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{{Short description|Seneca Chief and diplomat}}
{{Infobox American Indian chief
| name            = Guyasuta
| image           = File:Guyasuta.jpg
| image_size      = 
| caption         = Portrait of Guyasuta, late 18th century 
| tribe           = [[Seneca (tribe)|Seneca]]
| lead            = 
| birth_date      = c.1725
| birth_place     = Western [[New York (state)|New York]]
| death_date      = c.1794 (aged 68–69)
| death_place     =  O'Hara estate near [[Sharpsburg, Pennsylvania]]
| predecessor     = 
| successor       = 
| native_name     = ''Gi-yo-so-do''<ref name = "Draper"/>
| native_name_lang = [[Seneca language|Seneca]]
| nicknames       = 
| battles         = {{tree list}}
*[[French and Indian War]]
**[[Battle of the Monongahela]]
**[[Battle of Fort Duquesne]]
**[[Battle of Loyalhanna]]
*[[Pontiac's Rebellion]]
**Capture of [[Fort Venango]]
**[[Siege of Fort Pitt]]
**[[Battle of Bushy Run]]
*[[American Revolutionary War]]
**[[Siege of Fort Stanwix]]
**[[Battle of Oriskany]]
**[[Siege of Fort Henry (1782)]]
{{tree list/end}}
| resting_place   = Disputed
| rp_coordinates  = 
| spouse          = 
| children        = 
| parents         = 
| relations       = {{Plainlist|
* [[Cornplanter]] (nephew)
* [[Handsome Lake]] (nephew)
}}
}}

'''Guyasuta'''{{#tag:ref|Spelling variations include Guyashuta, Guyasoota, Guy-a-soot-er, Guyasootha, Guyasotha, Guyasutha, Giosodo, Kayashota, Kayasota, Kayasutha, Keyashuta, Kiasota, Kiashuta, Kiasutha, Kiosola, Kiyashuta, and Kyasoota.|group="Note"}} {{IPAc-en|ˌ|ɡ|aɪ|ə|ˈ|s|uː|t|ə}} (c. 1725&ndash;c. 1794; {{langx|see|Kayahsotaˀ}}, "he stands up to the cross" or "he sets up the cross") was an important Native American leader of the [[Seneca (tribe)|Seneca]] people in the second half of the eighteenth century, playing a central role in the diplomacy and warfare of that era. Although he became friends with [[George Washington]] in 1753, he sided with the French against Britain during the [[French and Indian War]] and fought against the British in [[Pontiac's War]]. He later supported the British during the [[American Revolutionary War]]. In his final years, he engaged in peacemaking to end the [[Northwest Indian War]].

== Early life and family ==

Born in a [[Mingo]] community in upstate New York, probably on the [[Genesee River]],<ref name = "Abler">[http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/kayahsota_4E.html Thomas S. Abler, "KAYAHSOTAˀ," in ''Dictionary of Canadian Biography,'' vol. 4, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–, accessed April 20, 2024]</ref> he and his family migrated along the [[Allegheny River]] and after 1725 they settled in [[Logstown]], a mostly-Iroquois village in Pennsylvania.<ref name = "Crytzer">[https://books.google.com/books?id=-0t_CQAAQBAJ Brady J. Crytzer, ''Fort Pitt: A Frontier History,'' Arcadia Publishing, 2014]</ref> Guyasuta was a maternal uncle to [[Cornplanter]]<ref name = "Abler2">[https://books.google.com/books?id=-_ChEAAAQBAJ Abler, Thomas S. ''Cornplanter: Chief Warrior of the Allegany Senecas.'' Syracuse University Press, 2022.]</ref>{{rp|20}} and [[Handsome Lake]].<ref name = "Wallace">[https://books.google.com/books?id=aiOpKRXS678C Wallace, Anthony. ''Death and Rebirth of Seneca.'' Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, 2010.]</ref>{{rp|114, 188, 347}} He was distantly related to [[Governor Blacksnake]] and [[Red Jacket]].<ref name = "Abler2"/>{{rp|20}}

Guyasuta married twice and had six sons, of whom very little is known.<ref name = "Wallace"/>{{rp|188}} He is reported to have sent one of his sons to Philadelphia "to learn English, to be an interpreter." In August 1762 the boy was returned to his family.<ref name = "Gist">[http://www.usgwarchives.net/pa/1pa/1picts/gist/gj3b.html ''Christopher Gist's Journals, with Historical, Geographical and Ethnological Notes,'' William Darlington, ed. Pittsburgh: J. R. Weldin & Co, 1893]</ref>{{rp|210}}

== Journey with Washington, 1753 ==

[[File:Washington & M St Pierre.jpg|thumb|right|George Washington (left) meeting with French military commander [[Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre]] at [[Fort Le Boeuf]] in 1753. In the background are [[Tanacharison]] and another Indian from Logstown, possibly Guyasuta.|220px]]Guyasuta first appears in colonial records when he met the 21-year-old [[George Washington]], who had been assigned to deliver a message to the French commandant at [[Fort Leboeuf]]. In late 1753, Virginia [[Robert Dinwiddie|Governor Dinwiddie]] appointed newly-commissioned Major Washington as a special envoy to demand that the French vacate the [[Ohio Country]], which the British had claimed.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=4iNCAAAAIAAJ Hale, Edward Everett. ''The Life of George Washington Studied Anew.'' G.P. Putnam's sons, 1887.]</ref> Arriving with [[Christopher Gist]] in Logstown on November 23, Washington held council with Native American leaders, including [[Shingas]], [[Scarouady]], and [[Tanacharison]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=h1xRvgAACAAJ Crytzer, Brady. ''Major Washington's Pittsburgh and the Mission to Fort Le Boeuf.'' History Press, 2011.]</ref> Washington explained his mission and received assurances that the Indians and the English "were brothers." Tanacharison told Washington that "he cou’d not consent to our going without a Guard, for fear some Accident shou’d befall us," and volunteered to accompany Washington, along with Kaghswaghtaniunt (White Thunder),<ref>[http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/kaghswaghtaniunt_3E.html William A. Hunter, "Kaghswaghtaniunt," in ''Dictionary of Canadian Biography,'' vol. 3, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–, accessed April 20, 2024]</ref> Guyasuta, and Jeskakake. Their purpose was to return three belts of [[wampum]] sent by the French as a symbol of friendship. Returning the wampum was a gesture intended to show that the [[sachem]]s at Logstown were allied with the English. Washington wrote in his diary that "I knew that returning of Wampum was the abolishing of Agreements; & giving this up was shaking of all Dependence upon the French." Guyasuta referred to George Washington as "Tall Hunter," and is referred to as "The Hunter," and "one of their best Hunters," in Washington's journal, ''Journey to the French Commandant.''<ref name = "Journal">[https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/01-01-02-0003-0002 George Washington, "Journey to the French Commandant: Narrative," Founders Online, National Archives. ''The Diaries of George Washington,'' vol. 1, 11 March 1748 – 13 November 1765, ed. Donald Jackson. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1976, pp. 130–161.]</ref><ref name = "Sipe">[https://archive.org/stream/indianchiefsofpe00sipe/indianchiefsofpe00sipe_djvu.txt C. Hale Sipe, ''The Indian chiefs of Pennsylvania, or, A story of the part played by the American Indian in the history of Pennsylvania: based primarily on the Pennsylvania archives and colonial records, and built around the outstanding chiefs.'' Ziegler Printing Co., Inc. Butler, PA, 1927; pp 371-408]</ref>{{rp|191}} 

