View source for Holmenkollbakken

{{Short description|Ski jumping hill in Oslo, Norway}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}}
{{Infobox ski jumping hill
| hill_name            = Holmenkollbakken
| nickname             = Kollen
| image                = [[File:Bakken2.jpg|250px]]
| caption              =
| location             = [[Holmenkollen]], [[Oslo]]
| city                 = 
| country              = [[Norway]]
| coordinates          = {{Coord|59|57|50|N|10|40|04|E|region:NO_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| opened               = 30 January 1892
| renovated            = 1894, 1904, 1907, 1910, 1914, 1928, 1931, 1940, 1945, 1952, 1966, 1977, 1982, 1992, 2010
| expanded             =
| closed               =
| demolished           =
| size                 =
| k-spot               = K-120
| hill size            = HS 134
| hill record          = 144 m (479 ft)<br>{{flagicon|NOR}}[[Robert Johansson]]
| capacity             = 30.000
| championships        =
| olympics             = [[1952 Winter Olympics|1952]]
| world championships  = [[1930 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships|1930]], [[1966 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships|1966]], [[1982 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships|1982]], [[2011 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships|2011]]
| world cup            = 1980, 1981, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, ''2016''
}}
'''Holmenkollbakken''' is a large [[ski jumping hill]] located at [[Holmenkollen]] in [[Oslo]], [[Norway]]. It has a [[hill size]] of HS134, a [[construction point]] of K-120, and a capacity for 70,000 spectators. Holmenkollen has hosted the [[Holmenkollen Ski Festival]] since 1892, which since 1980 have been part of the [[FIS Ski Jumping World Cup]] and 1983 the [[FIS Nordic Combined World Cup]]. It has also hosted the [[1952 Winter Olympics]] and the [[FIS Nordic World Ski Championships]] in [[1930 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships|1930]], [[1966 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships|1966]], [[1982 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships|1982]] and [[2011 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships|2011]].

The hill has been rebuilt 19 times; important upgrades include a stone take-off in 1910, an in-run superstructure in 1914, and a new superstructure in 1928. During the Second World War, the venue was used as a military installation, but upgraded in the late 1940s. Further expansions were made ahead of the 1966 and 1982 World Championships, as well as in 1991. Between 2008 and 2010, the entire structure was demolished and rebuilt. The hill record is held by [[Robert Johansson]] at 144.0 meters. The hill is part of [[Holmenkollen National Arena]], which in addition to [[cross-country skiing (sport)|cross-country]] and [[biathlon]] venues has the normal hill [[Midtstubakken]].

==History==
[[File:Holmenkollbakken 1904.jpg|thumb|left|Holmenkollbakken in 1904, after the stone take-off had been built]]
[[File:Holmenkollen-Tafel.jpg|thumb|Growth of the Holmenkollbakken]]

===Original hill===

The first major skiing competition in Oslo was [[Husebyrennet]], which was held in [[Husebybakken]] in [[Ullern]] from 1879 until 1891.<ref>{{harvnb|Vaage|Kristensen|1992|p=23}}</ref> In 1887, the road to Holmenkollen was opened, although it was at the time only used for recreation, as there was no housing in the area. [[I. C. L. Holm]] saw the potential to develop the area into a recreational centre, and established Peisestuen in 1886, Holmenkollen Sportsstue in 1891, [[Holmenkollen Park Hotel Rica|Holmenkollen Sanatorium og Turisthotell in 1894]], and [[Voksenkollen Sanatorium]] in 1900.<ref>{{harvnb|Vaage|Kristensen|1992|p=24}}</ref> In 1890, Husebyrennet had to be canceled due to lack of snow, and instead the tournament was held at Ullbakken at [[Frognerseteren]]. Because of the distance, the tournament was held on a Sunday; this caused some criticism, and to compensate it was decided not to collect entrance fees. The following year, the final event was held in Husebybakken.<ref name=v25>{{harvnb|Vaage|Kristensen|1992|p=25}}</ref>

Following the 1891 season, the lease with the land owner for Husebybakken needed to be renegotiated. Several times the venues had had too little snow and [[Fritz Huitfeldt]] and [[Hans Hagerup Krag|Hans Krag]] proposed building a new hill at Besserudmyra. After half a year of planning, the general assembly of the [[Association for the Promotion of Skiing]] approved the move in late 1891.<ref name=v25 /> To create sufficient water supply for the hotels, a dam had been built and this created Besserudtjernet, a small lake, at the bottom of the hill. It would cover with ice during the winter.<ref name=v47>{{harvnb|Vaage|Kristensen|1992|p=47}}</ref> Construction was simple: a few trees had to be chopped down and when the snow came, branches were laid where the jump was to be.<ref name=v31>{{harvnb|Vaage|Kristensen|1992|p=31}}</ref> The first competition was held on 30 January 1892, and was spectated by between fifteen and twenty thousand people,<ref>{{harvnb|Vaage|Kristensen|1992|p=27}}</ref> who saw jumpers reach 15 to 21.5&nbsp;meters.<ref>{{harvnb|Vaage|Kristensen|1992|p=28}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Vaage|Kristensen|1992|p=29}}</ref>

[[File:Holmenkollbakken 1917.jpg|thumb|Holmenkollbakken in 1917, after the first scaffold had been erected]]
The original hill had a knoll just after the take-off, which gave the psychological feeling of falling and made landing more difficult. It was therefore decided to change the profile slightly to make the hill safer and allow more jumpers to land properly. No standard profiles existed at the time, so the Association for the Promotion of Skiing had to do guesswork to create a better profile. The new profile was taken into use from 1894 and had cost NOK&nbsp;2000. For the first decade, the take-off was rebuilt for every year, and its position would therefore vary. In 1904, the take-off was rebuilt with rocks, giving it a specific location on the hill. Prior to the 1907 season, landing slope was built down slightly into the terrain down from the 25&nbsp;meter mark, as it would give easier landing. The take-off was moved in 1910 and built as a {{convert|2|m|sp=us|adj=on}} tall stone structure.<ref name=v31 /> To keep the lake with a hard layer of ice, the snow was removed as it fell; if the ice was not thick enough it could create problems with flooding the spectator areas during the events.<ref name=v47 /> From 1913, the lake was opened as a [[Ice rink|skating rink]] and marketed by the hotels as part of their services.<ref>{{harvnb|Vaage|Kristensen|1992|p=49}}</ref> However, it was never a success, and was abandoned within a few years.<ref>{{harvnb|Vaage|Kristensen|1992|p=50}}</ref>

During the 1910s it had become common in the United States to build jumps with a [[scaffold]] [[superstructure]] for the in-run, and this had been described as an abomination in the Norwegian press. Prior to the 1914 season, a {{convert|10|m|sp=us|adj=on}} tall steel superstructure was built.<ref name=v31 /> This resulted in massive negative reactions in the press, and it was the public's opinion that ski jumping was to be done in natural hills. The same year, two other major Norwegian hills received similar structures, [[Nydalsbakken]] and [[Solbergbakken]]. The first trials were made on 15 January, giving jumps 34&nbsp;meters. This was regarded as the furthest anyone would jump.<ref>{{harvnb|Vaage|Kristensen|1992|p=35}}</ref> The hill was subsequently expanded slightly a few times afterwards, including blasting it steeper, chopping it wider, and covering the landing slope with earth and sowing grass to improve the profile.<ref name=v36>{{harvnb|Vaage|Kristensen|1992|p=36}}</ref>

[[File:Holmenkollbakken 1934.jpg|thumb|left|In-run in 1934, after the second scaffold had been erected]]

