View source for Hochelaga-Maisonneuve

{{About|the neighbourhood|other uses|Hochelaga (disambiguation){{!}}Hochelaga}}
{{Infobox settlement
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| name                    = Hochelaga-Maisonneuve
| native_name             = 
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| image_blank_emblem      = Hochelaga Logo.png
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| image_caption           = Row houses on typical side street 
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| nickname                = '''HOMA'''
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| pushpin_label_position  = Bottom
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| pushpin_map_caption     = Location of Hochelaga-Maisonneuve in [[Montreal]]
| coordinates             = {{coord|45.553|-73.542|type:city_region:CA-QC|display=inline,title}}
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| subdivision_type        = Country
| subdivision_name        = [[Canada]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[Provinces and territories of Canada|Province]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Quebec]]
| subdivision_type2       = [[List of cities in Quebec|City]]
| subdivision_name2       = [[Montreal]]
| subdivision_type3       = [[Boroughs of Montreal|Borough]]
| subdivision_name3       = [[Mercier–Hochelaga-Maisonneuve]]
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| postal_code_type        = [[Canadian postal code|Postal code(s)]] 
| postal_code             = [[List of postal codes of Canada: H|H1V, H1W]]
| area_codes               = [[514 area code|514 and 438]]
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| website                 = https://montreal.ca/mercier-hochelaga-maisonneuve
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}}

'''Hochelaga-Maisonneuve''' ({{IPA|fr|ɔʃlaɡa mɛzɔ̃nœv}}) is a neighbourhood in [[Montreal]], [[Canada]], situated in the east end of the island, generally to the south of the city's [[Olympic Stadium (Montreal)|Olympic Stadium]] and east of downtown.

Historically a poor neighbourhood, it has experienced significant change and [[gentrification]] in recent years.<ref name="gentrification">{{cite news|title=Hochelaga-Maisonneuve residents rally against gentrification|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/4221320/hochelaga-maisonneuve-residents-gentrification/|publisher=[[Global News]]|location=Montreal|date=20 May 2018|access-date=26 November 2020}}</ref>

== History ==
===Early history===
Hochelaga was named after the [[St. Lawrence Iroquoians|Iroquois]] [[Hochelaga (village)|village of the same name]], first visited by explorer [[Jacques Cartier]] in 1534. The neighbourhood was at one time believed to be the location of the historic village, but modern [[historians]] and [[anthropologists]] have not reached agreement on the exact location.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=T3NQ1lsaHs0C&dq=The+Disappearance+of+the+St.+Lawrence+Iroquoians&pg=PA214 Bruce G. Trigger, "The Disappearance of the St. Lawrence Iroquoians"], in ''The Children of Aataenstic: A History of the Huron People to 1660'', vol. 2], Montreal and London: Mcgill-Queen's University Press, 1976, pp. 214-218, accessed 2 Feb 2010</ref> 
[[Image:Montréal Hochelaga-Maisonneuve.jpg|right|250px|thumb|Unpaved side streets, or ''[[:fr:Ruelle à Montréal|ruelles]]'', are a  common sight]]

Present-day Hochelaga was founded as a suburban village in 1863. Industry soon started moving in, including the Hudon and Sainte-Anne [[cotton mill]]s and in 1876 the terminal and railway shops of the [[Quebec, Montreal, Ottawa and Occidental Railway]].<ref name="memorable">{{cite web |url=http://www.memorablemontreal.com/accessibleQA/en/histoire.php?quartier=7 |title = Héritage Montréal}}</ref>

In December 1883, Hochelaga was annexed to the city of [[Montreal]] against the demands of some of its landowners to the east. In response, they separated their territory to found the village of Maisonneuve.

Maisonneuve grew rapidly between 1896 and 1915 and became of one Canada's largest industrial suburbs, marketed as a model industrial city and the ''[[Pittsburgh]] of Canada'' during the first two decades of the 20th century. These factories hired many workers, including immigrants and people from the surrounding countryside. They worked in the [[Shoemaking|shoe]], [[Textile manufacturing|textile]], [[Tanning (leather)|tanning]], [[slaughterhouse]], tobacco, food, and [[shipbuilding]] industries.

In 1918, $18 million in debt, Maisonneuve was forced to annex to Montreal, consolidated the neighbourhood as Hochelaga-Maisonneuve.<ref name="memorable" />

The [[Montreal Botanical Garden]] was opened in 1931.

