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{{Short description|Negro league baseball team}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox baseball team
| name = Homestead Grays
| logo = 
| cap_logo = HomesteadGrays CapLogo.svg
| cap_logo_size = 100px
| founded = 
| established = 1912
| disbanded = 1950
| league = 
*Independent (1912–1928, 1930–1931, 1934, 1950)
*[[American Negro League]] ([[1929 in baseball|1929]])
*[[East-West League]] ([[1932 in baseball|1932]])
*[[Negro National League (the second)|Negro National League]] (1933, [[1935 in baseball|1935]]–[[1948 in baseball|48]])
*[[Negro American Association]] (1949)
| nickname = 
*'''Homestead Grays'''
*'''Washington Homestead Grays'''
*'''Washington Grays'''
| city = 
* [[Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania]]
* [[Washington, D.C.]]
| ballpark = 
*[[Forbes Field]] (1929–1950)
*[[Greenlee Field]] (1932–1937)
*[[Griffith Stadium]] (1940–1950)
| league_champ_type = League titles
| league_champs = {{hlist|[[1931 in baseball#Negro league baseball final standings|1931]]|[[1937 in baseball#Negro league baseball final standings|1937]]|[[1938 in baseball#Negro league baseball final standings|1938]]|[[1940 in baseball#Negro league baseball final standings|1940]]|[[1941 in baseball#Negro league baseball final standings|1941]]|[[1942 Negro World Series|1942]]|[[1943 Negro World Series|1943]]|[[1944 Negro World Series|1944]]|[[1945 Negro World Series|1945]]|[[1948 Negro World Series|1948]]|1949}}
| series = Negro World Series
| series_champs = {{hlist|[[1943 Negro World Series|1943]]|[[1944 Negro World Series|1944]]|[[1948 Negro World Series|1948]]}}
}}
The '''Homestead Grays''' (also known as '''Washington Grays''' or '''Washington Homestead Grays''') were a professional [[baseball]] team that played in the [[Negro league baseball|Negro leagues]] in the United States.

The team was formed in [[1912 in sports|1912]] by [[Cumberland Posey]], and remained in continuous operation for 38 seasons. The team was originally based in [[Homestead, Pennsylvania]], adjacent to [[Pittsburgh]].  By the 1920s, with increasing popularity in the Pittsburgh region, the team retained the name "Homestead" but crossed the [[Monongahela River]] to play all home games in Pittsburgh, at the [[Pittsburgh Pirates]]' home [[Forbes Field]] and the [[Pittsburgh Crawfords]]' home [[Greenlee Field]].

From 1940 until 1942, the Grays played half of their home games in Washington, D.C., while remaining in Pittsburgh for all other home stands.<ref name=BOOK/> As attendance at their games in the nation's capital grew, by 1943, the Grays were playing more than two-thirds of their home games in Washington.<ref name=BOOK>Snyder, Brad (2003). ''Beyond the Shadow of the Senators: The Untold Story of the Homestead Grays and the Integration of Baseball'', p. 155. McGraw-Hill. {{ISBN|978-007-1431-97-2}}.</ref>

==Franchise history==
The Grays grew out of an earlier industrial team.  In 1900, a group of [[African-American]] players had joined together to form the '''Germantown Blue Ribbons''', an industrial league team.  For ten years, the Blue Ribbons fielded a team every season and played some of the best sandlot teams in the area.  In 1910, the managers of the team retired. The players reorganized the team and named themselves the '''Murdock Grays'''. In 1912, they became the Homestead Grays, the name they retained for the remainder of the franchise's history.
[[File:Homestead Grays 1913.gif|thumb|right|1913 Homestead Grays. Cumberland Posey Jr is third from left middle row]]
[[File:1930-31 Homstead Grays.jpg|thumb|right|1931 Homestead Grays. Cumberland Posey Jr is standing at far left]]
[[File:Washington Grays Baseball players.jpg|thumb|Grays in 1947. From L to R: Dan Wilson, Luis Márquez, Matt "Lick" Carlisle, Sam Bankhead, Walter "Buck" Leonard]]