===Olympic hill===
The day after the race in 1927, the superstructure collapsed, caused by rot in combination with a heavy snowfall. This caused the introduction of public control with scaffolding and [[bleacher]]s in Norway. By then, Holmenkollbakken was lagging behind internationally, and the world record at the time had exceeded 60&nbsp;meters. It was therefore decided that a new superstructure would be {{convert|19|m|sp=us}} tall and moved {{convert|9|m|sp=us}} further back.<ref name=v36 /> Besserudtjernet was partially drained in 1928, but the hotels, which received their water from the lake, would not allow draining the following years.<ref>{{harvnb|Vaage|Kristensen|1992|p=51}}</ref> In 1931, the lake was fully drained, which allowed the out-run to be longer.<ref name=v36 /> In the 1930s, talk of an 80-meter hill started, which would potentially be built in [[Rødkleiva]], further out in Nordmarka. The Association for the Promotion of Skiing made a formal investigation into the matter in 1937.<ref>{{harvnb|Vaage|Kristensen|1992|p=37}}</ref> There was agreement that the venue was becoming too small for international competitions.<ref name=v38>{{harvnb|Vaage|Kristensen|1992|p=38}}</ref>

Following the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1940 being awarded to Oslo, the Association for the Promotion of Skiing decided to build a larger in-run. Construction started in 1938 and consisted of a {{convert|40|m|sp=us|adj=on}} tall in-run tower. The take-off was moved {{convert|12|m|sp=us}} further back and {{convert|6|m|sp=us}} higher. The new structure was inaugurated in 1940, although the World Championships were canceled due to the [[Second World War]]. The venue was subsequently left unused for five years during the [[German occupation of Norway]]. German forces used the hill as a site for anti-aircraft artillery and the in-run was painted green. In 1945, the venue received a new upgrade, this time with new grandstands and a larger profile.<ref name=v38 />

[[File:Holmenkollbakken 1952.jpg|thumb|The hill in 1952, one week after the [[1952 Winter Olympics]] had been held there]]
In 1948, Oslo was awarded to host the [[1952 Winter Olympics]]. This caused a bonanza of plans, one superseding the other.<ref name=v38 /> Until then, the grandstand on the sides of the hill had been temporary; prior to the Olympics these were rebuilt as permanent.<ref name=v120>{{harvnb|Vaage|Kristensen|1992|p=120}}</ref> A new grandstand was built, a jury tower was constructed, as was facilities for the delegates, the royal family and radio broadcasting.<ref name=v38 /> The in-run was rebuilt; while it previously had been a mess of open, wooden structures, it was shelled in, painted white and received an elevator.<ref name=v39>{{harvnb|Vaage|Kristensen|1992|p=39}}</ref> The hill had to be expanded, and to allow this, the landing slope needed to be lifted by being built as an artificial structure. Below the lifted part of the hill was built a three-story building, with the ski museum in the lower two floors and a restaurant in the top floor.<ref name=v120 /> The lake was dug {{convert|6|m|sp=us}} deep and made a swimming pool during the summer. The upgrades cost NOK&nbsp;1.5 million, paid for by Oslo Municipality.<ref name=v39 /> These upgrades resulted in an artificial lake being constructed in the off-run, which became a recreational and swimming venue for the city's residents. The lake was at the time {{convert|3|m|sp=us}} deep and had a typical temperature of {{convert|10|C}}.<ref name=v52>{{harvnb|Vaage|Kristensen|1992|p=52}}</ref> Oslo had a [[Oslo bid for the 1968 Winter Olympics|failed bid]] for the [[1968 Winter Olympics]].<ref name=olbid>{{cite web |url=http://www.byarkivet.oslo.kommune.no/article71283-961.html |title=Oslos thtre OL-søknader |author=Oslo City Archives |date=7 September 2006 |language=no |access-date=1 March 2011 |archive-date=22 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722123545/http://www.byarkivet.oslo.kommune.no/article71283-961.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Following Oslo's decision to bid for the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1966, it became evident that more upgrades would be needed to meet the [[International Ski Federation]]'s requirements. To allow for longer jumps, the take-off needed to be moved {{convert|10|m|sp=us}} back, and the lake dug deeper, with new concrete stands being built into the sides. Combined with the tower being built taller, this gave a {{convert|56|m|sp=us|adj=on}} height difference between the start and the off-run, allowing for the desired lengths. The championships were the first to use computer to calculate the scores, but communication still used wired telephones, as had been used during the Olympics. The [[public announcement]] and [[scoreboard]] systems remained manual.<ref name=v39 />

[[File:Oslo Holenkollen 1975.jpg|thumb|The hill during the summer of 1975]]
By 1971, the Association for the Promotion of Skiing was no longer making much money off the Ski Festival, and they started discussing rebuilding the entire complex.  [[Rolf Ramm Østgaard]] made a proposal which would include a twin hill, with both a normal and large hill. Again the proposal of building the large hill at Rødkleiva was launched. The arguments for keeping the hill at Holmenkollen was that it would allow for a close connection between the ski jumping and cross-country skiing events. However, Holmenkollen, because it was built with a superstructure, was plagued with wind. Experience from among other things [[Salpausselkä skiing stadium|Salpausselkä]] in [[Lahti]], Finland, showed that this could be partially combated by building the jump into the hill. No immediate solution was found, and maintenance of the old structure continued.<ref name=v39 /> Lighting which allowed the venue to be seen from the city during night was installed in 1977. The main problem was the elevator, which was eventually replaced in 1978.<ref name=v42>{{harvnb|Vaage|Kristensen|1992|p=42}}</ref> During the 1970s, a stage was built in the lake, which allowed concerts, plays and other entertainment events to take place.<ref name=v53>{{harvnb|Vaage|Kristensen|1992|p=53}}</ref> Oslo City Council considered bidding for the [[1980 Winter Olympics]] during the 1970s, but it was found that it would not be a suitable investment.<ref name=olbid />

In 1979, Oslo was awarded the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1982, and further upgrades to the hill were necessary. The costs of the upgrades were NOK&nbsp;50 million, of which the Norwegian Ski Federation paid NOK&nbsp;5 million, and Oslo Municipality and the state split the rest.<ref name=v42 /> The large expenditures resulted in a public debate.<ref name=v43>{{harvnb|Vaage|Kristensen|1992|p=43}}</ref> The upgrades saw the introduction of electronics into most parts of the venue. The old system of manual distance measurement by people standing beside the hill was abolished, and replaced by the video-based system Robotron. Other new installations was an electronic result and scoreboard system, a new time-keeping and speed system, and a new central system to calculate scores.<ref name=v42 /> The in-run was expanded, and a mobile start platform was installed, but later removed and replaced by a bar. The knoll and landing slope were adjusted, and the straight section was moved {{convert|10|m|sp=us}} further down. In the transition to the out-run, {{convert|130000|m3|sp=us}} of earthwork was blasted away, and Besserudtjernet was sunk another {{convert|7|m|sp=us}}. This allowed for additional grandstands to be built and the last wooden grandstands were removed. New structures were built for delegates, broadcasting and the jury.<ref name=v44>{{harvnb|Vaage|Kristensen|1992|p=44}}</ref>

[[File:Holmenkollen ski jump.jpg|thumb|left|The in-run in 2007]]
The Robotron system was found to be unreliable, and was taken out of use in 1986.<ref name=v44 /> In 1990, a [[porcelain]] track was laid in the in-run.<ref name=v45>{{harvnb|Vaage|Kristensen|1992|p=45}}</ref> An aluminum stage was also built across the off-run, which could be used for concerts during the summer.<ref name="v53"/> In 1992, the hill was further expanded by digging down another {{convert|3.5|m|sp=us}}. This increased the K-point from 105 to 110. From 1992, the venue used a system of video still images to determine the length.<ref name=v45 /> Following the decision to upgrade the hill in 1991, [[Kollenhopp]] was established. A cooperation between the ski jumping clubs in [[Eastern Norway]], it was to create more jumping activity in Holmenkollbakken, similar to the success of [[Trønderhopp]].<ref>{{harvnb|Thoresen|2007|p=223}}</ref> From 1992, the hill received [[Floodlights (sport)|floodlighting]], allowing events to be scheduled into the evening, and the organizers able to move events to the evening, if wind conditions were not good during the day.<ref name=v42 />