=== Decline ===
The construction of major transportation infrastructures such as Highway 25 in 1967, required the demolition of some 2,000 homes and institutional buildings. These changes, combined with the movement of capital and production to [[Toronto]], hurt the neighbourhood's economy and vitality. Many factories left the area, along with numerous residents.

In 1976 the [[Olympic Stadium (Montreal)|Olympic Stadium]] was opened, in time for the [[Montreal Summer Olympics|Summer Olympics]].
[[File:Promenade Ontario.jpg|thumb|''Promenade Ontario'' shopping area (developed ''c.''{{tsp}}2020), corner [[Pie-IX Boulevard|Pie IX]] and [[Ontario Street (Montreal)|Ontario]]]]
Beginning in the 1980s, factories started shutting down at an alarming rate, leaving the neighborhood ridden with poverty and a high concentration of [[welfare spending|welfare]], especially in Hochelaga. This has led to a population exodus, relatively high crime rates, and a generally unfavorable view of the area.<ref>''Portrait du Territoire, L'Arrondissement Mercier/Hochelaga-Maisonneuve''. [[United Way of Canada|Centreaide du Grand Montréal]], Service d'analyse et d'allocation sociale. Octobre 2003</ref>

The district became particularly notorious for [[prostitution]], a contentious issue for many years.<ref>{{cite news|title=Police issue warnings to Hochelaga-Maisonneuve sex workers|url=https://montreal.ctvnews.ca/police-issue-warnings-to-hochelaga-maisonneuve-sex-workers-1.533486|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406213719/https://montreal.ctvnews.ca/police-issue-warnings-to-hochelaga-maisonneuve-sex-workers-1.533486|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 6, 2023|publisher=[[CTV News]]|location=Montreal|date=17 July 2010|access-date=9 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Steve|last=Caron|title=Prostitution : une zone de tolérance dans Hochelaga-Maisonneuve?
|url=https://journalmetro.com/local/hochelaga-maisonneuve/633467/prostitution-une-zone-de-tolerance-dans-hochelaga-maisonneuve/|publisher=Journal Métro|location=Montreal|date=14 June 2012|access-date=4 December 2020|language=French}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Ewan|last=Sauves|title=Hochelaga-Maisonneuve: des appartements pour les prostituées dès 2013|url=https://www.lapresse.ca/actualites/grand-montreal/201210/21/01-4585520-hochelaga-maisonneuve-des-appartements-pour-les-prostituees-des-2013.php|publisher=[[La Presse (Canadian newspaper)|La Presse]]|location=Montreal|date=21 October 2012|access-date=4 December 2020|language=French}}</ref><ref name="quartier malade">{{cite news|first=Dominique|last=Forget|title=Mon quartier me rend malade|url=https://lactualite.com/sante-et-science/mon-quartier-me-rend-malade/|publisher=[[L'Actualité]]|location=Montreal|date=8 May 2013|access-date=22 November 2020|language=French}}</ref><ref name="piquerie">{{cite news|title=Une piquerie d'Hochelaga exaspère les voisins|url=https://www.journaldemontreal.com/2020/07/24/une-piquerie-dhochelaga-exaspere-les-voisins|publisher=[[Journal de Montréal]]|location=Montreal|date=24 July 2020|access-date=26 November 2020|language=French}}</ref>

During the [[Quebec Biker War]], the [[Hells Angels]] had their clubhouse in Hochelaga-Maisonneuve, which worsened its reputation for criminality.

In the most notorious incident of the ''guerre des motards'', on 9 August 1995, a drug dealer was killed by a [[Pipe bomb|bomb]] planted in his jeep while the shrapnel badly injured an 11-year boy, [[:fr:Daniel Desrochers|Daniel Desrochers]], who died of his wounds four days later.<ref>{{cite news|title=Un décès qui a marqué un tournant dans notre histoire|url=https://www.journaldemontreal.com/2020/08/09/un-deces-qui-a-marque-un-tournant-dans-notre-histoire|publisher=[[Journal de Montréal]]|location=Montreal|date=9 August 2020|access-date=26 November 2020|language=French}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Quebec biker war's innocent victims: 'I never thought it would happen to my son'|url=https://montrealgazette.com/news/quebec-biker-wars-innocent-victims-i-never-thought-it-would-happen-to-my-son|publisher=[[Montreal Gazette]]|location=Montreal|date=13 July 2019|access-date=26 November 2020}}</ref>

