View source for HMS Good Hope (1901)

{{short description|Drake-class armored cruiser}}
{{other ships|HMS Good Hope}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=HMS Good Hope.jpg
|Ship caption=''Good Hope'' before 1914
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Ship country=United Kingdom
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|United Kingdom|naval}}
|Ship name=''Good Hope''
|Ship ordered=
|Ship name sake=[[Cape Colony]]
|Ship builder=[[Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company|Fairfield Shipbuilding & Engineering]], [[Govan]]
|Ship laid down=11 September 1899
|Ship launched=21 February 1901
|Ship christened=[[Francis Elgar|Ethel Elgar]]
|Ship commissioned=
|Ship recommissioned=
|Ship completed=8 November 1902
|Ship in service=
|Ship out of service=
|Ship renamed=
|Ship refit=
|Ship struck=
|Ship fate=Sunk at the [[Battle of Coronel]], 1 November 1914
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption=
|Ship class={{sclass|Drake|cruiser|0}} [[armoured cruiser]]
|Ship displacement={{convert|14150|LT|t}} (normal)
|Ship length={{convert|533|ft|6|in|m|1|abbr=on}} ([[Length overall|o/a]]) 
|Ship beam={{convert|71|ft|4|in|m|1|abbr=on}} 
|Ship draught={{convert|26|ft|m|1|abbr=on}}
|Ship power=*{{convert|30000|ihp|lk=in|abbr=on}}
*43 × [[Belleville boiler]]s
|Ship propulsion=*2 × shafts
*2 × [[triple-expansion steam engine]]s
|Ship speed={{convert|23|kn|lk=in}}
|Ship range=
|Ship complement=900
|Ship armament=*2 × single [[BL 9.2-inch Mk IX – X naval gun|{{cvt|9.2|in|0}} guns]]
*16 × single [[BL 6-inch Mk VII naval gun|{{cvt|6|in|0}} guns]]
*12 × single [[QF 12-pounder 12 cwt naval gun|12-pdr ({{cvt|3|in|0}} 12-cwt guns]]<ref group=Note>"Cwt" is the abbreviation for [[hundredweight]], 12 cwt referring to the weight of the gun.</ref>
*3 × [[QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss|3-pdr ({{cvt|47|mm|1}}) guns]]
*2 × single [[British 18-inch torpedo|18&nbsp;in (450&nbsp;mm) torpedo tubes]]
|Ship armour=*[[Belt armor|Belt]]: {{convert|2|-|6|in|mm|abbr=on|0}}
*[[Deck (ship)|Deck]]s: {{convert|1|-|2.5|in|mm|abbr=on}}
*[[Barbette]]s: {{convert|6|in|mm|abbr=on|0}}
*[[Gun turret|Turrets]]: {{convert|6|in|mm|abbr=on}}
*[[Conning tower]]: {{convert|12|in|mm|abbr=on|0}}
*[[Bulkhead (partition)|Bulkhead]]s: {{convert|5|in|mm|abbr=on|0}} 
}}
|}
'''HMS ''Good Hope''''' was one of four [[Drake class cruiser|''Drake''-class]] [[armoured cruiser]]s built for the [[Royal Navy]] around 1900; she was originally named ''Africa'', but was renamed before she was [[Ship naming and launching|launched]]. She became [[flagship]] of the [[1st Cruiser Squadron]] of the [[Atlantic Fleet (United Kingdom)|Atlantic Fleet]] in 1906, and was the flagship of the [[2nd Cruiser Squadron (United Kingdom)|2nd Cruiser Squadron]] in 1908. She was reduced to [[Reserve fleet|reserve]] in 1913, but was recommissioned in mid-1914.

When war was declared in August 1914, ''Good Hope'' was ordered to reinforce the [[4th Cruiser Squadron (United Kingdom)|4th Cruiser Squadron]] and became the [[flagship]] of [[Rear Admiral]] [[Christopher Cradock]]. Cradock moved the available ships of his squadron later that month to the coast of South America to search for German [[commerce raider]]s.

