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{{Short description|Figure in the Book of Mormon}}
{{about|Helaman, the son of [[Alma the Younger]], in the [[Book of Mormon]]}}
{{Distinguish|Helam|Laman}}
{{Multiple issues|{{original research|date=December 2016}}
{{Religious text primary|date=October 2011}}}}

{{Figures in the Book of Mormon}}

The [[Book of Mormon]] mentions three men named '''Helaman''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|iː|l|ə|m|ən}} {{respell|HEE|lə-mən}}). The first was the son of King Benjamin, king of the united Nephite-Zarahemla kingdom who lived in the 2nd century BC. Besides his genealogy, information about the first Helaman is limited. His brother, Mosiah, became heir to the throne.<ref name="Mosiah 1:1-10">Book of Mormon, {{Sourcetext|source=Book of Mormon|version=1981|book=Mosiah|chapter=1|verse=1|range=-10}}</ref>

The second was a [[Nephite]] [[prophet]] and military leader who lived around the 1st century BC. He was the grandson of Alma and the oldest son of Alma (the younger), and was entrusted with maintaining a record of their people, the Nephites, as found in the Book of Alma. According to the Book of Mormon, he led into battle an army of two thousand young male warriors, which he referred to as his [[Two thousand stripling warriors|two thousand sons (two thousand stripling warriors)]]. Most of the parts of the narrative involving Helaman come from the latter half of the [[Book of Alma]].

The third '''Helaman''' was the son of the above mentioned Helaman. He was a chief judge over the Nephites and was also responsible for maintaining a record of this people. The account that Helaman kept was recorded on the same records as his father. This record, however, was first given by Helaman (the father) to his brother Shiblon, who then handed the record down to his nephew, Helaman. The writings of this second Helaman are contained within the Book of Helaman.

==Etymology==
[[Joseph Smith]] had no knowledge of any foreign language at the time of the Book of Mormon's composition, and the name "Helaman" has never been discovered in any non-Mormon text. However, [[Brigham Young University]]'s ''Book of Mormon Onomasticon'' includes several [[Mormon Apologetics|apologetic]] etymologies for the name, including "Hammer of God".<ref>[https://onoma.lib.byu.edu/onoma/index.php/HELAMAN HELAMAN]</ref>

==Early life==
Helaman was the eldest son of Alma the Younger, another Nephite prophet.  The exact time and place of his birth are unknown. The house of his father, Alma, was in [[Zarahemla]], the Nephite capital land, and Helaman may also have lived in Zarahemla.

The Book of Mormon first mentions Helaman in Alma 31:7,<ref name="Alma31:7">''The Book of Mormon''. {{Sourcetext|source=Book of Mormon|version=1981|book=Alma|chapter=31|verse=7}}.</ref> and little is known of his life prior to this brief allusion. In this verse Helaman's father, Alma, and two younger brothers, Shiblon and Corianton, embark on a [[missionary]] journey to the [[Zoramites]], but Helaman does not accompany them. This journey occurred towards the end of the 17th year of the "[[Book of Mosiah#A New Government|reign of the judges]]", which probably corresponds to about 75 BC.<ref name="journeydate">It can be concluded from the following verses that the journey took place in the 17th year of the reign of the judges: {{Sourcetext|source=Book of Mormon|version=1981|book=Alma|chapter=30|verse=6}} states that Korihor came into the land of Zarahemla in the latter end of the 17th year of the reign of the judges. {{Sourcetext|source=Book of Mormon|version=1981|book=Alma|chapter=31|verse=1|range=, 6}} show unambiguously that it was after Korihor's demise that the mission to the Zoramites took place. In {{Sourcetext|source=Book of Mormon|version=1981|book=Alma|chapter=35}}, the mission concludes with the missionaries withdrawing from the Zoramites, the converts being cast out, and the Zoramites preparing for war. {{Sourcetext|source=Book of Mormon|version=1981|book=Alma|chapter=35|verse=11|range=-12}} states that the 17th year ended in this manner.</ref>