===New hill===
In 2002, the Association for the Promotion of Skiing and the city started the process of applying for the [[FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2009]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Kommunen sier ja til Kollen-reprise |last=Kirkebøen |first=Stein Erik|date=9 October 2002 |page=33 |work=[[Aftenposten]]}}</ref> The city council decided to grant NOK&nbsp;52.8 million to upgrade Holmenkollen, including Holmenkollbakken, for the 2009 World Championships.<ref name=vl>{{cite web |title=Gratulerer, trøndere, Osloborgere betaler: Budsjettsprekk, stor bakke |work=[[Vårt Land (Norwegian newspaper)|Vårt Land]] |date=19 February 2011 |page=24 |language=no }}</ref> Oslo lost the vote in the [[International Ski Federation]] (FIS) against [[Liberec]], Czech Republic, on 4 June 2004. The Norwegian Ski Federation subsequently stated that they would apply for the 2011 World Championships.<ref>{{cite news |title=Kollen søker VM i 2011 |last=Hole |first=Arne |date=4 June 2004 |page=30 |work=[[Aftenposten Aften]]}}</ref> The Association for the Promotion of Skiing stated that they wanted a new hill in Rødkleiva instead of expanding the existing [[ski flying]] hill in [[Vikersund]], [[Vikersundbakken]]. Holmenkollbakken would then be used for the last time as a large hill during the 2011 World Championships, and would then converted to a normal hill.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/sport/article948003.ece |title=Vil flytte Kollen-brølet |last=Kirkebøen |first=Stein Erik |work=[[Aftenposten]] |date=14 January 2005 |language=no |access-date=23 February 2011 |archive-date=28 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628213314/http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/sport/article948003.ece |url-status=dead }}</ref> In May 2005, the general assembly of the Norwegian Ski Federation voted to build a new ski flying and normal hill in Rødkleiva ahead of the 2011 World Championships.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nrk.no/sport/hopp/1.1189171 |title=Skitinget valgte Rødkleiva |work=[[Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation]] |date=28 May 2005 |language=no |access-date=23 February 2011 |archive-date=28 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628203028/http://www.nrk.no/sport/hopp/1.1189171 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Following Vikersundbakken being awarded the [[FIS Ski-Flying World Championships 2012]] in 2008, the general assembly of the Norwegian Ski Federation that year decided to terminate the plans for a ski flying hill in Rødkleiva.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nrk.no/sport/hopp/1.5921403 |title=Vikersund fortsatt nasjonalanlegg |work=[[Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation]] |date=7 June 2008 |language=no |access-date=23 February 2011 |archive-date=28 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628203028/http://www.nrk.no/sport/hopp/1.1189171 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

On 22 September 2005, FIS stated that an all-new Holmenkollbakken would have to be built if Oslo was to host the World Championships and World Cup tournaments. FIS stated that similar reconstructions had been done with [[Schattenbergschanze]] in [[Oberstdorf]], Germany, and [[Bergiselschanze]] in [[Innsbruck]], Austria.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dt.no/sport/holmenkollbakken-gatt-ut-pa-dato-1.3221593 |title=Holmenkollbakken gått ut på dato |work=[[Drammens Tidende]] |date=22 September 2005 |language=no |access-date=3 March 2011 |archive-date=28 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628203028/http://www.nrk.no/sport/hopp/1.1189171 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In December 2005, the [[Norwegian Directorate for Cultural Heritage]] gave permission for the tower to be demolished, on the condition it was replaced by a new in-run with a similar architectural quality and retain its function as a landmark. They stated that it was the activity itself that is worthy of preservation, not the structure itself.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dagbladet.no/sport/2005/12/29/453343.html |title=Full jubel for Kollen-riving |last=Skjellum |first=Hanne |work=[[Dagbladet]] |date=29 December 2005 |language=no |access-date=3 March 2011 |archive-date=28 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628203028/http://www.nrk.no/sport/hopp/1.1189171 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The city council made the final decision to apply for the World Championships and build a new hill on 1 March 2006. A new hill was at the time estimated to cost NOK&nbsp;310 million, and the state was willing to finance NOK&nbsp;70 million of those.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dagbladet.no/sport/2006/03/01/459394.html |title=Uavklart om Holmenkoll-bakke |last=Gulseth |first=Hege Løvdal |work=[[Dagbladet]] |date=1 March 2006 |language=no |access-date=3 March 2011 |archive-date=29 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629141151/http://www.dagbladet.no/sport/2006/03/01/459394.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Oslo was awarded the 2011 World Championships in May 2006.<ref>{{cite news |title=Kollen kan rives til VM |work=[[Adresseavisen]] |date=26 May 2006 |page=28 |language=no}}</ref>
[[File:Holmenkollbakken under construction aerial 2.jpg|thumb|190px|The new hill during construction; ski stadium is in foreground]]

The municipality issued an [[architectural design competition]] to rebuild the hill; [[Julien De Smedt]] and Florian Kosche's proposal was selected among 104 entrants.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tu.no/bygg/article110444.ece |title=Her er nye Holmenkollen |work=[[Teknisk Ukeblad]] |date=4 September 2007 |language=no |access-date=23 February 2011 |archive-date=24 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724185135/http://www.tu.no/bygg/article110444.ece |url-status=dead }}</ref> At the time, it was estimated that the new national arena would cost NOK&nbsp;653 million.<ref name=vl /> [[Demolition]] of Holmenkollbakken started on 16 October 2008.<ref>{{cite news |title=Kollen rives i det stille |agency=[[Norwegian News Agency]] |date=16 October 2008 |page=28 |language=no}}</ref> The World Cup tournament in 2009 was held at Vikersundbakken instead of Holmenkollen because of the reconstruction.{{Citation needed|date=March 2011}} By 2008, the cost had accelerated to NOK&nbsp;1.2 billion, and by the following year it had reached NOK&nbsp;1.8 billion. City Commissioner For Business and Culture, [[Anette Wiig Bryn]] of the [[Progress Party (Norway)|Progress Party]], had to leave her position because of the [[cost overrun]]s. A consultant report ordered by the municipality concluded that the pressure to find cost savings to stay within the budget, which was underestimated to start with, resulted in slower progress, which again resulted in higher costs.<ref name=vl />

The costs of the new large hill were NOK&nbsp;715 million, while total costs for the upgrade of the national arena and infrastructure ended at NOK&nbsp;2,426 million. This included the construction of a new ski stadium next to Holmenkollbakken, and Midtstubakken, and upgrades to the [[Holmenkollen Line]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://oslopuls.aftenposten.no/byliv/article502766.ece |title=Prislapp for VM: 2,4 milliarder |last=Hagesæter |first=Pål V. |work=[[Aftenposten]] |date=21 February 2011 |language=no |access-date=23 February 2011 |archive-date=24 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110224014955/http://oslopuls.aftenposten.no/byliv/article502766.ece |url-status=dead }}</ref> It was originally decided that the first jump would be taken by [[Anette Sagen]], Norway's leading female jumper, on 3 March 2010. However, the organizers decided that [[Bjørn Einar Romøren]] would be allowed to test-jump the venue the evening before. In the first ever jump in the new venue, Romøren jumped 110.0&nbsp;meters. The organizers stated that Sagen's jump the following day, which reached 106.5&nbsp;meters, was to be considered the official first jump.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://oslopuls.aftenposten.no/byliv/article502766.ece |title=– En helt nydelig hoppbakke |last=Andersen |first=Barbro |work=[[Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation]] |date=3 March 2010 |language=no |access-date=23 February 2011 |archive-date=8 March 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100308050816/http://nrk.no/nyheter/distrikt/nordland/1.7021603 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Romøren was subsequently suspended from the following World Cup round.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.skiforbundet.no/Nyheter/2010/mars2010/Sider/skistyretvedtak.aspx |title=Om førstehoppet i nye Holmenkollen |last=Herland |first=Claes-Tommy |publisher=[[Norwegian Ski Federation]] |date=16 March 2010 |language=no |access-date=23 February 2011 |archive-date=24 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724183656/http://www.skiforbundet.no/Nyheter/2010/mars2010/Sider/skistyretvedtak.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref>

