View source for Hal Colebatch

{{Short description|Australian politician (1872-1953)}}
{{about|the politician|his son the author and journalist|Hal Colebatch (author)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Use Australian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|honorific-prefix = [[The Honourable]]
|name = Sir Hal Colebatch
|honorific-suffix =  [[Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George|CMG]]
|image = Portrait of Sir Hal Colebatch (cropped).jpg
|caption = 
|alt = Portrait of man wearing suit
|order = 12th
|office = Premier of Western Australia
|monarch = [[George V]]
|governor = [[William Ellison-Macartney|Sir William Ellison-Macartney]]
|term_start = 17 April 1919
|term_end = 17 May 1919
|predecessor = [[Henry Lefroy|Sir Henry Lefroy]]
|successor = [[James Mitchell (Australian politician)|Sir James Mitchell]]
|office1 = [[Minister for Education (Western Australia)|Minister for Education]]
|term_start1 = 27 July 1916
|term_end1 = 17 June 1923
|predecessor1 = [[Thomas Walker (Australian politician)|Thomas Walker]]
|successor1 = [[John Ewing (Australian politician)|John Ewing]]
|office2 = [[Minister for Health (Western Australia)|Minister for Public Health]]
|term_start2 = 17 May 1919
|term_end2 = 3 April 1921
|successor2 = [[Frank Broun]]
|office3 = Member of the [[Western Australian Legislative Council]]
|constituency3 = [[East Province (Western Australia)|East Province]]
|term_start3 = 22 May 1912
|term_end3 = 17 June 1923
|predecessor3 = [[Warren Marwick]]
|successor3 = [[William Carroll (Australian politician)|William Carroll]]
|alongside3 = [[Vernon Hamersley]], [[Thomas Wilding]] and [[Charles Baxter (politician)|Charles Baxter]]
|office4 = [[Australian Senate|Senator]] for [[List of senators from Western Australia|Western Australia]]
|term_start4 = 1 July 1929
|term_end4 = 20 March 1933
|predecessor4 = [[Charles Graham (Western Australian politician)|Charles Graham]]{{br}}[[Ted Needham]]
|successor4 = [[Herbert Collett]]
|alongside4 = [[George Pearce]], [[Patrick Lynch (Australian politician)|Patrick Lynch]], [[Walter Kingsmill]], [[William Carroll (Australian politician)|William Carroll]] and [[Bertie Johnston]]
|office5 = Member of the [[Western Australian Legislative Council]]
|constituency5 = [[Metropolitan Province (Western Australia)|Metropolitan Province]]
|term_start5 = 22 May 1940
|term_end5 = 21 May 1948
|predecessor5 = [[James Franklin (politician)|James Franklin]]
|successor5 = [[Keith Watson (politician)|Keith Watson]]{{br}}[[Harry Hearn]]
|alongside5 = [[Leonard Bolton]] and [[James Gordon Hislop]]
|birth_name = Harry Pateshall Colebatch
|birth_date = {{birth date|1872|3|29|df=y}}
|birth_place = Underley, [[Wolferlow]], [[Herefordshire]], England
|death_date = {{death date and age|1953|2|12|1872|3|29|df=y}}
|death_place = [[Perth]], Western Australia, Australia
|resting_place = [[Karrakatta Cemetery]]
|party = [[Western Australian Liberal Party (1911–1917)|Liberal]] (1912–1917){{br}}[[Nationalist Party (Australia)|Nationalist]] (1917–){{br}}[[United Australia Party]]{{br}}[[Liberal Party of Australia (Western Australian Division)|Liberal]] (1945–1948)
|spouse = {{plainlist|
* {{Marriage|Mary Maude Saunders|1896|1940|end=d}} {{br}}
* {{Marriage|Marion Frances Gibson|1944}}
}}
|children = [[Hal Colebatch (author)|Hal G. P. Colebatch]]
|occupation = Journalist, politician
}}

'''Sir Harry Pateshall Colebatch''' {{post-nominals|country=AUS|CMG}} (29 March 1872 – 12 February 1953) was a long-serving figure in [[Western Australia]]n politics. He was a member of the [[Western Australian Legislative Council]] for nearly 20 years, the twelfth [[Premier of Western Australia]] for a month in 1919, [[Agent-General for Western Australia|agent-general in London]] for five years, and a [[Australian Senate|senator]] for four years. He was known for supporting free trade, federalism and [[Secessionism in Western Australia|Western Australian secessionism]], and for opposing communism, socialism and fascism. Born in England, his family migrated to [[South Australia]] when Colebatch was four years old. He left school aged 11 and worked for several newspapers in South Australia before moving to [[Broken Hill]] in New South Wales in 1888 to work as a reporter for the ''Silver Age''. In 1894, he moved to the [[Goldfields (Western Australia)|Western Australian Goldfields]] following the [[Western Australian gold rushes|gold rush]] there, working for the ''Golden Age'' in [[Coolgardie]] and the ''[[Kalgoorlie Miner]]'' in [[Kalgoorlie]]. Two years later, he moved to [[Perth]] to join the ''[[Morning Herald (Perth)|Morning Herald]]'', but after that newspaper collapsed, he moved to [[Northam, Western Australia|Northam]] where he started ''[[The Northam Advertiser]]''. He also became friends with local bank manager [[James Mitchell (Australian politician)|James Mitchell]] and convinced Mitchell to run for [[Parliament of Western Australia|state parliament]]. Colebatch was the mayor of [[Town of Northam|Northam]] between 1909 and 1912.

Colebatch became a member of parliament himself when he was elected to the [[East Province (Western Australia)|East Province]] of the [[Western Australian Legislative Council|Legislative Council]] in 1912. Upon [[Frank Wilson (politician)|Frank Wilson]] becoming premier in July 1916, Colebatch was appointed [[Minister for Education (Western Australia)|Minister for Education]] and [[Colonial Secretary of Western Australia|Colonial Secretary]]. During a [[Spanish flu]] outbreak in South Australia and [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]] in early 1919, Colebatch was Acting Premier as Premier [[Henry Lefroy]] was travelling interstate. Colebatch chose to close the [[Western Australian border]], leaving Lefroy and two ministers stuck outside the state. In April 1919, Lefroy resigned as premier and Colebatch took over, making him the only premier to come from the Legislative Council rather than the Legislative Assembly. The major event during his premiership was the [[1919 Fremantle Wharf riot]], in which two [[Trade union|unions]] were fighting with each other. Colebatch resigned as premier one month after taking the job and was succeeded by Mitchell.

Colebatch served as a minister in the [[James ministry]] for four years, but resigned to become agent-general in 1923. He served most of his time as agent-general under a [[Australian Labor Party (Western Australian Branch)|Labor]] government as [[Phillip Collier]] beat Mitchell in an election in [[1924 Western Australian state election|March 1924]]. While agent-general, he toured Italy and met [[Benito Mussolini]], which led him to form his anti-fascist political beliefs. After returning to Australia in 1927, he wrote a book at the request of Collier on the history of Western Australia to commemorate the [[Centenary of Western Australia|state's centenary]]. He also sat on the Royal Commission on the Constitution. In [[1928 Australian federal election|1928]], he was elected to the [[Australian Senate]], where he spent much of his time criticising [[protectionism]], blaming it for worsening the [[Great Depression]]. He resigned in 1933 to take the position of agent-general again.

The [[1933 Western Australian secession referendum|Western Australian secession referendum]] occurred soon after Colebatch became agent-general, in which 66.23% of electors voted in favour of seceding. Colebatch was thus appointed to lead a delegation to the [[British Parliament]] to request secession. The delegation was unsuccessful, with a parliamentary [[Select committee (parliamentary system)|select committee]] deciding that allowing Western Australia to secede would go against [[Constitutional convention (political custom)|constitutional conventions]]. Colebatch continued on as agent-general until 1939, where he would make several trips to Germany to meet with anti-fascists as well as Nazi political figures. After returning to Australia, he was elected to the Legislative Council again, this time for the [[Metropolitan Province (Western Australia)|Metropolitan Province]]. He would serve there for eight years, and during this time, would frequently write in ''The Northam Advertiser'' about his view on [[World War II]]. He contested the [[1948 Western Australian Legislative Council election|1948 election]] but failed to be elected. Colebatch died in 1953 and was buried in [[Karrakatta Cemetery]].