=== Present day ===
The 2010s were marked by increased [[gentrification]], the arrival of students and professionals, and [[Condominium (living space)|condo]] development leading to protests and some cases of vandalism of commerce.<ref name="gentrification" /><ref>{{cite news|title=État des lieux de la gentrification dans Hochelaga-Maisonneuve|url=https://www.ledevoir.com/opinion/libre-opinion/498001/la-gentrification-dans-hochelaga-maisonneuve-etat-des-lieux|publisher=[[Le Devoir]]|location=Montreal|date=5 May 2017|access-date=26 November 2020|language=French}}</ref> Notable areas that developed include the ''Promenade Ontario'' [[shopping street]]<ref name="promenade">{{cite news|title=La rue Ontario sera piétonne cet été|url=https://journalmetro.com/local/hochelaga-maisonneuve/2476774/rue-ontario/|publisher=Journal Métro|location=Montreal|date=22 June 2020|access-date=10 December 2020}}</ref> and the ''Place Simon Valois'' revitalized in 2017.<ref name="simon valois" />

Despite this, areas continue to struggle with poverty, prostitution and drug trafficking, particularly in the south-western corner of Hochelaga on [[Saint Catherine Street|Rue Sainte-Catherine Est]].<ref name="piquerie" /><ref name="quartier malade" />

In summer 2020, in the same area, a significant number
of [[Homelessness|homeless people]] began camping along [[Rue Notre-Dame]], creating something akin to a [[tent city]]. This was attributed in part to the ongoing [[Affordable housing|housing crisis]] in Montreal, significantly heightened by unemployment due to the Covid-19 pandemic, as well as overcrowding of existing shelters.<ref>{{cite news|title='We feel bad enough that we live like this': Montreal's tent city expands into dozens|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/montreal/article/we-feel-bad-enough-that-we-live-like-this-montreals-tent-city-expands-into-dozens/|publisher=[[CTV News]]|location=Montreal|date=14 August 2020|access-date=21 December 2020}}</ref>

In December 2020, the camp was shut down by [[Service de police de la Ville de Montréal|the police]], following a fire a few days earlier and hygiene concerns. This occurred despite promises from [[Valérie Plante|the mayor]] that they would not be forcibly relocated.<ref>{{cite news|title=Police, fire department begin shutdown of Montreal's tent city for homeless|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/montreal/article/police-fire-department-begin-shutdown-of-montreals-tent-city-for-homeless/|publisher=[[CTV News]]|location=Montreal|date=6 December 2020|access-date=21 December 2020}}</ref>

However, by the summer of 2022, many of the occupants had gradually returned, and were again removed by the SPVM in June, leading to an outcry from homeless advocates and certain [[Ensemble Montréal|opposition politicians]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Un campement de personnes sans-abri démantelé à Montréal|url=https://www.tvanouvelles.ca/2022/06/13/un-campement-de-personnes-sans-abri-demantele-a-montreal|publisher=[[TVA Nouvelles]]|location=[[Montreal]]|date=13 June 2022|access-date=12 July 2022}}</ref>

== Features ==
A notable attraction is the [[Olympic Stadium (Montreal)|Olympic Park]], which contains the [[Olympic Stadium (Montreal)|Stadium, Olympic Tower]], [[Stade Saputo|Saputo Stadium]], [[Montreal Biodome|Biodome]], [[Olympic Pool (Montreal)|Olympic Pool]] and [[Aréna Maurice-Richard|Maurice Richard Arena]]. The Biodome was renovated between 2018 and 2020. It reopened to the public on August 31, 2020.

Part of [[Parc Maisonneuve]] is in the neighbourhood, as is the [[Maisonneuve Market|Marché Maisonneuve]], one of the city's largest public markets.

Recent features to develop include ''Promenade Ontario'', a [[shopping street]] that becomes pedestrian in the summer to host [[street fair]]s and [[street performers]].<ref name="promenade" />

The revitalized ''Place Simon Valois'', a [[public square]] on the corner of Ontario and Valois, is home to a variety of new commerces and attractions as well.<ref name="simon valois">{{cite news|title=La piétonnisation de la place Simon-Valois décalée en 2018|url=https://journalmetro.com/local/hochelaga-maisonneuve/1146114/la-pietonnisation-de-la-place-simon-valois-decalee-en-2018/|publisher=Journal Métro|location=Montreal|date=29 May 2017|access-date=7 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Le droit au quartier|url=https://www.actualites.uqam.ca/2018/droit-au-quartier-contrer-gentrification|publisher=[[Université du Québec à Montréal|Actualités UQAM]]|location=Montreal|date=11 December 2018|access-date=10 December 2020}}</ref>

