "is to develop a robust training and education programme that is underpinned by the latest evidence that can enable clinicians and support staff to deliver the very best care for the children and young people who urgently need this new service."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Statement on media coverage on new children and young people's gender service |url=https://www.gosh.nhs.uk/news/statement-on-media-coverage-on-new-children-and-young-peoples-gender-service/ |date=14 April 2023 |publisher=Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children |access-date=6 July 2024}}</ref>

In March 2024 NHS England confirmed children attending the regional centres will no longer receive puberty blockers and will be supported in line with the recommendations made by Dr Hilary Cass by "resulting in a holistic approach to care".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://au.news.yahoo.com/nhs-says-children-no-longer-155541034.html|title=NHS says children to no longer receive puberty blockers at gender identity clinics|first=Athena|last=Stavrou|date=12 March 2024|website=Yahoo News}}</ref> One of the last acts of government in 2024 was to bring in an emergency ban on puberty blockers.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2024/05/29/private-prescription-puberty-blockers-children-to-be-banned/|title=Private prescriptions of puberty blockers for children to be banned|date=29 May 2024|newspaper=The Telegraph|access-date=3 June 2024}}</ref>

=== Fundraising ===

The hospital's charity faced an investigation by the Information Commissioner's Office over potential breaches of data protection law in February 2017.<ref name="Cooney">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thirdsector.co.uk/article/1423748|title=Great Ormond Street Hospital Children's Charity 'cooperating with ICO'|first=Rebecca|last=Cooney|website=www.thirdsector.co.uk}}</ref> The Great Ormond Street Hospital Charity was fined "£11,000 for sharing 910,283 records with other charities, sending on average 795,000 records per month to a wealth screening company and using email and birthdays to find out extra information about more than 311,000 supporters".<ref name="Rudgard">{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/04/05/britians-biggest-charities-hiring-investigators-snoop/|title=Britain's biggest charities hiring investigators to snoop on their wealthiest donors as ICO announces host of fines|first=Olivia|last=Rudgard|newspaper=The Telegraph |date=5 April 2017|via=www.telegraph.co.uk}}</ref><ref name="theguardian.com">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/apr/05/uk-charities-fined-by-watchdog-for-wealth-screening-of-donors|title=UK charities fined by watchdog for wealth screening of donors|first1=Owen|last1=Bowcott|first2=Owen Bowcott Legal affairs|last2=correspondent|date=5 April 2017|newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref>

In 2024 Fundraisers working on behalf of Great Ormond Street Hospital Children's Charity have found themselves embroiled in controversy due to allegations of employing "pressure-selling techniques". These door-to-door fundraisers have been accused of coercing people into signing up for donations.<ref name=fundraising>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/article/charity-fundraisers-investigation-donors-doorstep-jdxpw3t7g|title=Revealed: how charity doorsteppers twist your emotions for money|first=James|last=Beal|date=22 February 2024|website=[[The Times]]}}</ref> An undercover investigation exposed some concerning practices such as:<ref name=fundraising/>

*Psychological manipulation: Fundraisers were taught to use "psychological motivators" and anticipate objections when interacting with potential donors at their doorsteps. This included tactics to encourage regular monthly donations via direct debit, allowing the hospital to better plan its budget.
*Emotional manipulation: One senior fundraiser even claimed the ability to cry on demand to evoke sympathy from potential donors.
*Hard-sell tactics: Trainees were armed with an array of hard-sell techniques designed to overcome any objections raised by potential donors.

=== Other ===
Great Ormond Street Hospital was involved in a scandal regarding the removal of live tissue and organs from children during surgery and onward sale to pharmaceutical companies without the knowledge of parents in 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-jan-31-mn-19216-story.html|title=British Stunned by Harvest of Organs at a Children's Hospital|first=Marjorie|last=Miller|date=31 January 2001|website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref>