On 1 January, [[2017–18 FIS Alpine Ski World Cup|2018]], Holmenkollen hosted [[alpine skiing]] for the first time when [[FIS Alpine Ski World Cup|World Cup]] [[parallel slalom]] events for men and women were held under the lights on a temporary {{convert|180|m|adj=on}} {{nowrap|19-gate}} course constructed inside the ski jumping arena, replacing a similar event previously held in [[Munich]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://eu.usatoday.com/story/sports/olympics/2018/01/01/mikaela-shiffrin-wins-parallel-slalom-city-event-oslo/994416001/ |title=Mikaela Shiffrin wins parallel slalom city event in Oslo |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=1 January 2018 |website=[[USA Today]]|access-date=1 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nrk.no/sport/alpinistane-tek-over-holmenkollen-_-nytt-verdscuprenn-til-noreg-1.13163153 |title=Alpinistane tek over Holmenkollen – nytt verdscuprenn til Noreg |last=Erikstein-Midtbø |first=Gjermund |last2=Barstein |first2=Tommy |date=4 October 2016 |website=[[NRK.no]] |language=no |trans-title=Alpine skiers take over Holmenkollen - new world cup races to Norway  |access-date=1 January 2019}}</ref> The races returned the [[2018–19 FIS Alpine Ski World Cup|next season]], also on [[New Year's Day]].

==Facilities==
[[File:Holmenkollbakken2.JPG|thumb|left|View from the old tower in summer; in the off-run is Besserudtjernet, with the stage visible opposite the in-run]]

The hill is part of [[Holmenkollen National Arena]], which also consists of a combined cross-country skiing and biathlon stadium, the normal hill Midtstubakken.<ref name=faktaark>{{cite web |url=http://www.holmenkollen.com/nor/content/download/477/2799/file/FaktaarkHolmenkollen.pdf |title=Faktaark om Holmenkollen |publisher=[[Association for the Promotion of Skiing]] |access-date=24 February 2011 |language=no |archive-date=12 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110712213831/http://www.holmenkollen.com/nor/content/download/477/2799/file/FaktaarkHolmenkollen.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Along with [[Granåsen]] in [[Trondheim]] and [[Lysgårdsbakken]] in [[Lillehammer]], Holmenkollen is one of three normal and large hill national arenas for ski jumping and Nordic skiing.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.regjeringen.no/nb/dep/kud/dok/regpubl/stmeld/19992000/stmeld-nr-14-1999-2000-/6/7.html?id=321270 |title=Nasjonalanlegg – anlegg for internasjonale mesterskap og konkurranser |date=19 December 1999 |author=Ministry of Culture |language=no |author-link=Ministry of Culture (Norway)}}</ref> The hill is the most popular tourist attraction in Norway, and has roughly one million visitors each year. Holmenkollbakken is co-located with [[Holmenkollen Ski Museum]], which presents the history of skiing. It has a simulator which allows the public to visualize a ski jump in the hill.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.dagbladet.no/2011/02/23/tema/vinterguiden/reise/norge/oslo/15532570/ |title=Drømmer du om å kjenne Kollensuget? |last=Buzzi |first=Kirsten M. |journal=[[Dagbladet]] |date=23 February 2011 |language=no |access-date=23 February 2011 |archive-date=25 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110225222106/http://www.dagbladet.no/2011/02/23/tema/vinterguiden/reise/norge/oslo/15532570/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The hill record is {{convert|139.5|m|0|sp=us}}, set by [[Anders Jacobsen (ski jumper)|Anders Jacobsen]] in 2011, and the women's record is {{convert|131.0|m|0|abbr=on}} set by [[Anette Sagen]] in 2006.{{Citation needed|date=March 2011}}

After the 1992 upgrades, the Olympic hill had a K-spot of {{convert|110|m|0|sp=us}} and the top of the in-run was {{convert|417|m|abbr=on}} [[above mean sea level]]. The tower was {{convert|42|m|abbr=on}} tall; the top of the in-run was located behind the tower and was {{convert|60|m|abbr=on}} above ground, and the in-run was {{convert|94|m|abbr=on}} in length. The landing slope was 37 degrees at the steepest and {{convert|115|m|abbr=on}} in length. The vertical height difference between the top of the in-run and the off-run was {{convert|121|m|sp=us}}.<ref>{{harvnb|Vaage|Kristensen|1992|p=301}}</ref>

[[File:Holmenkollbakken stadium.jpg|thumb|The amphitheater of the new hill]]
The new hill has a hill size of {{convert|134|m|sp=us}} and K-spot of {{convert|120|m|0|abbr=on}}. The steepest part of the landings slope is 35.7 degrees, which is {{convert|105.6|m|0|abbr=on}} from the take-off. The angle at the hill size point is 30.8 degrees, while the width of the landing slope is {{convert|25.2|m|abbr=on}}. The in-run, built of steel, is {{convert|96.95|m|0|sp=us}} long, which is 36 degrees at the steepest. The take-off is {{convert|3.0|m|abbr=on}} in height, and the height distance from take-off to the K-point is {{convert|59.1|m|0|abbr=on}}. The grandstands are made of steel and concrete, and include VIP facilities. It is the only hill in the world with a permanent wind screen built as part of the designed construction, and the only steel jump in the world. The hill is {{convert|375|m|abbr=on}} above <!--mean-->sea level; the venue is owned by [[Oslo Municipality]] and operated by the [[Association for the Promotion of Skiing]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://holmenkollen.com/eng/About-Holmenkollen/About-the-ski-jump |title=Alt om bakken |author=Association for the Promotion of Skiing |access-date=3 March 2011 |archive-date=9 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110309031103/http://www.holmenkollen.com/eng/About-Holmenkollen/About-the-ski-jump |url-status=dead |author-link=Association for the Promotion of Skiing }}</ref>

Transport is based on that no spectators will use private cars to the venue. Instead, all spectators must use the [[Holmenkollen Line]] of the [[Oslo Metro]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.akersposten.no/nyheter/malet-er-a-lage-en-knirkefri-folkefest-1.4759286 |title=Målet er å lage en knirkefri folkefest |work=[[Akersposten]] |date=18 April 2008 |last=Synstad |first=Alexander |language=no |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724174114/http://www.akersposten.no/nyheter/malet-er-a-lage-en-knirkefri-folkefest-1.4759286 |archive-date=24 July 2011 |access-date=6 December 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Holmenkollen (station)|Holmenkollen Station]] is located within walking distance of the large hill and cross-country stadium. Holmenkollen Station is the only one on the line with platforms long enough for six cars, which allows a capacity of 9,000 people per hour.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oslo2011.no/T-bane+med+tredoblet+kapasitet!.9UFRnMZt.ips |title=T-bane med tredobbel kapasitet! |work=[[Oslo 2011]] |language=no |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724182411/http://www.oslo2011.no/T-bane+med+tredoblet+kapasitet!.9UFRnMZt.ips |archive-date=24 July 2011 |access-date=6 December 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Events ==