Washington and his men left Logstown on November 30 and reached Venango at [[French Creek (Allegheny River tributary)|French Creek]] on December 4, where they were warmly greeted by [[Philippe-Thomas Chabert de Joncaire]], who was in command of the French troops at Venango. Joncaire provided Washington's men with wine and brandy, and when intoxicated, Washington's Native American companions, including Guyasuta, declared their loyalty to the French. It took Washington three days to persuade them to move on to Fort Le Boeuf, where they met the French commander [[Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre]]. Tanacharison tried to return the wampum to Saint-Pierre, "who evaded taking it, & made many fair Promises of Love & Friendship; said he wanted to live in Peace & trade amicably with them; as a Proof of which, he wou’d send some Goods immediately down to the Logstown for them.<ref name = "Journal"/> As they prepared to leave, White Thunder was injured, and Tanacharison decided to stay with him, sending Guyasuta to accompany Washington and Gist, but as Washington's horses were slowed down by baggage, Washington and Gist left them with Guyasuta and a driver and proceeded on foot. Guyasuta returned with Tanacharison to Logstown on January 15, 1754.<ref name = "Hunter1">[http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/tanaghrisson_3E.html William A. Hunter, "Tanaghrisson," in ''Dictionary of Canadian Biography,'' vol. 3, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–, accessed April 20, 2024]</ref>

== French and Indian War ==
{{main|French and Indian War}}

=== Battle of the Monongahela ===

[[File:Indians ambush British at Battle of the Monongahela.jpg|thumb|right|Native American warriors attacking British troops at the [[Battle of the Monongahela]].]]In July 1755, as the [[Braddock Expedition]] marched towards [[Fort Duquesne]], the French recruited Native American warriors, including [[Odawa|Ottawas]], [[Ojibwe]]s, [[Mississaugas]], and Ohio Valley Indians including Guyasuta, to assist in its defense.<ref name = "Abler"/> General [[Claude-Pierre Pécaudy de Contrecœur]] felt that the warriors would be less effective in or near the fort, and instead deployed them in the open forests south of the fort, where their rifles could hit targets at long range while the Indians fired from behind rocks and trees. The British were unable to employ traditional [[volley fire]] tactics and were routed.<ref name = "Holton">[https://books.google.com/books?id=rbUYEAAAQBAJ Holton, Woody. ''Liberty Is Sweet: The Hidden History of the American Revolution.'' Simon & Schuster, 2021.]</ref> When Guyasuta met Washington again in Ohio in October 1770,<ref name = "Sipe"/>{{rp|371}} the warrior described how he had attempted to shoot Washington twice on the field of battle, and both times something had mysteriously deflected his bullet.<ref name = "Wolf">[https://bridgevillehistory.org/braddocks-campaign/ Ed Wolf, "Braddock’s Campaign,"  Bridgeville Area Historical Society, August 30, 2018]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=B57UBAAAQBAJ Beirne, Logan. ''Blood of Tyrants: George Washington & the Forging of the Presidency.'' Encounter Books, 2014.]</ref>{{rp|158}}

=== Delegation to Montreal ===

Guyasuta was recognized for his participation in the victory, and in late 1755 was selected to lead a party of twenty Senecas to visit [[Montreal]] accompanied by [[Philippe-Thomas Chabert de Joncaire]], who served as interpreter. At the [[Château Vaudreuil]] the Indians were received in the council chamber with much ceremony by the [[Governor General of Canada]], the [[Pierre de Rigaud, marquis de Vaudreuil-Cavagnial|Marquis de Vaudreuil]].<ref name = "Abler"/><ref name = "Sipe"/>{{rp|371-72}} Guyasuta, chief and [[orator]] of the Senecas, addressed Vaudreuil, seeking a formal alliance with the French. The delegation remained in Montreal until the following spring.<ref name = "Gist"/>{{rp|210}}

=== Adoption of Simon Girty ===

In August 1756, Guyasuta participated in the capture of [[Fort Granville]], taking captive 22 soldiers, 3 women, and 5 or 6 children, among whom were 15-year-old [[Simon Girty]], his three brothers, and his mother and stepfather. Simon Girty was adopted by Guyasuta and lived with him until 1764, when by arrangement with [[Henry Bouquet|Colonel Henry Bouquet]], over 200 white captives were handed over to British authorities. On November 14 1764, Guyasuta took Girty to Bouquet's camp on the [[Muskingum River]] and handed him over directly to [[Alexander McKee|Lieutenant Alexander McKee]], assistant deputy agent for the [[British Indian Department]]. Having learned nine Native American languages during his years with the Seneca, Girty became an interpreter for the British Army and, in this role, encountered Guyasuta frequently during negotiations.<ref name = "Butts">[https://books.google.com/books?id=rMUtjVHly0cC Butts, Edward. ''Simon Girty: Wilderness Warrior.'' Canada: Dundurn, 2011.]</ref>{{rp|35-41}}

=== Battle of Fort Duquesne ===

In September 1758, Guyasuta was again called to defend Fort Duquesne when the [[Forbes Expedition]] arrived. A reconnaissance force under [[James Grant (British Army officer, born 1720)|Major James Grant]] had gone ahead, and Grant decided to attack the fort, thinking that the garrison would be easily overcome. Instead, in the ensuing [[Battle of Fort Duquesne]], French marines and Native American warriors overwhelmed Grant's troops, capturing him. [[James Smith (frontiersman)|James Smith]] described the battle:
:"The French and Indians knew not that Grant and his men were there until they beat the drum and played upon the bagpipes, just at daylight. They then flew to arms, and the Indians ran up under cover of the banks of Allegheny and [[Monongahela River|Monongahela]], for some distance, and then sallied out from the banks of the rivers, and took possession of the hill above Grant; and as he was on the point of it in sight of the fort, they immediately surrounded him, and as he had his Highlanders in ranks, and in very close order, and the Indians scattered, and concealed behind trees, they defeated him with the loss only of a few warriors; most of the Highlanders were killed or taken prisoners."<ref>{{cite book|last=Smith, James|title=An account of the remarkable occurrences in the life and travels of Colonel James Smith|year=1799|page=102|url=https://archive.org/stream/accountofremarka00smit#page/102/mode/2up/search/vigilence}}</ref> 