He was then ordered further south to the [[Strait of Magellan]] to block any attempt of the German [[East Asia Squadron]] to penetrate into the South Atlantic. He found the German squadron on 1 November off the coast of Chile. The German squadron outnumbered Cradock's force and were individually more powerful; they sank Cradock's two armoured cruisers in the [[Battle of Coronel]], both, including ''Good Hope'', being lost with all hands.

==Design and description==
''Good Hope'' was designed to [[Displacement (ship)|displace]] {{convert|14150|LT|t}}. The ship had an [[length overall|overall length]] of {{convert|553|ft|6|in|m|1}}, a [[beam (nautical)|beam]] of {{convert|71|ft|4|in|m|1}} and a deep [[draft (ship)|draught]] of {{convert|26|ft|9|in|m|1}}. She was powered by two 4-cylinder [[triple-expansion steam engine]]s, each driving one shaft, which produced a total of {{convert|30000|ihp|lk=in}} and gave a maximum speed of {{convert|23|kn|lk=in}}. The engines were powered by 43 [[Belleville boiler]]s.<ref name=ck8>Chesneau & Kolesnik, p. 69</ref> She carried a maximum of {{convert|2500|LT|t}} of coal and her complement consisted of 900 officers and [[naval rating|ratings]].<ref name=f6>Friedman, p. 336</ref>

Her main armament consisted of two [[List of British ordnance terms#BL|breech-loading]] (BL) [[BL 9.2-inch Mk IX – X naval gun|{{convert|9.2|in|mm|adj=on|sigfig=3}} Mk X guns]] in single [[gun turret]]s, one each fore and aft of the superstructure.<ref name=f6/> Her secondary armament of sixteen [[BL 6-inch Mk VII naval gun|BL 6-inch Mk VII guns]] was arranged in [[casemate]]s amidships. Eight of these were mounted on the main deck and were only usable in calm weather.<ref>Friedman, pp. 243, 260–61</ref> A dozen [[quick-firing gun|quick-firing (QF)]] [[QF 12-pounder 12 cwt naval gun|12-pounder 12 cwt guns]] were fitted for defence against [[torpedo boat]]s. Two additional [[QF 12-pounder 8 cwt gun|12-pounder 8 cwt guns]] could be dismounted for service ashore.<ref>Friedman, pp. 250, 336</ref> ''Good Hope'' also carried three [[QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss|3-pounder]] [[Hotchkiss gun]]s and two submerged [[British 18-inch torpedo|{{convert|17.72|in|mm|adj=on|sigfig=3}}]] [[torpedo tube]]s.<ref name=ck8/>

The ship's [[waterline]] [[Belt armor|armour belt]] had a maximum thickness of {{convert|6|in|0}} and was closed off by {{convert|5|in|adj=on|0}} transverse [[bulkhead (partition)|bulkhead]]s. The armour of the gun turrets and their barbettes was 6 inches thick while the casemate armour was 5 inches thick. The protective [[deck (ship)|deck]] armour ranged in thickness from {{convert|1|-|2.5|in|mm|0}} and the conning tower was protected by {{convert|12|in|0}} of armour.<ref name=ck8/>

==Service==
[[File:Charles Edward Dixon HMS Good Hope 1901 Drake class armoured cruiser Table Bay Cape Town (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|''Good Hope'' in Table Bay, by [[Charles Dixon (artist)|Charles Dixon]]]]

