View source for Harry Hooper

{{Short description|American baseball player (1887–1974)}}
{{Other people}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox baseball biography
|name=Harry Hooper
|image=Harry Hooper 1915.jpg
|caption=Hooper in 1915
|position=[[Right fielder]]
|bats=Left
|throws=Right
|birth_date={{birth date|1887|8|24}}
|birth_place=[[Bell Station, California]], U.S.
|death_date={{death date and age|1974|12|18|1887|8|24}}
|death_place=[[Santa Cruz, California]], U.S.
|debutleague = MLB
|debutdate=April 16 
|debutyear=1909
|debutteam=Boston Red Sox
|finalleague = MLB
|finaldate=October 4
|finalyear=1925
|finalteam=Chicago White Sox
|statleague = MLB
|stat1label=[[Batting average (baseball)|Batting average]]
|stat1value=.281
|stat2label=[[Hit (baseball)|Hits]]
|stat2value=2,466
|stat3label=[[Home run]]s
|stat3value=75
|stat4label=[[Run batted in|Runs batted in]]
|stat4value=816
|stat5label=[[Stolen base]]s
|stat5value=375
|teams=
* [[Boston Red Sox]] ({{mlby|1909}}–{{mlby|1920}})
* [[Chicago White Sox]] ({{mlby|1921}}–{{mlby|1925}})
|highlights=
*4× [[World Series]] champion ([[1912 World Series|1912]], [[1915 World Series|1915]], [[1916 World Series|1916]], [[1918 World Series|1918]])
* [[Boston Red Sox Hall of Fame]]
|hoflink = National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum
|hoftype = National
|hofdate=[[1971 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting|1971]]
|hofmethod=Veterans Committee
}}
'''Harry Bartholomew Hooper''' (August 24, 1887 – December 18, 1974) was an American professional [[baseball]] [[right fielder]] who played in [[Major League Baseball]] (MLB). Hooper batted left-handed and threw right-handed. Hooper was born in [[Bell Station, California]], and he graduated from [[Saint Mary's College of California]]. He played for major league teams between 1909 and 1925, spending most of that time with the [[Boston Red Sox]] and finishing his career with the [[Chicago White Sox]].

Hooper was often known for his defensive skills, ranking among the league leaders in defensive categories such as putouts and assists by a right fielder. He is the all-time career leader in assists and double plays by a right fielder.<ref>{{cite web|title=Career Leaders & Records for Assists as RF (s.1901)|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/leaders/A_rf_career.shtml|accessdate=2024-05-21|publisher=Sports Reference|work=Baseball-Reference}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Career Leaders & Records for Double Plays Turned as RF (s.1901)|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/leaders/DP_rf_career.shtml|accessdate=2024-05-21|publisher=Sports Reference|work=Baseball-Reference}}</ref> During several seasons with Boston, he teamed up with [[Duffy Lewis]] and [[Tris Speaker]] to form the [[Golden Outfield]], one of the best outfield trios in baseball history. Hooper is also one of only two members of four separate Red Sox [[World Series]] championship teams ([[1912 World Series|1912]], [[1915 World Series|1915]], [[1916 World Series|1916]], [[1918 World Series|1918]]). He was elected to the [[Baseball Hall of Fame]] in 1971.

== Early life ==
Hooper was born on August 24, 1887, in [[Bell Station, California]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Zingg|1993|p=28}}</ref> His family had migrated to California as many other families from the United States due to the [[California Gold Rush]].<ref name="page 13">{{Harvnb|Zingg|1993|p=13}}</ref> His father, Joseph "Joe" Hooper, was born in Morrell, [[Prince Edward Island]], [[Canada]].<ref name="page 14">{{Harvnb|Zingg|1993|p=14}}</ref>  Joe was the fourth child and second boy born to English-born William Hooper, Harry's grandfather, and his Portuguese wife Louisa.<ref name="page 13"/> Harry was the youngest child in his family of four; he had a sister named Lulu and twin brothers named George and Charlie.<ref>{{Harvnb|Zingg|1993|p=29}}</ref> Hooper's mother, Mary Katherine (Keller), was from [[Frankfurt|Frankfurt, Germany]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ancestry of Harry Hooper (1887-1974) |url=https://freepages.rootsweb.com/~celebrities/genealogy/hooper.html |access-date=2024-10-15 |website=freepages.rootsweb.com}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=October 2024|certain=y}}