The borough operates the Hochelaga and Maisonneuve libraries.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://montreal.ca/lieux/bibliotheque-hochelaga |title = Bibliothèque Hochelaga| date=23 February 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://montreal.ca/lieux/bibliotheque-maisonneuve |title = Bibliothèque Maisonneuve | date=7 June 2025 }}</ref>
[[File:Bibliothèque Maisonneuve02.JPG|thumb|Maisonneuve library]]

== Geography ==
A part of the [[Montreal borough|borough]] of [[Mercier–Hochelaga-Maisonneuve]], its borders are roughly the [[Canadian Pacific Railway|CP]] rail line west of Rue Moreau to the west, Rue Sherbrooke to the north, the train tracks east of Rue Viau to the east, and the [[Saint Lawrence River]] to the south.

[[Boulevard Pie-IX]] is the traditional dividing point between Hochelaga and Maisonneuve.

It is bordered by [[Ville-Marie, Montreal|Ville-Marie]] ([[Centre-Sud]]) to the west, [[Rosemont–La Petite-Patrie]] to the north, and [[Mercier, Montreal|Mercier]] to the east.

Its main commercial arteries running east to west are [[Saint Catherine Street|Rue Sainte-Catherine Est]], [[Ontario Street (Montreal)|Rue Ontario]], [[:fr:Rue Hochelaga|Rue Hochelaga]] and Avenue Pierre de Coubertin.

[[Image:Marché Maisonneuve.jpg|thumb|right|The Marché Maisonneuve]]

== Transportation ==
Hochelaga-Maisonneuve is served by the [[Préfontaine station|Préfontaine]], [[Joliette station (Montreal Metro)|Joliette]], [[Pie-IX station|Pie-IX]] and [[Viau station|Viau]] stations on the [[Green Line (Montreal Metro)|Green Line]].

The following [[Société de transport de Montréal|STM]] bus routes transit through the neighbourhood;
{|class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible autocollapse"  
|-
!style="background: #{{rcr|STM}}; font-size:100%; color:#FFFFFF;" colspan=4|{{colored link|#FFFFFF|Société de transport de Montréal|noinvert=yes}}
|-
! No.
! Route Name
|-
|{{rint|montreal|bus|34}}
|Sainte-Catherine
|-
|{{rint|montreal|bus|85}}
|Hochelaga
|-
|{{rint|montreal|bus|125}}
|Ontario
|-
|{{rint|montreal|bus|rush-hour high-frequency|136}}
|Viau
|-
|{{rint|montreal|bus|139}}
|Pie-IX
|-
|{{rint|montreal|bus|night|355}}
|Pie-IX
|-
|{{rint|montreal|bus|night|362}}
|Hochelaga/Notre-Dame
|-
|{{rint|montreal|bus|all-day high-frequency|439}}
|Express Pie-IX
|-
|}

==Popular culture==
Hochelaga-Maisonneuve is prominently featured in Québécois culture and media.

Notable songs about the neighbourhood include ''Voyou by [[Les Cowboys Fringants]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Voyou |website=[[YouTube]] |date=18 November 2017 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Ql1LkBCpfk |access-date=2024-02-14 |language=en}} {{dead link|date=July 2025 |fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>'' ''Hochelaga'' by [[:fr:Alexandre Poulin|Alexandre Poulin]]<ref>{{Citation |title=Alexandre Poulin - Hochelaga (Vidéoclip officiel) | date=21 January 2015 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jSH6_Qhz3bc |access-date=2024-02-14 |language=en}}</ref> 
as well as ''La question à 100 piasses''<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QsIRzOwzrmg ''La Question a 100 Piasses'' by Bernard Adamus (2010)</ref> and ''Rue Ontario''<ref>{{Citation |title=Rue Ontario (MHMHMH) (feat. Bernard Adamus) | date=24 January 2011 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AmhskszxZF4 |access-date=2024-02-14 |language=en}}</ref> by [[Bernard Adamus]].

The film ''[[Hochelaga (film)|Hochelaga]]'' directed by [[Michel Jetté]] and the documentary ''[[East End Forever]]'' are also about the neighbourhood.

== Politics ==
Hochelaga-Maisonneuve is located in the federal riding of [[Hochelaga (electoral district)|Hochelaga]], and represented by [[House of Commons of Canada|MP]] [[Soraya Martinez Ferrada]] of the [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal Party]].

Provincially it's located in the [[Hochelaga-Maisonneuve (provincial electoral district)|riding of the same name]], and represented by [[National Assembly of Quebec|MNA]] [[Alexandre Leduc]] of [[Québec solidaire|Québec Solidaire]].