=== Ladies ===
{|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="background:#fff; font-size:86%; line-height:15px; border:grey solid 1px; border-collapse:collapse;"
|- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;"
! style="background:#ccc;" width="130"|Date
! style="background:#ccc;" width="88" |Competition
! style="background:#ccc;" width="180"|Winner
! style="background:#ccc;" width="180"|Second
! style="background:#ccc;" width="180"|Third 
|-
| align=right|12 March 2000 &nbsp; || align=center|{{Abbr|HSF|Holmenkollen Ski Festival}} || {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Daniela Iraschko]] || {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Eva Ganster]] || {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Helena Olsson Smeby|Helena Olsson]]
|-
| align=right|11 March 2001 &nbsp; || align=center|HSF || {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Daniela Iraschko]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Henriette Smeby]] || {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Eva Ganster]]
|-
| align=right|17 March 2002 &nbsp; || align=center|HSF || {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Helena Olsson Smeby|Helena Olsson]] || {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Daniela Iraschko]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Henriette Smeby]]
|-
| align=right|9 March 2003 &nbsp; || align=center|HSF || {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Daniela Iraschko]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Anette Sagen]] || {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Helena Olsson Smeby|Helena Olsson]] 
|-
| align=right|17 March 2013 &nbsp; || align=center|{{Abbr|WC|World Cup}} || {{flagicon|USA}} [[Sarah Hendrickson]] || {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Sara Takanashi]] || {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Jacqueline Seifriedsberger]] 
|-
| align=right|8 March 2014 &nbsp; || align=center|WC || {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Sara Takanashi]] || {{flagicon|SLO}} [[Katja Požun]] || {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Yuki Ito (ski jumper)|Yūki Itō]]
|-
| align=right|13 March 2015 &nbsp; || align=center|WC || {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Sara Takanashi]] || {{flagicon|USA}} [[Sarah Hendrickson]] || {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Taylor Henrich]]
|-
| align=right|4 February 2016 &nbsp; || align=center|WC || {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Sara Takanashi]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Maren Lundby]] || {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Irina Avvakumova]] 
|-
|align=right|12 March 2017 &nbsp; || align=center|WC ||{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Yuki Ito (ski jumper)|Yūki Itō]]||{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Sara Takanashi]] ||{{flagicon|NOR}} [[Maren Lundby]]
|-
|align=right|11 March 2018 &nbsp; || align=center|WC ||{{flagicon|NOR}} [[Maren Lundby]]||{{flagicon|AUT}} [[Daniela Iraschko]]-[[Daniela Iraschko-Stolz|Stolz]]||{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Yuki Ito (ski jumper)|Yūki Itō]]
|}