==Later life==
After their missionary labors among the Zoramites, Alma, his sons, and the rest of their company returned to [[Zarahemla]].<ref name="Alma35:14">''The Book of Mormon''. {{Sourcetext|source=Book of Mormon|version=1981|book=Alma|chapter=35|verse=14}}.</ref> At this time Alma gathered his sons together to give each of them a charge.<ref name="Alma35:16">Book of Mormon., {{Sourcetext|source=Book of Mormon|version=1981|book=Alma|chapter=35|verse=16}}.</ref>  In his charge to Helaman,<ref name="charge">Book of Mormon., Alma 36-37. Alma's charge to Helaman is contained in these two chapters.</ref> Alma recounts his own conversion, exhorts Helaman to [[righteousness]], and confers stewardship of the sacred [[chronicle|record]]s and other [[Cultural artifact|artifact]]s (including the "interpreters", or [[Urim and Thummim]]).<ref name="Alma37:21">Book of Mormon{{Sourcetext|source=Book of Mormon|version=1981|book=Alma|chapter=37|verse=21}}</ref> to Helaman.<ref name="secondchoice">Book of Mormon, {{Sourcetext|source=Book of Mormon|version=1981|book=Alma|chapter=50|verse=37|range=-38}}. Alma had previously tried to give the records and artifacts to Nephihah, but Nephihah refused to take them.</ref> These sacred records were passed down from generation to generation throughout the history of the Nephites, with each generation adding the story of their own time. It was these records which [[Mormon (prophet)|Mormon]] and [[Moroni (Book of Mormon prophet)|Moroni]] drew from and abridged when compiling the [[Book of Mormon]]. Helaman accepted the records and continued the record-keeping tradition.  The section of the Book of Alma beginning at chapter 45 states that it is, "The account of the people of Nephi, and their wars and dissensions, in the days of Helaman, according to the record of Helaman, which he kept in his days."<ref name="Alma45">Book of Mormon, {{Sourcetext|source=Book of Mormon|version=1981|book=Alma|chapter=45}}.</ref> This section may possibly continue as far as chapter 62, wherein Helaman dies.<ref name="death">Book of Mormon, {{Sourcetext|source=Book of Mormon|version=1981|book=Alma|chapter=62|verse=52}}.</ref>

Following Alma's words to his sons, he and his sons (including, presumably, Helaman) went among the people for a time, preaching the word of God.<ref name="Alma43:1-2">Book of Mormon, {{Sourcetext|source=Book of Mormon|version=1981|book=Alma|chapter=43|verse=1|range=-2}}.</ref> Shortly afterward, in the 19th year of the reign of the judges (c. 73 BC), Alma approached Helaman for an important conversation. In what some consider a good model for child-parent interviews,<ref name="interview">{{cite web | author=Asay, Carlos E. | date=November 1983 | title=Parent-Child Interviews | work=Ensign | url=https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/1983/11/parent-child-interviews?lang=eng | access-date=2024-09-01 }} [[General Authority|LDS leader]] Carlos Asay uses the example of the relationship of Alma and Helaman to instruct concerning parent-child interviews.</ref> Alma questioned Helaman, praised him for his beliefs, and blessed him. Alma also dictated to him a [[prophecy]] of the destruction of the Nephites, which Alma commanded him to record but not to make known until it was fulfilled.<ref name="Alma45:2-17">''The Book of Mormon''. {{Sourcetext|source=Book of Mormon|version=1981|book=Alma|chapter=45|verse=2|range=-17}}.</ref> Not long after his charge to Helaman, Alma departed and was never heard of again.<ref name="Alma45:18">Book of Mormon, {{Sourcetext|source=Book of Mormon|version=1981|book=Alma|chapter=45|verse=18}}.</ref>

After this, Helaman and his brethren went among the people declaring the word of God and appointing "[[priest]]s and teachers throughout all the land, over all the churches."<ref name="Alma45:20-22">Book of Mormon, {{Sourcetext|source=Book of Mormon|version=1981|book=Alma|chapter=45|verse=20|range=-22}}.</ref> Dissension arose, allegedly due to the people's [[pride]] and [[Wealth|riches]], and the people thus would not heed the words of Helaman and his brethren.<ref name="Alma45:23-4">Book of Mormon, {{Sourcetext|source=Book of Mormon|version=1981|book=Alma|chapter=45|verse=23|range=-24}}.</ref>

For the next several years, Helaman worked as a [[High priest (Mormonism)|high priest]] in the Church, though not necessarily as ''the'' high priest over the Church. Helaman's work suffered major set-backs during [[Amalickiah]]'s rise,<ref name="Alma46:6">Book of Mormon, {{Sourcetext|source=Book of Mormon|version=1981|book=Alma|chapter=46|verse=6}}.</ref> but then prospered in the years following Amalickiah's departure from the Nephites to the [[Lamanites]].<ref name="Alma46:38">Book of Mormon, {{Sourcetext|source=Book of Mormon|version=1981|book=Alma|chapter=46|verse=38}} and {{Sourcetext|source=Book of Mormon|version=1981|book=Alma|chapter=49|verse=30}}.</ref>