==Early life and career==
Colebatch was born on 29 March 1872 in the village of Underley near [[Wolferlow]] in [[Herefordshire]], England,{{sfnm|Colebatch|2004|1p=13|De Garis|1962|2p=1}}<ref name="Australian Dictionary of Biography">{{Cite Australian Dictionary of Biography |first=Brian |last=De Garis |author-link=Brian De Garis |title=Colebatch, Sir Harry Pateshall (Hal) (1872–1953) |volume=8 |year=1981 |id2=colebatch-sir-harry-pateshall-hal-5725}} Published online 2006. Retrieved 3 March 2023</ref> to George Pateshall Colebatch, a chemist and farmer, and Georgina Gardiner.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=16}}<ref name="Parliament biography" /> The family had six sons and one daughter,{{sfnm|Colebatch|2004|1pp=16, 19|De Garis|1962|2p=2}} with an additional two children who died as infants.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=19}} They were [[low church]] Anglicans.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=43}} They are descended from [[John Colebatch]], a [[physician]] who was knighted by [[George I of Great Britain|King George I]].{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|pp=14–15}} The Colebatch family once owned a castle at [[Colebatch, Shropshire]], and had extensive lands elsewhere in England and France long before Hal was born, but was by this point quite poor.{{sfnm|Colebatch|2004|1p=14|De Garis|1962|2p=2}} Due to bad economic conditions in England, the family travelled to [[South Australia]] on the ''[[St Vincent (clipper ship)|St Vincent]]'' in 1878.{{sfnm|Colebatch|2004|1pp=16, 19|De Garis|1962|2p=1}} Although it nearly sank along the way, the ship reached [[Adelaide]] on 30 November 1878 after 91 days at sea. They settled in the coastal town of [[Goolwa, South Australia]], where they had relatives.{{sfnm|Colebatch|2004|1p=21|De Garis|1962|2p=1}}

At age eleven, Colebatch left school as his father could not afford to continue with it. The normal leaving age was thirteen, but Colebatch sat and passed an examination in August 1883 to allow him to leave.{{sfnm|Colebatch|2004|1p=21|De Garis|1962|2p=2}} He got his first job as a junior reporter, [[printer's devil]], compositor and office boy for the ''Norwood Free Press'', a small newspaper in suburban Adelaide. He also attended evening classes in shorthand, literature and Latin at the Pirie Street Literary Institute. This ended when the ''Norwood Free Press'' collapsed, leading Colebatch to work for a series of short-lived newspapers in the South Australian goldfields,{{sfnm|Colebatch|2004|1p=22|De Garis|1962|2pp=2–3}} including the ''[[Petersburg Times]]''.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=23}}

In 1888, aged 16, Colebatch moved to [[Broken Hill]] in [[New South Wales]], working as a reporter for the ''Silver Age'' for six years.{{sfnm|Colebatch|2004|1p=25|De Garis|1962|2p=3}} Broken Hill suffered three droughts, four typhoid epidemics, and numerous worker [[strike action|strikes]] during the time that Colebatch was there.{{sfnm|Colebatch|2004|1p=25|De Garis|1962|2p=3}} He reported on a number of strike meetings in the latter half of 1892{{sfnm|Colebatch|2004|1p=26|De Garis|1962|2p=3}} and was summoned as a [[The Crown|Crown]] witness in the prosecution of strike leaders. Although he was opposed to the strike leaders' actions, he knew them well and did not want them to go to jail. Several of the leaders were convicted, and Colebatch wrote that "I like to think that my notes were instrumental in securing either acquittal or light sentences for the lesser offenders ... I am glad to say [[Dick Sleath]] bore me no animosity for the part I had played in securing his conviction."{{sfnm|Colebatch|2004|1p=26|De Garis|1962|2p=4}} Meanwhile, Colebatch had developed a hobby in [[chess]], becoming the Broken Hill chess champion.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=26}}

===Western Australia===
Gold was discovered at [[Coolgardie, Western Australia]], in 1892 and at the nearby town of [[Kalgoorlie]] the following year. This triggered a [[Western Australian gold rushes|gold rush]] in the colony of [[Western Australia]], which had been an economic backwater up until that point. Meanwhile, waning demand for silver combined with a general economic recession in eastern Australia hurt the prosperity of Broken Hill. The ''Silver Age'', by then known as the ''Broken Hill Age'', was on the verge of collapse and the payment of Colebatch's wages had become irregular. Colebatch was ready to leave Broken Hill when in 1894, he received a letter from his friend [[Sidney Hocking]] saying that he had just purchased the ''[[Western Argus]]'', Kalgoorlie's weekly newspaper, and wanted Colebatch to take his place at the ''Golden Age'' in Coolgardie. Colebatch left for Western Australia later that year.{{sfnm|Colebatch|2004|1pp=26–27|De Garis|1962|2pp=4–5}} Upon arriving in [[Fremantle]], he had made just enough money gambling to catch the train to [[Southern Cross, Western Australia|Southern Cross]], but he had to walk the remaining {{convert|180|km}} across the desert to Coolgardie instead of taking a coach,{{sfnm|Colebatch|2004|1p=29|De Garis|1962|2p=6}} arriving there in early 1895.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=30}}

Coolgardie soon died down as all the surface gold was taken, and Kalgoorlie overtook it to become the [[Goldfields (Western Australia)|Goldfields']] largest town.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=33}} The ''Golden Age'' burnt down in September 1895,{{sfnm|Colebatch|2004|1pp=32–33|De Garis|1962|2p=6}} and so Colebatch moved to Kalgoorlie to work with Hocking on the ''[[Kalgoorlie Miner]]'', a new daily newspaper.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=33}} In Kalgoorlie, he met his future wife, Mary Maud Saunders, born {{circa|1869}} in South Australia.<ref name="Parliament biography" />{{sfn|De Garis|1962|pp=6–7}} At the start of 1896, they moved to [[Perth]], the colony's capital city, for Colebatch to join the ''[[Morning Herald (Perth)|Morning Herald]]'' as its mining and chess editor.{{sfnm|Colebatch|2004|1p=36|De Garis|1962|2p=6}} He also became the Western Australian correspondent for the ''British Australasian'' and the ''[[Financial Times]]'' and the metropolitan correspondent for several regional newspapers.{{sfnm|Colebatch|2004|1p=36|De Garis|1962|2p=11}} Among the things he reported on was Premier [[John Forrest]]'s announcement of the [[Goldfields Water Supply Scheme]].{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=36}} Colebatch married Saunders on 29 April 1896 in [[St George's Cathedral, Perth]].<ref name="Parliament biography" />

In 1898, Colebatch was banned from the parliamentary press gallery for reporting on a supposed fistfight that had occurred between two [[Member of parliament|members of parliament]]. A police inspector who had been in [[Parliament House, Perth|Parliament House]] at the time had told the story to a journalist for the ''Morning Herald'', who then passed the story on to Colebatch who then telegraphed it to the ''Kalgoorlie Miner''. Later that day, Colebatch discovered that the story had been exaggerated and that it was merely a verbal disagreement. The telegraph office was closed by that time, and so the ''Kalgoorlie Miner'' on 23 September 1898 had printed the details of the supposed fist fight on its front page. Forrest was furious, and he attempted to have the publishers prosecuted for published libel. After that failed,{{sfnm|Colebatch|2004|1p=37|De Garis|1962|2pp=11–12}} Forrest discovered that Colebatch was the reporter who passed the story along, and he had Colebatch banned from the parliamentary press gallery. Colebatch was dragged out by the [[sergeant-at-arms]] on 19 October 1898, and the following day, Colebatch sent a letter that he intended to sue the sergeant-at-arms for assault.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=38}} After heavy media criticism, the ban was lifted and the police inspector was demoted and transferred.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=39}}

Colebatch became the state chess champion in 1898.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=39}} By the late 1890s, the [[federation of Australia]] had become a major political issue. The ''Morning Herald'', which by this time Colebatch had become assistant leader-writer under [[Archibald Sanderson]], campaigned against federation. Colebatch was inspired by Sanderson's anti-federation arguments{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=40}} and became anti-federation himself,{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=41}} unusual for someone from eastern Australia.{{efn|The majority of people from eastern Australia, also known as [[Wikt:t'othersider|t'othersider]]s, that came during the gold rushes in the 1890s supported federation and the majority of people who had lived in Western Australia before that opposed federation.{{sfn|De Garis|1962|p=7}}}}{{sfn|De Garis|1962|pp=7–8}} Writing for the [[Royal Western Australian Historical Society]]'s ''[[Early Days (journal)|Early Days]]'' journal in 1951,{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=40}} Colebatch said that "Sanderson's anti-federal articles — from the Western Australian point of view — could be examined line for line [today] and proved to be an absolutely accurate forecast of what has happened to the State under federation." Sanderson was not ideologically opposed to federation but was against the terms with which Western Australia was going to enter, saying that "no words in a written constitution could protect a small state in a federation against larger and more powerful ones making policies against its interest."{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=41}} Western Australia ended up voting for federation in a [[1898–1900 Australian constitutional referendums|1900 referendum]], and so it became one of the six states of Australia on 1 January 1901.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Federation of Australia |url=https://peo.gov.au/understand-our-parliament/history-of-parliament/federation/the-federation-of-australia/ |website=Parliamentary Education Office |access-date=26 January 2023}}</ref>

===Northam===
The ''Morning Herald'' eventually collapsed, and so in 1904, Colebatch moved to [[Northam, Western Australia|Northam]], a town in Western Australia's [[Wheatbelt (Western Australia)|Wheatbelt]]. Largely using borrowed money, he bought his own newspaper: ''[[The Northam Advertiser]]''.{{sfnm|Colebatch|2004|1p=41|De Garis|1962|2p=12}} A friend from Broken Hill, J. T. Nichols, was put in charge of printing the newspaper, leaving Colebatch in charge of the journalism, allowing the newspaper to prosper.{{sfn|De Garis|1962|p=13}} By this point, he had two sons: Harley and Gordon Lindsay, and was looking for a more settled life. He lived in Northam for years to come.{{sfn|De Garis|1962|p=13}}