=== Men ===
In 1896 the cross-country part of Nordic combined was cancelled and ski jumping counted as final result. Ski jumping events listed only:
{|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="background:#fff; font-size:86%; line-height:15px; border:grey solid 1px; border-collapse:collapse;"
|- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;"
! style="background:#ccc;" width="130"|Date
! style="background:#ccc;" width="88" |Competition
! style="background:#ccc;" width="180"|Winner
! style="background:#ccc;" width="180"|Second
! style="background:#ccc;" width="180"|Third 
|-
| align=right|24 February 1896 &nbsp; || align=center|HSF–{{Abbr|NCO|Nordic Combined}} || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Sigurd Svendsen]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Frimann Dahl]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Robert Pehrson]]
|-
| align=right|28 February 1930 &nbsp; || align=center|{{Abbr|NWSC|FIS Nordic World Ski Championships}} || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Gunnar Andersen (ski jumper)|Gunnar Andersen]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Reidar Andersen]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Sigmund Ruud]]
|-
| align=right|5 March 1933 &nbsp; || align=center|HSF || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Arne B. Christiansen]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Reidar Andersen]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Sverre Ruud]]
|-
| align=right|4 March 1934 &nbsp; || align=center|HSF || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Birger Ruud]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Roar Hellum]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Hans Kleppen]]
|-
| align=right|3 March 1935 &nbsp; || align=center|HSF || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Hans Beck (ski jumper)|Hans Beck]] || {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Sven Selånger|Sven Eriksson]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Bjarne Bryntesen]]
|-
| align=right|1 March 1936 &nbsp; || align=center|HSF || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Reidar Andersen]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Sigurd Solid]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Arnholdt Kongsgård]]
|-
| align=right|28 February 1937 &nbsp; || align=center|HSF || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Reidar Andersen]] || {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Sven Selånger]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Birger Ruud]]
|-
| align=right|6 March 1938 &nbsp; || align=center|HSF || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Reidar Andersen]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Arnholdt Kongsgård]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Hilmar Myhra]]
|-
| align=right|5 March 1939 &nbsp; || align=center|HSF || {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Sven Selånger]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Kaare Wahlberg]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Hilmar Myhra]]
|-
| align=right|3 March 1940 &nbsp; || align=center|HSF || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Hilmar Myhra]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Reidar Andersen]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Jens Østby]]
|-
| align=right|1941–1945 &nbsp; || align=center|HSF || align=center colspan=3|''no competition; World War II'' 
|-
| align=right|3 March 1946 &nbsp; || align=center|HSF || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Asbjørn Ruud]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Thorleif Schjelderup]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Yngvar Myhra]]
|-
| align=right|2 March 1947 &nbsp; || align=center|HSF || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Georg Thrane]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Henry Amdal]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Asbjørn Ruud]]
|-
| align=right|7 March 1948 &nbsp; || align=center|HSF || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Arne Hoel]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Thorleif Schjelderup]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Petter Hugsted]]
|-
| align=right|6 March 1949 &nbsp; || align=center|HSF || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Torbjørn Falkanger]] || {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Matti Pietikäinen]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Jens Østby]]
|-
| align=right|5 March 1950 &nbsp; || align=center|HSF || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Torbjørn Falkanger]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Hans Bjørnstad]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Petter Hugsted]]
|-
| align=right|25 February 1951 &nbsp; || align=center|HSF || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Arne Hoel]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Georg Thrane]] || {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Sepp Bradl]]
|-
| align=right|24 February 1952 &nbsp; || align=center|{{Abbr|OWG|Winter Olympic Games}} || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Arnfinn Bergmann]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Torbjørn Falkanger]] || {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Karl Holmström]]
|-
| align=right|9 March 1952 &nbsp; || align=center|HSF || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Arnfinn Bergmann]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Christian Mohn]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Arne Hoel]]<br>{{flagicon|NOR}} [[Halvor Næs]]
|-
| align=right|1 March 1953 &nbsp; || align=center|HSF || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Otto Austad]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Torbjørn Falkanger]]<br>{{flagicon|NOR}} [[Sverre Stallvik]] ||
|-
| align=right|7 March 1954 &nbsp; || align=center|HSF || align=center colspan=3|''strong wind''
|-
| align=right|4 April 1954 &nbsp; || align=center|{{Abbr|ELE|Elite}} || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Arne Hoel]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Halvor Næs]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Christian Mohn]]
|-
| align=right|6 March 1955 &nbsp; || align=center|HSF || {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Aulis Kallakorpi]] || {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Eino Kirjonen]]<br>{{flagicon|NOR}} [[Torbjørn Falkanger]] ||
|-
| align=right|26 February 1956 &nbsp; || align=center|HSF || {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Antti Hyvärinen]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Arne Hoel]] || {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Aulis Kallakorpi]]<br>{{flagicon|DDR}} [[Werner Lesser]]
|-
| align=right|3 March 1957 &nbsp; || align=center|HSF || {{flagicon|DDR}} [[Helmut Recknagel]] || {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Eino Kirjonen]] || {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Juhani Kärkinen]]
|-
| align=right|16 March 1958 &nbsp; || align=center|HSF || {{flagicon|Soviet Union|1955}} [[Nikolay Kamenskiy]] || {{flagicon|DDR}} [[Helmut Recknagel]] || {{flagicon|Soviet Union|1955}} [[Rudolf Bykov]]<br>{{flagicon|AUT}} [[Otto Leodolter]]
|-
| align=right|8 March 1959 &nbsp; || align=center|HSF || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Arne Hoel]] || {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Inge Lindqvist]]<br>{{flagicon|Soviet Union|1955}} [[Nikolay Kamenskiy]] ||
|-
| align=right|20 March 1960 &nbsp; || align=center|HSF || {{flagicon|DDR}} [[Helmut Recknagel]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Toralf Engan]] || {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Max Bolkart]]
|-
| align=right|12 March 1961 &nbsp; || align=center|HSF || {{flagicon|Soviet Union|1955}} [[Nikolaj Sjamov]] || {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Hemmo Silvennoinen]] || {{flagicon|Soviet Union|1955}} [[Nikolay Kamenskiy]]
|-
| align=right|18 March 1962 &nbsp; || align=center|HSF || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Toralf Engan]] || {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Willi Egger]]<br>{{flagicon|FIN}} [[Veikko Kankkonen]] ||
|-
| align=right|17 March 1963 &nbsp; || align=center|HSF || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Torbjørn Yggeseth]] || {{flagicon|USA}} [[John Balfanz]] || {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Kjell Sjöberg]]
|-
| align=right|15 March 1964 &nbsp; || align=center|HSF || {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Veikko Kankkonen]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Toralf Engan]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Bjørn Wirkola]]
|-
| align=right|14 March 1965 &nbsp; || align=center|HSF || {{flagicon|DDR}} [[Dieter Neuendorf]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Lars Grini]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Toralf Engan]]
|-
| align=right|27 February 1966 &nbsp; || align=center|NWSC || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Bjørn Wirkola]] || {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Takashi Fujisawa]] || {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Kjell Sjöberg]]
|-
| align=right|5 March 1967 &nbsp; || align=center|HSF || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Bjørn Wirkola]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Bent Tomtum]] || {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Max Golser]]
|-
| align=right|17 March 1968 &nbsp; || align=center|HSF || {{flagicon|Soviet Union|1955}} [[Vladimir Belousov (ski jumper)|Vladimir Belousov]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Bjørn Wirkola]] || {{flagicon|YUG}} [[Ludvik Zajc]]
|-
| align=right|16 March 1969 &nbsp; || align=center|HSF || {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Topi Mattila]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Gjert Andersen]] || {{flagicon|TCH}} [[Jiří Raška]]
|-
| align=right|15 March 1970 &nbsp; || align=center|HSF || {{flagicon|Soviet Union|1955}} [[Vladimir Belousov (ski jumper)|Vladimir Belousov]] || {{flagicon|Soviet Union|1955}} [[Garij Napalkov]] || {{flagicon|TCH}} [[Rudolf Höhnl]]
|-
| align=right|14 March 1971 &nbsp; || align=center|HSF || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Ingolf Mork]] || {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Yukio Kasaya]] || {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Walter Steiner]]
|-
| align=right|12 March 1972 &nbsp; || align=center|HSF || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Ingolf Mork]] || {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Hans Schmid (ski jumper)|Hans Schmid]] || {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Akitsugu Konno]]
|-
| align=right|18 March 1973 &nbsp; || align=center|HSF || {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Hans Schmid (ski jumper)|Hans Schmid]] || {{flagicon|DDR}} [[Hans-Georg Aschenbach]] || {{flagicon|TCH}} [[Leoš Škoda]]
|-
| align=right|10 March 1974 &nbsp; || align=center|HSF || {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Walter Steiner]] || {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Yukio Kasaya]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Finn Halvorsen]]
|-
| align=right|9 March 1975 &nbsp; || align=center|HSF || {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Toni Innauer]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Odd Hammernes]] || {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Alfred Grosche]]
|-
| align=right|14 March 1976 &nbsp; || align=center|HSF || {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Karl Schnabl]] || {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Toni Innauer]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Johan Sætre]]
|-
| align=right|13 March 1977 &nbsp; || align=center|HSF || {{flagicon|Soviet Union|1955}} [[Aleksej Borovitin]] || {{flagicon|DDR}} [[Thomas Meisinger]] || {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Walter Steiner]]
|-
| align=right|12 March 1978 &nbsp; || align=center|HSF || {{flagicon|DDR}} [[Harald Duschek]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Johan Sætre]] || {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Peter Leitner]]
|-
| align=right|11 March 1979 &nbsp; || align=center|HSF || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Per Bergerud]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Johan Sætre]] || {{flagicon|Soviet Union|1955}} [[Valerij Savin]]
|-