===American/East-West League===
The Grays did join the [[American Negro League]] in [[1929 in baseball|1929]], but that league lasted only one season. [[Cumberland Posey]] was their inaugural manager in organized league play. The Grays went 32-29 (with three ties) for a fourth place finish. The team operated independently again until [[1932 in baseball|1932]], when Posey organized the ill-fated [[East-West League]]; that league also collapsed before completing its first and only season. [[Jud Wilson]] and Posey combined to lead the 1932 team to a 24-16 record (with one tie) before the Grays joined the [[Negro National League (the second)|Negro National League]] in 1933

===Period of dominance in the National League===
Posey managed the next two seasons, leading them to a 3rd and 7th place finish, respectively. Outfielder [[Vic Harris (outfielder)|Vic Harris]] (a long-time player for the Grays) became player-manager in 1936. With the near-collapse of the [[Pittsburgh Crawfords]], [[Josh Gibson]] returned to the Grays in [[1937 in baseball|1937]], combining with slugger [[Buck Leonard]] to power the Grays. From 1937 to 1948, the Grays went on an unprecedented run of success in Negro league baseball. They finished first place in the league in ten of twelve seasons while competing in organized playoff baseball in six of those seasons (which they won three).

Their one challenge for the Negro National League came in [[1939 in baseball#Negro National League final standings|1939]], which matched the top four teams (of a six team league) in a postseason tournament that required three victories. They beat the [[Philadelphia Stars (baseball)|Philadelphia Stars]] in five games to reach the Championship Series against the [[Baltimore Elite Giants]]. They lost to Baltimore in five games.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.baseball-reference.com/postseason/1939_NLC.shtml| title = 1939 NN2 Championship Series - Baltimore Elite Giants over Homestead Grays (3-1-1) {{!}} Baseball-Reference.com}}</ref> The Grays rolled through the next two seasons with ease; in 1942, they competed in the re-born [[Negro World Series]], which they lost in four games to the [[Kansas City Monarchs]]. For the 1943 and 1944 seasons, [[Candy Jim Taylor]] served as the manager for the Grays. They won the pennant each time to advance to the Series, which they won each time. Harris returned to manage the Grays for 1945, where he continued for four seasons. They went to the Series twice and won the [[1948 Negro World Series]], the final one to be played before the demise of quality in the leagues.

During their tenure in organized league baseball, the Grays went 629–377, which included a season each in the ANL and EWL and fifteen years spent with the Negro National League (where they went 573-332). They finished first place in the league ten times while reaching the [[Negro World Series]] (second incarnation) five times, which resulted in three championships. The Grays had just one losing season in their time in the National League (1935, when they finished 26-36), which was also one of only three times they ever finished in the bottom half of a league.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/HG/| title = Homestead Grays Team History & Encyclopedia {{!}} Baseball-Reference.com}}</ref>

[[Pittsburgh Steelers]] founder and owner [[Art Rooney]] related in a 1981 interview that he "from time to time" had "helped financially support the Negro League team, the Homestead Grays, and . . . was a better baseball fan than football fan."<ref name=wofart>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=KKkcAAAAIBAJ&sjid=e2MEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4092%2C6282476 |newspaper=Pittsburgh Press |last=Donovan |first=Dan |title=Works of Art |date=August 28, 1988 |page=D3 }}</ref>

===Post-Negro league play===
Following the collapse of the Negro National League after the 1948 season, the Grays struggled to continue as an independent club and joined the minor league [[Negro American Association]].  The Grays dominated the competition, won both halves of the split-season and cruised to the league pennant.  The league collapsed after the 1949 season and the Grays returned to barnstorming. After completing their 1950 season, they ultimately disbanded in May 1951.<ref name=yvgoobb51>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=R4VJAAAAIBAJ&sjid=h4QMAAAAIBAJ&pg=4321%2C6244894 |newspaper=Youngstown Vindicator |location=Ohio |agency=INS |title=Grays out of baseball |date=May 23, 1951 |page=29 }}</ref>

==Home fields==
From the late 1930s through the 1940s, the Grays played their home games at Pittsburgh's [[Forbes Field]], home of the [[Pittsburgh Pirates]], and West Field in Munhall, PA.  West Field still stands to this day with modern upgrades, and home plate is still in the exact position that Josh Gibson himself played catcher. The field is open to the public and currently used for the Steel Valley High School baseball teams home field.