Guyasuta's warriors decapitated the bodies of Grant's highlanders and impaled the heads on stakes in front of the fort.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=pib8h1R5pQAC Baldwin, Leland D. ''Pittsburgh: The Story of a City, 1750-1865.'' University of Pittsburgh Press, 1937.]</ref>{{rp|52}}

=== Battle of Loyalhanna ===

In October 1758, Guyasuta led a force of warriors in the [[Battle of Loyalhanna]], together with 450 French troops under the command of [[Charles Philippe Aubry]] and 150 Lenape led by [[Keekyuscung]],<ref name = "Hunter">[http://libsysdigi.library.illinois.edu/OCA/Books2012-06/fortsonpennsylva00hunt/fortsonpennsylva00hunt.pdf Hunter, William Albert. ''Forts on the Pennsylvania Frontier: 1753–1758,'' (Classic Reprint). Fb&c Limited, 2018; pp 330-340]</ref>{{rp|134}} but the British, under the command of [[James Burd|Colonel James Burd]], repulsed the attack.<ref name = "Sipe"/>{{rp|373-74}}

=== Peace conference at Fort Pitt, 1759 ===

In July 1759, Guyasuta, two other chiefs and sixteen warriors of the [[Iroquois|Six Nations]], along with a number of [[Lenape]], [[Shawnee]] and [[Wyandot people|Wyandot]] leaders, attended a conference at Pittsburgh with [[George Croghan]], [[William Trent]], [[Hugh Mercer|Colonel Hugh Mercer]], and the officers of [[Fort Pitt (Pennsylvania)|Fort Pitt]].<ref name = "Gist"/>{{rp|210}} At this conference the terms of the 1758 [[Treaty of Easton]] were reaffirmed, and the tribal leaders promised to hand over captives taken during the [[French and Indian War]].<ref name = "Sipe"/>{{rp|375}} Guyasuta became close friends with George Croghan at this conference, a relationship which they maintained for many years.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=r6HqCQAAQBAJ Wainwright, Nicholas B. ''George Croghan: Wilderness Diplomat.'' Omohundro Institute and UNC Press, 2012.]</ref>{{rp|293}} Croghan once referred to Guyasuta as "a Sencable good Tempered Indian."<ref name = "Dixon"/>

== Pontiac's War ==
{{main|Pontiac's War}}

Guyasuta was a major player in [[Pontiac's Rebellion]]&mdash;indeed, some historians once referred to that war as the ''Pontiac–Guyasuta War''.<ref name = "Sipe"/>{{rp|294, 319, 394}} As early as 1761 he and Seneca war chief Tahaiadoris were circulating a large red wampum belt, known as the war hatchet, among the Native American communities near Detroit.<ref name = "Abler"/> According to [[Sir William Johnson, 1st Baronet|Sir William Johnson]]'s deputy, George Croghan, the purpose was to bring on a general uprising, which appeared imminent.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=PqwNAAAAQAAJ Parkman, Francis. ''The Conspiracy of Pontiac and the Indian War After the Conquest of Canada.'' New York: Macmillan, 1885.]</ref>{{rp|182}} Croghan learned that Guyasuta and Tahaiadoris were planning to incite the tribes around Detroit, the Ottawa, [[Potawatomi]], and Wyandot, to surprise the garrison there and take over the fort, giving their warriors access to abundant stores of guns and ammunition. Next, the nations in the [[Ohio River Valley]], the Delaware, Shawnee, and [[Twightwee]], would attack the smaller forts around Fort Pitt. The Mingo and other Iroquois allies would attack and capture the French-built forts of [[Fort Presque Isle|Presque Isle]], [[Fort Le Boeuf]], and [[Fort Venango]]. Finally, the [[Iroquois|Iroquois Six Nations Confederacy]] would cut communications between [[Fort Niagara]], [[Oswego, New York|Oswego]], and the [[Mohawk Valley]].<ref name = "Wallace"/>{{rp|115}} With these communication and supply routes secured, the major military posts at Niagara and Fort Pitt could be starved into surrender, as the Native Americans were not inclined to try to take these forts by force, being unaccustomed to [[siege warfare]].<ref>[https://www.jstor.org/stable/20174167 Richard Middleton, "Pontiac: Local Warrior or Pan-Indian Leader?" ''Michigan Historical Review,'' Vol. 32, No. 2, Fall, 2006, pp. 1-32]</ref>{{rp|5}} 

[[File:The Battle of Bushy Run.jpg|thumb|right|Highlanders charge at the Battle of Bushy Run.|300px]]This scheme assumed that the French would support the uprising with weaponry and hopefully troops. Guyasuta and Tahaiadoris also suggested forming an alliance with the [[Cherokee]], who were traditional enemies of the Iroquois.<ref>Nicholas B. Wainwright, ed., "George Croghan's Journal, 1759-1763," ''Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography,'' vol 71, no. 4, 1947: pp 410-11</ref> Guyasuta's interpreter revealed the plot to the commander at [[Fort Detroit]], and an Odawa chief confirmed the allegation, identifying Guysuta as the "bad bird among us." Guyasuta confessed his involvement in the scheme to Croghan several years later.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=LNKNhY0MX8UC Fenton, William Nelson. ''The Great Law and the Longhouse: A Political History of the Iroquois Confederacy.'' Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1998.]</ref>{{rp|520-524}}

Guyasuta and Tahaiadoris visited several of the Ohio Valley tribes and sent wampum war belts to tribes in the Illinois country, trying to convene a war conference in [[Sandusky, Ohio|Sandusky]], but many tribal leaders were skeptical of their plan. Native American communities were still recovering from the French and Indian War and were not ready to make enemies of the British and their powerful armies. Even [[Jeffery Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst|Jeffery Amherst]], [[Commander-in-Chief of the Forces]] in the [[British Army]], dismissed the scheme, doubting that the tribes could coordinate such a massive and complex operation. But [[Pontiac%27s War#Amherst's policies|Amherst then began implementing policies]] that increased tension among Native Americans. He demanded that captives be returned and that Native Americans accused of committing crimes against white settlers be tried and punished according to British law. He also severely restricted the quantity and types of goods to be sold or given to the Indians, particularly firearms and alcohol. Amherst was opposed to the practice of gift-giving, a traditional part of Native American alliances, as he felt this supported a "culture of dependency." This created a wave of anger and resentment that [[Pontiac (Odawa leader)|Pontiac]] exploited in 1763, after it was announced that France had signed a peace treaty with Britain and the ''[[Pays d'en Haut]]'' would come under British control, contrary to previous British promises to leave the region.<ref name = "Dixon">[https://books.google.com/books?id=6KSVAwAAQBAJ Dixon, David. ''Never Come to Peace Again: Pontiac's Uprising and the Fate of the British Empire in North America.'' Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2005]</ref>

