View source for Green Party (Brazil)

{{short description|Political party in Brazil}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{One source|date=August 2012}}
{{more citations needed|date=March 2018}}
}}
{{Infobox political party
| colorcode        = {{party color|Green Party (Brazil)}}
| name             = Green Party
| native_name      = Partido Verde
| abbreviation     = PV
| logo             = Logomarca do Partido Verde.svg
| logo_size        = 280px
| president        = [[José Luiz Penna]]
| foundation       = January 1986
| headquarters     = SDS Edifício Miguel Badya, 216<br />[[Brasília]]
| membership       = {{decrease}} 361,471<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tse.jus.br/eleitor/estatisticas-de-eleitorado/filiados|title=Eleitores filiados|work=tse.jus.br|access-date=2016-05-15|archive-date=2018-11-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181103211037/http://inter04.tse.jus.br/ords/dwtse/f?p=2001:104:::NO:::|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| ideology         = [[Green politics]]<br/>
| position         = [[Centre-left politics|Centre-left]]<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2023-12-21 |date=2023-05-15 |first=Hermano |language=pt-BR |last=Chiodi |title=PV dá guinada à esquerda para ‘caber’ em federação com o PT {{!}} O TEMPO |url=https://www.otempo.com.br/politica/aparte/pv-da-guinada-a-esquerda-para-caber-em-federacao-com-o-pt-1.2869149 |website=www.otempo.com.br}}<!-- auto-translated from Portuguese by Module:CS1 translator --></ref>
| national         = [[Brazil of Hope]]
| international    = [[Global Greens]]
| regional         = [[Federation of the Green Parties of the Americas]]
| blank1_title     = TSE Identification Number
| blank1           = 43
| seats1_title     = [[List of current state governors in Brazil|Governorships]]
| seats1           = {{Composition bar|0|27|hex={{party color|Green Party (Brazil)}}}}
| seats2_title     = [[Federal Senate (Brazil)|Federal Senate]]
| seats2           = {{Composition bar|0|81|hex={{party color|Green Party (Brazil)}}}}
| seats3_title     = [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Chamber of Deputies]]
| seats3           = {{Composition bar|6|513|hex={{party color|Green Party (Brazil)}}}}
| seats4_title     = [[Legislative assembly|State Assemblies]]
| seats4           = {{Composition bar|28|1024|hex={{party color|Green Party (Brazil)}}}}
| seats5_title     = [[Mayors]]
| seats5           = {{Composition bar|47|5568|hex={{party color|Green Party (Brazil)}}}}
| seats6_title     = [[Councillor|City councillors]]
| seats6           = {{Composition bar|805|56810|hex={{party color|Green Party (Brazil)}}}}
| colors           = {{Color box|{{party color|Green Party (Brazil)}}|border=darkgray}} [[Green]]
| symbol           = [[File:PV Logo.svg|150px]]
| flag             = [[File:Bandeira Partido Verde Brasil.svg|border|200px]]
| website          = {{URL|http://www.pv.org.br/}}
| country          = Brazil
}}
{{Green politics sidebar}}
The '''Green Party''' ({{langx|pt|Partido Verde}}, PV) is a [[List of political parties in Brazil|political party in Brazil]]. It was constituted after the [[Military dictatorship in Brazil|military dictatorship]] period when limitations on party development were lifted, and, like other green parties around the world, is committed to establishing a set of policies on ensuring [[social equity]] and [[sustainable development]].<ref>{{cite thesis |id={{ProQuest|304122989}} |last1=Hochstetler |first1=Kathryn Ann |date=1994 |title=Social movements in institutional politics: Organizing about the environment in Brazil and Venezuela }}{{pn|date=April 2024}}</ref> One of the party's founding members was the journalist and former anti-dictatorship revolutionary [[Fernando Gabeira]] (a federal [[Chamber of Deputies|deputy]] between 1995 and 2011), along with Alfredo Sirkis and Carlos Minc.