In Northam, Colebatch became friends with local bank branch manager and future premier [[James Mitchell (Australian politician)|James Mitchell]].{{sfnm|Colebatch|2004|1p=41|De Garis|1962|2p=14}} Impressed by Mitchell, Colebatch encouraged Mitchell to stand for [[Parliament of Western Australia|state parliament]] and he became Mitchell's campaign manager.{{sfnm|Colebatch|2004|1p=41|De Garis|1962|2p=15}} Mitchell won the [[Western Australian Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] seat of [[Electoral district of Northam|Northam]] in the [[1905 Western Australian state election|1905 state election]], defeating the incumbent [[Australian Labor Party (Western Australian Branch)|Labor]] candidate, and held it until [[1933 Western Australian state election|1933]].{{sfnm|Colebatch|2004|1p=42|De Garis|1962|2p=15}} Although Colebatch was the better public speaker of the two, he often put Mitchell's political career ahead of his own.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=41}} Although he likely would have probably easily won it, Colebatch did not contest the seat as he would have to oust his friend. Mitchell rose rapidly in the ranks of government, becoming a [[Minister (government)|minister]] in 1906 and obtaining the important portfolios of [[Minister for Lands (Western Australia)|lands]] and [[Minister for Agriculture and Food (Western Australia)|agriculture]] in 1909. During this time, Colebatch was seen as Mitchell's [[éminence grise]].{{sfnm|Colebatch|2004|1p=42|De Garis|1962|2p=16}}

Colebatch founded the Northam Bowling Club{{sfnm|Colebatch|2004|1p=43|De Garis|1962|2p=13}}<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article25518571 |title=Bowls |newspaper=The West Australian |date=8 July 1905 |access-date=26 January 2023 |page=8 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> and also took a part in creating a bowling club in the nearby town of [[York, Western Australia|York]]. In 1905, he won the state championship in bowls pairs and became the vice-president of the Western Australian Bowling Association.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=43}} He became a well-known figure within Northam, becoming a [[justice of the peace]] in 1906, a member of the District Board of Education, the local fire brigades board and the state fire brigades board.{{sfn|De Garis|1962|p=16}} In November 1909,<ref name="Parliament biography" />{{sfn|De Garis|1962|p=16}} he was elected unopposed as the mayor of [[Town of Northam|Northam]]{{sfn|De Garis|1962|p=16}}<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article26242621 |title=Municipal Elections |newspaper=The West Australian |date=18 November 1909 |access-date=26 January 2023 |page=8 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> after being nominated by the retiring mayor, Oscar Bernard.{{sfn|De Garis|1962|p=16}}<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article26240949 |title=Personal |newspaper=The West Australian |date=29 October 1909 |access-date=26 January 2023 |page=5 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> Colebatch oversaw the [[Sealed road|sealing]] of Northam's roads for the first time as well as the development of the [[Avon River (Western Australia)|Avon River]] with weirs and embankments to enhance the surroundings and prevent flooding, an initiative started by Bernard.{{sfnm|Colebatch|2004|1p=46|De Garis|1962|2p=16}} Colebatch managed to secure several large grants from the state government for these works.{{sfn|De Garis|1962|p=16}}

==State politics==
He first ran for parliament in 1910, contesting the [[East Province (Western Australia)|East Province]] of the [[Western Australian Legislative Council|Legislative Council]] in a [[by-election]] on 26 September resulting from the death of [[George Throssell]]. Colebatch came second out of the three candidates, being beat by the more well known [[Warren Marwick]].{{sfn|De Garis|1962|p=19}}<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article26292432 |title=State Politics |newspaper=The West Australian |date=30 September 1910 |access-date=24 January 2023 |page=5 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> He then received a petition from 72 electors to run again,{{sfnm|Colebatch|2004|1p=46|De Garis|1962|2p=20}} so he contested the newly-created [[Electoral district of Avon|seat of Avon]] in the [[1911 Western Australian state election|1911 state election]]. He was narrowly defeated by [[Thomas Bath]] from the Labor Party.{{sfn|De Garis|1962|p=20}}<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article26352772 |title=Country Electorates |newspaper=The West Australian |date=5 October 1911 |access-date=26 January 2023 |page=8 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> In early 1912, Colebatch and Mitchell formed a Liberal League in Northam.{{sfnm|Colebatch|2004|1p=46|De Garis|1962|2p=26}}<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article23868494 |title=State Politics |newspaper=The West Australian |date=29 March 1912 |access-date=23 January 2023 |page=7 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> Colebatch was also the convenor of a finance sub-committee within the Liberal Party, which made the successful recommendation to charge a membership fee so the party would be less reliant on large donors.{{sfn|De Garis|1962|p=35}}<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article23865911 |title=Liberal League |newspaper=The West Australian |date=1 March 1912 |access-date=26 January 2023 |page=8 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> In March 1912, Colebatch was elected to the executive committee of the Liberal Party.{{sfn|De Garis|1962|p=36}}<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article23866117 |title=Liberal League |newspaper=The West Australian |date=2 March 1912 |access-date=26 January 2023 |page=11 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref>

Colebatch was initially not going to contest the [[1912 Western Australian Legislative Council election|May 1912 Legislative Council election]], but Marwick had become unpopular in Northam due to his opinion on the proposed route for the [[Sydney–Perth rail corridor|transcontinental railway line]]. The most likely route was to be via [[Midland, Western Australia|Midland]] and Northam, where there was already a line, but there was an alternative proposal via [[Armadale, Western Australia|Armadale]] and [[Brookton, Western Australia|Brookton]], which is also in the East Province. Marwick chose to support the Armadale-Brookton route, which resulted in his unpopularity within Northam. A public meeting in Northam decided that a better candidate must contest the East Province, and so Colebatch became a last-minute candidate. He supported the transcontinental railway line passing through Northam and a developmental railway being built from Armadale to Brookton.{{sfn|De Garis|1962|p=21}}<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article23870370 |title=Legislative Council Elections |newspaper=The West Australian |date=22 April 1912 |access-date=26 January 2023 |page=7 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article23870811 |title=The East Province |newspaper=The West Australian |date=26 April 1912 |access-date=23 January 2023 |page=8 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> Colebatch won the East Province,{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=47}}<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article26512551 |title=East Province Election |newspaper=The West Australian |date=5 June 1912 |access-date=26 January 2023 |page=7 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> beating Marwick by a small margin in every polling place except for in Marwick's home town of York.{{sfn|De Garis|1962|p=25}} Colebatch took his seat on 27 June 1912.{{sfnm|Colebatch|2004|1p=47|De Garis|1962|2p=30}} He did not contest the November 1912 Northam municipal election and was succeeded as mayor by Bernard.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article26526046 |title=Country |newspaper=The West Australian |date=12 November 1912 |access-date=26 January 2023 |page=7 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article26526864 |title=Municipal Elections |newspaper=The West Australian |date=21 November 1912 |access-date=26 January 2023 |page=7 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref>

===In opposition===
Colebatch was part of the newly-formed [[Western Australian Liberal Party (1911–1917)|Liberal Party]], however in his [[maiden speech]], he said he would always speak for his individual feelings.{{sfnm|Colebatch|2004|1p=48|De Garis|1962|2p=28}} At the time, [[John Scaddan]] had been [[Premier of Western Australia|premier]] for a year and the Labor Party had a substantial majority in the Legislative Assembly,{{sfnm|Colebatch|2004|1p=47|De Garis|1962|2p=28}} however the Legislative Council had a conservative majority.{{sfnm|Colebatch|2004|1p=48|De Garis|1962|2pp=28–29}} According to historian [[Brian De Garis]], "for a man like Colebatch, there could not have been a more opportune moment for launching a parliamentary career". He says it would have been difficult for Colebatch to stand out if he had entered the conservative-dominated upper house during a Liberal government, but entering during a Labor government gave him an opportunity to use his formidable debating skills.{{sfn|De Garis|1962|p=29}} Colebatch would soon become the Scaddan government's harshest critic in the Legislative Council and Labor members grew to dread his speeches.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=50}}

The Scaddan government felt that establishing and expanding government enterprises was in the best interests of the state, something that Colebatch was strongly opposed to. The government set out to establish state-run and state-subsidised brickworks, sawmills, quarries, hotels, dairies, ferries, butcher shops, fish shops, brick works, tramways, meat works, quarries and abattoirs.{{sfnm|Colebatch|2004|1p=47|De Garis|1962|2p=30}}

Colebatch lead the opposition to the Tramways Purchase Bill 1912, which sought to nationalise [[trams in Perth]]. He felt that the [[City of Perth|Perth City Council]] was being cheated out of their reversionary rights to the tramways and that the government would be a poor operator like they were with the railways. The bill was passed anyway, but it earned Colebatch a reputation as a "hard fighter and a brilliant speaker".{{sfn|De Garis|1962|p=31}} Two of the most important bills passed in this session of parliament were the Workers' Compensation Act and the Industrial Arbitration Act.{{sfn|De Garis|1962|p=31}} Workers' Compensation previously only applied to certain occupations, but the new act extended it to apply to all workers earning less than £300 per annum. Although he did not vote against it, Colebatch criticised the bill for hurting employers and was successful in limiting parts of the bill.{{sfn|De Garis|1962|p=32}} The Industrial Arbitration Act consolidated previous legislation and made it easier for unions to approach the [[Court of Arbitration]].{{sfn|De Garis|1962|p=31}} Colebatch opposed the bill for preferencing unionists and hampering the ability of industries to compete with overseas firms. Eventually the two sides met and worked out a compromise which the government and the opposition could both support.{{sfn|De Garis|1962|p=33}} One bill that Colebatch was especially interested in was the Water Rights and Irrigation Bill. The bill was referred to a [[Select committee (parliamentary system)|select committee]] that he was the chairman of and he introduced many of the amendments that the committee recommended. The amendments were not accepted by the Legislative Assembly though and the bill did not pass.{{sfn|De Garis|1962|p=34}} The following year, the bill was introduced again, but it failed to pass again.{{sfn|De Garis|1962|p=39}} It eventually passed in 1914.{{sfn|De Garis|1962|p=47}}