Although the Seneca remained neutral during the war, Guyasuta and other Seneca warriors took part in the capture of [[Fort Venango]],<ref name = "Harper"/>{{rp|8}} gaining entrance to the fort by pretending to be unarmed and friendly.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=F9uSGbnFpAAC Blacksnake., Williams, Benjamin. ''Chainbreaker: The Revolutionary War Memoirs of Governor Blacksnake as Told to Benjamin Williams.'' University of Nebraska Press, 2005.]</ref>{{rp|30}}<ref name = "Draper">[https://books.google.com/books?id=Ue-eDgAAQBAJ Draper, Lyman Copeland, Cardinal, Jaré R. ''Notes Of Border History; Taken on a Trip to the western part of Penna., & the adjoining parts of N. Y. & Ohio.'' RAJ Publications, 2016.]</ref>{{rp|64-65}} A few days later, Guyasuta and his warriors joined in the assault on [[Fort Presque Isle]]<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=z6zOEAAAQBAJ Nester, William R., ''Haughty Conquerors: Amherst and the Great Indian Uprising of 1763.'' Bloomsbury Publishing, 2000.]</ref>{{rp|99-100}} and then participated in the [[siege of Fort Pitt]].<ref name = "Abler"/> When Colonel [[Henry Bouquet]] arrived with a relief column, Guyasuta joined Delaware and Shawnee warriors in trying to prevent it from reaching the fort.<ref>[https://krex.k-state.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/eddfb199-742e-4c49-824c-ab32540b264f/content Kevin W. Bukowski, "The true advantage of experience: Anglo-American military leadership on the Pennsylvania frontier from 1750-1765," master's thesis in history, Kansas State University, 2022]</ref> They were defeated at the [[Battle of Bushy Run]].<ref name = "Sipe"/>{{rp|377-78}}{{#tag:ref|Guyasuta's participation in the Battle of Bushy Run is disputed: Historian [[Paul A. W. Wallace]] states that the Seneca warriors were led by Gaustarax, not Guyasuta.<ref name = "Wallace2">[https://books.google.com/books?id=4ryqOZkO1LUC Wallace, Paul A. W. ''Indians in Pennsylvania.'' DIANE Publishing Company, 2007.]{{ISBN|1422314936}}</ref>{{rp|152, 175}}|group="Note"}} Guyasuta signed a preliminary peace agreement on August 12 1764, and participated in the handover of captives,<ref name = "Abler"/> including his own adopted son, [[Simon Girty]].<ref name = "Butts"/>

== Peace conference at Fort Pitt, 1765 ==

On May 10 1765, Guyasuta attended a peace conference at Fort Pitt to discuss the resumption of trade relations between Pennsylvania
and the Western Indians after Pontiac's War. He was one of the principal speakers on this occasion, and represented the Senecas. He made a speech which summarizes the distrust and frustration most Native Americans felt after inconsistent treatment by the British government:
:""When you first came to drive the French from this place, the [[Governor of Pennsylvania]] sent us a Message that we should withdraw from the French, & that when the English was settled here, we should want for nothing. It's true, you did supply us very well, but it was only while the War was doubtful, & as soon as you conquer'd the French you did not care how you treated us, as you did not then think us worth your Notice; we request you may not treat us again in this manner, but now open the Trade and do not put us off with telling us you must first hear from your great man before it can be done. If you have but little goods, let us have them for our skins, and let us have a part of your rum, or we cannot [rely] on what you tell us for the future."<ref name = "Sipe"/>{{rp|401}}

== Meeting with George Washington, 1770 ==

In October 1770, Washington was traveling along the [[Ohio River]] looking for lands suitable to be given to Virginia veterans in payment for their services. By chance, he found Guyasuta's camp, and the two men had a pleasant reunion just below present-day [[Pond Creek, West Virginia]]. Washington later wrote:
:"In the Person of Kiashuta I found an old acquaintance...He expressd a satisfaction in seeing me and treated us with great kindness, giving us a Quarter of very fine Buffalo. He insisted upon our spending that Night with him, and...thankd me for saying that Peace & friendship was the wish of the People of Virginia (with them) & for recommending it to the Traders to deal with them upon a fair & equitable footing; and then again express'd their desire of having a Trade opend with Virginia, & that the Governor thereof might not only be made acquainted therewith, but of their friendly disposition towards the white People."<ref>[https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/01-02-02-0005-0029 "Remarks & Occurrs. in October 1770," Founders Online, National Archives. ''The Diaries of George Washington,'' vol. 2, 14 January 1766 – 31 December 1770, ed. Donald Jackson. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1976, pp. 286–307.]</ref>

In October 1774, Guyasuta, passing through Philadelphia while on a mission from the tribes in the Illinois and Ohio country to [[Guy Johnson]], superintendent of Indian affairs for the northern [[British Indian Department]], encountered Washington, who was in the city for the [[First Continental Congress]].<ref>[https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/01-03-02-0004-0019 "October 1774," Founders Online, National Archives. ''The Diaries of George Washington,'' vol. 3, 1 January 1771–5 November 1781, ed. Donald Jackson. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1978, pp. 282–288.]</ref>

== Meetings with David McClure and Sir William Johnson, 1772 ==

The failure of Pontiac's War led Guyasuta, and other Native American leaders, to understand that negotiating with the white man had the potential to improve trade relations and confer some protection, as long as Native Americans adopted ways that Europeans regarded as "civilized." Accordingly, Guyasuta purchased fine clothes and a carriage, and began to learn English, using Simon Girty as his interpreter until he became fluent in 1775. He traveled to cities in Pennsylvania and New York, went to scientific presentations, and promoted values and ideas he knew would be respected by colonial Americans.<ref name = "Harper">[https://books.google.com/books?id=zFRBDwAAQBAJ Harper, Rob. ''Unsettling the West: Violence and State Building in the Ohio Valley.'' Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2018; pp 8-9]</ref> 