Hooper's two older brothers had been forced to quit school early to work on the family farm, but Hooper showed an affinity for school, especially in math. One of Hooper's teachers helped to convince his parents to allow Hooper to attend a high school in Oakland.<ref>{{Harvnb|Zingg|1993|p=38}}</ref> After graduating from the high school affiliated with [[Saint Mary's College of California]], Hooper graduated from college there with an engineering degree.<ref name="hof"/><ref name=SCPL>{{cite web|last1=Johnson|first1=Jim|title=Heroes and Villains: Santa Cruz County Produced Baseball Stars and Baseball Scandals|url=http://www.santacruzpl.org/history/articles/209/|publisher=Santa Cruz Public Library|access-date=November 8, 2014|archive-date=December 25, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225125950/http://www.santacruzpl.org/history/articles/209/|url-status=dead}}</ref> At St. Mary's Hooper had demonstrated his skills both academically and on the ball field.<ref>{{Harvnb|Zingg|1993|p=39}}</ref>

==Baseball career==
===Minor leagues===
Hooper was a pitcher when he signed with the [[Oakland Commuters]] in 1907 to begin his minor league career, but he converted to a position player role.<ref name=PP2>{{cite news|title=Harry Hooper has been with Red Sox ten years|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1144&dat=19180827&id=L1odAAAAIBAJ&pg=4278,3602408|access-date=November 8, 2014|work=[[The Pittsburgh Press]]|date=August 27, 1918}}</ref> In 41 games with Oakland, he hit for a .301 [[batting average (baseball)|batting average]] in 156 at bats. He spent the next year with the [[Sacramento Solons|Sacramento Senators]], hitting .344 in 77 games.<ref name=Minors>{{cite web|title=Harry Hooper Minor League Statistics & History|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/minors/player.cgi?id=hooper001har|publisher=[[Baseball-Reference.com]]|access-date=November 8, 2014}}</ref> His contract with Sacramento also provided him with work as a railroad surveyor when he was not playing baseball.<ref name=SCPL/> Hooper did not know it at first, but his manager in Sacramento, Charles Graham, was a [[scout (sport)|scout]] for the [[Boston Red Sox]]. Graham helped to arrange a meeting between Hooper and Red Sox owner [[John I. Taylor]]. Hooper was signed to a $2,800 contract with Boston.<ref>{{Harvnb|Gay|2007|p=76}}</ref>

===Boston Red Sox===
[[File:Harry Hooper.JPEG|150px|thumb|right|1912 baseball card of Hooper]] 
Breaking into the majors with the Red Sox in 1909, Hooper played in 81 games and hit .282.<ref name=BR/> Between 1910 and 1915, he teamed with [[center fielder]] [[Tris Speaker]] and [[left fielder]] [[Duffy Lewis]] to form the [[Golden Outfield]], one of the finest outfield trios in baseball history.<ref name=PP3>{{cite news|last1=Grayson|first1=Harry|title=Redsox outfield combination was finest in baseball|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1144&dat=19430410&id=FwkeAAAAIBAJ&pg=4427,1786725|access-date=November 8, 2014|work=[[The Pittsburgh Press]]|date=April 10, 1943}}</ref> Religious differences may have been the biggest challenge for the Golden Outfield. At the time, a common Protestant sentiment was that Catholics would move to their communities and change the established culture. Speaker, who was a Protestant, once went a year without speaking to Hooper or Lewis, who were both Catholic.<ref name="Whalen">{{cite book|last1=Whalen|first1=Thomas J.|title=When the Red Sox Ruled: Baseball's First Dynasty, 1912-1918|date=2011|publisher=Government Institutes|isbn=9781566639026|page=69|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9gnWGF179W4C|language=en}}</ref>