By 1913, Colebatch had gained a prominent position in the Liberal Party's governance. In February 1913, he was elected as a vice-president of the party's executive committee.{{sfn|De Garis|1962|p=36}}<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article26866418 |title=The Liberal League |newspaper=The West Australian |date=8 February 1913 |access-date=26 January 2023 |page=11 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> His opponents used this to attack his claimed position of being above party politics.{{sfn|De Garis|1962|p=37}}

One of the bills the government introduced in 1913 was the Electoral Districts Bill,{{sfn|De Garis|1962|p=39}} which proposed having commissioners design the electoral districts rather than parliament and introduced equally-populated constituencies for all of Western Australia except for three seats in the north of the state. This would have increased the number of metropolitan districts at the expense of rural districts. Colebatch opposed having equally-populated constituencies, saying that "it seems to be utterly unfair that huge districts with great interests and scattered population should be put in the same position as closely congested and settled communities".{{sfn|De Garis|1962|p=40}} He proposed seven amendments, including that rural districts should have 20 percent fewer voters and metropolitan districts should have more voters. The Legislative Council accepted these amendments but the Legislative Assembly did not, meaning the bill was unable to pass.{{sfn|De Garis|1962|p=34}}

[[Matthew Moss]], the unofficial leader of the opposition in the Legislative Council, retired at the 1914 election, enabling Colebatch to take the position.{{sfn|De Garis|1962|pp=42–43}} During 1914, Colebatch lead the opposition to the Income Tax (War Emergency) Bill, which was to raise taxes mainly to support farmers during the drought which was occurring at the time. Colebatch attacked the government for introducing the bill so late in the session, just before the [[1914 Western Australian state election|1914 election]], without the presentation of estimates, and for only one third of the money raised going to the farmers.{{sfn|De Garis|1962|p=45}} The bill was defeated by the Legislative Council by eighteen votes to six.{{sfn|De Garis|1962|p=46}} The following year, Colebatch opposed the Income and Public Entertainments Taxation Bill, which was expected to increase taxation so that money could be spent on public works to create jobs. He believed that the money would better off with private enterprise, which would be able to provide more jobs and greater benefits to the state.{{sfn|De Garis|1962|p=49}}

===In government===
In July 1916, the Liberal and [[Country Party of Western Australia|Country]] parties cooperated to pass a [[vote of no confidence]] in the Scaddan Government.{{sfn|De Garis|1962|pp=59–60}} Labor had been left with a minority of seats in the Legislative Assembly following several resignations{{sfn|De Garis|1962|p=56}} and the Country Party had drifted closer to the Liberal Party compared to when they were initially elected to parliament in 1914.{{sfn|De Garis|1962|p=58}} The Liberal Party's [[Frank Wilson (politician)|Frank Wilson]] became premier, and although he had only been in parliament for four years, Colebatch was an obvious choice to join [[Second Wilson Ministry (Western Australia)|the ministry]] and lead the government in the Legislative Council. By this time, Colebatch was looked at by some as the state's next John Forrest,{{efn|[[John Forrest]] had been the state's premier for 11 years, far longer than any of his successors. His departure from state politics for federal politics in 1901 led to a dearth in the state parliament's talent.{{sfn|De Garis|1962|pp=27–28}}}} and so he was appointed [[Minister for Education (Western Australia)|Minister for Education]] and [[Colonial Secretary of Western Australia|Colonial Secretary]]. Mitchell was also a member of the ministry, being appointed [[Minister for Railways (Western Australia)|Minister for Railways]] and [[Minister for Water (Western Australia)|Minister for Water Supply]].{{sfnm|Colebatch|2004|1p=51|Black|2021|2p=266|De Garis|1962|3p=60}}

The colonial secretary was responsible for numerous miscellaneous departments, including charities, public health, aborigines, public gardens, the state shipping service. Although the colonial secretary had to introduce many bills and answer many questions in parliament, it was not a role that allowed for high achievement to shine. On the other hand, the role of education minister allowed for this, and Colebatch found this to be his favourite portfolio. He later claimed that he was appointed education minister due to his advocacy for country high schools when Wilson was previously premier.{{sfn|De Garis|1962|p=61}}

Parliament was adjourned for seven weeks for [[ministerial by-election]]s to take place. Colebatch was subsequently elected unopposed.{{sfn|De Garis|1962|p=62}} Soon after parliament resumed, it was adjourned again for the [[1916 Australian conscription referendum]] campaign.{{sfn|De Garis|1962|pp=62–63}} Like most Liberal politicians, Colebatch supported [[Conscription in Australia|conscription]],{{sfn|De Garis|1962|p=63}}<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article81720614 |title=Conscription: The Coming Referendum |newspaper=The Daily News |date=18 September 1916 |access-date=26 January 2023 |page=8 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> and his rhetoric grew more and more nationalistic as the campaign went on.{{sfn|De Garis|1962|p=63}}<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article26995542 |title=Perth's Final Rally |newspaper=The West Australian |date=28 October 1916 |access-date=26 January 2023 |page=8 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> Western Australia ended up voting for conscription, whereas nationally, the majority voted against conscription.{{sfn|De Garis|1962|p=64}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Part 5 - Referendums and Plebiscites – Plebiscite results |url=https://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;query=Id:%22handbook/newhandbook/2014-10-31/0050%22 |website=Parliament of Australia |access-date=26 January 2023}}</ref> Meanwhile, both of Colebatch's sons enlisted in the army and in 1917, they went to fight in France in [[World War I]]. Gordon was severely injured by a shell blast and suffered the effects of this for the rest of his life.{{sfnm|Colebatch|2004|1p=54|De Garis|1962|2p=64}} To help raise funds for soldiers and dependents in need, Colebatch was the chairman of the Western Australian War Patriotic Fund.{{sfnm|Colebatch|2004|1p=53|De Garis|1962|2p=75}}<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28169807 |title=War Patriotic Fund. Work Closing. The Executive's Report. |newspaper=The West Australian |date=29 May 1922 |access-date=26 January 2023 |page=6 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref>

The parliamentary session under the Wilson government only got underway in November 1916.{{sfn|De Garis|1962|p=64}} The government passed the Trading Concerns Act, which put all trading concerns on a commercial basis as well as preventing the establishment of trading concerns without the approval of parliament, preventing the government from using its executive power to do so like the Scaddan government often did.{{sfn|De Garis|1962|p=65}} The State Fish Supplies, which was one of Colebatch's responsibilities, was shut down due to not being commercially viable. On the other hand, the State Steamship Service proved viable and was not shut down.{{sfn|De Garis|1962|p=66}}

Colebatch was opposed to large-scale gambling and lotteries, particularly those run by the government, believing them to be a tax on the poor and stupid. He introduced a bill to outlaw [[bookmaking]] in 1916, but it was not passed by parliament.{{sfnm|Colebatch|2004|1p=53|De Garis|1962|2p=67}} A success that Colebatch had as colonial secretary was to convert [[Rottnest Island]] from a prison to a holiday resort. The island was made an [[A-class reserve]] in 1917 and Colebatch was appointed as the first president of the Rottnest Island Board of Control. Some prisoners were retained for the first few years as cheap labour, but by 1922, the last prisoners were removed from the island.{{sfnm|Colebatch|2004|1p=54|De Garis|1962|2pp=67–68}}

In May 1917, the Liberal Party was disbanded and turned into the [[Nationalist Party (Australia)|Nationalist Party]],{{sfn|De Garis|1962|p=71}} and in June, the new party elected [[Henry Lefroy]] as its leader.{{sfn|De Garis|1962|p=72}}<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article57985987 |title=Exit Wilson; Enter Lefroy |newspaper=Sunday Times |date=24 June 1917 |access-date=26 January 2023 |page=8 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> Wilson resigned as premier, and so Lefroy was appointed to the position.{{sfn|De Garis|1962|p=72}}<ref name="The West Australian 28 June 1917">{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article27303471 |title=State Politics |newspaper=The West Australian |date=28 June 1917 |access-date=26 January 2023 |page=7 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> Colebatch became the unofficial [[Deputy Premier of Western Australia|deputy premier]]{{efn|The position of [[Deputy Premier of Western Australia]] did not become official until 1955.<ref>{{cite web |title=Deputy Premiers of Western Australia |url=https://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/intranet/libpages.nsf/WebFiles/Publications+ministers+-+Deputy+Premiers+2017+March+17/$FILE/Publications+ministers+-+Deputy+Premiers+2017+March+17.pdf |website=Parliament of Western Australia |access-date=26 January 2023 |date=20 March 2017}}</ref>}}{{sfnm|Colebatch|2004|1p=54|De Garis|1962|2p=73}} and kept his previous positions in the [[Lefroy Ministry|new ministry]].{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=54}}<ref name="The West Australian 28 June 1917"/> Despite this, Colebatch stated his distaste in the way that Wilson had been ousted and was disappointed that Mitchell was no longer in the ministry.{{sfnm|Colebatch|2004|1p=54|De Garis|1962|2p=73}}