On August 18 1772, he met by chance with the newly-ordained [[Presbyterian]] missionary David McClure, on a Pennsylvania road. McClure was on his way to preach to the [[Lenape people]], and later described the encounter in his diary:
:"Aug. 18. Crossed the [[Loyalhanna Creek|Laurel hanning]], a pleasant stream which runs through [[Ligonier Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania|Ligonier]], & rode to Col. Proctor's. Here we found Kiahshutah, Chief of the Senecas, on his way to Philadelphia & from thence [[Sir William Johnson, 1st Baronet| Sr. Wm. Johnson]]'s, who, as his interpreter Simon Girty informed us, had sent for him...He was dressed in a scarlet cloth turned up with lace, & a high gold laced hat, & made a martial appearance. He had a very sensible countenance & dignity of manners. His interpreter informed him of the business on which we were going. I asked him his opinion of it. He paused a few moments, & replied that he was afraid it would not succeed; for said he, 'the Indians are a roving people, & they will not attend to your instructions; but take courage & make trial. The King of the Delawares & the warriors are now at home, & you will see them.'"<ref name = "McClure">[https://caleb-cangelosi-437x.squarespace.com/s/McClure-David-Diary-of-David-McClure.pdf David McClure, ''Diary of David McClure, Doctor of Divinity, 1748-1820, with notes by Franklin Dexter,'' The Knickerbocker Press, New York, I899]</ref>{{rp|42}}

On November 11, the ''[[Pennsylvania Gazette]]'' reported:
:"On Saturday last Kayashuta, the Great Seneca Chief, returned to this city from [[Johnson Hall]], where he has been on a visit to Sir William Johnson, of the greatest Importance to the Colonies. The Entertainment he received, when last here, at seeing a few Electrical Experiments, has so engaged his attention and admiration, that we are informed, his first Enquiry at his Return was, whether he could have another Opportunity of seeing Thunder and Lightning produced by human art? And we hear he is determined to attend [[Ebenezer Kinnersley|Mr. Kinnersley's]] lectures at the College on Thursday and Friday Evenings next."<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=E00rEAAAQBAJ Lemay, J. A. Leo. ''Ebenezer Kinnersley: Franklin's Friend.'' Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2017]</ref>{{rp|106}}

== American Revolutionary War ==

At the outset of the [[American Revolutionary War]], Guyasuta sided with the British, like most [[Iroquois]], although he initially argued that the Seneca should remain neutral.<ref name = "Wallace"/>{{rp|129-133}} At a conference at Fort Pitt in October 1775, Guyasuta offered to help implement the terms of surrender agreed to by the Shawnee at the end of [[Lord Dunmore's War]]. At this conference, the American revolutionaries attempted to win Guyasuta to their cause but, he observed that he and other Native American leaders were hesitant, due to ongoing disputes among the rebel representatives.<ref name = "Abler"/> Another conference at Fort Pitt was called in July 1776 to enable Guyasuta, as the representative of the Six Nations in the Ohio and Allegheny valleys, to define his position in the conflict between England and the American colonies. "I am appointed," said Guyasuta, "by the Six Nations to take care of this country...and I desire you will not think of an expedition against Detroit [then in the possession of the British], for, I repeat, we will not suffer an army to pass through our country."<ref name = "Sipe"/>{{rp|403}} Together with [[Richard Butler (general)|General Richard Butler]],<ref>[https://journals.psu.edu/wph/article/view/2017/1865 Williams, Edward G. "The Journal of Richard Butler, 1775: Continental Congress’ Envoy to the Western Indians." ''Western Pennsylvania Historical Magazine,'' 46 (October 1963), 47 (January and April 1964).]</ref> Guyasuta worked to persuade the [[Mingo]] to remain neutral,<ref>[https://repository.lib.ncsu.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/26f5905a-6f04-47cb-ade6-613ed6a307ff/content Loren Michael Mortimer, "Pageants of Sovereignty: 'Merciless Indian Savages' and American Nation-State Formation on the Northern Borderlands, 1774-1775," master's thesis in history, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 2013]</ref>{{rp|109-16}} and in recognition of his services, the [[Continental Congress]] awarded him a silver [[gorget]] and a colonel's commission.<ref name = "Abler"/><ref name = "Holton"/> Guyasuta had no illusions that the British would make better allies than the American rebels. He referred to the revolution as "an unnecessary war," adding, "We must be fools indeed to imagine that they regard us or our interest."<ref name = "Holton"/>

[[File:Nativesiegeforthenry.jpg|thumb|right|Native American warriors attacking [[Fort Henry (West Virginia)|Fort Henry]] in September 1782.]]Within a year, however, Guyasuta's stance had changed, and he accompanied his nephew [[Cornplanter]] to the [[Siege of Fort Stanwix]], where he took part in the [[Battle of Oriskany]] in August 1777. In December 1777, his former adopted son [[Simon Girty]] reported that he had killed settlers near [[Fort Ligonier]], as described in a letter from Colonel John Gibson to George Washington: "Simon Girty, a Messenger dispatched by [[Edward Hand|General Hand]] to the Seneca towns on the Heads of the Allegeney, Returned here a few days agoe, he informs us Guashota a Chief of them had Returned from War, that he had killed four people near Legonier."<ref>[https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/03-12-02-0514 "To George Washington from Colonel John Gibson, 5 December 1777," Founders Online, National Archives. ''The Papers of George Washington,'' Revolutionary War Series, vol. 12, 26 October 1777 – 25 December 1777, ed. Frank E. Grizzard, Jr. and David R. Hoth. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 2002, pp. 562–563.]</ref> 

In August and September 1779, [[Daniel Brodhead|Lieutenant Colonel Daniel Brodhead]] directed a series of raids against the Senecas living in southwestern New York State. Brodhead and a contingent of soldiers and militia went from Fort Pitt, up the Allegheny River into New York, intending to drive the Seneca out of their villages. Most of the warriors were away fighting [[John Sullivan (general)|General John Sullivan]], and Guyasuta led thirty Seneca warriors to oppose Brodhead.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=_kUIAwAAQBAJ Sipe, Chester Hale. ''The Indian Wars of Pennsylvania: An Account of the Indian Events, in Pennsylvania, of the French and Indian War, Pontiac's War, Lord Dunmore's War, the Revolutionary War and the Indian Uprising from 1789 to 1795; Tragedies of the Pennsylvania Frontier Based Primarily on the Penna. Archives and Colonial Records.'' Telegraph Press, 1931.]</ref>{{rp|585}} In a brief [[skirmish]] at [[Brokenstraw Creek]], five Seneca warriors were killed before they fled. Guyasuta later appeared at [[Fort Niagara]] demanding a hundred soldiers to defend Seneca communities, but the British commander refused, and Brodhead's men killed people, destroyed crops and burned over 130 Seneca homes without meeting any resistance.<ref name = "Abler"/><ref name = "Sipe"/>{{rp|403}}