==Platform==

Among the main items on PV's [[Political agenda|agenda]] are [[federalism]], [[environmentalism]], [[human rights]], a form of [[direct democracy]], [[parliamentarism]], [[Social welfare|welfare]], [[civil liberties]], [[pacifism]] and [[marijuana legalization]] under specific conditions.<ref>[https://pv.org.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/programa_web.pdf programa_web.pdf Programa do Partido Verde]</ref> That being said, their four main pillars are defined as ecological sustainability, grassroots democracy, social justice, and nonviolence.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How Green-Party Success Is Reshaping Global Politics |url=https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/how-green-party-success-reshaping-global-politics |access-date=2024-04-01 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref>

The party, however, argues to be in a position on the political spectrum that supposedly goes beyond the "[[Left–right political spectrum|left-right]]" paradigm, considered by its members to be anachronistic and unrealistic.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 1, 2024 |title=Green Party |url=https://pv.org.br/opartido/programa/ }}</ref> <!--Many critics also believe that the party broke the limit not to be a small party set in the context of the "legends of rent" (used by political parties only to be elected). This image is rejected by one of the theoreticians of the party, [[Tibor Rabóczkay]], in the book ''Rethinking the Brazilian Green Party'', with the argument that the going round and round between legends is so common in the big parties, as in the small ones. The author, however, acknowledges that in the effort to achieve the 5% barrier imposed by the barrier clause ("law of exclusion policy" in the words of Rabóczkay), the Green Party has opened its doors to politicians who are not concerned with ecological issues and consequently, tend to be amorphous benches from the green.{{copy edit inline|date=September 2025}}-->

==History==
The Green Party was established in January 1986. It was founded by environmentalists and other activists from social movements, taking as their most expressive leaders [[Carlos Minc]] (who soon returned to the [[Worker's Party (Brazil)|PT]]), Fernando Gabeira, [[Alfredo Sirkis]], Domingos Fernandes, [[José Luiz Penna]], and [[Sarney Filho]].

After Lula's election as president of [[Brazil]] in 2002, the Green Party was assigned the [[Ministry of Culture (Brazil)|Ministry of Culture]], to which pop singer [[Gilberto Gil]] was appointed.

In the 2010 presidential election, the Green Party candidate [[Marina Silva]] gained 19.3% of the vote, thus contributing to [[Dilma Rousseff]]'s failure to gain 50% of the votes, making a run-off election necessary.<ref>{{cite thesis |id={{ProQuest|304122989}} |last1=Hochstetler |first1=Kathryn Ann |date=1994 |title=Social movements in institutional politics: Organizing about the environment in Brazil and Venezuela }}{{pn|date=April 2024}}</ref>

In the 2014 presidential election PV candidate Eduardo Jorge, obtained 0,61% of votes, and the party elected 6 deputies and 1 senator. The party voted in favor of the [[impeachment of Dilma Rousseff]]. The party later went to support president Michel Temer.

In May 2016 PV withdrew its support to Temer and went into [[Crossbencher|crossbench]].

For the [[2018 Brazilian general election|Brazilian general election of 2018]] the party formed with [[Sustainability Network]] the coalition ''United to transform Brazil'', in support of the candidacy of [[Marina Silva]].

In 2022, the party formed with the [[Workers' Party (Brazil)|Workers Party]] and the [[Communist Party of Brazil]] to form the federation [[Brazil of Hope]] in preparation for the [[2022 Brazilian general election]]. Also in 2022, in the upcoming presidential elections, the party supported the pre-candidacy of [[Lula da Silva]] to form the coalition [[Lula da Silva 2022 presidential campaign|Let's go together for Brazil]].

==Representation in government==
{{Unreferenced section|date=November 2023}}
The party is not a major political force in the country, unlike some of its European counterparts (such as [[Alliance 90/The Greens]] in Germany). For a long time, its sole representative in Congress was [[Fernando Gabeira]], elected by [[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro]] (1995–1998, 1999–2002; after a brief period in the [[Workers Party (Brazil)|Workers' Party]], Gabeira returned to PV in 2005). For twenty-eight months, beginning in 2003, the party formed the basis of support for [[First presidency of Lula da Silva|Lula's administration]], breaking up in the second half of May 2005, after stating general dissatisfaction with the environmental policies of the government. [[Gilberto Gil]], the former [[Ministry of Culture (Brazil)|Minister of Culture]] in Lula's government, is nonetheless a member of the party. The national President of the PV is [[José Luiz Penna]], who succeeded the former [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Representative]] [[Alfredo Sirkis]], a former ally of [[Cesar Maia]]. Another important name in the party is [[Sarney Filho]], who was [[Ministry of Environment and Climate Change (Brazil)|Minister of the Environment]] in the [[Presidency of Fernando Henrique Cardoso|Fernando Henrique Cardoso]] and [[Presidency of Michel Temer|Michel Temer]] administrations. The party also differs from its European counterparts in that, like other Brazilian political parties, it has low turnover in partisan positions and accumulation of power in the hands of relatively few people.