However, during this same period the club adopted the Washington, D.C. area as its "home away from home" and scheduled many of its "home" games at D.C.'s [[Griffith Stadium]], the home park of the [[History of the Washington Senators (1901–60)|Washington Senators]]. During these games, they were alternatively known as the Washington Grays or Washington Homestead Grays.

==Players==
{{Main list|Homestead Grays all-time roster}}

===Baseball Hall of Fame inductees===
These Homestead Grays alumni have been inducted to the [[National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan=5 style="{{Baseball primary style|Homestead Grays}}"|Homestead Grays Hall of Famers
|-
! style="{{Baseball secondary style|Homestead Grays}}"|No.
! style="{{Baseball secondary style|Homestead Grays}}"|Inductee
! style="{{Baseball secondary style|Homestead Grays}}"|Position
! style="{{Baseball secondary style|Homestead Grays}}"|Tenure
! style="{{Baseball secondary style|Homestead Grays}}"|Inducted
|-
| 4 || [[Cool Papa Bell]] || OF || 1932, 1943–1946 || 1974
|-
| — || [[Ray Brown (Negro Leagues pitcher)|Ray Brown]] || P || 1937–1945<br />1947–1948 || 2006
|-
| — || [[Oscar Charleston]] || OF || 1930–1931 || 1976
|-
|—
|[[Ray Dandridge]]
|3B
|1937
|1987
|-
| — || [[Leon Day]] || P || 1937 || 1995
|-
| — || [[Martín Dihigo]] || P || 1927–1928 || 1977
|-
| — || [[Bill Foster (baseball)|Bill Foster]] || P || 1931 || 1996
|-
| 20 || [[Josh Gibson]] || C || 1930–1931<br />1937–1946 || 1972
|-
| — || [[Judy Johnson]] || 3B || 1930, 1937 || 1975
|-
| 32 || [[Buck Leonard]] || 1B || 1934–1950 || 1972
|-
| 32 || [[Biz Mackey]] || C || 1927 || 2006
|-
|—
|[[Satchel Paige]]
|P
|1931
|1971
|-
| — || [[Cumberland Posey]] || Founder-Owner || 1912–1946 || 2006
|-
| — || [[Willie Wells]] || SS || 1932 || 1997
|-
| — || [[Smokey Joe Williams]] || P || 1925–1932 || 1999
|-
| — || [[Jud Wilson]] || 3B || 1929–1931<br />1941–1946 || 2006
|}

=== AL/NL Players ===
The following players appeared in at least one game for the Grays and at least one game in the AL/NL.

* [[Luke Easter (baseball)|Luke Easter]]
* [[Dave Hoskins]]
* [[Luis Márquez (baseball)|Luis Marquez]]
* [[Dave Pope]]
* [[Bob Thurman]]

==Playoffs/Championships==
{{For-text|a list of annual win-loss records|[[List of Homestead Grays seasons]]}}

===Independent===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%; text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" style="{{Baseball primary style|Homestead Grays}};"|Season
! rowspan="2" style="{{Baseball primary style|Homestead Grays}};"|Manager
! rowspan="2" style="{{Baseball primary style|Homestead Grays}};"|Record
! colspan="2" style="{{Baseball primary style|Homestead Grays}};"|East Coast Championship Series
|-
! style="{{Baseball primary style|Homestead Grays}};"|Opponent
! style="{{Baseball primary style|Homestead Grays}};"|Series
|-
| [[1930 Homestead Grays season|1937]]
| [[Cumberland Posey]]
| 45–15–1
| style="background:#dfd;"| [[New York Lincoln Giants]]
| style="background:#dfd;"| [[List of Negro league baseball postseason games#1930|6–4]]
|}