The [[1917 Western Australian state election|1917 state election]] occurred soon after the [[Lefroy Ministry]] was appointed, and after that, parliament only resumed for a week before it was adjourned for the [[1917 Australian conscription referendum]] campaign.{{sfn|De Garis|1962|p=74}}

By 1917, Colebatch had established district high schools in Northam and [[Geraldton]]. He had also established scholarships to enable children from outside areas to attend them. Two more district high schools were created in [[Bunbury, Western Australia|Bunbury]] and [[Albany, Western Australia|Albany]] that year.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=55}} Establishing the first high schools outside Perth and the Goldfields had been the issue which had impelled him to enter politics.{{sfnm|Colebatch|2004|1p=63|De Garis|1962|2pp=18–19}} In 1918, Nationalist member [[John Stewart (Western Australian politician)|John Stewart]] resigned from the [[Electoral district of Claremont|seat of Claremont]] in the Legislative Assembly. It was offered to Colebatch that he resign from the Legislative Council to contest the [[1918 Claremont state by-election|resulting by-election]] so that he could one day become premier, however Colebatch decline the offer as he did not want to undermine confidence in the Lefroy Government.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=55}}

===Spanish flu===
By late 1918, the [[Spanish flu]] had become a pandemic, and returning soldiers aboard the [[Boonah crisis|HMAT ''Boonah'']] were falling sick. As the Colonial Secretary, Colebatch was responsible for public health. With the ship approaching Fremantle, Colebatch set up an emergency isolation camp on [[Garden Island (Western Australia)|Garden Island]] to supplement the existing quarantine facility at [[Woodman Point]]. He also considered using Rottnest Island if need be, but it was not ideal as it was further from the mainland than Garden Island.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=57}} The [[List of mayors of Fremantle|mayor of Fremantle]], William Montgomery, demanded that Lefroy disallow the ''Boonah'' from entering the port. However Colebatch stated that he believed that the sick soldiers were "entitled to be taken off the boat as soon as land is reached",{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=58}} and that allowing the ship to continue on to the [[Eastern states of Australia|eastern states]] would result in most of the other passengers on board being infected. As a result, several hundred of the 1,200 people aboard the ship were quarantined at Woodman Point.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=59}} Colebatch denounced the federal government's handling of the matter, as despite it being responsible for shipping and quarantine under the [[Australian constitution]], it did very little.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|pp=58–59}}

The state and federal governments agreed that any state with a Spanish flu outbreak should be declared an infected area, which would stop all land communication and sea communication would be quarantined. Following Parliament's recess for Christmas 1918, Lefroy and two cabinet ministers attended conferences in [[Melbourne]], leaving Colebatch as acting premier. During that time, the Spanish flu broke out in South Australia and [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]],{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=60}} however these states refused to follow the agreement and did not declare an infected area. Despite this, Colebatch decided to close the Western Australian border. Coincidentally, a shipping strike meant that there was no coastal shipping in the state, but transcontinental trains were still running when he decided to close the border. Passengers on a train from Adelaide were put in an improvised quarantine camp in [[Parkeston, Western Australia|Parkeston]] just east of Kalgoorlie where the railway gauge changed. [[William Watt (Australian politician)|William Watt]], the acting [[Prime Minister of Australia|prime minister]], threatened Western Australia with dire consequences for impounding the train.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=61}} Watt told Lefroy that:

{{blockquote|The Commonwealth Government will hold your government responsible for all damage done to trains, expenditure incurred, and loss sustained in connection with seizures. Unless I receive from you before 5 p.m. on Wednesday the 5th inst. a definite assurance that no further trains will be seized, and that those detailed will be restored, I will order the complete suspension of the railway service between Kalgoorlie and [[Port Augusta]] without further delay. I regret having to resort to drastic procedure, but owing to the failure of your Government to extend the courtesy of prior notification to this Government and before action was taken by your Government, and the continued resistance of the authorities in your State to the operation of the Quarantine Agreement, no other course remains open.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=61}}}}

Lefroy decided that he would not stand in the way of Colebatch and further action was up to him.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=61}} South Australia eventually declared infection meaning the railway would have been shut down under the agreement. Because of the shipping strike, Lefroy and the two ministers could not get back to Western Australia without taking the train. Colebatch decided to allow a special train in, as long as the people aboard quarantined, but Watt disallowed this from happening. In general, Western Australians strongly supported Colebatch's actions during the Spanish flu pandemic. He earned further praise when he ended a two-month-long tramway strike.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=62}}

===Premier===
[[File:Hal Colebatch.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Colebatch {{circa|1919}}|alt=Black and white photograph of man with moustache in suit]]

In April 1919, Lefroy resigned as premier, and Colebatch took over, becoming the only premier to come from the Legislative Council. Colebatch made himself [[Treasurer of Western Australia|Colonial Treasurer]], the [[Minister for Education (Western Australia)|minister for education]] and the [[Minister for Railways (Western Australia)|minister for railways]]. He reinstated Mitchell in the cabinet, making him the [[Minister for Lands (Western Australia)|minister for lands]].{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|pp=62–63}}

The largest issue during his premiership was the [[1919 Fremantle Wharf riot]]. Stevedores from two different [[Trade union|unions]] — the National Waterside Workers Union (NWWU) and the [[Fremantle Lumpers Union]] (FLU) — were working at [[Fremantle Harbour]]. The two unions often disagreed with each other and the [[Commonwealth Arbitration Board]] favoured the NWWU. Western Australia had a shortage of many essential goods such as medical supplies and food as a result of the earlier shipping strike and the need to quarantine. When the SS ''Dimboola'' arrived in Perth from Melbourne, carrying passengers (including Lefroy) and cargo, the passengers and most of the crew went into quarantine, but the federal government allowed some of the crew to berth the ship before going into quarantine. Fremantle Harbour officials did not allow the ship to berth and forced it to be fumigated at anchor. The NWWU workers then began to unload the ship but the FLU workers attacked them and started [[picketing]],{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=63}} wanting to remove all NWWU workers from working at the wharf.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=64}} Colebatch implored Watt to try and settle the dispute, as industrial relations were the responsibility of the federal government and the state had little power to do anything other than to use police to diffuse violence. Watt disagreed and said it was up to the state to solve the issue. He also said that if the issue was not fixed quickly, then he would stop shipping to Fremantle.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=64}} His son, [[Hal Colebatch (author)|Hal G. P. Colebatch]], posited in his 2004 biography that Watt was "probably trying to get revenge on Colebatch for impounding the Commonwealth train and his earlier criticism of the Commonwealth Government during the ''Boonah'' affair."{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=64}}

On 1 May, Colebatch told the FLU that he would get the police if they did not come to an agreement or cease picketing the wharf. The union did not do this, and so on 4 May, a group of people travelled down the [[Swan River (Western Australia)|Swan River]] in two [[Launch (boat)|launches]]. Among the people on the boats were Colebatch, the [[List of commissioners of the Western Australia Police Force|commissioner of police]], small businessmen and consignees desperate to get the ''Dimboola'' unloaded.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=65}} As the boats travelled under a bridge, the FLU members dropped rocks, scrap iron and other objects onto the boats in an attempt to sink them. The larger objects missed the boats, but several people were injured by smaller objects. [[University of New South Wales]] Professor of History Francis Keble Crowley said that "the premier came close to being assassinated when masonry hit the deck of his launch."{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|pp=65–66}} When the boats reached the wharf, a riot broke out between the union workers and the police, who were trying to push the crowd back from the ship. During this, a man named Thomas Edwards was injured and later died.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=66}} The police commissioner told Colebatch that the police could not control the situation without shooting their guns, but Colebatch did not want to authorise that. Colebatch, the police commissioner, the businessmen and consignees soon left, unsuccessful. In total, approximately 26 police officers and six FLU workers were injured, excluding Edwards. The following day, there was further violence between police and union members.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=67}} Colebatch announced on 8 May 1919 that the NWWU had agreed to withdraw from the wharf to avoid any further conflict.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=73}}

Colebatch resigned as premier on 15 May 1919 as he was unable to find a Legislative Assembly seat and his health was deteriorating{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=74}} due to undiagnosed diabetes.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=63}} On 17 May, [[James Mitchell (Australian politician)|James Mitchell]] was sworn in as premier and Colebatch was appointed the [[Minister for Agriculture and Food (Western Australia)|minister for agriculture]], minister for education, [[Minister for the North-West|minister for the north-west]] and the new position of [[Minister for Health (Western Australia)|minister for health]], a role which he had performed before that as the colonial secretary.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=74}} He was also the deputy premier and leader of the government in the Legislative Council again.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=75}}

===Mitchell Government===
Mitchell did not like travelling interstate for meetings with the prime minister and other premiers, so he often had Colebatch represent him instead. Colebatch attended a meeting with Prime Minister [[Billy Hughes]] and the other premiers in October 1919. Hughes wanted to enlarge the powers of the Commonwealth Government, which Colebatch was opposed to, as he believed local self-governance improved economic efficiency and individual freedom. Starting in May 1920, he visited the north-west of the state, a place usually neglected by the state government. When he visited [[Onslow, Western Australia|Onslow]], it was the first time in ten years a government minister had visited there. The visit to the north-west lasted three months and he travelled {{convert|8000|km}}.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=76}}