On July 13 1782, in one of the final actions of the American Revolution, the settlement of [[Hannastown, Pennsylvania]] was attacked and destroyed by a British military detachment of sixty Canadian rangers from [[Fort Niagara]] and a hundred Seneca warriors led by Guyasuta.<ref name = "Dixon"/> The population of the town was alerted by harvesters in the fields and took refuge in a [[blockhouse]] while the warriors destroyed the town.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=pSMMAAAAYAAJ George P. Donehoo, ed. ''Pennsylvania: A History,'' vol 2. Lewis historical publishing Company, Incorporated, 1926]</ref>{{rp|994-95}} Guyasuta continued to raid farms and homesteads in the area for several days afterwards.<ref name = "Sipe"/>{{rp|404-06}} In September, he led a war party to participate in the [[siege of Fort Henry (1782)|second siege of Fort Henry]].<ref name = "Abler"/>

== Diplomatic missions, 1787-1793 ==

After the American Revolutionary War, the aging Guyasuta worked to establish peaceful relations with the new United States, as his nephew [[Cornplanter]] became an influential diplomatic figure. In 1787, an article in the ''[[Maryland Gazette]]'' reported that Guyasuta was visiting Philadelphia. Guyasuta was remembered widely for his attack on Hannastown five years earlier, and the sarcastic piece refers to this:
:"PITTSBURGH, January 6. We are happy to have an opportunity of congratulating our fellow citizens on the arrival in this town, of the great, the mighty, and the warlike Giosoto the First, king of the Seneca nation; defender of Hannah's-town; protector of the widow and orphan, &c. &c. There was an elegant entertainment (consisting of three gallons of whiskey and twenty pounds of flour) prepared for his majesty and retinue, which they enjoyed with an uncommon relish, as these articles have become exceedingly scarce within his majesty’s, Giosoto, dominions. His majesty amuses himself whilst he remains here, in walking about to view the curiosities of this place, in quaffing good whiskey; and smoaking tobacco and the bark of willow trees, through his curiously ornamented wooden pipe. As anecdotes of great men can never fail to be interesting, we shall not neglect to add, that his majesty was observed to be particularly fond of viewing the game of [[billiards]]."<ref>[https://fatherpitt.com/2021/09/16/guyasuta-visits-pittsburgh-1787/ "Guyasuta Visits Pittsburgh, 1787," ''Father Pitt: Why should the Beautiful Die?'' September 16, 2021]</ref>

In October 1790, Guyasuta, Cornplanter, Half-Town, Great Tree, and other Seneca leaders went to Philadelphia, staying until March 1791 while they met with federal and state officials to discuss food aid and other assistance for the Seneca people.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=oDXQadoZ7oUC Richter, Daniel K. ''Trade, Land, Power: The Struggle for Eastern North America.'' Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, Incorporated, 2013]</ref>{{rp|222}}<ref>[https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/255/oa_monograph/chapter/2416865/pdf Herrmann, Rachel B. "Chapter 5: "Fighting Hunger, Fearing Violence after the Revolutionary War," in ''No Useless Mouth: Waging War and Fighting Hunger in the American Revolution.'' Cornell University Press, 2019.]</ref>{{rp|118}} During their visit, Guyasuta delivered an address to the [[Quakers]] of Philadelphia, seeking assistance and addressing them as the sons of "Brother Onas" (a term referring to [[William Penn]]):
:"When I was young and strong, our country was full of game which the good Spirit sent for us to live upon...Hunting was then not tiresome; it was diversion; it was pleasure. When your fathers asked land from my nation, we gave it to them, for we had more than enough. Guyasuta was among the first people to say, 'give land to our brother Onas for he wants it,' and [Guyasuta] has always been a friend to Onas and his children. But you are too far off to see him. Now he is grown old. He is very old, and he wonders at his own shadow; it has become so little. He has no children to take care of him and the game is driven away by the white people so that the young men must hunt all day long to find game for themselves to eat; they have nothing left for Guyasuta; and it is not Guyasuta only who is become old and feeble, there yet remain about thirty men of your old friends, who, unable to provide for themselves or to help one another, are become poor and are hungry and naked...I have no other friends but you, the children of our beloved Brother Onas."<ref name = "Sipe"/>{{rp|407-08}}<ref name = "Gist"/>{{rp|212-13}}

In March, 1793 Guyasuta and Cornplanter were invited to [[Legionville]], adjacent to the site of Guyasuta's boyhood home of Logstown, to meet with General [[Anthony Wayne]] for peace talks, in an attempt to end the [[Northwest Indian War]].<ref name = "Bausman">[https://books.google.com/books?id=g0sVAAAAYAAJ Bausman, Joseph Henderson. ''History of Beaver County, Pennsylvania: And Its Centennial Celebration,'' vol. II. New York: Knickerbocker Press, 1904.]</ref>{{rp|997}} As he saw his dream of a peaceful and strong Native American nation crumble, he turned to alcohol.<ref name = "Wolf"/>

== Trial of Samuel Brady, 1793 ==

In 1791, Captain [[Samuel Brady]] led twenty-five Virginia Rangers in pursuit of twelve [[Lenape|Delaware Indians]] who they said had been raiding white settlements in what was then Virginia and is now West Virginia. On March 9, they found the Indians at a place in Pennsylvania known as the Red Front Trading Post, where they were trading. Brady and his men killed four Delaware men and one Delaware woman, then returned to their Virginia homes. Brady evaded arrest for months until General [[Anthony Wayne]] persuaded him to turn himself in. Brady's trial convened in Pittsburgh in May, 1793 and was much publicized. On May 25, Guyasuta entered the courtroom, walking with difficulty, using a walking stick and accompanied by his nephew [[Cornplanter]]. On seeing him, Brady and the jurors stood up in respect. Guyasuta took Brady’s hands and addressed the court, announcing that Brady was a good man, that the Indians he killed "rode white men's horses and were not friendly," and that they had hurt the Indians as well as the whites. He added that the Indians were thankful to Brady for saving them from those men. Immediately following this testimony, the jury voted to acquit Brady.<ref>[https://weelunk.com/sam-brady-part-3/ Earl Nicodemus, "Captain Samuel Brady: Part 3, Conclusion," ''Weelunk,'' Wheeling Heritage, May 4, 2015]</ref> After the trial, Brady's attorney expressed his surprise to Guyasuta at the forcefulness of his testimony. Placing his hand on his heart, Guyasuta replied, "Am I not the friend of Brady?"<ref name = "Sipe"/>{{rp|408}}<ref>[https://www.loc.gov/item/01010442/ Warner, A. ''History of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, Including its Early Settlement and Progress to the Present Time,'' Vol 1, Part 2. Chicago, Ill., A. Warner & co., 1889. ]</ref>{{rp|527-28}}

