View source for Hanumatodi

{{Short description|Raga in Carnatic music}}
{{Infobox ragam
| name          = Hanumatodi
| synonym       =
| image_name    =
| image_alt     =
| mela          =
| chakra        =
| type          =
| arohanam      = {{svaraC|S|R1|G2|M1|P|D1|N2|S'}}
| avarohanam    = {{svaraC|S'|N2|D1|P|M1|G2|R1|S}}
| jeeva         =
| chhaya        =
| nyasa         =
| vishesha      =
| equivalent    = [[Phrygian mode]]
| similar       =
}}
{{Carnatic}} 
'''Hanumatodi''', more popularly known as '''Todi''' (pronounced hanumatōdi and tōdi), is a [[rāga]]m (musical scale) in [[Carnatic music]]. It is the 8th ''[[melakarta]]'' [[rāga]]m (parent scale) in the 72 ''melakarta'' rāgam system. This is sung very often in concerts. It is a difficult rāgam to perform in owing to its complexity in ''[[prayoga]]'' (phrases of notes and intonation). It is called '''Janatodi''' in [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]] school of Carnatic music.<ref name="dikshitar">''Sri Muthuswami Dikshitar Keertanaigal'' by Vidwan A Sundaram Iyer, Pub. 1989, Music Book Publishers, Mylapore, Chennai</ref> Its Western equivalent is the [[Phrygian mode]]. Todi in Carnatic music is different from ''[[Todi (thaat)]]'' of [[Hindustani music]] (North Indian classical music). The equivalent of the Hindustani raga ''Todi'' in Carnatic music is ''[[Shubhapantuvarali]]'' (which is the 45th ''melakarta'').<ref name="ragas">''Ragas in Carnatic music'' by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications</ref><ref name="raganidhi">''Raganidhi'' by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras</ref> The equivalent of Carnatic ''Todi'' in Hindustani is ''[[Bhairavi (music)|Bhairavi]] thaat'' in terms of notes, but the two sound very different due to differing uses of gamakas.<ref name="ragas" />

==Structure and Lakshana==
[[Image:Hanumatodi scale.svg|thumb|right|300px|''Todi'' scale with ''shadjam'' at C]]

It is the 2nd rāgam in the 2nd ''chakra Netra''. The mnemonic name is ''Netra-Sri''. The mnemonic phrase is ''sa ra gi ma pa dha ni''.<ref name="ragas" /> Its ''ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa'' structure is as follows (see [[Swara#Svaras in Carnatic music|''swaras'' in Carnatic music]] page for details on below notation and terms):
*[[Arohana|ārohaṇa]] : {{svaraC|S|R1|G2|M1|P|D1|N2|S'|foot=yes}}
*[[Avarohana|avarohaṇa]] : {{svaraC|S'|N2|D1|P|M1|G2|R1|S|foot=yes}}

This scale uses the notes ''shuddha rishabham, sadharana gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, shuddha dhaivatham'' and ''kaisiki nishadham''.{{which lang|date=November 2020}} It is a [[sampoorna raga|''sampoorna'' rāgam]] - rāgam having all 7 ''[[swara]]ms''. It is the ''shuddha madhyamam'' equivalent of ''[[Bhavapriya]]'', which is the 44th ''melakarta'' scale. A peculiarity of this raga is that it is sung in all lower notes. It is also classified as a "rakti" raga (a raga of high melodic content).

== ''Janya'' rāgams ==
''Hanumatodi'' has many ''[[janya]]'' rāgams (derived scales) associated with it, of which ''[[Asaveri]]'', ''[[Janatodi]]'', ''[[Dhanyasi]]'', ''[[Punnagavarali]]'' and ''Shuddha Seemanthini'' are popular. See [[List of Janya Ragas#Hanumatodi|List of ''janya'' rāgams]] for all of ''Todi's janyas''.