''Good Hope'', named after the [[Cape Colony|British colony]] on the [[Cape of Good Hope]], was [[laid down]] on 11 September 1899 with the name of ''Africa''<ref name=s5>Silverstone, p. 235</ref> by [[Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company|Fairfield Shipbuilding & Engineering]] at their [[Govan]] shipyard.<ref name=ck8/> She was renamed ''Good Hope'' on 2 October and [[Ceremonial ship launching|launched]] on 21 February 1901, when she was formally named by Mrs. (Ethel) Elgar, wife of [[Francis Elgar]], manager of the shipbuilding company.<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Naval & Military intelligence - Launch of the Good Hope and the Bacchante |date=22 February 1901 |page=10 |issue=36385}}</ref><ref name=s5/> She arrived in [[HMNB Portsmouth|Portsmouth]] to be completed and armed in late December 1901.<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Naval & Military Intelligence|date=23 December 1901 |page=8 |issue=36645}}</ref> Captain [[Sir Charles Madden, 1st Baronet|Charles Edward Madden]] was appointed in command for her first commission on 8 November 1902.<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Naval & Military intelligence |date=6 November 1902 |page=9 |issue=36918}}</ref>

She was to be commissioned as [[flagship]] of Rear-Admiral [[Wilmot Fawkes]] as he succeeded as commander of the [[Cruiser Squadron]] in the [[Home Fleet]], but was ordered first to convey [[Joseph Chamberlain]], [[Secretary of State for the Colonies]], to South Africa in late 1902.<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Mr. Chamberlain′s visit to South Africa|date=29 October 1902 |page=3 |issue=36911}}</ref> Fawkes hoisted his flag on 23 November, and the ship left [[Portsmouth]] with Chamberlain and his wife on board two days later.<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Mr. Chamberlain´s visit to South Africa |date=24 November 1902 |page=6 |issue=36933}}</ref> During the outward voyage, the ''Good Hope'' docked at [[Port Said]], [[Suez]], [[Aden]], [[Mombasa]], and [[Zanzibar]], before landing Chamberlain at [[Durban]] in late December. After staying through Christmas at [[Port Elizabeth]], she visited [[Simon's Town (naval base)|Simon's Town]] before returning home along the West Coast of Africa.<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Mr. Chamberlain′s Departure - Itiniary |date=26 November 1902 |page=10 |issue=36935}}</ref> Leaving Cape Town on 22 January 1903,<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Naval & Military intelligence |date=23 January 1903 |page=4 |issue=36985}}</ref> she docked at several places including [[São Vicente, Cape Verde]], and returned in February, then joined her sister ship [[HMS Drake (1901)|HMS ''Drake'']] cruising with the Mediterranean squadron until May 1903.<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Naval & Military intelligence |date=21 January 1903 |page=8 |issue=36983}}</ref>

In 1906 she became the flagship of the 1st Cruiser Squadron, Atlantic Fleet and was the flagship of the 2nd Cruiser Squadron when she visited South Africa two years later. ''Good Hope'' was placed in reserve in 1913.<ref>Gardiner & Gray, p. 12</ref>

''Good Hope'' was re-commissioned in mid-1914 with a crew composed mainly of [[Royal Naval Reserve|naval reservists]] and was briefly assigned to the [[6th Cruiser Squadron (United Kingdom)|6th Cruiser Squadron]] in August, before being transferring the [[4th Cruiser Squadron]]. She rendezvoused at the old [[Royal Naval Dockyard, Halifax|Royal Naval Dockyard]] (which had closed in 1905 and transferred to the [[Name of Canada#Kingdom and Dominion|Dominion]] government to become [[CFB Halifax|Her Majesty's Canadian Dockyard]]) in the former [[Imperial fortress]] of [[Halifax, Nova Scotia]] (which had replaced the [[Bermuda]]-based squadron of the [[North America and West Indies Station]] in 1907), with [[HMS Suffolk (1903)|HMS Suffolk]], the flagship of [[Rear-Admiral]] [[Christopher Cradock|Sir Christopher Cradock]]. Cradock transferred his flag to ''Good Hope'' because she was faster than his previous flagship. In Halifax, the crew of ''Good Hope'' was joined by four young [[Canadian]] [[midshipmen]] to assist Cradock with his command.  They would become the first [[Royal Canadian Navy]] casualties of the First World War.<ref>{{cite web |title=HMS Good Hope -- Canadian Midshipmen |url=https://livesofthefirstworldwar.iwm.org.uk/community/2597 |website=Lives of the First World War |publisher=Imperial War Museums |access-date=18 February 2021}}</ref>