==Ministering to the Anti-Nephi-Lehies==
Helaman next appears in Alma 53, in the 26th year of the reign of the judges (c. 66 BC), trying to persuade the [[Anti-Nephi-Lehies]], also known as [[Ammonites (Book of Mormon)|Ammonites]], not to take up arms.<ref name="Alma 53">Book of Mormon, {{Sourcetext|source=Book of Mormon|version=1981|book=Alma|chapter=53}}.</ref> Years earlier, upon their conversion to the gospel of Christ, the Anti-Nephi-Lehies had made an [[oath]] to [[God]] that they "never would use [[weapons]] again for the shedding of man's blood."<ref name="Alma24:17-18">Book of Mormon, {{Sourcetext|source=Book of Mormon|version=1981|book=Alma|chapter=24|verse=17|range=-8}}.</ref> The Nephites and the Lamanites were embroiled in [[war]], and the Anti-Nephi-Lehies wished to join the conflict and fight alongside the Nephites. However, to do so would mean breaking the oath which they had made. Helaman "feared lest by so doing they should lose their souls."<ref name="Alma53:15">Book of Mormon, {{Sourcetext|source=Book of Mormon|version=1981|book=Alma|chapter=53|verse=15}}.</ref> Overpowered by the persuasions of Helaman, the Anti-Nephi-Lehies resigned themselves to being spectators in the conflict.

However, the Anti-Nephi-Lehies had many sons who, unlike their fathers, had never entered into a [[covenant (historical)|covenant]] not to take up weapons of war. These sons also wished to fight for the Nephites and have Helaman as their leader. With no oath restricting them and the Nephites in desperate circumstances, they were permitted to do so. There is no indication prior to this in the text that Helaman had any [[military]] training whatsoever, and indeed he may not have. Certainly, the sons of the [[Ammonites (Book of Mormon)|Anti-Nephi-Lehies]] had no fighting experience.<ref name="Alma56:47">Book of Mormon, {{Sourcetext|source=Book of Mormon|version=1981|book=Alma|chapter=56|verse=47}}.</ref> Regardless, the interesting turn of events made Helaman have the Anti-Nephi-Lehies marching at the head of an [[army]] of two thousand soldiers. [[General Authority|LDS leader]] Richard J. Maynes cited the entire episode in a [[General Conference (LDS Church)|General Conference]] as containing good examples of covenant-keeping behavior.<ref name="covenantkeeping">{{citation |last= Maynes |first= Richard J. |date=November 2004 |title= Keeping Our Covenants |journal= Ensign |url= https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/2004/11/keeping-our-covenants?lang=eng }}</ref>

==Commander of the Stripling Warriors==
{{See also|Two thousand stripling warriors}}
Helaman's army of two thousand young men is often referred to as the [[two thousand stripling warriors]], or the sons of Helaman. Theirs is one of the most well-known stories from the Book of Mormon.

In brief, Helaman and his band marched in the 26th year of the reign of the judges (c. 66 BC) to the western part of the land of the [[Nephite]]s and there joined the existing Nephite forces.<ref name="march">''The Book of Mormon''. {{Sourcetext|source=Book of Mormon|version=1981|book=Alma|chapter=56|verse=9}}.</ref> There they played a pivotal role in some crucial Nephite victories. As a result of those victories, the Nephites regained possession of all of the western cities which had been taken by the [[Lamanites]].<ref name="Alma58:30-31">Book of Mormon, {{Sourcetext|source=Book of Mormon|version=1981|book=Alma|chapter=58|verse=30|range=-31}}.</ref> Although two of their battles were very bloody, the army of Helaman did not incur a single fatality.<ref name="battles">Helaman's epistle to Moroni in The Book of Mormon describes two particularly severe battles in which Helaman's army was involved. The first was outside the city of [[Antiparah]] (described in {{Sourcetext|source=Book of Mormon|version=1981|book=Alma|chapter=56|verse=30|range=-56}}). The second was in defense of the city of Cumeni (described in {{Sourcetext|source=Book of Mormon|version=1981|book=Alma|chapter=57|verse=17|range=-25}}) in the 29th year of the reign of the judges (c. 63 BC), {{Sourcetext|source=Book of Mormon|version=1981|book=Alma|chapter=57|verse=6}}).</ref> Helaman attributed this to divine preservation.<ref name="Alma58:39">''The Book of Mormon''. {{Sourcetext|source=Book of Mormon|version=1981|book=Alma|chapter=58|verse=39}}.</ref>