==Popular compositions==
Most composers have composed songs in ''Todi''.<ref name="raganidhi" /> [[Thyagaraja]] alone has composed about 32 compositions in this raga with each composition starting at every single note of the three octaves. Thāye Yashoda, composed by [[Oottukkadu Venkata Kavi]], is a very well known composition, in the [[Tamil language]]. This popular ''[[Kriti (music)|kriti]]'' is sung frequently in concerts. A popular ''[[varnam]]'' in the ''Todi'' rāgam is ''Erā Nāpai'' by [[Patnam Subramania Iyer]], one of the famous composers of Carnatic music.

Other popular compositions are:

* ''Era Na Pai'' an [[Adi tala]] [[Varnam]] by [[Patnam Subramania Iyer]]
* [[Varnam]]s ''Danike Tagu Janara'', ''Dani Sati Poti Ledura'' and ''Mohalahiri Konden Swami'' by Shivanandam of the [[Tanjore Quartet]]
* [[Varnam]] ''Roopamu Joochi'' by [[Tiruvarur Ramaswami Pillai]] or [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]] or [[Ramaswami Dikshitar]] (Disuputed)
* [[Varnam]] ''Kanakāngi'' in ''Ata'' [[Tala (music)|tala]] and a [[Krithi]] ''Amba Naadu'' by Pallavi Gopal Iyer
* ''Sarigani Dani'' is a Swarasthana Pada[[varnam]](Swaraksharam composition) by [[Ramaswami Dikshitar]]
* ''Daani Samajendra (based on Dani Sati Poti Ledura by Shivanandam of the [[Tanjore Quartet]])'' and ''Saridisavasa'' ([[Varnams]]) by [[Swathi Thirunal]]
* [[Varnam]] ''Meenākshi Needu'' by Gnanananda Teertha (Ogirala Veera Raghava Sarma)
* [[Varnam]] ''Na Samini'' by Nallan Chakravarthy Murthy
* ''Kadhanu Variki'', ''Karuna Joodavamma'', ''Dachukovalena'', ''Thappi Brathiki'', ''Brindavana Lola'', ''Emani Mataditivo'', ''Enduku Dayaradhu'', ''Koti Nadulu'', ''Munnu Ravana'', ''Varidhi Neeku'', ''Proddupoyenu'', ''Emi Jesithe'', ''Dasarathi Nee Runamu'', ''Ninnu Vina Sukhamu'', ''Nee Daya Raavale'', ''Hariyanu Vari'', ''Re Manasa'', ''Aragimpave'', ''Raju Vedale'', ''Rukalu Padi'', ''Endu Daginado'', ''Chesinadella'', ''Ne Morabettite(Originally in [[Rupavati]])'', ''Kanna Thalli Neevu(Originally in [[Saveri]])'', ''Koluvamaregada'', ''Nee Vanti Daivamu'', ''Vedalenu Kodandapani'' and ''Gathi Neevani'' by [[Thyagaraja]] 
*  ''Sarasijanābha Murāre'', ''Japatha Japatha'', ''Deva Deva Mām Pālaya'', ''Mandara Dhara'', ''Pankajāksha Tava Sevam'', ''Samodam Kalayami'' and ''Pankajākshanam Ramesan'' by [[Swathi Thirunal]]
* ''Shri Krishnam Bhaja Mānasa'', ''Dākshāyani'', ''Vedāranyeshvarāya Namaste'', ''Rāmāchandrāya Namaste'',  ''Pālayamām Brihadeeshwari'', ''Shri Subramanyomām Rakshathu'', ''Mahāganapathim Vande'' and ''Kamalāmbike Āshritha Kalpalathike'' by [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]]
