View source for Hongcun

{{for|the village in Shandong|Hongcun (Shandong)}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name                   = Hongcun
|official_name          = 
|native_name            = {{lang|zh-cn|宏村}}
|other_name             =
|settlement_type        = [[Village (PRC)|Village]]
|total_type             = 
|motto                  =
|image_skyline          = Yixian Hongcun 2016.09.09 17-27-03.jpg
|imagesize              = 300px
|image_caption          = Hongcun
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|subdivision_type       = Country
|subdivision_name       = [[People's Republic of China]]
|subdivision_type1      = [[Provinces of China|Province]]
|subdivision_name1      = [[Anhui]]
|subdivision_type3      = [[Prefecture-level city]]
|subdivision_name3      = [[Huangshan City]]
|subdivision_type4      = [[County (PRC)|County]]
|subdivision_name4      = [[Yi County, Anhui|Yi County]]
|subdivision_type5      = [[Town (PRC)|Town]]
|subdivision_name5      = [[Hongcun Town, Anhui|Hongcun Town]]
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|footnotes              = {{designation list | embed=yes
   | designation1 = WHS
   | designation1_offname = Ancient Villages in Southern Anhui – Xidi and Hongcun
   | designation1_date = 2000
   | designation1_type = Cultural
   | designation1_criteria = iii, iv, v
   | designation1_number   = [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1002 1002]
   | designation1_free1name = Region
   | designation1_free1value = [[List of World Heritage Sites in Asia|Asia]]
  }}
}}
'''Hongcun''' ({{lang-zh|s={{linktext|宏村}}|p=Hóngcūn |l=Hong village}}) is a village in [[Hongcun Town, Anhui|Hongcun Town]], [[Yi County, Anhui|Yi County]], [[Huangshan City]]<ref name="stathc">{{cite web |url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2017/34/10/23/341023101.html |script-title=zh:2017年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码：宏村镇 |trans-title=2017 Statistical Area Numbers and Rural-Urban Area Numbers: Hongcun Town |publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China]]| language = zh-hans|date=2017 |access-date=24 July 2018 |quote={{lang|zh-hans|341023101200 122 宏村村委会}}}}</ref><ref name="xzqhhc">{{cite web |url=http://www.xzqh.org/html/show/ah/31589.html |script-title=zh:宏村镇 |trans-title=Hongcun Town | publisher=XZQH.org | language = zh-hans|date=18 September 2012 |access-date=24 July 2018 |quote={{lang|zh-hans|341023101200 122宏村}}}}</ref> in the historical [[Huizhou (region)|Huizhou]] region of southern [[Anhui]] Province, China, near the southwest slope of [[Mount Huangshan]].

Together with [[Xidi]], the village became a [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Sites|World Heritage Site]] in 2000, because of its exceptional preservation of the architecture and city plan of a rural village in feudal China.<ref name="unesco_villages">{{cite web | url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1002 | title=Ancient Villages in Southern Anhui - Xidi and Hongcun | publisher=[[UNESCO]] | access-date=2008-10-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Xidi and Hongcun Villages |website=english.china.com | url=http://english.china.com/zh_cn/culture_history/heritages/11023762/20040916/11881915.html | access-date=2008-10-08 | date=2008-09-16}}</ref> Scenes from the film ''[[Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon]]'' were filmed on location in Hongcun.

==History and city planning==
Hongcun was established in 1131 by Wang Wen, a general during the [[Southern Song dynasty]].<ref name = "nomination">{{cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/uploads/nominations/1002.pdf |title=Ancient Villages in Southern Anhui - Xidi and Hongcun |date=2 December 2000 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre}}</ref> Like the neighboring Hu family in Xidi, the Wang family became prosperous merchants  and the city grew in size from 1400 to about 1900. The architecture and carvings of the approximately 150 residences dating back to the [[Ming dynasty|Ming]] and [[Qing dynasty|Qing]] dynasties are said to be among the best of their kind in China.{{Citation needed|date=March 2011}} One of the biggest of the residences open to visitors, ''Chenzhi Hall'', also contains a small museum.

The village is arranged in the shape of an ox with the nearby hill (Leigang Hill) interpreted as the head, and two trees standing on it as the horns. Four bridges across the Jiyin stream can be seen as the legs whilst the houses of the village form the body. Inside the “body”, the Jiyin stream represents the intestines and various lakes such as the “South Lake” (Nanhu) form the other internal organs. A 400-year-old waterway connects each residential household to the two water sources in the town, with most of the streets built alongside them.<ref name = "nomination" /> These streets are paved with original Yi County granite.{{Citation needed|date=February 2023}} The usual residences of the town contain a central courtyard surrounded by symmetrical bays of rooms, although there are much larger and more private houses for the wealthier citizens.<ref name = "nomination" />

<gallery>
File:Yixian Hongcun 2016.09.09 18-17-26.jpg|"Yuezhao" (Moon Pond)
File:Yixian Hongcun 2016.09.09 18-21-34.jpg|"Yuezhao" (Moon Pond)
File:Yixian Hongcun 2016.09.09 17-49-42.jpg|Nanhu Academy
</gallery>
{{wide image|China, Anhui Province, Hongcun, central clearing.jpg|1800px|alt=Panorama of Hongcun|Hongcun, Anhui Province, China.}}

==Transportation==
[[File:Ancient Villages in Southern Anhui – Xidi and Hongcun-114145.jpg|thumb|Ancient Villages in Southern Anhui – [[Xidi]] and Hongcun.]]
Buses are available from Huangshan Bus Station. There are also buses from Tangkou Bus Station to Hongcun. Tangkou Bus Station is at the foot of Huangshan Scenic Area.<ref name=Hongcun>[https://chinatour.net/anhui/huangshan/hongcun/ "Hongcun" ChinaTour.Net] Accessed 2014-11-23</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Notable people==
*[[Wang Daxie]]

== External links==
{{Commons category|Hongcun}}
*[http://www.hongcun.com.cn Hongcun village official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051024024100/http://www.hongcun.com.cn/ |date=2005-10-24 }}
*[https://whc.unesco.org/sites/1002.htm UNESCO site about Xidi and Hongcun]
*[http://english.china.com/zh_cn/culture_history/heritages/11023762/20040916/11881915.html article on Xidi and Hongcun at china.com] {{in lang|en}}
*{{Wikivoyage inline}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070928140753/http://www.eastchinavoyager.com/discover_hongcun.asp information and pictures of Hongcun]

{{World Heritage Sites in China}}
{{Anhui topics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hongcun}}
[[Category:World Heritage Sites in China]]
[[Category:Major National Historical and Cultural Sites in Anhui]]
[[Category:Huangshan City]]
[[Category:Ming dynasty architecture]]
[[Category:Qing dynasty architecture]]
[[Category:Villages in China]]