===Negro National League===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%; text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" style="{{Baseball primary style|Homestead Grays}};"|Season
! rowspan="2" style="{{Baseball primary style|Homestead Grays}};"|Manager
! rowspan="2" style="{{Baseball primary style|Homestead Grays}};"|Record
! colspan="2" style="{{Baseball primary style|Homestead Grays}};"|Negro National League<br />Playoffs
! colspan="2" style="{{Baseball primary style|Homestead Grays}};"|Negro National League<br />Championship Series
! colspan="2" style="{{Baseball primary style|Homestead Grays}};"|Negro World Series
|-
! style="{{Baseball primary style|Homestead Grays}};"|Opponent
! style="{{Baseball primary style|Homestead Grays}};"|Series
! style="{{Baseball primary style|Homestead Grays}};"|Opponent
! style="{{Baseball primary style|Homestead Grays}};"|Series
! style="{{Baseball primary style|Homestead Grays}};"|Opponent
! style="{{Baseball primary style|Homestead Grays}};"|Series
|-
| [[1937 Homestead Grays season|1937]]
| [[Vic Harris (outfielder)|Vic Harris]]
| 45–18–1
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | Nonexistent{{ref|a|a}}
 | colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background:#dfd;" | '''Clinched pennant'''{{ref|b|b}}
| colspan="2" rowspan="5" | Nonexistent{{ref|c|c}}
|-
| [[1938 Homestead Grays season|1938]]
| [[Vic Harris (outfielder)|Vic Harris]]
| 41–13
|-
| [[1939 in baseball|1939]]
| [[Vic Harris (outfielder)|Vic Harris]]
| 36–19–1
| style="background:#dfd;"| [[Philadelphia Stars (baseball)|Philadelphia Stars]]
| style="background:#dfd;"| [[List of Negro league baseball postseason games#1939|3–2]]
| [[Baltimore Elite Giants]]
| [[List of Negro league baseball postseason games#1939|1–3–1]]
|-
| [[1940 Homestead Grays season|1940]]
| [[Vic Harris (outfielder)|Vic Harris]]
| 34–19
| colspan="2" rowspan="7" | Nonexistent{{ref|a|a}}
| colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="background:#dfd;" | '''Clinched pennant'''{{ref|b|b}}
|-
| [[1941 Washington Homestead Grays season|1941]]
| [[Vic Harris (outfielder)|Vic Harris]]
| 51–22–2
| style="background:#dfd;"| [[New York Cubans]]
| style="background:#dfd;"| [[List of Negro league baseball postseason games#1941|3–1]]
|-
| [[1942 in baseball|1942]]
| [[Vic Harris (outfielder)|Vic Harris]]
| 47–19–3
| colspan="2" rowspan="4" style="background:#dfd;" | '''Clinched pennant'''{{ref|b|b}}
| [[Kansas City Monarchs]]
| [[1942 Negro World Series|0–4]]
|-
| [[1943 Washington Homestead Grays season|1943]]
| [[Candy Jim Taylor]]
| 53–14–1
| style="background:#fcc;" |[[Birmingham Black Barons]]
| style="background:#fcc;"| [[1943 Negro World Series|4–3–1]]
|-
| [[1944 Washington Homestead Grays season|1944]]
| [[Candy Jim Taylor]]
| 47–24–3
| style="background:#fcc;" |[[Birmingham Black Barons]]
| style="background:#fcc;"| [[1944 Negro World Series|4–1]]
|-
| [[1945 in baseball|1945]]
| [[Vic Harris (outfielder)|Vic Harris]]
| 37–19–2
| [[Cleveland Buckeyes]]
| [[1945 Negro World Series|0–4]]
|-
| [[1948 Washington Homestead Grays season|1948]]
| [[Vic Harris (outfielder)|Vic Harris]]
| 44–23–1
| style="background:#dfd;"| [[Baltimore Elite Giants]]
| style="background:#dfd;"| [[List of Negro league baseball postseason games#1948|2–1–1]]
| style="background:#fcc;"| [[Birmingham Black Barons]]
| style="background:#fcc;"| [[1948 Negro World Series|4–1]]
|-
! colspan="5" style="{{Baseball secondary style|Homestead Grays}};"|Total
! style="{{Baseball secondary style|Homestead Grays}};"|NNL pennants
! style="{{Baseball secondary style|Homestead Grays}};"|9
! style="{{Baseball secondary style|Homestead Grays}};"|World Series titles
! style="{{Baseball secondary style|Homestead Grays}};"|3
|}