Cradock's command was despatched to the coast of South America later that month at his own suggestion to better hunt for the German ships preying upon British merchant ships. ''Good Hope'' was coaled at the [[Royal Naval Dockyard, Bermuda|Royal Naval Dockyard]] in the North Atlantic Imperial fortress [[British Overseas Territory|colony]] of Bermuda (by [[Bermuda Militia Artillery]] gunners assisting with coaling).<ref>{{cite report |publisher=British Army |title=Record of Service of the Bermuda Militia Artillery |quote=B.M.A. at Ireland Island did good work assisting in coaling warships during the first six months of mobilization and received the thanks of the Admiralty (Having coaled the "Good Hope" on her last a fatal trip.) |postscript=Blank Army Book 127. Issued from Army Forms Stores 1895-09-17. Last entry 1952-12-17}}</ref> On the way south, ''Good Hope's'' crew was strengthened by the recruitment of 26 stokers in the [[West Indies]], probably in [[St. Lucia]].<ref>{{cite web |title=HMS Good Hope -- West Indian "native" stokers |url=https://livesofthefirstworldwar.iwm.org.uk/community/2559 |website=Lives of the First World War |publisher=Imperial War Museums |access-date=18 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=War Memorial in Castries, St. Lucia |url=https://livesofthefirstworldwar.iwm.org.uk/community/4409 |website=Lives of the First World War |publisher=Imperial War Museums |access-date=18 February 2021}}</ref> His ships were generally unsuccessful in this and he moved his squadron further south in late September to search for the East Asia Squadron, under the command of Vice Admiral [[Graf Maximilian von Spee]], in the vicinity of [[Cape Horn]] and the Strait of Magellan in accordance to his orders from the [[Admiralty (United Kingdom)|Admiralty]].<ref>Corbett, pp. 40, 51, 257, 261, 309–10</ref>

At the end of September, Cradock made his first fruitless search of the [[Tierra del Fuego]] area and later detached three of his ships to search up the Chilean coast, reaching [[Valparaíso]] on 15 October, while ''Good Hope'' returned to [[Port Stanley]], in the [[Falkland Islands]], to recoal and to reestablish communications with the Admiralty. He received word on 7 October that Spee's ships were definitely bound for the Cape Horn region and waited for the elderly [[predreadnought battleship]] {{HMS|Canopus|1897|2}} to reinforce his squadron. She was in poor mechanical condition when she arrived at Port Stanley and required time to make repairs. ''Good Hope'' sailed on 22 October without her, going around Cape Horn, while ''Canopus'' and three [[collier (ship type)|collier]]s departed the following day, taking the shorter route through the Strait of Magellan.<ref>Massie, pp. 210–19</ref>
 
===Battle of Coronel===
[[File:HMS Good Hope plaque CFB Halifax.jpg|200px|thumb|right|HMS ''Good Hope'' plaque, [[CFB Halifax]]]]
{{main|Battle of Coronel}}

''Good Hope'' rendezvoused with the rest of the squadron at Vallenar Roads in the remote [[Chonos Archipelago]] of Chile on 27 October to recoal. They departed two days later, just as ''Canopus'' arrived, Cradock ordering the battleship to follow as soon as possible. He sent the [[light cruiser]] {{HMS|Glasgow|1909|2}} to scout ahead and to enter [[Coronel, Chile|Coronel]], [[Chile]], to pick up any messages from the Admiralty and acquire intelligence regarding German activities. The cruiser began to pick up German radio signals from the light cruiser {{SMS|Leipzig|1905|6}} on the afternoon of 29 October, and delayed entering Coronel for two days with Cradock's permission to avoid being trapped by the fast German ships. A German supply ship was already there and radioed Spee that ''Glasgow'' had entered the harbour around twilight. The cruiser departed on the morning of 1 November, but Spee had already made plans to catch her when informed of her presence the previous evening.<ref>Massie, pp. 221–24</ref>