* ''Kangalidyātako'' by [[Sripadaraja]]
* ''Thāye Yashodā'', ''Jatādhara'', ''Anjanānandām Bōdhi Chandra'', ''Uruhādha Manam'' and ''Venugāna Ramanā'' by [[Oothukkadu Venkata Kavi]]
* ''Enu Dhanyalo Lakumi'', ''Banda Nodi Govinda'', ''Ninna Nodi Dhanyanadeno'' by [[Purandara Dasa]]
* ''Sharadeye Karuna Varidhi'' by [[Vijaya Dasa]]
*''Vazhi Maraithirukudhe'' by [[Gopalakrishna Bharati]] (also sung in [[Nattakurinji]])
* ''Gajananam Ganapathim'' by [[Jayachamarajendra Wodeyar]]
* ''Gajanana Yanuchu'' by Chinnikrishna Dasar
* ''Gajavadana Sammoditha'' by Kumara Ettendra
* ''Kārthikeya Gangeya'', ''Sadashiva Bhajaname'', ''Thanigai Valar'', ''Undu Kuladeiva Raman'', ''Kunram Kudi Konda'', ''Kadaikkan Nokki'', ''Ellam Sivan Seyal'' and ''Thamatham Yen Swami'' by [[Papanasam Sivan]]
* ''Meenalochani Amba'' by [[Muthiah Bhagavatar]]
* ''Paradevathe Nin Pada Bhajanam'' by [[Irayimman Thampi]]
* ''Alaya Vidudal'' by [[Ambujam Krishna]]
* ''Ananda Natesha'' by Ramaswami Sivan
* ''Sri Kamakshi Varadayaki'' by Spencer Venugopal
* ''Kāmākshi Sada'' by Gnanananda Teertha (Ogirala Veera Raghava Sarma)
* ''Anjaneyam Upasmahe'' by Bellary M. Sheshagiri Acharya
* ''Ninne Namminanu'', ''Emani Migula'' and ''Karunanidhi Ilalo'', three [[Krithi]]s and ''Rave Himagiri Kumari,'' a [[Swarajati]] by [[Shyama Shastri]]
* ''Notru Suvargam'', a [[Thiruppavai]] by [[Andal]] tuned by [[Ariyakudi Ramanuja Iyengar]]
*''Kali Theera'' by [[Koteeswara Iyer]]
* ''Sudha Nidhe Mamava Sadha'' and ''Mama Nini(Swaraksharam composition)'' by [[Balamurali Krishna]]
* ''Balimi Yela([[Javali]])'' by [[Pattabhiramayya]]
* ''Emi Balkeney([[Javali]])'' by Dhuddu Seetharama Sastry
* ''Mosa Jese([[Javali]])'' by Chinnaiah of the [[Tanjore Quartet]], sung today in [[Sindhu Bhairavi (raga)|Sindhubhairavi]]
* ''Poosadharamu'' is a Padam by Govindaswamy Ayya
* ''Yaar Poi Solluvaar and Ella Arumaigalum'' are Padams by [[Ghanam Krishna Iyer]]. He has also composed Krithis like ''Anname Naalum Nirnayame, Anname Naan Enna Seiven, Maname ennaalum, Mannanaar Valai, Nee Illaamal Vereyundo, Pacchilande Marappadunda, Thirukkanmaaleeshvarar, Vaaraaro Vandhu  and Chaitanya Vigrahame''
* ''Kanyanivu Seyu/Ennitikani and Sudhinamayane'' are Padams by [[Kshetrayya]]
* ''Endu Pizha Gynan'' is a Padam by an unknown composer
* ''Sugreva Narasimha'' by [[Annamacharya]]