* {{note label|a|a}} The Negro National League (second incarnation) ran from 1933 to 1948, and during that time they held a playoff to determine the league champion five times (1934, 1935, 1939, 1941, 1948). 1939 was the only time the league matched four teams together to play for the title, as all other playoffs were between two teams.
* {{note label|b|b}} On occasions without a playoff, the team leading the season in winning percentage was generally considered the pennant champion
* {{note label|c|c}} The [[Negro World Series]] was held 1924 to 1927 and from 1942 to 1948 as a matchup of two Negro leagues.

==Legacy==

On July 11, 2002, the Homestead High-Level Bridge which connects Pittsburgh to Homestead over the [[Monongahela River]] at Homestead was renamed the [[Homestead Grays Bridge]] in honor of the team.<ref>[http://www.post-gazette.com/neigh_south/20020712grays5.asp ''Pittsburgh Post-Gazette'', "Homestead Span Honors Baseball Team", July 12, 2002]</ref>

===Washington Nationals===
When the [[Montreal Expos]] moved to Washington, "Grays" was one of the three finalists (along with "Senators" and the eventual winner "Nationals") for the relocated team's new name, reflecting Washington's baseball history.<ref>[https://www.usatoday.com/sports/baseball/nl/expos/2004-11-19-nats-nickname_x.htm ''USA Today'', "In Washington, it'll be 'Let's go Nats'", November 22, 2004.  Accessed April 17, 2008.]</ref>

The Nationals′ home field, [[Nationals Park]], includes numerous references to the Grays:

*The "[[Washington Nationals#Ring of Honor|Ring of Honor]]" on the facade behind home plate lists the names of Cool Papa Bell, Ray Brown, Josh Gibson, Buck Leonard, Cumberland Posey, Jud Wilson, and players from the Nationals, Expos, [[History of the Washington Senators (1901–60)|original Washington Senators]] of 1901–1960, and [[Texas Rangers (baseball)#Washington Senators (1961–1971)|expansion Washington Senators]] of 1961–1971. The Ring honors players who are members of the [[National Baseball Hall of Fame]] and had played "significant years" for at least one of the teams or "anyone who has made a significant contribution to the game of baseball in Washington, D.C."  All six Grays players were among the original 18 inductees to the Ring of Honor when it was unveiled on August 10, 2010.
*The multi-sport Washington Hall of Stars display in the outfield features Josh Gibson and Buck Leonard.
*A statue of Josh Gibson (along with ones of [[Minnesota Twins|original Senator]] [[Walter Johnson]] and [[Texas Rangers (baseball)|second-run Senator]] [[Frank Howard (baseball)|Frank Howard]]) stands near the center field gate.

===MLB throwback jerseys===
The [[Pittsburgh Pirates]] and [[Washington Nationals]] have worn Homestead Grays throwback uniforms in official [[Major League Baseball]] games several different times:

;Pirates
* May 20, 2006, in Cleveland, the Pirates and [[Cleveland Indians]] wore the uniforms of the Grays and the [[Cleveland Buckeyes]].
* August 11, 2006, in Pittsburgh, the [[St. Louis Cardinals]] and the Pittsburgh Pirates wore uniforms of the [[St. Louis Stars (baseball)|St. Louis Stars]] and Grays.
* June 26, 2009, in Pittsburgh, the Pirates and the [[Kansas City Royals]] wore uniforms of the Homestead Grays and the [[Kansas City Monarchs]].
* July 23, 2011, in Pittsburgh, the Pirates and the [[St. Louis Cardinals]] wore uniforms of the Homestead Grays and the [[St. Louis Stars (baseball)|St. Louis Stars]].
* June 9, 2012, in Pittsburgh, the Pirates and the [[Kansas City Royals]] wore uniforms of the Homestead Grays and the Kansas City Monarchs.
* September 9, 2016, in Pittsburgh, the Pirates wore the Grays uniform against the [[Cincinnati Reds]]
*June 16, 2017, in Pittsburgh, the Pirates wore the Grays uniform against the Chicago Cubs

;Nationals
* June 2, 2006, in Milwaukee, the Washington Nationals and the [[Milwaukee Brewers]] wore uniforms of the Grays and [[Milwaukee Bears]], during the first annual Negro Leagues Tribute Night in Milwaukee.<ref>[http://www.mlb.com/NASApp/mlb/news/article.jsp?ymd=20060602&content_id=1484546&vkey=news_mil&fext=.jsp&c_id=mil MLB.com, "Brewers Honor Negro Leagues", June 2, 2006]{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* August 11, 2006, in Washington, the [[New York Mets]] and Nationals wore uniforms of the [[New York Cubans]] and the Grays.<ref>[http://washington.nationals.mlb.com/NASApp/mlb/news/article.jsp?ymd=20060811&content_id=1605224&vkey=news_was&fext=.jsp&c_id=was MLB.com, "Nats, Mets Recognize Negro Leagues", August 11, 2006]{{dead link|date=October 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
* August 3, 2007, The Nationals and Cardinals wore uniforms of the Grays and Stars.
* July 28, 2012, in Milwaukee, the Nationals and the Milwaukee Brewers wore uniforms of the Grays and the [[Milwaukee Bears]].<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/nationals/nationals-vs-brewers-jordan-zimmermann-throws-a-gem-in-his-first-mlb-game-in-home-state/2012/07/28/gJQAycfFHX_story.html  ''Washington Post'', Nationals vs. Brewers: Jordan Zimmermann throws a gem in his first MLB game in home state.]</ref>
* August 24, 2013, in Kansas City, the Nationals and the [[Kansas City Royals]] wore uniforms of the Grays and the [[Kansas City Monarchs]].
* June 25, 2016, in Milwaukee, the Nationals and [[Milwaukee Brewers]] wore the uniforms of the Grays and [[Milwaukee Bears]].

;Both
* May 3, 2008, in Washington, the [[Washington Nationals]] and [[Pittsburgh Pirates]] both wore the uniform of the Grays. (The PA announcer referred to the teams as the Grays.)
* June 1, 2013, both the [[Pittsburgh Pirates]] and the [[Washington Nationals]] wore Grays uniforms.  In Pittsburgh, the Pirates played the [[Cincinnati Reds]], who wore uniforms of the [[Cincinnati Tigers]]; and in Atlanta, the Nationals played the [[Atlanta Braves]], who wore uniforms of the [[Atlanta Black Crackers]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Portal|Baseball}}
{{Negro league team|sh=HG|br=HG}}

{{Homestead Grays}}
{{1943 Homestead Grays}}
{{1944 Homestead Grays}}
{{1948 Homestead Grays}}
{{American Negro League}}
{{East–West League}}
{{Negro National League (1933–1948)}}
{{Negro League teams}}
{{Pittsburgh sports}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Homestead Grays| ]]
[[Category:1912 establishments in Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:1951 disestablishments in Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Defunct baseball teams in Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Defunct sports clubs and teams in Pittsburgh|Grays]]
[[Category:Negro league baseball teams in Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Baseball teams established in 1912]]
[[Category:Sports clubs and teams disestablished in 1951]]
[[Category:Baseball teams disestablished in 1951]]
[[Category:Defunct baseball teams in Washington, D.C.]]
[[Category:Negro league baseball teams in Washington, D.C.]]