In January 2014, it was revealed that as a result of an accidental injection of glue into her brain, Maisha Najeeb brought a claim for compensation against the Great Ormond Street Hospital leading to a payment of up to £24million.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/maisa-najeeb-brain-damaged-girl-3066817|title=Brain damaged girl handed £24million payout after her head was injected with GLUE by medics|first=Richard|last=Hartley-Parkinson|date=27 January 2014|website=mirror}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-25916336|title=Hospital payout for girl's glue injection|work=BBC News |date=27 January 2014}}</ref>

The hospital's charity faced an investigation by the Information Commissioner's Office over potential breaches of data protection law in February 2017.<ref name="Cooney"/> The Great Ormond Street Hospital Charity was fined "£11,000 for sharing 910,283 records with other charities, sending on average 795,000 records per month to a wealth screening company and using email and birthdays to find out extra information about more than 311,000 supporters".<ref name="Rudgard"/><ref name="theguardian.com"/>

In April 2018, it was revealed children were put at risk by being given potentially dangerous drugs.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/apr/14/patients-at-risk-aggressive-treatment-great-ormond-street|title=Patients put at risk by 'aggressive' treatment at Great Ormond Street|first1=Melanie|last1=Newman|first2=Denis|last2=Campbell|newspaper=The Observer |date=14 April 2018|via=The Guardian}}</ref>

In April 2019, following an inquiry into the death of Amy Allan, the coroner criticised the hospital for not providing a proper plan for the teenager's recovery after surgery.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.itv.com/news/2019-09-05/great-ormond-street-hospital-amy-allan-teenager-inquest|title=Great Ormond Street Hospital under fire over death of teenager Amy Allan following 'uneventful' surgery|publisher=ITV News|access-date=17 April 2023}}</ref>

In 2019 the Great Ormond Street mortuary manager made the senior leadership aware of staffing issues. "Since April 2019 GOSH mortuary has been very short staffed but somehow we have managed to keep our standards up, get through a HTA inspection and still give 100% care to our patients whilst having 50% staff. Patient first and always".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aaptuk.org/media/news/2019/11/21/great-ormond-street-hospital--mortuary-team-award|title=Great Ormond Street Hospital - mortuary team award|website=Association of Anatomical Pathology Technology}}</ref>

The former Health Secretary, [[Jeremy Hunt]], urged Great Ormond Street Hospital to examine a possible fundamental cultural problem amid claims it prioritizes reputation over patient care in March 2020.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/health-51908273|title=Child deaths 'not properly investigated' at top hospital|date=17 March 2020|via=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref>

In March 2020, the BBC conducted an investigation into the death of a child and revealed that at least six children had died of invasive aspergillosis at Great Ormond Street since 2016.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-51908273|title=Child deaths 'not properly investigated' at top hospital|first1=Michael|last1=Buchanan|work=BBC News |date=17 March 2020}}</ref>

Several leaked emails from the head of Great Ormond Street Hospital, released in November 2020, suggested that the hospital had become accustomed to some "bad behaviours" and that more needed to be done to ensure staff feel safe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/health/great-ormond-street-hospital-bullying-b1759226.html|title=Chief executive admits Great Ormond Street 'got used to some bad behaviours'|date=20 November 2020|website=The Independent}}</ref>

In June 2021, the mother of a baby questioned why action was not taken sooner for her son who died at Great Ormond Street Hospital.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mylondon.news/news/north-london-news/mum-questions-action-wasnt-taken-20797514|title=Mum questions treatment for 'smiley, happy baby' who died|first=Jacob|last=Phillips|date=11 June 2021|website=MyLondon}}</ref>

Great Ormond Street Hospital entered into an agreement with Sensyne, an AI company, in September 2021. The hospital received 1,428,571 shares in the company in exchange for patient data. Sensyne has since been delisted from the [[London Stock Exchange]] leading to a loss to the hospital of around £2 million.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theregister.com/2022/08/17/nhs_hospitals_ai_losses/|title=NHS hospitals lose millions in AI startup investment|first=Lindsay|last=Clark|website=www.theregister.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theregister.com/2022/07/06/sensyne_nhs_deals/|title=Patient data swapped for shares in AI firm. Then it delists|first=Lindsay|last=Clark|website=www.theregister.com}}</ref>