''Glasgow'' departed Coronel at 09:15 after having picked up the squadron's mail and rendezvoused with the rest of the squadron four hours later. Cradock ordered his ships to form line abreast with an interval of {{convert|15|nmi}} between ships to maximise visibility at 13:50, and steered north at a speed of {{convert|10|kn}}. At 16:17 ''Leipzig'' spotted ''Glasgow'', the easternmost British ship, to its west and she spotted ''Leipzig''{{'}}s [[funnel (ship)|funnel]] smoke three minutes later. At 17:10 Cradock ordered his ships to head for ''Glasgow'', the closest ship to the Germans. Once gathered together, he formed them into line astern, with ''Good Hope'' in the lead, steering southeasterly at {{convert|16|kn}} at 18:18. As the sixteen {{convert|21|cm|adj=on}} guns aboard the armoured cruisers [[SMS Scharnhorst|''Scharnhorst'']] and {{SMS|Gneisenau||2}} were only matched by the two 9.2-inch guns on his flagship, he needed to close the range to bring his more numerous 6-inch guns to bear. The [[Beaufort scale|Force 7 winds]] and high seas, however, prevented the use of half of those guns as they were too close to the water. He also wanted to use the setting sun to his advantage so that its light would blind the German gunners. Spee was well aware of the British advantages and refused to allow Cradock to close the range. His ships were faster than the British, slowed by the 16-knot maximum speed of the [[armed merchant cruiser]] {{HMS|Otranto||2}}, and he opened up the range to {{convert|18000|yd}} until conditions changed to suit him. The sun set at 18:50, which silhouetted the British ships against the light sky while the German ships became indistinguishable from the shoreline behind them.<ref>Massie, pp. 223–28</ref>

Spee immediately turned to close and signalled his ships to open fire at 19:04 when the range closed to {{convert|12300|yd}}. Spee's flagship, ''Scharnhorst'', engaged ''Good Hope'' while ''Gneisenau'' fired at [[HMS Monmouth (1901)|''Monmouth'']]. Cradock's flagship was hit on the ''Scharnhorst''{{'}}s third [[salvo]], when shells knocked out her forward 9.2-inch turret and set her [[forecastle]] on fire. Cradock, knowing his only chance was to close the range, continued to do so despite the battering that Spee's ships inflicted. By 19:23 the range was almost half of that when the battle began and the British ships bore onwards. Spee tried to open the range, fearing a torpedo attack, but the British were only {{convert|5500|yd}} away at 19:35. Seven minutes later, ''Good Hope'' charged directly at the German ships, although they dodged out of her way. Spee ordered his armoured cruisers to concentrate their fire on the British flagship and she soon drifted to a halt with her topsides all aflame. At 19:50 her forward [[magazine (artillery)|magazine]] exploded, severing the bow from the rest of the ship, and she later sank in the darkness. Spee estimated that his flagship had made 35 hits on ''Good Hope'', suffering only two hits in return that did no significant damage and failed even to wound one crewman.<ref>Massie, pp. 228–30, 236</ref> ''Good Hope'' was sunk with all hands, a total of 926 officers and ratings.<ref>{{cite web |title=Battle of Coronel |url=http://www.naval-history.net/WW1Battle-Battle_of_Coronel_1914.htm |website=World War 1 at Sea - Naval Battles in outline with Casualties etc. |publisher=naval-history.net |access-date=4 November 2018 |date=30 October 2013}}</ref> Four of the [[midshipmen]] aboard the ship were the first casualties of the newly formed [[Royal Canadian Navy]].<ref>[http://www.gwpda.org/naval/j0500001.htm First Canadian Casualties in the RCN]</ref>