In 2007, the National Convention was held in Brasília – DF, marked by legal challenges and complaints about the misuse of [[Party subsidies|federally-allocated party funds]]. Some critics of the administration of Penna in national PV were threatened with expulsion or expelled. The [[Superior Electoral Court]] suspended the party's funds in 2008. Mr. Gabeira also speaks about reviewing the party's program, which has since been widely criticized in the media.{{cn|date=September 2025}}

==Electoral results==
===Presidential elections===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" |Election
! rowspan="2" |Candidate
! rowspan="2" |'''Running mate'''
! rowspan="2" |Alliance
! colspan="2" |First round
! colspan="2" |Second round
! rowspan="2" |'''Result'''
|-
!'''Votes'''
!'''%'''
!'''Votes'''
!'''%'''
|-
![[1989 Brazilian presidential election|1989]]
|[[Fernando Gabeira]] (PV)
|[[Maurício Lobo Abreu]] (PV)
|''None''
|125,842
|0.18 (#18)
| -
| -
|'''Lost''' {{Nay}}
|-
![[1994 Brazilian general election|1994]]
|[[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]] ([[Workers' Party (Brazil)|PT]])
|[[Aloizio Mercadante]] ([[Workers' Party (Brazil)|PT]])
|[[Workers' Party (Brazil)|PT]]; [[Brazilian Socialist Party|PSB]]; [[Communist Party of Brazil|PCdoB]]; [[Cidadania|PPS]]; PV; [[Unified Workers' Socialist Party|PSTU]]
|17,122,127
|27.04% (#2)
| -
| -
|'''Lost''' {{Nay}}
|-
![[1998 Brazilian general election|1998]]
|[[Alfredo Sirkis]] (PV)
|[[Carla Piranda Rabello]] (PV)
|''None''
|212,866
|0.30 (#6)
| -
| -
|'''Lost''' {{Nay}}
|-
![[2002 Brazilian general election|2002]]
|''None''
|''None''
|''None''
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
![[2006 Brazilian presidential election|2006]]
|''None''
|''None''
|''None''
| -
| -
| -
| -
| -
|-
![[2010 Brazilian presidential election|2010]]
|[[Marina Silva]] (PV)
|[[Guilherme Leal]] (PV)
|''None''
|19,636,359
|19.3 (#3)
| -
| -
|'''Lost''' {{Nay}}
|-
![[2014 Brazilian presidential election|2014]]
|[[Eduardo Jorge]] (PV)
|[[Célia Sacramento]] (PV)
|''None''
|630,099
|0.61 (#6)
| -
| -
|'''Lost''' {{Nay}}
|-
![[2018 Brazilian presidential election|2018]]
|[[Marina Silva]] ([[Sustainability Network|REDE]])
|[[Eduardo Jorge]] (PV)
|[[Sustainability Network|REDE]]; PV
|1,069,578
|1.00 (#8)
| -
| -
|'''Lost''' {{Nay}}
|-
![[2022 Brazilian general election|2022]]
|[[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]] ([[Workers' Party (Brazil)|PT]])
|[[Geraldo Alckmin]] ([[Brazilian Socialist Party|PSB]])
|[[Workers' Party (Brazil)|PT]]; [[Communist Party of Brazil|PCdoB]]; PV; [[Socialism and Liberty Party|PSOL]]; [[Sustainability Network|REDE]]; [[Brazilian Socialist Party|PSB]]; [[Solidariedade]]; [[Avante (political party)|Avante]]; [[Act (Brazil)|Agir]]; [[Republican Party of the Social Order|PROS]]
|57,259,504 
|48.43% (#1) 
|60,345,999
|50.90%
|'''Won''' {{Aye}}
|-
| colspan="9" |<small>Source: [http://electionresources.org/br/president.php?election=1994&state=BR Election Resources: Federal Elections in Brazil – Results Lookup]</small>
|}