| align=right|16 March 1980 &nbsp; || align=center|WC || {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Armin Kogler]] || {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Jari Puikkonen]] || {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Hubert Neuper]]
|-
| align=right|15 March 1981 &nbsp; || align=center|WC || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Roger Ruud]] || {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Horst Bulau]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Johan Sætre]]
|-
| align=right|26 February 1982 &nbsp; || align=center|NWSC / WC–{{Abbr|T|Team event}} 
| {{Relay|{{NOR}}|[[Johan Sætre]]|[[Per Bergerud]]|[[Ole Bremseth]]|[[Olav Hansson]]}}
| {{Relay|{{AUT}}|[[Hans Wallner]]|[[Hubert Neuper]]|[[Armin Kogler]]|[[Andreas Felder]]}}
| {{Relay|{{FIN}}|[[Keijo Korhonen (ski jumper)|Keijo Korhonen]]|[[Jari Puikkonen]]|[[Pentti Kokkonen]]|[[Matti Nykänen]]}}
|-
| align=right|28 February 1982 &nbsp; || align=center|NWSC–{{Abbr|I|Individual}} || {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Matti Nykänen]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Olav Hansson]] || {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Armin Kogler]]
|-
| align=right|13 March 1983 &nbsp; || align=center|WC || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Steinar Bråten]] || {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Horst Bulau]] || {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Armin Kogler]]
|-
| align=right|11 March 1984 &nbsp; || align=center|WC || {{flagicon|TCH}} [[Vladimír Podzimek]] || {{flagicon|TCH}} [[Pavel Ploc]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Ole Christian Eidhammer]]
|-
| align=right|10 March 1985 &nbsp; || align=center|WC || {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Matti Nykänen]] || {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Franz Wiegele]] || {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Gérard Balanche]]
|-
| align=right|16 March 1986 &nbsp; || align=center|WC || {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Ernst Vettori]] || {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Matti Nykänen]] || {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Andreas Felder]]
|-
| align=right|22 March 1987 &nbsp; || align=center|WC || {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Andreas Felder]] || {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Ari-Pekka Nikkola]] || {{flagicon|YUG}} [[Miran Tepeš]]
|-
| align=right|20 March 1988 &nbsp; || align=center|WC || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Erik Johnsen]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Ole Gunnar Fidjestøl]] || {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Günther Stranner]]
|-
| align=right|5 March 1989 &nbsp; || align=center|WC || {{flagicon|DDR}} [[Jens Weißflog]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Jon Inge Kjørum]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Kent Johanssen]]
|-
| align=right|18 March 1990 &nbsp; || align=center|HSF || {{flagicon|DDR}} [[Jens Weißflog]] || {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Andreas Felder]] || {{flagicon|TCH}} [[Pavel Ploc]]
|-
| align=right|17 March 1991 &nbsp; || align=center|WC || {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Ernst Vettori]] || {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Stefan Horngacher]] || {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Staffan Tällberg]]
|-
| align=right|15 March 1992 &nbsp; || align=center|WC || {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Toni Nieminen]] || {{flagicon|TCH}} [[Jiří Parma]] || {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Martin Höllwarth]]
|-
| align=right|14 March 1993 &nbsp; || align=center|WC || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Espen Bredesen]] || {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Didier Mollard]] || {{flagicon|CZE}} [[Jaroslav Sakala]]
|-
| align=right|13 March 1994 &nbsp; || align=center|WC || align=center colspan=3|''strong wind''
|-
| align=right|12 March 1995 &nbsp; || align=center|WC || {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Andreas Goldberger]] || {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Takanobu Okabe]] || {{flagicon|GER}} [[Jens Weißflog]]
|-
| align=right|15 March 1996 &nbsp; || align=center|WC–T 
| {{Relay|{{AUT}}|[[Martin Höllwarth]]|[[Reinhard Schwarzenberger]]|[[Andreas Widhölzl]]|[[Andreas Goldberger]]}} 
| {{Relay|{{NOR}}|[[Pål Hansen]]|[[Sturle Holseter]]|[[Espen Bredesen]]|[[Roar Ljøkelsøy]]}} 
| {{Relay|{{GER}}|[[Gerd Siegmund]]|[[Michael Uhrmann]]|[[Christof Duffner]]|[[Jens Weißflog]]}}
|-
| align=right|17 March 1996 &nbsp; || align=center|WC || {{flagicon|POL}} [[Adam Małysz]] || {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Janne Ahonen]] || {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Masahiko Harada]]
|-
| align=right|16 March 1997 &nbsp; || align=center|WC || {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Kazuyoshi Funaki]] || {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Hiroya Saito|Hiroya Saitō]] || {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Bruno Reuteler]]
|-
| align=right|15 March 1998 &nbsp; || align=center|WC || {{flagicon|SLO}} [[Primož Peterka]] || {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Bruno Reuteler]] || {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Masahiko Harada]]
|-
| align=right|14 March 1999 &nbsp; || align=center|WC || {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Noriaki Kasai]] || {{flagicon|GER}} [[Martin Schmitt]] || {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Kazuyoshi Funaki]]
|-
| align=right|12 March 2000 &nbsp; || align=center|WC || {{flagicon|GER}} [[Sven Hannawald]] || {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Ville Kantee]] || {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Janne Ahonen]]
|-
| align=right|11 March 2001 &nbsp; || align=center|WC || {{flagicon|POL}} [[Adam Małysz]] || {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Stefan Horngacher]] || {{flagicon|GER}} [[Martin Schmitt]]
|-
| align=right|17 March 2002 &nbsp; || align=center|WC || {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Simon Ammann]] || {{flagicon|GER}} [[Sven Hannawald]] || {{flagicon|POL}} [[Adam Małysz]]
|-
| align=right|8 March 2003 &nbsp; || align=center|WC–T 
| {{Relay|{{AUT}}|[[Florian Liegl]]|[[Thomas Morgenstern]]|[[Christian Nagiller]]|[[Andreas Widhölzl]]}} 
| {{Relay|{{FIN}}|[[Matti Hautamäki]]|[[Veli-Matti Lindström]]|[[Tami Kiuru]]|[[Arttu Lappi]]}}
| {{Relay|{{GER}}|[[Michael Uhrmann]]|[[Martin Schmitt]]|[[Sven Hannawald]]|[[Georg Späth]]}}
|-
| align=right|9 March 2003 &nbsp; || align=center|WC || {{flagicon|POL}} [[Adam Małysz]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Roar Ljøkelsøy]]<br>{{flagicon|AUT}} [[Florian Liegl]] ||
|-
| align=right|14 March 2004 &nbsp; || align=center|WC || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Roar Ljøkelsøy]] || {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Simon Ammann]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Bjørn Einar Romøren]]
|-
| align=right|13 March 2005 &nbsp; || align=center|WC || {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Matti Hautamäki]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Bjørn Einar Romøren]] || {{flagicon|GER}} [[Michael Uhrmann]]
|-
| align=right|12 March 2006 &nbsp; || align=center|WC || {{flagicon|POL}} [[Adam Małysz]] || {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Thomas Morgenstern]] || {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Andreas Kofler]]
|-
| align=right|17 March 2007 &nbsp; || align=center|WC || {{flagicon|POL}} [[Adam Małysz]] || {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Andreas Küttel]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Anders Bardal]]
|-
| align=right|18 March 2007 &nbsp; || align=center|WC || {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Simon Ammann]] || {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Martin Koch (ski jumper)|Martin Koch]] || {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Matti Hautamäki]]
|-
| align=right|9 March 2008 &nbsp; || align=center|WC || {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Gregor Schlierenzauer]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Tom Hilde]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Bjørn Einar Romøren]]
|-
| align=right|2009 &nbsp; || align=center|WC || align=center colspan=3|''under renovation; substituted with Vikersund''
|-
| align=right|14 March 2010 &nbsp; || align=center|WC || {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Simon Ammann]] || {{flagicon|POL}} [[Adam Małysz]] || {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Andreas Kofler]]
|-
| align=right|<small>(night)</small> 3 March 2011 &nbsp; || align=center|NWSC–I || {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Gregor Schlierenzauer]] || {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Thomas Morgenstern]] || {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Simon Ammann]]
|-
| align=right|5 March 2011 &nbsp; || align=center|NWSC–T 
| {{Relay|{{AUT}}|[[Gregor Schlierenzauer]]|[[Martin Koch (ski jumper)|Martin Koch]]|[[Andreas Kofler]]|[[Thomas Morgenstern]]}}
| {{Relay|{{NOR}}|[[Anders Jacobsen (ski jumper)|Anders Jacobsen]]|[[Johan Remen Evensen]]|[[Anders Bardal]]|[[Tom Hilde]]}} 
| {{Relay|{{SLO}}|[[Peter Prevc]]|[[Jurij Tepeš]]|[[Jernej Damjan]]|[[Robert Kranjec]]}}
|-
| align=right|11 March 2012 &nbsp; || align=center|WC || {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Martin Koch (ski jumper)|Martin Koch]] || {{flagicon|GER}} [[Severin Freund]] || {{flagicon|SLO}} [[Robert Kranjec]]
|-
| align=right|17 March 2013 &nbsp; || align=center|WC || {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Gregor Schlierenzauer]]<br>{{flagicon|POL}} [[Piotr Żyła]] || || {{flagicon|SLO}} [[Robert Kranjec]]
|-
| align=right|9 March 2014 &nbsp; || align=center|WC || {{flagicon|GER}} [[Severin Freund]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Anders Bardal]] || {{flagicon|POL}} [[Kamil Stoch]]
|-
| align=right|<small>(night)</small> 14 March 2015 &nbsp; || align=center|WC || {{flagicon|GER}} [[Severin Freund]] || {{flagicon|SLO}} [[Peter Prevc]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Rune Velta]]
|-
| align=right|15 March 2015 &nbsp; || align=center|WC || {{flagicon|GER}} [[Severin Freund]] || {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Noriaki Kasai]] || {{flagicon|SLO}} [[Peter Prevc]]<br>{{flagicon|POL}} [[Kamil Stoch]]
|-
| align=right|<small>(night)</small> 6 February 2016 &nbsp; || align=center|WC–T 
| {{Relay|{{SLO}}|[[Jurij Tepeš]]|[[Domen Prevc]]|[[Robert Kranjec]]|[[Peter Prevc]]}}
| {{Relay|{{NOR}}|[[Daniel-André Tande]]|[[Anders Fannemel]]|[[Johann André Forfang]]|[[Kenneth Gangnes]]}}
| {{Relay|{{JPN}}|[[Taku Takeuchi]]|[[Kento Sakuyama]]|[[Daiki Itō]]|[[Noriaki Kasai]]}}
|-
| align=right|7 February 2016 &nbsp; || align=center|WC || colspan=5 align=center|''heavy fog; replaced by ski flying event in Vikersund''
|-
| align=right|10 March 2017 &nbsp; || align=center|{{Abbr|WC/RA(Q)–prol.|Raw Air prologue (qualifications)}} || {{flagicon|GER}} [[Andreas Wellinger]] || {{flagicon|SVN}} [[Peter Prevc]] || {{flagicon|GER}} [[Richard Freitag]]
|-
| align=right|11 March 2017 &nbsp; || align=center|WC/RA–T 
| {{Relay|{{AUT}}|[[Michael Hayböck]]|[[Manuel Fettner]]|[[Markus Schiffner]]|[[Stefan Kraft]]}}
| {{Relay|{{GER}}|[[Markus Eisenbichler]]|[[Stephan Leyhe]]|[[Richard Freitag]]|[[Andreas Wellinger]]}}
| {{Relay|{{POL}}|[[Piotr Żyła]]|[[Kamil Stoch]]|[[Dawid Kubacki]]|[[Maciej Kot]]}}
|-
| align=right|12 March 2017 &nbsp; || align=center|WC/RA–I || {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Stefan Kraft]] || {{flagicon|GER}} [[Andreas Wellinger]] || {{flagicon|GER}} [[Markus Eisenbichler]]
|-
| align=right|9 March 2018 &nbsp; || align=center|WC/RA(Q)–prol. || {{flagicon|POL}} [[Kamil Stoch]] || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Robert Johansson]] || {{flagicon|GER}} [[Richard Freitag]]
|-
| align=right|10 March 2018 &nbsp; || align=center|WC/RA–T 
| {{Relay|{{NOR}}|[[Daniel-André Tande]]|[[Andreas Stjernen]]|[[Johann André Forfang]]|[[Robert Johansson]]}}
| {{Relay|{{POL}}|[[Maciej Kot]]|[[Stefan Hula Jr.]]|[[Dawid Kubacki]]|[[Kamil Stoch]]}}
| {{Relay|{{AUT}}|[[Gregor Schlierenzauer]]|[[Clemens Aigner]]|[[Michael Hayböck]]|[[Stefan Kraft]]}}
|-
| align=right|11 March 2018 &nbsp; || align=center|WC/RA–I || {{flagicon|NOR}} [[Daniel-André Tande]] || {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Stefan Kraft]] || {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Michael Hayböck]]
|}