Following a lawsuit against Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, a family received up to £7 million after the boy was left disabled, in July 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/uk/great-ormond-street-hospital-high-court-london-manchester-city-surrey-b1012397.html|title=Great Ormond Street Hospital bosses agree settlement after boy left disabled|first=Brian|last=Farmer|date=14 July 2022|website=Evening Standard}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/great-ormond-street-hospital-high-court-london-manchester-city-surrey-b2123139.html|title=Great Ormond Street Hospital bosses agree settlement after boy left disabled|date=14 July 2022|website=The Independent}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.shropshirestar.com/news/uk-news/2022/07/14/great-ormond-street-hospital-bosses-agree-settlement-after-boy-left-disabled/|title=Great Ormond Street Hospital bosses agree settlement after boy left disabled|website=www.shropshirestar.com|date=14 July 2022 }}</ref>

In February 2023, the mother of a sick child with cancer was shocked after hearing Great Ormond Street hospital workers making jokes about his likely death.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/familys-horror-doctors-nurses-joke-29291807|title=Family's horror as doctors joke about 'Grim Reaper' outside their ill son's room|first1=Antony|last1=Thrower|first2=Mary|last2=Harris|date=23 February 2023|website=mirror}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.itv.com/news/meridian/2023-02-23/mum-of-boy-with-cancer-disgusted-after-hearing-doctors-make-grim-reaper-jokes|title=Mum of boy with cancer 'disgusted' at Great Ormond Street Hospital doctors' Grim Reaper jokes|publisher=ITV|access-date=17 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kentonline.co.uk/deal/news/mums-shock-at-hospital-workers-grim-reaper-jokes-metres-fr-282647/|title=Mum's disgust at hospital workers' Grim Reaper jokes metres from sick child|date=22 February 2023|website=Kent Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mylondon.news/news/health/mum-boy-cancer-appalled-great-26311801|title=Mum of boy with cancer claims Great Ormond Street staff 'made Grim Reaper joke'|first=Lucy|last=Williamson|date=23 February 2023|website=MyLondon}}</ref>

In March 2023, it was revealed trainee dentist doctors at Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust were going unsupervised.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/health/children-dentistry-hospital-staffing-nhs-b2295643.html|title=Great Ormond Street Hospital unable to hire dentists amid national staffing crisis|date=8 March 2023|website=The Independent}}</ref>

In May 2023, newspapers highlighted the case of Ryan, left unattended in a lift by a Great Ormond Street hospital worker. His mother Catherine suffered a stress-induced seizure as she fell down the stairs and broke several bones after learning what happened to her son. Ryan was found again after someone needed to use the trolley he was in, around 11 hours later. A spokesperson from the hospital said that there was a situation on the day of Ryan’s arrival and that they had half the number of staff that were due to be on duty.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.echo-news.co.uk/news/23551103.shoeburys-ryan-heffernan-surplice-left-lift-gosh/|title=Shoebury's Ryan Heffernan-Surplice was left in lift at GOSH|website=echonews|date=27 May 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.essexlive.news/news/essex-news/essex-boy-12-who-died-8474500|title=Essex boy, 12, who died suddenly at Shoeburyness High School spent 'around 11 hours' unattended in Great Ormond Street hospital lift|website=essexlive|date=27 May 2023 }}</ref>

Hospital cleaners have made allegations of institutional racism at Great Ormond Street Hospital in March 2023. Hospital cleaners from minority ethnic groups say they were denied NHS contracts and paid less than white NHS employees. A court hearing was concluded in 2023. Each cleaner could receive between £80,000 and £190,000 if the claims are successful.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/great-ormond-street-hospital-institutional-racism/|title=Cleaners sue NHS hospital over 'racial discrimination'|website=openDemocracy}}</ref>

In August 2023 it was revealed a child began to experience lung complications with an invasive aspergillosis infection which led to his death.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mylondon.news/news/north-london-news/boys-death-after-last-chance-27444454/|title=boys-death-after-last-chance|first1=Callum|last1=Cuddeford|date=3 August 2023|via=My London}}</ref>