== Film Songs ==
'''<big>Language:[[Tamil language|Kannada]]</big>'''
{| class="wikitable"
!Song
!Movie
!Year
!Composer
!Singer
|-
|Naadamaya Ee Lokavella
|''[[Jeevana Chaitra]]''
|1992
|[[Upendra Kumar]]
|[[Dr. Rajkumar]]
|}
=== Language:[[Tamil language|Tamil]] ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Song
!Movie
!Year
!Composer
!Singer
|-
|Ellam Sivan Seyal
|[[Sivakavi]]
|1943
|[[Papanasam Sivan]]
|[[M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar]]
|-
|Kattradhu Kai Mannalavu
|[[Avvaiyar (film)|Avvaiyar]]
|1953
|[[M. D. Parthasarathy]],
Anandaraman and Mayavaram Venu
|[[K. B. Sundarambal]]
|-
|Ennai Pol Pennallavo
|[[Vanangamudi]]
|1957
|rowspan=2|[[G. Ramanathan]]
|[[P. Suseela]]
|-
|Aanandam Inru Aarambam(Ragamalika)
|[[Kalyanikku Kalyanam]]
|1959
|[[M. L. Vasanthakumari]],[[P. Leela]]
|-
|Konji Konji Pesi
|[[Kaithi Kannayiram]]
|1960
|[[K.V. Mahadevan]]
|[[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Pesuvadhu Killiyaa
|[[Panathottam]]
|1963
| rowspan="3" |[[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]]
|rowspan=2|[[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[P. Susheela]]
|-
|Aadaludan Paadalai
|[[Kudiyirundha Koyil]]
|1968
|-
|Enge Nimmadhi
|[[Puthiya Paravai]]
|1964
|[[T. M. Soundararajan]]
|-
|Oru Naal Irunthen Thaniyaaga
|[[Ethirigal Jakkirathai]]
|1967
|[[Vedha (composer)|Vedha]]
|[[T. M. Soundararajan|T.M.Soundararajan]], [[P. Susheela]], [[B. Vasantha|B.Vasantha]]
|-
|Thodiyil Paduginren
|Thodiragam (film)
|
|[[Kunnakudi Vaidyanathan]]
|[[T. N. Seshagopalan]]
|-
|Gangai Karai Mannanadi
|[[Varusham Padhinaaru|Varusham 16]]
|1989
|rowspan="3"|[[Ilaiyaraaja]]
|[[K. J. Yesudas]]
|-
|En Jodi Manja Kuruvi
|[[Vikram (1986 Tamil film)|Vikram]]
|1986
|S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. P. Sailaja, K. S. Chithra, Gangai Amaran
|-
|Nethu Kodutha
|Kathal Saathi
|
|[[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
|-
|Athiradee
|[[Sivaji: The Boss]]
|2007
|rowspan=2|[[A.R. Rahman]]
|A R Rahman, Sayonara 
|-
|Usure Pogudhey
|[[Raavanan (2010 film)|Raavanan]]
|2010
|[[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], [[Mohammad Irfan Ali]]
|-
|Ammadi Idhu Thaan Kadhala
|[[Idhu Namma Aalu (1988 film)|Idhu Namma Aalu]]
|1988
|[[K. Bhagyaraj]]
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
|-
|Thodi Raagam Paadava
|[[Maanagara Kaaval]]
|1991
|[[Chandrabose (composer)|Chandrabose]]
|[[K. J. Yesudas]], [[K. S. Chithra]]
|-
|Mankatha Theme
|[[Mankatha]]
|2011
|[[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]
|
|-
|Varaha Roopam Daiva Varishtam
Ragamalika (Hanumatodi, [[Mukhari]], [[Kanakangi]])
|[[Kantara (film)|Kantara]] 
|2022
|[[B. Ajaneesh Loknath|B.Ajaneesh Lokhnath]]
|
|-
|Thamarai poovil amarnthavale
|Devotional song
|
|
|[[P. Susheela]]
|}

==Related rāgams==

''Todi's'' notes when shifted using ''[[Graha bhedam]]'', yields 5 other major ''melakarta'' rāgams, namely, ''[[Mechakalyani|Kalyani]]'', ''[[Dheerasankarabharanam|Shankarabharanam]]'', ''[[Natabhairavi]]'', ''[[Kharaharapriya]]'' and ''[[Harikambhoji]]''. For further details and an illustration of ''graha bhedam'' of this rāgam refer [[Dheerasankarabharanam#Related rāgams|related rāgams section in Shankarabharanam]] page.

==Notes==
{{notelist|30em}}

==References==
{{Portal|India|Music}}
{{reflist|30em}}

{{Melakarta ragas|state=collapsed}}
{{Janya|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Melakarta ragas]]