Though Hooper was a hard competitor on the field, he became known for his likable personality and sense of humor, which contrasted with Speaker's tough exterior.<ref>{{Harvnb|Gay|2007|p=77}}</ref> Hooper became a favorite with the fans and he established a reputation as a [[Clutch (sports)|clutch player]].<ref name="Stout">{{cite book|last1=Stout|first1=Glenn|title=Fenway 1912: The Birth of a Ballpark, a Championship Season, and Fenway's Remarkable First Year|date=2011|publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt|isbn=978-0547607399|page=[https://archive.org/details/fenway1912birtho00stou_0/page/164 164]|url=https://archive.org/details/fenway1912birtho00stou_0|url-access=registration|language=en}}</ref> He became known as a top-caliber defensive [[right fielder]] and a solid leadoff hitter. He invented a maneuver known as the "rump-slide" for catching shallow fly balls.<ref name=Porter/>

In 1910, Hooper played 155 games and hit .267 in a league-leading 688 plate appearances, marking the first of 11 consecutive seasons where he had at least 564 plate appearances. He led all AL outfielders with 30 assists that season, but he also committed a league-high 18 errors. In 130 games the next year, Hooper hit .311;<ref name=BR/> the outfield trio of Hooper, Lewis, and Speaker hit .315 combined.<ref name=EI>{{cite news|last1=Moshier|first1=Jeff|title=Playing square|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=950&dat=19430609&id=hrtSAAAAIBAJ&pg=1805,4706169|access-date=November 9, 2014|work=[[Evening Independent]]|date=June 9, 1943}}</ref>

Hooper's batting average dropped to .242 in 1912.<ref name=BR/> Boston won the [[1912 World Series]], during which Hooper made a catch in the decisive 8th game that ''[[The Pittsburgh Press]]'' referred to as one of the finest plays in baseball history. The catch robbed [[Larry Doyle (baseball)|Larry Doyle]] of a home run in a game ultimately won by the Red Sox by a score of 3-2. The paper noted that Hooper "does not seek the limelight. He is reserved and bashful, and every action of his upon the baseball field plainly shows these qualities."<ref name=Hero>{{cite news|title=Harry Hooper was real Redsox hero|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1144&dat=19121213&id=sBsbAAAAIBAJ&pg=4383,3742753|access-date=November 8, 2014|work=[[The Pittsburgh Press]]|date=December 13, 1912}}</ref>  Red Sox pitcher [[Smokey Joe Wood]] described the catch as follows: {{cquote|"Larry Doyle hit a terrific drive to deep right center, and Harry ran back at full speed and dove over the railing and into the crowd and in some way, I'll never quite figure out how, he caught the ball — I think with his bare hand. It was almost impossible to believe, even when you saw it."<ref>{{cite book|title=The Glory of Their Times|year=1992|author=Ritter, Lawrence|publisher=Harper Collins|isbn=9780688112738}}</ref>}}
On May 30, 1913, Hooper became the first player to hit a [[home run]] to lead off both games of a [[doubleheader (baseball)|doubleheader]], a mark only matched by [[Rickey Henderson]], [[Brady Anderson]], and [[Ronald Acuña Jr.]] over 80 years later.<ref>{{cite book|last=Spatz|first=Lyle|title=TheSABR Baseball List & Record Book – Baseball's Most Fascinating Records and Unusual Statistics|year=2007|publisher=Simon & Schuster|location=United States|isbn=9781416532453|pages=496}}</ref> In 1914, he recorded 230 [[putout]]s in right field, which was the first of several seasons in which he finished in the top three in that category among right fielders.<ref name=BR/>