== Later life and death ==

[[File:Charles W. Shane, Photographer, April 1970. PORTAL. - North Side Point Bridge, Spanning Allegheny River at Point of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Allegheny County, PA HAER PA,2-PITBU,59-23.tif|thumb|right|1917 statue of Guyasuta (right) by [[Charles Keck]], on the [[Manchester Bridge (Pittsburgh)|North Side Point Bridge]] spanning the Allegheny River at Pittsburgh, before it was dismantled in 1970.]]Towards the end of his life, Guyasuta lived in poverty in a cabin outside [[Sharpsburg, Pennsylvania]]. [[James O'Hara (quartermaster)|General James O'Hara]] purchased much of the land in that area in 1778,<ref name = "Gist"/>{{rp|216}} and offered Guyasuta a home on his estate, which Guyasuta accepted.<ref name = "Sipe"/>{{rp|408}} [[Neville B. Craig]] remembered him as "a stout active man."<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=pfosAAAAYAAJ Neville B. Craig, ed. ''The Olden Time: A Monthly Publication, Devoted to the Preservation of Documents and Other Authentic Information in Relation to the Early Explorations, and the Settlement and Improvement of the Country Around the Head of the Ohio.'' Vol 1-2, Jan. 1846 - Dec. 1847; J.W. Cook, 1846.]</ref>{{rp|337}} He was seriously ill by February 1, 1794, when Cornplanter wrote to [[Isaac Craig]]: "He is alive & that is all."<ref name = "Abler2"/>{{rp|99}}<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=YyJLDwAAQBAJ Calloway, Colin Gordon. ''The Indian World of George Washington: The First President, the First Americans, and the Birth of the Nation.'' Oxford University Press, 2018.]</ref>{{rp|443}} According to one account, after Guyasuta had not been seen for several days, O’Hara found him dead on his cabin floor in 1794,<ref name = "Wolf"/> and he was buried nearby with his rifle, tomahawk, knife, trinkets, and trophies in his coffin.<ref name = "Bell">[https://archive.org/details/historyofvenango00bell_0  Bell, Herbert C., ''History of Venango County, Pennsylvania: its past and present,'' Chicago : Brown, Runk & Co., 1890]</ref>{{rp|28}}

=== Burial controversy ===

[[Darlington Collection|William McCullough Darlington]], who later purchased O'Hara's estate, maintained that Guyasuta was buried there,<ref>[https://historicpittsburgh.org/islandora/object/pitt:3.10.DA Edith Darlington Ammon, "Guyasuta's Grave," 1886 photo. ''Historic Pittsburgh'']</ref><ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-pittsburgh-post-chief-guyasuta/51083049/ "Bones of Guyasuta Being Sought for Carnegie Museum," ''The Pittsburgh Post,'' Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Mon, Jun 10, 1918; p 5]</ref> however other sources claim that he was buried on the [[Cornplanter Tract]] (near [[Corydon, Pennsylvania]]).<ref name = "Fleeger">[https://www.recordargusnews.com/front-page/researchers-believe-seneca-leader-buried-at-custaloga-town/article_47e1959d-7e76-5321-8d99-a1e0c1effc6e.html Marsha Fleeger, "Researchers believe Seneca leader buried at Custaloga Town," Record-Argus News, July 16, 2018]</ref> There is strong evidence that his grave is at Custaloga Town Scout Reservation, now a [[Boy Scouting (Boy Scouts of America)|Boy Scout]] camp located along [[French Creek (Allegheny River)|French Creek]] at the former site of [[Custaloga|Chief Custaloga's]] village in [[French Creek Township, Mercer County, Pennsylvania|French Creek Township, Pennsylvania]].<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/10839/|title=Guyasuta: Warrior, Estate, and Home to Boy Scouts|journal=Western Pennsylvania History|publisher=Senator John Heinz History Center|volume=94|issue=4|last=Galloway|first=Edward|year=2011 |pages=18–31}}</ref>{{rp|21}}<ref name = "Fleeger"/><ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-news-herald-guyasuta/68149954/ "History Recalled as Guyasuta's Grave Goes to Historical Society," ''The News-Herald,'' Franklin, Pennsylvania; Sat, June 26, 1965; p. 8]</ref> A stone monument to Guyasuta was erected by Charles William Heydrick near the supposed site of his burial in 1915. The monument stands in a Native American burial ground, owned by the Heydrick family since 1798. The land was donated to the [[Mercer County, Pennsylvania|Mercer County]] Historical Society in 1965.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-news-herald-guyasuta/68149954/ Alfreda Irwin, "Visit to Indian Burial Ground: History Recalled as Guyasuta's Grave Goes to Historical Society," ''The News-Herald,'' Franklin, Pennsylvania, Sat, Jun 26, 1965; p 8]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ds14AAAAMAAJ Smith, Helene., Swetnam, George. ''A Guidebook to Historic Western Pennsylvania.'' University of Pittsburgh Press, 1991]</ref>{{rp|270}} At the burial site is a broken headstone inscribed with "GUY-A-SOOTER 1810," which was the date of Guyasuta's death and burial, according to Charles Heydrick, who spoke to a local settler in 1819:
:"John Martin, Jr., who could converse in the Indian tongue, informed me that he made the coffin and assisted in burying a chief. They placed in  the coffin his camp kettle, filled with soup; his rifle, tomahawk, knife, trinkets, and trophies. I think they called him 'Guyasooter.'"<ref name = "Bell"/>{{rp|28}}
[[File:Chief Guyasuta Statue.jpg|thumb|right|Statue of Guyasuta in the [[H. J. Heinz]] Memorial Plaza in Sharpsburg, Pennsylvania.]]