Municipally it's part of Hochelaga and  Maisonneuve–Longue-Pointe, represented by [[Éric Alan Caldwell]] and Laurence Lavigne-Lalonde of [[Projet Montréal]] at the [[Montreal City Council]].

== Notable people ==
* [[Pierre Falardeau]], film director, activist for [[Quebec independence]]<ref>{{Citation |title=Pierre Falardeau entrevue avec Guy Jodoin | date=6 October 2015 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-nS01aQ79M8 |access-date=2024-02-14 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Julien Poulin]], film director and actor<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.journaldemontreal.com/2012/01/21/-ca-a-clique-naturellement-| title = " Ça a cliqué naturellement... " {{!}} Le Journal de Montréal| date = 21 January 2012}}</ref>
* [[Bernard Adamus]], singer-songwriter<ref>{{cite web| url = https://exclaim.ca/music/article/bernard_adamus| title = Bernard Adamus {{!}} Exclaim!}}</ref> 
* Robert Guy Scully, journalist, English-rights activist
* [[Maurice Boucher]], outlaw biker, former [[Hells Angels]] president<ref>{{Cite web |last=Myles |first=Brian |date=2005-09-10 |title=Maurice Boucher, de petit délinquant à taulard |url=https://www.ledevoir.com/societe/90097/maurice-boucher-de-petit-delinquant-a-taulard |access-date=2024-02-14 |website=Le Devoir |language=fr}}</ref>

==Education==
The [[Commission scolaire de Montréal]] (CSDM) operates French-language public schools.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cssdm.gouv.qc.ca/trouver-une-ecole/ |title = Trouver une école - Centre de services scolaire de Montréal}}</ref>

=== Elementary ===
*''École Baril''
*''École Notre-Dame-de-L'Assomption''
*''École Maisonneuve''
*''École Saint-Clément''
*''École Saint-Jean-Baptiste-de-Lasalle''

=== High school ===
*''École Sécondaire Chomedey-De Maisonneuve''

=== Specialized ===
*''École des Métiers de la Construction de Montréal''
*''École pour Adultes Centre Hochelaga-Maisonneuve''
*''École Eulalie-Durocher'' (for [[Intellectual disability|intellectually disabled]])

The [[English Montreal School Board]] (EMSB) operates English-language schools.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.emsb.qc.ca/emsb/schools/elementary/school-search |title = Elementary School Search}}</ref>

==== Elementary ====
* ''Edward Murphy Elementary School'' (in nearby [[Mercier, Montreal|Mercier]])

==== High school ====
(for high school, students must go to nearby [[Vincent Massey Collegiate (Montreal)|Vincent Massey Collegiate]] in [[Rosemont–La Petite-Patrie|Rosemont]] or [[F.A.C.E. School]] downtown)

==See also==
* [[Centre-Sud]], nearby neighbourhood with similar background and history
* [[Hochelaga (electoral district)|Hochelaga]], federal electoral district
* [[Hochelaga-Maisonneuve (provincial electoral district)|Hochelaga-Maisonneuve]], provincial electoral district

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Collier's poster|Maisonneuve}}
*{{Wikivoyage inline|Montreal/Hochelaga-Maisonneuve|Hochelaga-Maisonneuve}}

{{Geographic Location (8-way)
 | Centre    = Hochelaga-Maisonneuve
 | North     = [[Image:Flag of Montreal.svg|25px]] [[Rosemont–La Petite-Patrie|Rosemont]] ([[Montreal]]) 
 | Northeast = [[Image:Flag of Montreal.svg|25px]] [[Anjou, Quebec|Anjou]] ([[Montreal]])
 | East      = [[Image:Flag of Montreal.svg|25px]] [[Mercier, Montreal|Mercier]] 
 | Southeast = 
 | South     = ''[[Saint Lawrence River]]''
 | Southwest =    
 | West      = [[Image:Flag of Montreal.svg|25px]] [[Centre-Sud]]  ([[Montreal]]) 
 | Northwest = [[Image:Flag of Montreal.svg|25px]] [[Le Plateau-Mont-Royal]] ([[Montreal]])}}
{{MontrealNeighbourhoods}}
{{Prostitution in Canada}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Montreal]]
[[Category:History of Montreal]]
[[Category:Mercier–Hochelaga-Maisonneuve]]
[[Category:Red-light districts in Canada]]
[[Category:Urban decay in Canada]]
[[Category:Poverty in Canada]]
[[Category:Gentrification in Canada]]