View source for Hemoglobinuria

{{Short description|Abnormally increased hemoglobin in urine}}
{{More medical citations needed|date=September 2017}}
{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name            = Hemoglobinuria
| synonyms        = Haemoglobinuria
| image           = 1GZX Haemoglobin.png
| caption         = Structure of [[hemoglobin]]
| pronounce       =
| field           = [[Urology]], [[nephrology]]
| symptoms        = [[Disease]], [[Hemolytic anemia]], [[Proteinuria]]
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| causes          = Acute [[glomerulonephritis]]; [[Burn]]s; [[Renal cancer]]; [[Malaria]]; [[Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria]]; Microangiopathies, e.g. [[hemolytic-uremic syndrome]] (HUS), [[thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura]] (TTP) leading to [[microangiopathic hemolytic anemia]]; [[Transfusion reactions]]; IgM [[autoimmune hemolytic anemia]]; [[Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency]]; [[Pyelonephritis]]; [[Sickle cell anemia]]; [[Tuberculosis]] of the urinary tract; [[March hemoglobinuria]] secondary to repetitive impacts on the body, usually the feet; [[Athletic nephritis]] secondary to strenuous exercise; Acute [[lead poisoning]]
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'''Hemoglobinuria''' is a condition in which the [[oxygen]] transport [[protein]] [[hemoglobin]] is found in abnormally high concentrations in the [[urine]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Deters |first1=A. |last2=Kulozik |first2=A. E. |title=Hemoglobinuria |journal=Practical Algorithms in Pediatric Hematology and Oncology |date=2003 |volume=7 |issue=2–3 |pages=20–21 |doi=10.1159/000069582 |isbn=3-8055-7432-0 |url=https://www.karger.com/Article/Pdf/69582 |access-date=20 October 2019 |language=en|url-access=subscription }}</ref> The condition is caused by excessive [[intravascular hemolysis]], in which large numbers of [[red blood cell]]s (RBCs) are destroyed, thereby releasing free hemoglobin into the [[blood plasma|plasma]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Harper |first1=James L |title=What causes hemoglobinuria? |url=https://www.medscape.com/answers/202333-153096/what-causes-hemoglobinuria |website=www.medscape.com |access-date=5 April 2021 |date=30 September 2020}}</ref> Excess hemoglobin is filtered by the [[kidney]]s, which excrete it into the urine, giving urine a purple color. Hemoglobinuria can lead to [[acute tubular necrosis]] which is an uncommon cause of a death of uni-traumatic patients recovering in the [[Intensive care medicine|ICU]].

==Diagnosis==
The diagnosis is often made based on the medical history, blood samples, and a urine sample. The absence of urine RBCs and [[Urinary cast|RBC casts]] microscopically despite a positive [[Urine test strip|dipstick test]] suggests hemoglobinuria or [[myoglobinuria]]. The medical term for RBCs in the urine is [[hematuria]].

==See also==
* [[Hematuria]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Medical resources
|  DiseasesDB      = 19635 
|  ICD10           = {{ICD10|R|82|3|r|80}} 
|  ICD9            = {{ICD9|283.2}}, {{ICD9|791.2}} 
|  ICDO            = 
|  OMIM            = 
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|  eMedicineSubj   = 
|  eMedicineTopic  = 
|  MeshID          = D006456
}}

{{Abnormal clinical and laboratory findings for urine}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Abnormal clinical and laboratory findings for urine]]