View source for Hepatosplenomegaly

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'''Hepatosplenomegaly''' (commonly abbreviated '''HSM''') is the simultaneous enlargement of both the [[liver]] ([[hepatomegaly]]) and the [[spleen]] ([[splenomegaly]]).  Hepatosplenomegaly can occur as the result of acute [[viral hepatitis]], [[infectious mononucleosis]], and [[histoplasmosis]] or it can be the sign of a serious and life-threatening [[lysosomal storage disease]].  Systemic venous hypertension can also increase the risk for developing hepatosplenomegaly, which may be seen in those patients with right-sided [[heart failure]].

==Common causes==

{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|
* [[Infection]]:
** Acute [[viral hepatitis]]<ref name=medcyclopaedia/><ref name=gpnotebook>[http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/simplepage.cfm?ID=1516961800 GPNotebook: hepatosplenomegaly] Retrieved on Nov 23, 2009</ref>
** [[Infectious mononucleosis]]<ref name=medcyclopaedia/><ref name=gpnotebook/>
** [[Cytomegalovirus]]<ref name=medcyclopaedia/><ref name=gpnotebook/>
** [[Rubella]]<ref name=medcyclopaedia/>
** ''[[Brucella]]'' infection<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Xavier|first1=Mariana|title=Pathogenesis of Brucella spp.|journal=The Open Veterinary Science Journal|date=2010|volume=4|pages=109–118|doi=10.2174/1874318801004010109|doi-access=free}}</ref>
** [[Hyper active malaria syndrome]]<ref name=medcyclopaedia/>
** [[Leishmaniasis]]<ref name=medcyclopaedia/>
** [[Fasciolosis]]
** [[Typhoid fever]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2016/infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/typhoid-paratyphoid-fever#4723|title=Typhoid & Paratyphoid Fever - Chapter 3 - 2016 Yellow Book - Travelers' Health - CDC}}</ref>
** [[Schistosomiasis]] or [[filariasis]] importants
** [[Septicemic plague]]
** [[Histoplasmosis]]
* [[Hematologic disease]]s:
** [[Myeloproliferative disease]]<ref name=medcyclopaedia>[http://www.medcyclopaedia.com/library/topics/volume_vii/h/HEPATOSPLENOMEGALY.aspx medcyclopaedia: Hepatosplenomegaly] Retrieved on Nov 23, 2009</ref><ref name=gpnotebook/>
** [[Leukaemia]]<ref name=medcyclopaedia/><ref name=gpnotebook/>
** [[Lymphoma]]<ref name=medcyclopaedia/><ref name=gpnotebook/>
** [[Pernicious anaemia]]<ref name=gpnotebook/>
** [[Sickle cell anaemia]]<ref name=gpnotebook/>
** [[Hereditary Spherocytosis]]<ref name=gpnotebook/>
** [[Thalassaemia]]<ref name=gpnotebook/>
** [[Myelofibrosis]]<ref name=medcyclopaedia/>
* [[Metabolic]] disease:
<!-- which? **[[Chylomicron syndrome]] -->
** [[Niemann-Pick disease]]<ref>{{cite web|title = Niemann-Pick disease|publisher = Genetics Home Reference|url = https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/niemann-pick-disease/|access-date = 18 Sep 2020}}</ref>
** [[Gaucher's disease]]{{citation needed|date=February 2016}}
** [[Hurler's syndrome]]{{citation needed|date=February 2016}}
* [[Chronic liver disease]] and [[portal hypertension]]:
** [[Chronic active hepatitis]]<ref name=gpnotebook/>
* [[Amyloidosis]]<ref name=gpnotebook/>
* [[Acromegaly]]<ref name=gpnotebook/>
* [[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]<ref name=gpnotebook/>
* [[Sarcoidosis]]
* [[Human African trypanosomiasis]]{{citation needed|date=February 2016}}
* [[Drug abuse]]{{citation needed|date=February 2016}}
* [[Obesity]]{{citation needed|date=February 2016}}
}}

==Rare disorders==
Are the following:{{cn|date=December 2023}}
* [[Lipoprotein lipase deficiency|Lipoproteinlipase deficiency]]
* [[Multiple sulfatase deficiency]]
* [[Osteopetrosis]]
* [[Adult-onset Still's disease|Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD)]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Medical resources
| ICD10           = {{ICD10|R|16|2|r|10}}
| ICD9            = {{ICD9|571.8}}
| OMIM            =
| MedlinePlus     = 003275
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| SNOMED CT       = 36760000
}}

{{Digestive system and abdomen symptoms and signs}}
{{Medicine}}

[[Category:Symptoms and signs: Digestive system and abdomen]]
[[Category:Medical signs]]
[[Category:Diseases of liver]]


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