Helaman wrote an epistle to the captain of the Nephite armies, [[Captain Moroni|Moroni]], informing him of their success and expressing confusion that the government did not send more troops and support to the western front.<ref name="Alma56-58">Book of Mormon, Alma 56-58.</ref> Moroni received the epistle in the 30th year of the reign of the judges (c. 62 BC).<ref name="Alma56:1">Book of Mormon, {{Sourcetext|source=Book of Mormon|version=1981|book=Alma|chapter=56|verse=1}}.</ref> The next year the Nephites successfully drove the Lamanites back into the land southward and thus the war ended at last.<ref name="Alma62:38-39">Book of Mormon, {{Sourcetext|source=Book of Mormon|version=1981|book=Alma|chapter=62|verse=38|range=-39}}, {{Sourcetext|source=Book of Mormon|version=1981|book=Alma|chapter=56|verse=55|range=-56}} and {{Sourcetext|source=Book of Mormon|version=1981|book=Alma|chapter=57|verse=24|range=-25}}.</ref>

==Last years==
After the war ended in the 31st year of the reign of the judges (c. 61 BC), Helaman first briefly "returned to the place of his inheritance".<ref name="Alma62:42">Book of Mormon, {{Sourcetext|source=Book of Mormon|version=1981|book=Alma|chapter=62|verse=42}}.</ref> He then went forth with his brethren, preaching the word of God and establishing the Church.<ref name="Alma62:44-46">Book of Mormon, {{Sourcetext|source=Book of Mormon|version=1981|book=Alma|chapter=62|verse=44|range=-46}}.</ref> About four years later, in the 35th year of the reign of the judges (c. 57 BC), Helaman died.<ref name="death" /> At the time of his death, Helaman had not yet formally conferred stewardship of the sacred records and artifacts to his son, Helaman, as would have been traditional. Instead Shiblon "took possession of those sacred things" following Helaman's death.<ref name="Alma63:1">Book of Mormon, {{Sourcetext|source=Book of Mormon|version=1981|book=Alma|chapter=63|verse=1}}.</ref>

==See also==

* [[Book of Alma]] <!--Please do not add the Book of Helaman: it was named after a different Helaman from the one covered by this article. -->
* [[Two thousand stripling warriors]]

{{S-start}}
{{S-bef|before = [[Alma the Younger]]}}
{{S-ttl|title = [[Nephite]] [[Plates of Nephi#Caretakers|record keeper]]| years = the 19th-35th years of the reign of the judges,<br />or 73-57 BC}}
{{S-aft|after = Shiblon}}
{{S-end}}

==Notes and references==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
*{{Cite book |last=Berkey |first=Kimberly Matheson |title=Helaman: A Brief Theological Introduction |publisher=Maxwell Institute for Religious Scholarship |year=2020 |isbn=978-0-8425-0019-7 |language=en}}
*{{cite book |chapter-url= https://rsc.byu.edu/archived/book-mormon-alma-testimony-word/18-nephis-freedom-thesis-18-and-sons-helaman |chapter= Nephi’s Freedom Thesis 18 and the Sons of Helaman  |last= Bassett|first= K. Douglas |pages= 291–303 |title= The Book of Mormon: Alma, the Testimony of the Word  |editor1-last= Nyman |editor1-first= Monte S. |editor1-link= Monte S. Nyman |editor2-first= Charles D. Jr. |editor2-last= Tate |place= Provo, Utah |publisher= [[Religious Studies Center]], [[Brigham Young University]] |year= 1992 |isbn= 0-8849-4841-2 }}
*{{Cite book <!--Citation Bot --> |last=Hardy |first=Grant |title=Understanding the Book of Mormon: A Reader's Guide |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2010 |isbn=9780199745449}}
*{{Cite journal |last=Patterson |first=Robert |date=Winter 2002 |title=Helaman's Stripling Warriors and the Principles of Hypovolemic Shock |journal=Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought |volume=35 |issue=4 |pages=135–141 |doi=10.2307/45226903|jstor=45226903 }}
*{{Cite magazine |last=Reiss |first=Jana K. |date=June 1999 |title=Stripling Warriors Choose the Right: The Cultural Engagements of Contemporary Mormon Kitsch |magazine=Sunstone |pages=36–47}}
*{{Cite book |last=Wrathall |first=Mark A. |title=Alma 30–63: A Brief Theological Introduction |publisher=Neal A. Maxwell Institute for Religious Scholarship |year=2020 |isbn=978-0-8425-0020-3 |language=en}}

==External links==
* The ''Book of {{Sourcetext|source=Book of Mormon|version=1981|book=Alma}}'' on [[Wikisource]]
* [https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/scriptures/inh/helaman2?lang=eng Book of Mormon Index entry on Helaman]

[[Category:Book of Mormon prophets]]