He met with Hughes again to show the prime minister the [[Group Settlement Scheme]] and the [[Fairbridge Farm School]].{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=80}} Colebatch managed to help convince Hughes of the need for an increase in immigration to increase the state's population and develop its infrastructure, an interest of Mitchell's. Hughes wrote a letter to Colebatch in March 1922 committing to increasing immigration, and later an agreement was signed between the Australian, Western Australian and British governments for seventy-five thousand British migrants to settle in the state. Reducing unemployment was one of Colebatch's other responsibilities, and he instituted various public works to help with that. Although some saw trying to increase immigration as working against efforts to decrease unemployment, Colebatch believed it would be short-sighted to not do so.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=81}}

In addition to showing Hughes around Western Australia, Colebatch did the same for several other figures. In 1922, he guided Colonel [[S. F. Newcombe]], who was sent by the British Government to investigate settling discharged soldiers there.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=81}} He also guided [[V. S. Srinivasa Sastri]], who was sent to ensure that Indians settled in white British countries were not discriminated against.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=82}} Another task for Colebatch was to negotiate with John Forrest's widow, [[Margaret Forrest]], over a statue of Forrest which the government wanted to erect in [[Kings Park, Western Australia|Kings Park]]. Lady Forrest wanted for the statue to depict him as a "slim young explorer", but Colebatch convinced her that a statue depicting him as a "mature and portly statesman" would be best.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=83}}

From 1921 to 1922, Colebatch was the president of the [[West Australian Club]]. He was also a life member of the [[Royal Perth Yacht Club]]. Following the [[1921 Western Australian state election|1921 state election]], Colebatch was the only minister in the Legislative Council. He was therefore responsible for introducing and handling all bills and other business of the upper house, placing a large workload on him. As there was much hinging on him, the house adjourned when he became sick. Several of his colleagues thought the burden on him was too much.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=83}}

In the [[1923 New Year Honours]], Colebatch was made a [[Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George]]. Later that year, his title of "Honourable" was made permanent. In early 1923, Mitchell announced that he had chosen Colebatch to be the next [[Agent-General for Western Australia]] in [[London]]. He resigned from the ministry and from parliament on 17 June 1923, and was succeeded by [[William Carroll (Australian politician)|William Carroll]]. Over the seven years he had been a minister, the state's expenditure on education had risen by 73%. To show their admiration, senior [[Education Department of Western Australia|Education Department]] officials arranged a special function for Colebatch's departure.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=84}} He had given equal shares in ''The Northam Advertiser'' to his wife and two sons as a reward for their service in the army. Harley became editor though Hal continued to write for it.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=85}}

==Agent-general==
On his way to England, Colebatch passed through [[Queensland]]. Mitchell had asked Colebatch to find him an advisor on tropical agriculture. After talking to Queensland Premier [[Ted Theodore]], Colebatch found [[Frank Wise]] in [[Townsville]] and recommended him to the Western Australian Government. Wise accepted the offer, and moved to Western Australia. He would later be elected to the Western Australian Parliament as a Labor member and become premier in 1945.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=88}} In [[Calcutta]], he developed a [[carbuncle]] which he had an operation for. His doctor told him he was days away from death before the operation. Two days after it, he was diagnosed with diabetes.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=91}} He had to stay in Calcutta for several weeks while he recovered.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=92}}

Soon after he arrived in London, the [[1924 Western Australian state election]] occurred, in which Labor, led by [[Philip Collier]], defeated the [[Coalition (Australia)|Coalition]], led by James Mitchell. Colebatch spend the rest of his term as agent-general under a Labor Western Australian Government. Among the things the role entailed was representing the State Government in negotiations with the British Government, the Australian Government and sometimes other foreign governments, deal with European investors and companies operating in Western Australia, arrange loans, work as a purchasing agent for government departments, recruit for specialist positions, communicate with the premier about the goings on in London, promote migration to Western Australia, represent the state at ceremonies, assist Western Australians in London, and generally do things to raise the profile of the state.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=97}}

He became chairman of the committee responsible for the Australian section of the [[British Empire Exhibition]] in 1924 after the previous committee fell apart.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=98}} Despite this, Colebatch had reservations about the exhibition, thinking it should have involved more than just the [[British Empire]]. He supported Australian High Commissioner [[Joseph Cook]] when he opposed the country subsidizing the following year's event. Colebatch became a member of the [[Savage Club]] when one of the committee members nominated him.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=99}} He found difficulty in raising loans for Western Australia, firstly, because the London money market was depressed,{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=98}} and secondly, because much loan money was being sent to Germany instead due to the high interest rates there.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=100}} When the Group Settlement Scheme seemed to be failing, Colebatch persuaded Collier to travel to London to negotiate a new migration deal. Collier dislike travelling, but he went to London anyway and a new deal was signed.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=104}}

Colebatch's term as agent-general was planned to end in November 1926, just a few months before the [[1927 Western Australian state election|1927 state election]]. He pointed out to Collier that he would have been expected by Coalition politicians to campaign against Labor in the election. He thought it would be distasteful to campaign against the government when they had worked together well over the previous three years. Collier agreed, and so Colebatch's term as agent-general was extended by a year.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=104}} In the [[1927 New Year Honours]], he was made a [[Knight Bachelor]] upon the recommendation of the Labor government.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=105}}

While Colebatch was living in London, his son Gordon was living in Italy to study singing, theatre and languages.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=106}} In 1927, Colebatch and his wife travelled around Italy for several months, visiting Rome and Venice among other places.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=116}} Gordon was friends with high ranking officials in the British Embassy in Rome, through which he secured a private meeting between Colebatch and [[Benito Mussolini]] at [[Chigi Palace]].{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|pp=112–113}} His tour around Italy led Colebatch to form his anti-fascist political beliefs.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=106}}

==Return to Australia==
Upon returning to Australia in 1927, Collier asked Colebatch to create a book on the history of Western Australia to commemorate the [[Centenary of Western Australia|state's centenary]] in 1929. Although Colebatch was the book's editor, he wrote almost all of it himself, and was not paid.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=117}} The book, titled ''A Story of A Hundred Years: Western Australia 1829–1929'', was published in 1929.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=118}}

While working on the book, Prime Minister [[Stanley Bruce]] asked for Colebatch to sit on the [[Royal Commission on the Constitution (Australia)|Royal Constitution on the Constitution]] to suggest possible amendments. Colebatch accepted, and became one of seven members of the commission. The other six were from New South Wales and Victoria, and none of them were federalists like Colebatch. The Victorian members even wanted to abolish the states, but that position lost out. The commission travelled around Australia, holding 198 public sittings and examining 339 witnesses.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=126}} Colebatch suggest that the election method for the [[Australian Senate]] be changed from the "block majority" method to proportional representation. This recommendation was adopted twenty years later. When the commission handed down its report, Colebatch also released a minority report.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=127}}

===Australian Senate===
Colebatch was elected as a [[List of senators from Western Australia|senator for Western Australia]] at the [[1928 Australian federal election|1928 federal election]], taking his seat on 1 July 1929.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=129}} He had accepted the nomination from the Nationalist Party on the condition that he would not attend party meetings and that he would not be bound by how the party wanted to vote, believing that the party system undermined the Senate's intended role as the state's house. These conditions were unusual, and likely prevented him from becoming a minister.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=128}} Elected alongside Colebatch as a senator for Western Australia were [[Bertie Johnston]], a former Labor politician turned Country Party member, and incumbent Nationalist senator [[Walter Kingsmill]].{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=128}} Colebatch was the first of the three elected, declaring that his election was an endorsement of his belief that the Senate should be a states' house and not a party house.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=129}}

During the [[Great Depression]], Colebatch spoke against [[protectionism]]{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=129}} and criticised the complacency of the Labor government and previous Coalition government which had allowed Australians to live beyond their means by excessive borrowing.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=130}} When the government raised tariffs in 1929 and 1930, he was one of just a few members of parliament to oppose this.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=134}} He argued that protectionism was bad for Western Australia, South Australia and [[Tasmania]], as those states were export-oriented and had little manufacturing industry.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=138}} [[Gold mining in Western Australia|Western Australia's gold industry]] was hit hard by tariffs, which had steadily climbed since federation. The federal government was also [[price fixing]] so that it could buy gold at below market value.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=139}} The industry was agitating for subsidies but Colebatch was ideologically opposed to this, so he instead introduced an amendment to a bill so that the government would have to pay market price for gold. This amendment was supported by the state's other senators, but other than that, only a few senators supported the amendment. Colebatch ended up reluctantly supporting subsidies for gold.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=140}} He opposed subsidies for other materials though, and succeeded in defeating two of them.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=142}} In December 1930, he opposed a bill to convert the railway from Fremantle to Kalgoorlie to [[standard gauge]] which would have made a standard gauge rail link from Sydney to Perth. He was Western Australia's only politician to oppose this, and he did so because he did not want to fund public works with loans without any provision for paying back the loans. He was also one of few people at the time to question why railways were under public ownership.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=142}}

Colebatch criticised the Labor government when it reduced military training in country areas as it cost more than in cities, saying that it was unfair to people living in the country and that the Great Depression could lead to war. He lobbied for the Australian government to contribute to the construction of the [[Singapore Naval Base]].{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=132}}