On October 13, 1915, in Game 5 of the [[1915 World Series]], Hooper became the second player to hit two home runs in a single World Series game. Lewis contributed a third home run as the Red Sox won another world championship four games to one.<ref name=World>{{cite news|title=Harry Hooper's big bat won the honors for Boston|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=22&dat=19151014&id=9DkBAAAAIBAJ&pg=2433,2476322|access-date=November 8, 2014|work=[[Toronto World]]|date=October 14, 1915}}</ref> Hooper was also the captain of the Red Sox in 1919.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1923/10/12/archives/two-homers-hit-thrice-but-previous-feats-in-series-were-not-in.html|title=Two Homers Hit Thrice|date=October 12, 1923|work=[[The New York Times]]|page=12|accessdate=January 6, 2022}}</ref> Hooper talked Boston manager [[Ed Barrow]] into converting [[Babe Ruth]] from a pitcher to an outfielder.<ref name=Reading>{{cite news|title=Harry Hooper dies at 87|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1955&dat=19741218&id=2QorAAAAIBAJ&pg=4584,5745999|access-date=November 8, 2014|work=[[Reading Eagle]]|date=December 18, 1974}}</ref>

===Chicago White Sox===
Before the 1921 season, the media questioned whether Hooper would re-sign with the Red Sox for the coming season, saying that Hooper may have been disappointed not to be given an opportunity at manager.<ref name=PP>{{cite news|title=Red Sox may lose Hooper|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1144&dat=19210228&id=mRwbAAAAIBAJ&pg=1152,4830337|access-date=November 8, 2014|work=[[The Pittsburgh Press]]|date=February 28, 1921}}</ref> Since 1919, Red Sox owner [[Harry Frazee]] had been getting rid of expensive veteran players in what has been called a "fire-sale".<ref name="McNeil">{{cite book|last1=McNeil|first1=William F.|title=Red Sox Roll Call: 200 Memorable Players, 1901-2011|date=2012|publisher=McFarland|isbn=9780786464715|page=84|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NJcZDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA83|language=en}}</ref> The Red Sox traded Hooper to the [[Chicago White Sox]] in March 1921 in exchange for [[Shano Collins]] and [[Nemo Leibold]].<ref name=LDS>{{cite news|title=Harry Hooper traded to Chisox for Shono Collins and Harry Liebold|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1928&dat=19210305&id=1qYgAAAAIBAJ&pg=1177,3719850|access-date=November 8, 2014|work=[[Lewiston Daily Sun]]|date=March 5, 1921}}</ref> Newspaper accounts said that Hooper had not been warned about the trade, that he would demand a higher salary from the White Sox, and that he was prepared not to play unless the team met his demands.<ref name=SPT>{{cite news|title=Harry Hooper may quit game|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=890&dat=19210308&id=PctOAAAAIBAJ&pg=5694,6023508|access-date=November 8, 2014|work=[[St. Petersburg Times]]|date=March 8, 1921}}</ref>

Hooper had some of his best offensive production with the White Sox. He hit over .300 in three of the five seasons he spent with the team, and he hit a career-high 11 home runs and 80 [[runs batted in]] (RBIs) during the 1922 season. In 1922 and again in 1924, Hooper was involved in eight double plays, which led the league for outfielders in both of those seasons.<ref name=BR/> In 1925, Hooper asked for his release from Chicago so that he could pursue a position as a manager.<ref name=Release>{{cite news|title=Harry Hooper seeks release|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1499&dat=19251014&id=mptSAAAAIBAJ&pg=3993,8333757|access-date=November 8, 2014|work=[[The Milwaukee Journal]]|date=October 14, 1925}}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