[[File:Holmenkollbakken 1924.jpg|thumb|right|Ski jumper in 1924]]

The [[Holmenkollen Ski Festival]] is an annual Nordic skiing event which takes places at Holmenkollen. Until 1932, jumping was part of [[Nordic combined]], and the events were completely dominated by Norwegians.<ref name=v134 /> In [[Nordic Games 1903|1903]], Oslo hosted its only version of the [[Nordic Games]], dubbed the Winter Sports Week. Regarded as the precursor of the Winter Olympics, the event featured among other things ski jumping in Holmenkollbakken.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.la84foundation.org/OlympicInformationCenter/OlympicReview/2002/OREXXVII43/OREXXVII43zu.pdf |title=The Nordic Games: Precursor to the Olympic Winter Games |last=Jönsson |first=Åke |journal=[[Olympic Review]] |year=2002 |issue=February–March |pages=64–68 |access-date=23 February 2011 |archive-date=7 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101207212515/http://www.la84foundation.org/OlympicInformationCenter/OlympicReview/2002/OREXXVII43/OREXXVII43zu.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Ski Festival was first held on a Sunday in 1926.<ref>{{harvnb|Thoresen|2007|p=46}}</ref> Starting in 1933, there was a pure ski jumping competition, which made it easier for foreign jumping specialists to compete for the top positions.<ref name=v134>{{harvnb|Vaage|Kristensen|1992|p=134}}</ref> Originally, the style scores were secret, creating public discussions about the fairness of judges in even races. This was changed in 1951, when the style scores started being announced over the PA system.<ref>{{harvnb|Vaage|Kristensen|1992|p=136}}</ref>

The Holmenkollen Ski Festival has been regarded as the ''[[de facto]]'' World Championships prior to the [[1924 Winter Olympics]].{{Citation needed|date=March 2011}} The Norwegian Ski Federation had been an opponent of establishing World Championships and Winter Olympics because they felt it would take away the prestige of the Ski Festival.<ref>{{harvnb|Thoresen|2007|p=44}}</ref> Oslo was awarded the [[FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 1930]]; with exception of Sweden's [[Erik Rylandet]] who finished fifth, Norway had the top ten positions.<ref>{{harvnb|Thoresen|2007|p=61}}</ref>

Holmenkollen was the venue of the Nordic skiing during the [[1952 Winter Olympics]]. Two events were held at Holmenkollbakken: [[ski jumping at the 1952 Winter Olympics|ski jumping]] and the jumping part of [[Nordic combined at the 1952 Winter Olympics|Nordic combined]]. The exact number of people attending the ski jumping event on 24 February is not known, but it somewhere between 120,000 and 150,000,<ref name=v126>{{harvnb|Vaage|Kristensen|1992|p=126}}</ref> with the official report stating 143,000.<ref>{{cite book|title=Olympic Winter Games Oslo 1952 |last1=Organising Committee for the VI Winter Olympic Games |url=http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1952/or1952w.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930155854/http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1952/or1952w.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=30 September 2007 |year=1952 |location=Oslo, Norway |access-date=10 September 2010 |page=54 }}</ref> The event was won by [[Arnfinn Bergmann]] ahead of [[Torbjørn Falkanger]], both from Norway, and [[Karl Holmström]] of Sweden.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dalby |first1=Åge |last2=Greve |first2=Jan |last3=Jorsett |first3=Per |lang=no |title=Olympiske vinterleker 1924–2006 |isbn=82-7286-162-3 |publisher=Akilles forlag |date=2006 |page=130}}</ref>

[[File:Holmekollen FIS Cup 2006.JPG|thumb|The off-run during the [[2005–06 FIS Ski Jumping World Cup]]; the stage is mounted above the off-run]]
The next World Championship was held in 1966. By then both normal and large hill competitions had been introduced, and the normal hill competition would be held at Midtstubakken, as they would later also be done in 1982 and 2011.<ref>{{harvnb|Vaage|Kristensen|1992|p=165}}</ref> The 1966 large hill competition was won by Norway's [[Bjørn Wirkola]],<ref>{{harvnb|Vaage|Kristensen|1992|p=167}}</ref> while the 1982 event was won by [[Matti Nykänen]] of Finland.<ref>{{harvnb|Vaage|Kristensen|1992|p=183}}</ref>

From the [[1979–80 FIS Ski Jumping World Cup|1979–80 season]], FIS introduced the [[FIS Ski Jumping World Cup|Ski Jumping World Cup]].<ref>{{harvnb|Thoresen|2007|p=185}}</ref> The [[FIS Nordic Combined World Cup]] was first held in the [[1983–84 FIS Ski Jumping World Cup|1983–84 season]].{{Citation needed|date=March 2011}} By 1990, a conflict had arisen between the ski jumpers and the International Ski Federation. On the day of the Ski Festival, the jumpers collectively demanded NOK&nbsp;150,000 in increased prize money, or threatened to not jump. It was stated that the money would be used for charity, such as resurrecting Romanian ski jumping. The demand was rejected by the organizers, who stated that they would have to disqualify the jumpers, as they would be regarded as [[professional sports|professionals]], rather than [[amateur sports|amateurs]].<ref>{{harvnb|Thoresen|2007|p=220}}</ref> Since 1997, the World Cup jumps in Holmenkollen have been part of the [[Nordic Tournament]], which includes four successive jumps in four Norwegian, Swedish and Finnish ski jumps, inspired by the [[Four Hills Tournament]].<ref>{{harvnb|Thoresen|2007|p=255}}</ref>

During summer, the old hill had a lake, which made it possible to use the amphitheater for concerts, plays and entertainment. The venue was then often referred to as Sommerkollen.<ref name=v53 /> From 1963, a temporary, small in-run was built down the southern grandstand, which allowed skiers and divers to make a jump and land in the water. Between 1963 and 1983, a competition was held nine times.<ref name=v52 /> Starting in 1983 was ''[[Ta sjansen]]'', which was televised annually by the [[Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation]] and became Sommerkollen's most popular show. It was an informal competition with two main events: one where a home-made craft was to first slide down a short in-run and then slide along the water surface to hit a mounted bell in the shortest possible time. The other was a cycling competition where the cyclist had to complete a track on a wobbly floating wharf.<ref name=v53 />

{{clear}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

;Bibliography
*{{cite book |title=Lengst gjennom lufta |last=Thoresen |first=Arne |year=2007 |publisher=Versal |location=Oslo |isbn=978-82-8188-030-6 |language=no }}
*{{cite book |title=Holmenkollen: historien og resultatene |last=Vaage |first1=Jakob |author-link=Jakob Vaage |last2=Kristensen |first2=Tom |year=1992 |location=Stabekk |publisher=De norske bokklubbene |isbn=82-525-1678-5 |language=no }}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Holmenkollbakken}}
* {{Official website|http://www.holmenkollen.com}}

{{1952 Winter Olympic venues}}
{{Olympic venues in ski jumping}}
{{Raw Air}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Holmenkollen Ski Jump}}
[[Category:Ski jumping venues in Norway]]
[[Category:Sports venues in Oslo]]
[[Category:1892 establishments in Norway]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Oslo]]
[[Category:Holmenkollen]]
[[Category:Lakes of Oslo]]
[[Category:Olympic ski jumping venues]]
[[Category:Venues of the 1952 Winter Olympics]]
[[Category:Raw Air]]
[[Category:Sports venues completed in 1892]]