In 1930, Colebatch was the vice-chairman of a [[Australian Senate committees#Select committees|select committee]] to investigate the [[Australian Senate committees#Standing committees|standing committee]] system, although he acted as the chairman for much of that time as the chairman was overseas. Its recommendations were for the establishment of a Standing Committee on External Affairs and a Standing Committee on Regulations and Ordinances, as well as the amendment of the Senate's standing orders so that bills could be referred to select committees. The Committee of Regulations and Ordinances was established as a result, and became a permanent part of the Senate machinery.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=143}} [[Otto Niemeyer]], a British banker who had worked for [[HM Treasury]] and the [[Bank of England]], visited Australia in 1930 to give the prime minister and premiers advice on the Great Depression. James Mitchell, who by that time had become the premier of Western Australia again, sent Colebatch instead. Colebatch largely agreed with what Niemeyer said,{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=144}} however the Labor Party did not.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=145}}

Sitting next to Colebatch in the Senate was [[James Dunn (Australian politician)|James Patrick Digger Dunn]], a Labor Party senator. Although they had radically different political beliefs and frequently debated within the Senate, they formed a personal friendship. During the [[Australian Labor Party split of 1931]], Dunn joined the breakaway [[Lang Labor]] faction.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=154}} Near the end of 1931, Lang Labor members were planning a vote of no confidence for the removal of the [[Scullin government]], but they needed all Coalition members present in the [[Australian House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] for when the vote was planned to take place. Dunn asked for Colebatch to make sure that all Coalition members were present, who then went to the leader of the Senate opposition, [[George Pearce]], who was uninterested. Colebatch then went to [[William Glasgow (general)|William Glasgow]] and managed to convince him that Dunn was telling the truth. As a result, all Coalition members were present for the vote of no confidence, and they, combined with Lang Labor, were able to force [[1931 Australian federal election|an early election]] in which the Scullin government was defeated.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=155}}

Colebatch was disappointed when the new [[United Australia Party]] government turned out to be almost as protectionist as the previous government.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=156}} In May 1932, he tried to amend the Customs Bill so that the government was obliged to have its tariff schedules approved by parliament within three months. After some debate, he compromised on six months and so the amendment was passed. Colebatch was the only senator to oppose the Ottawa Agreement of 1932, which established the system of [[Imperial Preference]].{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=157}}

==Agent-general again==

===Secessionism===
In January 1933, Mitchell offered Colebatch the position of agent-general again. Colebatch, believing his anti-protectionist efforts in the Senate to be futile, took the position, making him the first person to be agent-general for Western Australia twice. By this time, he was involved with the campaign for [[Secessionism in Western Australia|Western Australian secession]]{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=164}} and had joined the [[Dominion League]], an organisation advocating for secession.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=165}} He soon became one of the league's most prominent speakers, most notably delivering a speech on 13 February 1933 at the [[Perth Town Hall]] to an overflowing audience.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|pp=165–167}}<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article58674642 |title=Ill Effects of Federation Closely Analysed |newspaper=The Sunday Times |date=19 February 1933 |access-date=3 January 2023 |page=14 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> The anti-secessionist Federal League objected to Colebatch being associated with the pro-secession campaign as the agent-general is meant to be neutral, but he was still a senator and had not taken up the position of agent-general yet. He resigned from the Senate on 20 March 1933 and assumed the position of agent-general five days later.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=167}}

[[File:WA secession delegation.jpg|thumb|From left to right: [[Matthew Moss]], [[Keith Watson (politician)|Keith Watson]], [[James MacCallum Smith]] and Hal Colebatch on top of the [[Savoy Hotel]] in London holding the Dominion Flag{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=175}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Matthew Lewis Moss, H.K. Watson, James MacCallum Smith MLA and Sir Hal Colebatch on top of the Savoy Hotel in London display the Dominion flag. Battye Library [BA556/1] |url=https://webarchive.slwa.wa.gov.au/federation/popup/000757d.htm |website=State Library of Western Australia |access-date=3 January 2023}}</ref>|alt=Black and white photograph of four men dressed in suits standing on a balcony holding a large flag depicting the Union Jack with a black swan in the centre.]]

On 8 April 1933, the [[1933 Western Australian secession referendum|Western Australian secession referendum]] occurred,{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=170}} in which 66.23% of electors voted in favour of seceding.{{cn|date=January 2023}} The 1933 state election occurred on the same day, in which the Mitchell government was defeated by the anti-secessionist Labor party, led by Phillip Collier.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=170}} Despite having worked well with Collier last time he was agent-general, Colebatch's position was precarious due to his advocacy for secession.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=171}} Nevertheless, Collier chose to honour the electorate's wish by sending a delegation to London to ask the [[British Parliament]] for permission to secede.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=172}} Colebatch urged for Collier to be part of the delegation but he chose not to. Colebatch was instead leader with the other members being legal advisor Matthew Moss, chairman of the Dominion League [[Keith Watson (politician)|Keith Watson]] and vice-president of the Dominion League [[James MacCallum Smith]].{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=173}}<ref>{{cite news |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/page/2878154 |title=Secession: London Delegation: Four Members: Two to go from Perth |newspaper=The West Australian |date=1 September 1934 |access-date=3 January 2023 |page=19 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref>

Colebatch knew the chance of being successful was low but saw the situation as a useful bargaining chip in negotiations with the federal government as well as way to generate publicity for the state's grievances.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=173}} [[J. H. Thomas]], the [[Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs]], told Colebatch that the British Government had no intention on allowing secession but it would nevertheless receive the delegation courteously. This pleased Colebatch, who now did not have to worry about the intricacies and consequences of secession. When [[Edward John Harding]], the permanent under-secretary for the dominions, asked Colebatch if Western Australia really wanted to secede, he replied that the movement would subside if Western Australia received fairer treatment from the Commonwealth. The petition was presented to both houses of the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom]] in December 1934 and was then referred to a select committee which determined that although the British Parliament had the legal power to pass an act for the secession of Western Australia, it would go against [[Constitutional convention (political custom)|constitutional conventions]] unless the petition came as the "clearly expressed wish of the Australian people as a whole". As a result, the British Parliament rejected the petition.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=174}}

When Watson suggested armed rebellion if the petition was rejected, Colebatch issued a statement distancing the Western Australian government from these comments. The secession movement faded away after it was clear that the British Parliament was not interested.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=175}} Colebatch could consider the situation a win, despite having previously advocated for secession, as the federal government soon reduced import [[Duty (tax)|duties]] on several items and it established the [[Commonwealth Grants Commission]] to advise the government on the distribution of grants to the states. The federal government also began spending more on defence in Western Australia; it had spent almost nothing prior to that. It created the [[Fremantle Fortress]] on [[Rottnest Island]], which included [[BL 9.2-inch Mk IX – X naval gun|9.2-inch naval guns]] to defend Fremantle.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=176}}

===Other===
In 1933, Colebatch issued an [[invitation to tender]] for the construction of a new generator at [[East Perth Power Station]]. He was frustrated when he was forced to accept a British tender rather than a German tender which was £40,000 cheaper because the German tender was subject to import duties worth more than £40,000. He also arranged the purchase of the [[MV Koolama (1937)|MV ''Koolama'']] and new railcars and trolleybuses.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=178}} After Australia increased duties on imported glassware, the Belgian Government retaliated by blocking imports on Australian goods, which affected the apple and meat industry in Western Australia.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=179}} Colebatch was able to convince the Minister for Commerce, [[Earle Page]], to negotiate with Belgium to reopen trade.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=180}} Colebatch also proposed an Australian Trade Council which was to consist of the agents-general and the [[Australian High Commissioner to the United Kingdom|high commissioner to the United Kingdom]]. This was accepted by the premiers in 1934 but did not eventuate as High Commissioner Stanley Bruce did not want to do so.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=180}}

Colebatch became a [[liveryman]] of the [[Worshipful Company of Glass Sellers]] in December 1935 and a liveryman of the [[Worshipful Company of Fishmongers]] some time later. He also became a [[Freedom of the City of London|freeman of the City of London]].{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=183, 219}} He represented Australia at the [[funeral of King George V]] and the [[coronation of King George VI]]. He was a member of the Council of the [[Imperial Society of Knights Bachelor]].{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=184}} When Collier decided he wanted Mitchell to be the next [[Governor of Western Australia|lieutenant governor of Western Australia]],{{efn|The position of lieutenant governor was used instead of governor from 1931 to 1948 as a cost-saving measure as lieutenant governors get paid less.{{cn|date=January 2023}}}} Colebatch negotiated with the [[Dominions Office]] for Mitchell to be appointed. Up until that point, all governors had been British-born and the British Government wanted to ensure that the appointment of Mitchell did not rule out appointing British governors in the future.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=188}}

In 1936, Colebatch was reappointed Agent-General.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=193}} He went on a tour of Scandinavia at the beginning of 1936, having received invitations from the Anglo-Swedish and Anglo-Danish societies to give a series of lectures on Australian products. He accepted the invitations on the condition that he was not paid for his lectures.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=194}} After that, he went to Germany with [[Albert Edward Heath]], the agent-general for New South Wales, and [[Arthur Balfour, 1st Baron Riverdale]].{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=196}} The official reason for visiting Germany was to go to the [[Leipzig Trade Fair]], but he also met with several anti-fascist Germans who sought to open Germany to trade with the outside world,{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=196}} as well as several Nazi political figures such as [[Hjalmar Schacht]]{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=197, 202}} and [[Joachim von Ribbentrop]].{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=203}} He later went on a lecture tour of England and Scotland for the [[Royal Over-Seas League|Overseas League]], where he urged for Britain to adopt conscription. When the [[Perth Trades Hall]] heard about this, it urged the state government to sack Colebatch.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=206}}