Hooper was a career .281 hitter with 75 home runs, 817 RBI, 1429 runs, 2466 [[Hit (baseball)|hits]], 389 [[Double (baseball)|doubles]], 160 triples, 375 [[stolen base]]s and 1136 [[bases on balls]] in 2309 games.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espn.com/mlb/player/stats/_/id/23059/harry-hooper |title= Harry Hooper|access-date=July 13, 2008 |work=[[ESPN.com]]}}</ref> Defensively, Hooper finished his career with a .966 [[fielding percentage]] playing at all three outfield positions.<ref name="BR" /> He holds the Red Sox franchise records for most triples (130) and stolen bases (300), as well as [[Fenway Park]] records for triples (63) and stolen bases (107).<ref name=BR>{{cite web |url= https://www.baseball-reference.com/h/hoopeha01.shtml |title= Harry Hooper Statistics |access-date=July 13, 2008 |publisher=[[Baseball-Reference.com]]}}</ref> Hooper is only one of two players ([[Heinie Wagner]] being the other) to be a part of four Red Sox [[World Series]] championships.<ref name="hof"/> He hit better than .300 five times in his career and compiled a .293 batting average (27-for-92) in four World Series appearances.<ref name="BR" />

==Outside baseball==
Early in his baseball career, Hooper became involved in business interests that were unrelated to baseball. His original interest was peach orchards in [[Capitola, California]]. He later purchased additional orchards in [[Yuba City, California|Yuba City]], and he also began to produce artichokes and pomegranates. Hooper received a military draft exemption as a farmer in 1917, but his land was mostly maintained by his father or by foremen that he hired.<ref name="Zingg154155">{{Harvnb|Zingg|1993|pages=154-155}}</ref> Given Hooper's hands-off approach to his business dealings, he relied heavily on the advice of others. Over the years, he entered into several business opportunities that lost money, including investments in an insurance agency, in oil drilling, and in juice processing. However, he was successful enough with local property investments that he avoided financial strain.<ref name=Zingg154155/>

Hooper married the former Esther Henchy in 1912 and they had three children, named John, Harry Jr, and Marie.<ref name="Porter">{{cite book|last1=Porter|first1=David L.|title=Biographical Dictionary of American Sports: G-P|date=2000|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=9780313311758|pages=688–689|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aChCBw-PmHQC&pg=PA688|language=en}}</ref> His son John played minor league baseball under [[Lefty Gomez]] in [[Binghamton, New York]].<ref name=Risinger/>

==Later life==
Following his retirement from baseball, Hooper lived in Capitola and opened a real estate firm. He was named player-manager for San Francisco's minor league team in the [[Pacific Coast League]] in 1927.<ref name=Manager>{{cite news|title=Harry Hooper elected manager San Francisco club in Pacific League|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1928&dat=19270502&id=I60gAAAAIBAJ&pg=5892,2628739|access-date=November 8, 2014|work=[[Lewiston Daily Sun]]|date=May 2, 1927}}</ref> Hooper coached the baseball team at [[Princeton University]] for two seasons in the 1930s. He elected to leave the university when, in a cost-cutting measure prompted by the [[Great Depression]], the administration proposed that his $5,000 annual salary be reduced by 40 percent.<ref>{{Harvnb|Zingg|1993|p=216}}</ref>

Hooper was appointed [[postmaster]] in Capitola in 1933.<ref name=Postmaster>{{cite news|title=Harry Hooper named postmaster by Farley|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1955&dat=19330718&id=c3gzAAAAIBAJ&pg=3363,2506878|access-date=November 8, 2014|work=[[Reading Eagle]]|date=July 18, 1933}}</ref> He held that position for 24 years. He was active in civic affairs through the chamber of commerce and the improvement club. "He was one of Capitola's most prominent local citizens. Whenever something was going on in Capitola from the 1920s to the 1960s, he was involved," local museum curator Frank Perry said.<ref name="Sentinel">{{cite web|last1=Morgan|first1=Terri|title=Capitola History Museum exhibit honors civic leader Harry Hooper|url=http://www.santacruzsentinel.com/article/ZZ/20140314/NEWS/140317625|publisher=[[Santa Cruz Sentinel]]|date=March 14, 2014}}</ref>

In 1939, Hooper agreed to coach Boston's professional indoor baseball league team.<ref name=Indoor>{{cite web|title=Harry Hooper will pilot Boston's pro indoor baseball team|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1928&dat=19391027&id=J9NKAAAAIBAJ&pg=4605,2064666|publisher=[[Lewiston Daily Sun]]|access-date=November 8, 2014}}</ref> He remained active in later life, enjoying hunting, fishing and following the [[San Francisco Giants]] and the Red Sox.<ref name=Dies/>

