View source for Hakuchi dialect

{{Short description|Shapsug sub-dialect}}
{{Infobox language
| name             = Hakuchi
| nativename       = {{lang|ady|Къарацхаибзэ}}
| states           = [[Turkey]]
| speakers         = ?
| familycolor      = Caucasian
| fam1             = [[Northwest Caucasian languages|Northwest Caucasian]]
| fam2             = [[Circassian languages|Circassian]]
| fam3             = [[Adyghe language|Adyghe]]
| fam4             = Black Sea coast dialects
| fam5             = [[Shapsug dialect|Shapsug]]
| isoexception     = dialect
| glotto           = xaku1238
| glottorefname    = Xakuchi
| pronunciation    = {{IPA|ady|qaːraːt͡sxaːjɘbzɐ|}}
| ethnicity        = [[Hakuchey]]
}}

'''Hakuchi''' ({{langx|ady|ХьакӀуцубзэ}} {{IPA|ady|ħaːkʷʼɘt͡sʷɘbzɐ|}} or {{lang|ady|Къарацхаибзэ}} {{IPA|ady|qaːraːt͡sxaːjɘbzɐ|}} in Hakuchi Adyghe) is a variety of the [[Shapsugs|Shapsug]] [[sub-dialect]] of [[West Circassian|West Adyghe dialect]] of the [[Adyghe language]] spoken in [[Turkey]]. It is considered to be the most archaic variety of Adyghe.

Since the [[Hakuchey|Hakuchi]] are considered an isolated Shapsug clan, their dialect differs little from that of the Shapsug dialect. It is also believed that the Hakuchis are a blend of various Circassian tribes: Shapsug, Ubykh, Abdzakh and others. This is why the Hakuchi dialect has some interesting phonetics in it.

==Phonology==
The Hakuchi has an [[uvular ejective]] [qʼ] and a [[Labialization|labialized uvular ejective]] [qʷʼ]<ref name="adygeya-republic  phonetic changes ">[http://adygeya-republic.info/adyghe-language/detalno/foneticheskie-izmenenija-soglasnykh/laringalizacija/ adygeya-republic phonetic changes Ларингализация]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> that correspond to [[West Circassian|West Adyghe]] and [[Kabardian language|Kabardian Adyghe]] [[glottal stop]] [ʔ] and [[labialized]] [[glottal stop]] [ʔʷ].

{| class="wikitable" border="1" text-align="right" 
! rowspan="2"| Word
! colspan="2"| Hakuchi dialect
! rowspan="2"| [[Ubykh language|Ubykh]] 
! colspan="2"| [[West Circassian|West Adyghe]]
! colspan="2"| [[Kabardian language|Kabardian]]
|-
! IPA 
! Cyrillic
! IPA 
! Cyrillic
! IPA 
! Cyrillic
|-
! two 
| [tʼqʷʼə] || тӀыкъӀу || tʼqʷʼɜ || [tʷʼə] || тӀу  || [tʼəw] || тӀу 
|-
! to say 
| [qʷʼan] || къӀон (къӀуэн) || qʼɜ || [ʔʷan] || Ӏон || [ʔʷan] || Ӏуэн
|-
! hand 
| [qʼa] || къӀэ || q'ɐp'ɜ || [ʔa] || Ӏэ || [ʔa] || Ӏэ 
|-
! table 
| [qʼaːna] || къӀанэ || ʂɜ'nɨ || [ʔaːna] || Ӏанэ || [ʔana] || Ӏэнэ 
|-
! hat 
| [paːqʷʼa] || пакъӀо (пакъӀуэ) || bˤɜ'qˤʼɨ || [paːʔʷa] || паӀо || [pəʔa] || пыIэ
|}

==See also==
* [[Ubykh language]]
* [[Circassian languages]]
** [[Adyghe language]]
*** [[Abzakh dialect|Abzakh Adyghe dialect]]
*** [[Bzhedug dialect|Bzhedug Adyghe dialect]]
*** [[Shapsug dialect|Shapsug Adyghe dialect]]
**** [[Kfar Kama Adyghe dialect]]
** [[Kabardian language]]
*** [[Besleney Kabardian dialect]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{refbegin}}
* [[John Colarusso]], ''A grammar of the Kabardian language'', University of Calgary Press, 1992, {{ISBN|0-919813-99-2}}, p.&nbsp;2
* Henricus Joannes Smeets, ''Studies in West Circassian phonology and morphology'', Hakuchi Press, 1984, pp.&nbsp;3,361,452
{{refend}}{{North Caucasian languages}}

[[Category:Adyghe language]]
[[Category:Endangered Caucasian languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Turkey]]
[[Category:Shapsugs]]


{{NorthwestCaucasian-lang-stub}}