== Memorials and legacy ==

In [[Pittsburgh]], he is honored, along with George Washington, in a large public sculpture by James A. West called ''[[Point of View (West)|Point of View]]'', which overlooks [[Point State Park]].<ref>[https://pophistorydig.com/topics/george-washington-and-guyasuta/ Jack Doyle, "Point of View – George & Guyasuta," PopHistoryDig.com, April 13, 2016.]</ref> A statue of Guyasuta, sculpted in 1915 by [[Charles Keck]],<ref>[https://www.mascaroconstruction.com/projects/manchester-bridge-sculptures/ "Manchester Bridge Sculptures," Mascaro Construction Company]</ref> was part of the [[Manchester Bridge (Pittsburgh)|North Side Point Bridge]], built in 1917 and demolished in 1970. The sculpture was purchased for $1 million by the [[Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation]], which kept it and a matching sculpture of [[Christopher Gist]] at the foundation's Pittsburgh headquarters. In 2016 the sculptures were relocated to a plaza on [[Art Rooney]] Avenue near [[Heinz Field]].<ref>[https://archive.triblive.com/local/pittsburgh-allegheny/steelers-finance-1m-project-to-resurrect-century-old-sculpture/ Jason Cato, "Steelers finance $1M project to resurrect century-old sculpture," ''Tribune-Review,'' Tarentum, PA; Monday, June 27, 2016]</ref><ref>[https://nextpittsburgh.com/city-design/historic-manchester-bridge-sculpture/ Maya Haptas, "Historic Manchester Bridge sculpture restored and relocated for all to enjoy," July 12, 2016]</ref>

A statue of Guyasuta stands at the intersection of Main and North Canal Streets in [[Sharpsburg, Pennsylvania]].<ref name = "Abler"/> The statue and a drinking fountain for horses were donated to the city in 1896, as a centerpiece to the [[H. J. Heinz]] Memorial Plaza. The fountain and the cast-iron statue were hit by a car and destroyed in 1930, and the original mold was used to make a copy. The fountain was damaged again in the 1980s by a truck, and the statue was replaced with a bronze copy.<ref>[https://fatherpitt.com/2015/03/28/h-j-heinz-memorial-plaza-sharpsburg/ Father Pitt: Why should the beautiful die? H. J. Heinz Memorial Plaza, Sharpsburg]</ref> A brass plaque at the base of the statue states that Guyasuta "was probably buried in the area now occupied by the north end of the [[Highland Park Bridge]]."<ref>[https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=72852 Mike Wintermantel, "Guyasuta (1720-1794)," Historical Marker Database, April 6, 2014]</ref>

The [[Allegheny Reservoir]], the artificial lake created by the [[Kinzua Dam]] on the [[Allegheny River]], has a beach and camping park named "Kiasutha Recreation Area."<ref>[http://www.fs.usda.gov/r09/allegheny/recreation "Kiasutha Recreation Area," U.S. Forest Service, September 24, 2023]</ref><ref>[https://www.recreation.gov/camping/campgrounds/232065 "Kiasutha Campground," Allegheny National Forest, 2024]</ref> Guyasuta Station was the name of the Sharpsburg railroad station, built in 1900.<ref name = "Sipe"/><ref>[https://www.west2k.com/papix/guyasuta.jpg Photo of Guyasuta Station]</ref> The [[Laurel Highlands Council]] of the [[Boy Scouts of America]] has a camp property near Sharpsburg named in his honor.<ref>[https://campguyasuta.org/ "Camp Guyasuta," Laurel Highlands Council website, 2024]</ref>

Since 2021, the [[Heinz History Center]] has sponsored an exhibit on the life and legacy of Guyasuta, at the [[Fort Pitt Museum]].<ref>[https://www.heinzhistorycenter.org/guyasuta-the-life-and-legend-of-a-seneca-chief/# "Guyasuta: The Life and Legend of a Seneca Chief," Fort Pitt Museum, 2021]</ref>

=== Popular culture ===

Guyasuta is a prominent character in Calvin Boal's 2013 historical novel, ''St. George's Cross and the Siege of Fort Pitt: Battle of Three Empires.''<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=9BEiAgAAQBAJ Boal, Calvin J. ''St. George's Cross and the Siege of Fort Pitt: Battle of Three Empires.'' WestBow Press, 2013.]</ref>

He is also a character in ''[[The King's Orchard]],'' (1968) a historical novel by [[Agnes Sligh Turnbull]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Drdn4-Wjh6QC&q=Guyasuta Agnes Sligh Turnbull, ''The King's Orchard,'' Avon Books, 1968]</ref>

Guyasuta was portrayed by [[Boris Karloff]] in the 1947 film ''[[Unconquered (1947 film)|Unconquered]]''.<ref>[https://m.imdb.com/title/tt0039931/?ref_=ext_shr_lnk ''Unconquered,'' (1947) at IMDB]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=oUWQDAAAQBAJ Harty, John P. ''The Cinematic Challenge: Filming Colonial America.'' Langdon Street Press, 2016.]</ref>{{rp|141}}

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group="Note"}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Portal|Biography}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite book| last=Crytzer | first=Brady | year=2013 | title=Guyasuta and the fall of Indian America | publisher=Westholme | isbn=9781594161742 }}
*{{cite journal|url=http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/10839/|title=Guyasuta: Warrior, Estate, and Home to Boy Scouts|journal=Western Pennsylvania History|publisher=Senator John Heinz History Center|volume=94|issue=4|last=Galloway|first=Edward|year=2011 |pages=18–31}} {{open access}} ''Western Pennsylvania History'' article on the Guyasuta Boy Scout estate.

== External links ==

* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=8ri33al-JrY French Creek Heritage 2017 "Guyasuta & Custaloga Town Archaeological Explorations"], video in which assistant professor of anthropology Ed Jolie discusses the controversy and research on Guyasuta's burial location.
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tM0HzSZ4_xM Guyasuta: The Man Who Guided George Washington Through the Allegheny River]
* [https://adjunctprofessor.tripod.com/bravehorseswarriors/id196.html "Kayahsotaa," ''Bravehorse's Warriors,'' 2024]
* [http://www.kathrynbashaar.com/2022/03/guyasuta-western-pennsylvania-history-mingo-iroquois-confederacy/ Kathryn Bashaar, "Guyasuta," March 25, 2022]
* [http://www.kathrynbashaar.com/2022/04/guyasuta-early-life/ Kathryn Bashaar, "Guyasuta: early life," April 25, 2022]
* [http://www.kathrynbashaar.com/2022/05/guyasuta-seeks-new-allies/ Kathryn Bashaar, "Guyasuta's Wars,"  May 16, 2022]
* [http://www.kathrynbashaar.com/2022/05/guyasuta-and-the-american-revolution/ Kathryn Bashaar, "Guyasuta and the American Revolution," May 31, 2022]
* [http://www.kathrynbashaar.com/2022/06/guyasutas-final-chapter/ Kathryn Bashaar, "Guyasuta’s Final Chapter," June 16, 2022]
* [https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/93113015/chief-guyasutha#view-photo=63001570 Photo of the "GUY-A-SOOTER" headstone, allegedly at Guyasuta's gravesite.]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Guyasuta}}
[[Category:1720s births]]
[[Category:1790s deaths]]
[[Category:History of Pittsburgh]]
[[Category:Native American people in the American Revolution]]
[[Category:Chiefs of the Seneca]]
[[Category:Native American people of the Indian Wars]]
[[Category:People from colonial Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Indigenous people of Pontiac's War]]
[[Category:Indigenous people of the French and Indian War]]
[[Category:Native American people from Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:George Washington]]
[[Category:Mingo people]]