In 2024 it was revealed that hundreds of children at Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH) have suffered life-altering injuries, including amputations, permanent deformities, and chronic pain, following their treatment by the consultant orthopedic surgeon [[Yaser Jabbar]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/healthcare/article/great-ormond-street-hospital-surgeon-yaser-jabbar-gmwbk0p02|title=721 children in rogue surgeon investigation at Great Ormond Street|work=[[The Times]]|date=7 September 2024}}</ref>

== Patients-led assessments ==

===Food quality===

In 2013 a survey of more than 1,300 health units revealed Great Ormond Street Hospital had the second worst score in London and the 13th lowest score overall. The hospital that treats some of the country's most severely ill children and teenagers said it was surprised by the results of the first patient-led assessment of non-clinical issues. According to a hospital spokeswoman, the food quality has now improved "after extensive taste testing."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/health/great-ormond-street-hospital-food-among-uk-worst-8838572.html|title=Great Ormond Street Hospital food 'among UK worst'|date=25 September 2013|website=Evening Standard}}</ref>

In 2023 a new patient-led assessment released by NHS Digital revealed Great Ormond Street Hospital was still ranked amongst the worst hospitals in UK with the 40th lowest score overall. As part of the assessment of food provision, assessors were asked questions regarding the choice of food offered, the availability of food 24 hours a day, meal times, and menu accessibility. A ward-level assessment of the food was also conducted, including an assessment of taste, texture, and serving temperature.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.hsj.co.uk/policy-and-regulation/revealed-best-and-worst-trusts-for-cleanliness-and-food/7034599.article|title=Revealed: Best and worst trusts for cleanliness and food|first=Zoe|last=Tidman |date=2023-04-11|website=Health Service Journal}}</ref>

===Cleanliness===

in 2023 the patients-led assessment data released by NHS Digital also revealed Great Ormond Street Hospital was the third worst hospital in UK for cleanliness.<ref name="auto"/>

== Notable staff ==
* [[Lancelot Barrington-Ward]], surgeon
* [[Mildred Creak]], child psychiatrist
* [[Norman Bethune]], Canadian physician and humanitarian
* [[Gwendoline Kirby]], matron 1950-
* [[H. S. Sington]], anaesthetist 1907 to 1938
* [[Lewis Spitz]], surgeon
* [[Catherine Jane Wood]], Matron from 1880
* [[Silvia Schievano]], professor of bio medical engineering

==See also==
* [[Healthcare in London]]
* [[List of hospitals in England]]
* [[Evelina London Children's Hospital]], [[London, UK]]
* [[Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital]], [[Paris, France]]
* [[The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto|Hospital for Sick Children]], [[Toronto, Ontario]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Katharina Boehm, “ ‘A Place for More than the Healing of Bodily Sickness’: Charles Dickens, the Social Mission of Nineteenth-Century Pediatrics, and the Great Ormond Street Hospital for Sick Children.” ''Victorian Review'' 35#1 (2009), pp. 153–74. [http://www.jstor.org/stable/27793709 online]

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website|http://www.gosh.nhs.uk}}
* [http://www.music4gosh.co.uk MUSIC4GOSH Musicians working for Great Ormond Street Hospital Charity]
* [http://www.ucl.ac.uk/ich/ UCL Institute of Child Health website]
* [http://www.jeansforgenes.com Jeans for Genes website]
* [http://www.gosh.org Great Ormond Street Hospital Children's Charity]
* [http://www.hharp.org Historic Hospital Admission Records Project – containing archive of admission records for the Hospital for Sick Children at Great Ormond Street 1852–1914]
* [http://www.gosnursesleague.org Great Ormond Street Hospital Children's Nurses League website]

{{University College London|affiliates}}
{{Children's Hospitals in the United Kingdom}}
{{Peter Pan}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Great Ormond Street Hospital| ]]
[[Category:Hospital buildings completed in 1852]]
[[Category:Hospitals established in 1852]]
[[Category:Children's hospitals in London]]
[[Category:NHS hospitals in London]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Bloomsbury]]
[[Category:Health in the London Borough of Camden]]
[[Category:1852 establishments in England]]
[[Category:Peter Pan]]