In mid-1937, Colebatch returned to Germany with Heath and G. H. Morrison, an Australian journalist living in Germany, to attend the [[International Chamber of Commerce]] in [[Berlin]].{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=208}} Colebatch described the event as propaganda designed to impress the delegates.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=210}} He was also given a tour of a labour camp and a concentration camp, possibly [[Sachsenhausen concentration camp|Sachsenhausen]]. Colebatch described the camp as "specially selected for display to visitors".{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=212}} In February 1939, he gave the centenary address to the [[Cobden Club]].{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=216}} Albeit keen to continue as agent-general, when Colebatch's term was up in 1939, a former Labor minister, [[Frank Troy]], was appointed in his place.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=216}} Colebatch then returned to Perth.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=220}}

==Back in Australia==
During [[World War II]], Colebatch was the vice-president of the State Executive Committee for raising war funds. Brian De Garis wrote that "he could take satisfaction in the good record of Western Australia in this respect, for it raised more per head in War Savings Certificates than the wealthier and more populous states." He used his position in ''The Northam Advertiser'' to urge readers to take the war seriously and prepare the country for what was to come, as well as further advocate for [[Conscription in Australia|conscription]].{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=225}}

Colebatch was again elected to the Legislative Council, this time to the [[Metropolitan Province (Western Australia)|Metropolitan Province]], taking his seat in July 1940. At this time, he was living in [[Lawson Flats]] in the [[Perth (suburb)|Perth central business district]]. He believed that parliament could use his experience in local, national and international affairs during the war.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=228}} Among the things he opposed was legislation designed to prevent foreigners from growing potatoes,{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=237}} and a bill to amend the Parliamentary Allowances Act to increase the retirement payments for MPs.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=238}} He was also the chairman of the [[Royal Commission into the Care and Reform of Youthful Delinquents]].{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=274}}

Colebatch contested the [[1948 Western Australian Legislative Council election]] as one of two candidates endorsed by the Liberal Party for his seat. The party did not want Colebatch elected though, and only helped the other candidate. Colebatch lost the election as a result.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=274}}

==Death==
After a short illness, Colebatch died on 12 February 1953 at [[Royal Perth Hospital]].{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=287}}<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article49080051 |title=Sir Hal Colebatch Served W.A. Well |newspaper=The West Australian |date=13 February 1953 |access-date=23 January 2023 |page=2 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> He received a [[state funeral]] on 13 February at St George's Cathedral. Despite the [[1953 Western Australian state election|state election]] occurring on the following day, the pallbearers included Premier [[Ross McLarty]], Chief Secretary [[Victor Doney]], Speaker [[Charles North (politician)|Charles North]], Deputy Opposition Leader [[John Tonkin]], President of the Legislative Council [[Harold Seddon]], Clerk of the Legislative Assembly F. E. Islip, Lord Mayor of Perth [[Joseph Totterdell]], [[Frank Gibson (politician)|Frank Gibson]], [[George Lowe Sutton]], [[William Pickering (Australian politician)|William Pickering]] and [[Sydney Stubbs]]. Federal Minister for Territories [[Paul Hasluck]] represented the Commonwealth Government.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=287}}<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article49080426 |title=Late Sir Hal Colebatch Traffic Halts As Cortege Passes |newspaper=The West Australian |date=14 February 1953 |access-date=23 January 2023 |page=7 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> His net worth at the time of his death was only slightly above £2000, owning no house or car.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=289}}<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article55803221 |title=W.A. Knight's Estate |newspaper=The West Australian |date=13 May 1953 |access-date=23 January 2023 |page=1 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> He was buried at [[Karrakatta Cemetery]].<ref name="Australian Dictionary of Biography"/><ref name="Parliament biography" />

==Personal life==
Although he was brought up Anglican, he was not an active member of any church and his religious beliefs were vague and undefined.{{sfn|De Garis|1962|p=14}}

Colebatch married Mary Maud Saunders (1869–1940) on 29 April 1896 in St George's Cathedral.<ref name="Parliament biography">{{cite web |title=Hal Pateshall Colebatch |url=https://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/library/MPHistoricalData.nsf/(Lookup)/9D28B3572961F5EF482577E50028A574 |website=Parliament of Western Australia |access-date=3 January 2023}}</ref> They had two sons: Harley Colebatch and Gordon Lindsay Colebatch. Both sons fought in France during [[World War I]] and Gordon was severely injured by a [[Shell (projectile)|shell]] burst.{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=53}} Mary Maud Saunders died on 20 January 1940.<ref name="Parliament biography" />{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=228}}

At a social function at Parliament House, Colebatch met Marion Frances Gibson (1911–1975), an Army Nursing Sister{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=234}} and daughter of politician [[Frank Gibson (politician)|Frank Gibson]].{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=260}} They married at [[St Andrew's Church, Perth]], on either 21 or 22 December 1944<ref name="Australian Dictionary of Biography"/><ref name="Parliament biography" />{{sfn|Colebatch|2004|p=260}} and had one son together: [[Hal Gibson Pateshall Colebatch]].<ref name="Parliament biography" />

==Notes==
{{noteslist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

===Bibliography===
*{{cite book |last1=Colebatch |first1=Hal G. P. |author-link1=Hal Colebatch (author) |title=Steadfast Knight: A Life of Sir Hal Colebatch |date=2004 |publisher=[[Fremantle Arts Centre Press]] |isbn=1-920731-39-3}}
*{{cite thesis |last1=De Garis |first1=Brian |author-link1=Brian De Garis |title=A Political Biography of Sir Hal Colebatch |date=1962 |publisher=University of Western Australia |degree=MA |url=https://onesearch.library.uwa.edu.au/permalink/61UWA_INST/1vk1d8f/alma9949517902101}}
*{{cite book |title=The Western Australian Parliamentary Handbook |edition=25th |url=https://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/WebCMS/webcms.nsf/resources/file-parliamentary-handbook/$file/Handbook%202021.pdf |via=Parliament of Western Australia |isbn=978-1-925580-43-3 |date=2021 |first=David |last=Black |publisher=Legislative Council of the Parliament of Western Australia |author-link=David Black (historian)}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin |30em |indent=yes}}
* {{cite Q |Q132258106 |mode=cs1 |editor-first=Hal |editor-last=Colebatch |editor-link=Hal Colebatch }}{{sfn whitelist|CITEREFColebatch1929}}
*{{citation |last1=Colebatch |first1=Hal |title=Unpublished autobiography |date=1949 |publisher=[The author |url=https://encore.slwa.wa.gov.au/iii/encore/record/C__Rb1335186 |via=[[J S Battye Library]]}}
*{{citation |last1=Colebatch |first1=Hal |title=Papers |date=1922–1949 |url=https://encore.slwa.wa.gov.au/iii/encore/record/C__Rb1709482 |via=[[J S Battye Library]]}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
*[https://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/library/MPHistoricalData.nsf/32e457f9ba7d7c5148257b5500242416/9d28b3572961f5ef482577e50028a574/$FILE/Colebatch,%20Hal%20Pateshall,%20Inaugural%20Speech.pdf Maiden speech]
*{{commons category-inline}}

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{{succession box |title=[[Australian Senate|Senator]] for [[List of senators from Western Australia|Western Australia]] |before=[[Charles Graham (Western Australian politician)|Charles Graham]]{{br}}[[Ted Needham]] |after=[[Herbert Collett]] |alongside=[[George Pearce]], [[Patrick Lynch (Australian politician)|Patrick Lynch]],{{br}}[[Walter Kingsmill]], [[William Carroll (Australian politician)|William Carroll]], [[Bertie Johnston]] |years=1 July 1929 – 20 March 1933}}
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{{succession box |title=Member for [[East Province (Western Australia)|East Province]] |before=[[Warren Marwick]] |after=[[William Carroll (Australian politician)|William Carroll]] |alongside=[[Vernon Hamersley]],{{br}}[[Thomas Wilding]], [[Charles Baxter (politician)|Charles Baxter]] |years=22 May 1912 – 17 June 1923}}
{{succession box |title=Member for [[Metropolitan Province (Western Australia)|Metropolitan Province]] |before=[[James Franklin (politician)|James Franklin]] |after=[[Keith Watson (politician)|Keith Watson]]{{br}}[[Harry Hearn]] |alongside=[[Leonard Bolton]],{{br}}[[James Gordon Hislop]] |years=22 May 1940 – 21 May 1948}}
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{{succession box |title=[[Premier of Western Australia]] |before=[[Henry Lefroy]] |after=[[James Mitchell (Australian politician)|Sir James Mitchell]] |years=17 April 1919 – 17 May 1919}}
{{succession box |title=[[Minister for Education (Western Australia)|Minister for Education]] |before=[[Thomas Walker (Australian politician)|Thomas Walker]] |after=[[John Ewing (Australian politician)|John Ewing]] |years=27 July 1916 – 17 June 1923}}
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{{s-ttl |title=[[Minister for Health (Western Australia)|Minister for Public Health]] |years=17 May 1919 – 3 April 1921}}
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{{WesternAustraliaPremiers}}
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