===Legislative elections===
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!rowspan="2"|Election 
!colspan="4"|[[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Chamber of Deputies]]
!colspan="4"|[[Brazilian Senate|Federal Senate]]
!rowspan="2"|'''Role in government'''
|-
!'''Votes'''
!'''%'''
!'''Seats'''
!+/–
!'''Votes'''
!'''%'''
!'''Seats'''
!+/–
|-
![[1994 Brazilian general election|1994]]
|align="center"|154,666{{efn|Votes obtained in coalition with [[Brazilian Communist Party|PCB]], [[Brazilian Labour Renewal Party|PRTB]], [[United Socialist Workers' Party|PSTU]] and [[Labour Party of Brazil|PTdoB]].}}
|align="center"|0.34%
|style="text-align:center;"|{{composition bar|1|513|hex={{party color|Green Party (Brazil)}}}}
|New
|colspan=4 {{N/A}}
|{{no2|Opposition}}
|-
![[1998 Brazilian general election|1998]]
|align="center"|292,691
|align="center"|0.44%
|style="text-align:center;"|{{composition bar|0|513|hex={{party color|Green Party (Brazil)}}}}
|{{decrease}} 1
|align="center"|163,425
|align="center"|0.26%
|style="text-align:center;"|{{composition bar|0|81|hex={{party color|Green Party (Brazil)}}}}
|New
|{{no|Extra-parliamentary}}
|-
![[2002 Brazilian general election|2002]]
|align="center"|1,179,374
|align="center"|1.35%
|style="text-align:center;" |{{composition bar|5|513|hex={{party color|Green Party (Brazil)}}}}
|{{increase}} 5
|align="center"|962,719
|align="center" |0.63%
|style="text-align:center;"|{{composition bar|0|81|hex={{party color|Green Party (Brazil)}}}}
|{{steady}} 0
|{{yes2|[[First cabinet of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva|Coalition]]}}
|-
![[2006 Brazilian general election|2006]]
|align="center"|3,368,561
|align="center"|3.61%
|style="text-align:center;"|{{composition bar|13|513|hex={{party color|Green Party (Brazil)}}}}
|{{increase}} 8
|align="center"|1,425,765
|align="center"|1.69%
| style="text-align:center;" |{{composition bar|0|81|hex={{party color|Green Party (Brazil)}}}}
|{{steady}} 0
|{{yes2|[[First cabinet of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva|Coalition]]}}
|-
![[2010 Brazilian legislative election|2010]]
|align="center"|3,710,366
|align="center"|3.84%
|style="text-align:center;"|{{composition bar|15|513|hex={{party color|Green Party (Brazil)}}}}
|{{increase}} 2
|align="center"|5,047,797
|align="center"|2.96%
|style="text-align:center;"|{{composition bar|0|81|hex={{party color|Green Party (Brazil)}}}}
|{{steady}} 0
|{{partial|Independent}}
|-
![[2014 Brazilian general election|2014]]
|align="center"|2,004,464
|align="center"|2.06%
|style="text-align:center;"|{{composition bar|8|513|hex={{party color|Green Party (Brazil)}}}}
|{{decrease}} 7
|align="center"|723,576
|align="center"|0.81%
|style="text-align:center;"|{{composition bar|1|81|hex={{party color|Green Party (Brazil)}}}}
|{{increase}} 1
|{{partial|Independent}}
|-
![[2018 Brazilian general election|2018]]
|align="center"|1,592,173
|align="center"|1.62%
|style="text-align:center;"|{{composition bar|4|513|hex={{party color|Green Party (Brazil)}}}}
|{{decrease}} 4
|align="center"|1,226,392
|align="center"|0.72%
|style="text-align:center;"|{{composition bar|0|81|hex={{party color|Green Party (Brazil)}}}}
|{{decrease}} 1
|{{no2|Opposition}}
|-
![[2022 Brazilian general election|2022]]
|align="center"|15,354,125{{efn|Votes obtained as part of [[Brazil of Hope]] coalition.}}
|align="center"|13.93%
|style="text-align:center;"|{{composition bar|6|513|hex={{party color|Green Party (Brazil)}}}}
|{{increase}} 2
|align="center"|475,597
|align="center"|0.47%
|style="text-align:center;"|{{composition bar|0|81|hex={{party color|Green Party (Brazil)}}}}
|{{steady}} 0
|{{yes2|[[Second cabinet of Lula da Silva|Coalition]]}}
|-
|colspan="10"|<small>Sources: [http://electionresources.org/br/deputies.php?election=1998&state=BR Election Resources], [https://web.archive.org/web/20110515095756/http://jaironicolau.iesp.uerj.br/banco2004.html Dados Eleitorais do Brasil (1982–2006)]</small>
|}
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==

* {{Official website}} (in Portuguese)
{{s-start}}
{{succession box|title=Numbers of Brazilian Official Political Parties|before=[[Brazilian Socialist Party|40 – BSP (PSB)]]|after=[[Brazil Union|44 – UNION (UNIÃO)]]|years=43 – GP (PV)}}
{{s-end}}
{{Brazil political parties}}
{{Green parties}}

[[Category:1986 establishments in Brazil]]
[[Category:Centre-left parties in South America]]
[[Category:Federalist parties]]
[[Category:Global Greens member parties]]
[[Category:Green parties in South America]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1986]]
[[Category:Political parties in Brazil]]