==Notable commanding officers==
*[[Charles Douglas Carpendale]], 1911–1912<ref name=obit>"Vice-Admiral Sir C. D. Carpendale" (obituary) in ''[[The Times]]'' dated 23 March 1968, Issue 57208, column F, p. 10</ref>

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=Note}}

==Footnotes==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
*{{cite book | last=Bennet|first=Geoffrey  | title=Coronel and the Falklands| publisher =  Birlinn| year=2000 | isbn=1-84158-045-7}}
* {{cite book|title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905|editor1-last=Chesneau|editor1-first=Roger|editor2-last=Kolesnik|editor2-first=Eugene M.|publisher=[[Conway Maritime Press]]|location=Greenwich|year=1979|isbn=0-8317-0302-4|name-list-style=amp|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/conwaysallworlds0000unse_l2e2}}
* {{cite book|last=Corbett|first=Julian|author-link=Julian Corbett|title=Naval Operations to the Battle of the Falklands|edition=2nd, reprint of the 1938|series=History of the Great War: Based on Official Documents|date=March 1997 |volume=I|publisher=[[Imperial War Museum]] and Battery Press|location=London and Nashville, Tennessee|isbn=0-89839-256-X}}
*{{cite book|last=Friedman|first=Norman|author-link=Norman Friedman|title=British Cruisers of the Victorian Era|year=2012|publisher=Seaforth|location=Barnsley, South Yorkshire, UK|isbn=978-1-59114-068-9}}
*  {{cite book |editor1-last=Gardiner|editor1-first=Robert|editor2-last=Gray|editor2-first=Randal|title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921|year=1985|location=Annapolis, Maryland|publisher=[[Naval Institute Press]]|isbn=0-85177-245-5|name-list-style=amp}}
* {{cite book|title=[[Castles of Steel: Britain, Germany, and the Winning of the Great War at Sea]] |last=Massie|first=Robert K.|author-link=Robert K. Massie|publisher=Jonathan Cape|year=2004|location= London|isbn=0-224-04092-8}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Sieche|first1=Erwin F.|year=1990 |title=Austria-Hungary's Last Visit to the USA|journal=Warship International|volume=XXVII |issue=2 |pages=142–164 |issn=0043-0374}}
* {{cite book|last=Silverstone|first=Paul H.|title=Directory of the World's Capital Ships|year=1984|publisher=Hippocrene Books|location=New York|isbn=0-88254-979-0}}

==External links==
{{Commons}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070705225545/http://www.coronel.org.uk/goodhope.php The Coronel Memorial]
*[https://livesofthefirstworldwar.iwm.org.uk/community/952 Lives of the First World War: Commemorating all those who were lost aboard HMS Good Hope, 1 November 1914]
*[https://livesofthefirstworldwar.iwm.org.uk/community/2597 Lives of the First World War: Four Canadian Midshipmen who lost their lives aboard HMS Good Hope, 1 November 1914]
*[https://livesofthefirstworldwar.iwm.org.uk/community/2559 Lives of the First World War: 26 West Indian Stokers who lost their lives aboard HMS Good Hope, 1 November 1914]
*[http://www.naval-history.net/WW1Battle-Battle_of_Coronel_1914.htm The Battle of Coronel, at Naval-History.Net]
 
{{Drake class cruiser}}
{{November 1914 shipwrecks}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Good Hope (1901)}}
[[Category:Drake-class cruisers]]
[[Category:Ships built on the River Clyde]]
[[Category:Ships built in Govan]]
[[Category:1901 ships]]
[[Category:World War I cruisers of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in November 1914]]
[[Category:Shipwrecks in the Chilean Sea]]
[[Category:World War I shipwrecks in the Pacific Ocean]]
[[Category:Warships lost in combat with all hands]]
[[Category:Naval magazine explosions]]