View source for Hedcut

{{Short description|Style of drawing}}
{{use mdy dates |date=September 2022}}
[[File:KevinSprouls.jpg|thumb|Kevin Sprouls, a "hedcut" autoportrait.]]
'''Hedcut''' is a term referring to a style of [[drawing]] associated with ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' half-column portrait illustrations.  

The newspaper staff uses the [[stippling|stipple]] method of many small dots and the [[hatching]] method of small lines to create an image, and are designed to emulate the look of [[woodcut]]s from old-style newspapers, and engravings on certificates and currency. The phonetic spelling of "hed" may be based on newspapers' use of the term ''hed'' for "headline".

''The Wall Street Journal'' adopted the current form of this portraiture in 1979 when freelance artist [[Kevin Sprouls]] approached the paper with some ink-dot illustrations he had created. The front-page editor felt that the drawings complemented the paper's classical feeling and gave it a sense of stability. Additionally, they are generally more legible than photographs of the same size would be.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rosin |first1=Paul |last2=Collomosse|first2=John|title=Image and Video-Based Artistic Stylisation|date=October 29, 2012 |publisher=Springer|isbn=978-1447145189|page=355|edition=2013|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YjXlTPFYGEYC&pg=PA356|accessdate=3 November 2015}}</ref>

Sprouls was subsequently hired as a staff illustrator and remained there until 1987. Today, there are five hedcut artists employed by ''The Wall Street Journal''.

Each drawing takes between three and five hours to produce. First, a high-quality photograph must be obtained. This photograph is then converted to [[grayscale]] and the contrast is adjusted in [[Photoshop]]. The altered photograph is printed out, placed on a light table, and overlaid with tracing vellum. The illustrators then trace directly over this image with pens, recreating the source photo using specific dot and line patterns. The final tracing is then scanned back into Photoshop where it can be colorized if needed or otherwise adjusted. These drawings are traditionally created at 18 by 31 [[Pica (typography)|picas]] ({{convert|3|by|5+1/6|in|cm|disp=or}}), and then later reduced to fit the column size. 

Women are sometimes more difficult to depict than men as they tend to have more complicated haircuts, which are often cropped for simplicity. This allows the women's portraits to fit into the same size frame as the men's without reducing the relative scale of the women's faces.

In 2002, the [[Smithsonian Institution]] acquired 66&nbsp;original hedcut drawings and have put them on permanent display in the [[National Portrait Gallery (United States)|National Portrait Gallery]].

A March 18, 2010, video produced by ''The Wall Street Journal'' shows the artists at work.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Aguilar|first1=Brian|title=How WSJ Stipple Drawings are Made|url=https://www.wsj.com/video/how-wsj-stipple-drawings-are-made/91955BD8-9F31-4E50-AEF1-26A61B3AA2FB.html |date=March 18, 2010 |website=The Wall Street Journal|accessdate=3 November 2015}}</ref>

In 2019, ''The Wall Street Journal'' began developing a proprietary application<ref>{{cite web|last1=Marconi|first1=Francesco|title=What's in a Hedcut? Depends How It's Made. A 40-year-old Wall Street Journal tradition gets recrafted with technology|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/whats-in-a-hedcut-depends-how-its-made-11576537243 |date=December 16, 2019 |website=The Wall Street Journal|accessdate=6 December 2019}}</ref> that generated custom hedcut portraits using [[machine learning]] trained on a dataset of over 2,000 hedcut drawings and photographs.  In December 2019, ''The Wall Street Journal'''s R&D Chief Francesco Marconi announced that hedcuts published in the newspaper would continue to be created by human artists, but that the [[AI]]-driven tool would be offered to all its members in order to "democratize" the illustrations and create an ongoing repository of photos for the app to continue to learn from in order to better refine its results.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Bleed|first1=Evelyn|title=How the Wall Street Journal developed its make-your-own hedcut feature|url=https://www.storybench.org/how-the-wall-street-journal-developed-its-make-your-own-hedcut-feature/|website=Storybench|date=23 February 2020 |accessdate=23 February 2020}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150530014253/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704207504575129961786135180 History of WSJ Hedcuts]&mdash;Article on the artists and history behind the WSJ hedcut portraits
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20240626163203/https://www.npg.si.edu/exh/journal/index.htm Smithsonian National Portrait Gallery]&mdash;exhibit "Picturing Business in America:  Hedcuts in the Wall Street Journal"
* [http://www.sprouls.com/blog/ Kevin Sprouls Blog]&mdash;Blog showcasing art of Kevin Sprouls, originator of the Hedcut portrait style
* [http://www.squaregear.net/gimptips/hedcut.shtml Square Gear Gimp Tips – Hedcut] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150918235255/http://www.squaregear.net/gimptips/hedcut.shtml |date=September 18, 2015 }}&mdash;Gimp tutorial and equivalent Gimp script

[[Category:Illustration]]
[[Category:The Wall Street Journal]]