In the late 1960s and early 1970s, John Hooper spearheaded a letter-writing campaign to get his father inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame via the Veterans Committee.<ref name="Risinger">{{cite news |last1=Risinger |first1=Bobby |date=January 17, 1971 |title=Hooper now batting for dad |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-baytown-sun-hooper-now-batting-for-d/157168233/ |access-date=2024-10-15 |work=[[Baytown Sun]] |page=11 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> Hooper was selected to the [[Baseball Hall of Fame]] in 1971.<ref name="hof">{{cite web|url=http://www.baseballhalloffame.org/hofers/detail.jsp?playerId=116127 |title=The Hall of Famers: Harry Hooper |access-date=July 13, 2008 |publisher=[[National Baseball Hall of Fame]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071004210912/http://www.baseballhalloffame.org/hofers/detail.jsp?playerId=116127 |archive-date=October 4, 2007 }}</ref>

Hooper died on December 18, 1974, at the age of 87 in [[Santa Cruz, California]]. He had been healthy enough to attend that summer's Baseball Hall of Fame induction ceremonies and he had gone duck hunting less than a month before he died. Hooper had surgery for a circulatory issue three weeks before his death, but he seemed to have recovered well from that procedure. Harry Hooper Jr said that Hooper had died of old age. He said that Hooper was the oldest living member of the Hall of Fame before his death.<ref name=Dies>{{cite news|title=Ex-red Sox Harry Hooper dies; oldest Hall Of Famer|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1314&dat=19741219&id=mO9LAAAAIBAJ&pg=6612,114154|access-date=November 8, 2014|work=[[The Spokesman-Review]]|date=December 19, 1974}}</ref>

==In popular culture==
Hooper Beach in Capitola is named for Harry Hooper. In 2014, the Capitola History Museum created an exhibit highlighting Hooper's importance in the development of the city.<ref name=Sentinel/>

The television series ''[[The Simpsons]]'' made a brief visual reference to Hooper in the 1992 episode "[[Homer at the Bat]]", where [[Mr. Burns]] has selected Hooper to play center field for his company's all-star softball team. His assistant [[Waylon Smithers|Smithers]] has to point out that all the players Mr. Burns had selected are long since retired and dead.

==See also==
{{Portal|Baseball}}
*[[Boston Red Sox Hall of Fame]]
*''[[The Glory of Their Times]]''
*[[List of Major League Baseball career hits leaders]]
*[[List of Major League Baseball career triples leaders]]
*[[List of Major League Baseball career runs scored leaders]]
*[[List of Major League Baseball career stolen bases leaders]]

== Notes ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== References ==
*{{cite book |title= Harry Hooper: An American Baseball Life |url= https://archive.org/details/harryhooperameri0000zing |url-access= registration |last= Zingg |first= Paul |year= 1993 |publisher= University of Illinois Press|location=Champaign, Illinois |isbn=0-252-07170-0}}
*{{cite book |title= Tris Speaker: The Rough-and-Tumble Life of a Baseball Legend |last= Gay |first= Timothy |year= 2007 |publisher= Globe Pequot |isbn=978-1-59921-111-4}}
*{{cite book |title=Babe Ruth's Own Book of Baseball |last= Ruth |first= Babe |author-link= Babe Ruth |year= 1992|publisher= University of Nebraska Press |isbn=0803289391}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
*{{bbhof|hooper-harry}}
*{{baseballstats|mlb=|espn=|br=h/hoopeha01|fangraphs=1006002|brm=hooper001har|retro=}}
*{{findagrave}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Hooper, Harry}}
[[Category:1887 births]]
[[Category:1974 deaths]]
[[Category:National Baseball Hall of Fame inductees]]
[[Category:Major League Baseball right fielders]]
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[[Category:Saint Mary's Gaels baseball players]]
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[[Category:Baseball players from Santa Clara County, California]]
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