View source for Honky

{{short description|Insult for white people}}
{{Other uses}}
{{In popular culture|date=December 2019}}
'''Honky''' (also spelled '''honkey''') is a [[List of ethnic slurs|derogatory term]] used to refer to [[white people]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/honky |website=Merriam-Webster |title=Honky}}</ref> predominantly heard in the [[United States]]. The first recorded use of "honky" in this context may date back to 1946.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Campbell|first=James|date=May 27, 1999|title=Linguistic Notes: The jive descendants of the 'hipikat'|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/linguistic-notes-the-jive-descendants-of-the-hipikat-1096317.html|access-date=Dec 15, 2020|website=[[The Independent]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia|encyclopedia=[[Oxford English Dictionary]] |title=Honky |url=http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/50107724 |access-date=2010-10-19 |edition=Second |year=1989 |quote=1946 Mezzrow & Wolfe ''Really the Blues'' xii. 216 First Cat: Hey there Poppa Mezz, is you anywhere? Me: Man I'm down with it, stickin' like a honky. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110622051841/http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/50107724 |archive-date=22 June 2011 }}</ref>

==Etymology==
The exact origins of the word are generally unknown and postulations about the subject vary.

===Eastern European===
Honky may be a variant of ''[[Hunky Culture|hunky]]'', which was a derivative of ''[[Bohunk]]'', a slur for various [[Slavs|Slavic]] and [[Hungarians|Hungarian]] immigrants who moved to America from the [[Austria-Hungary|Austro-Hungarian Empire]] in the early 1900s.<ref>''Oxford English Dictionary''</ref>

===Wolof===
Honky may also derive from the term "xonq nopp" which, in the West African language [[Wolof language|Wolof]], literally means "red-eared person". The term may have originated with Wolof-speaking people brought to the U.S.<ref>{{cite book|title=African Roots/American Cultures: Africa in the Creation of the Americas|first=Sheila S.|last=Walker|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EJzHiqBPJCoC&pg=PA57|year=2001|isbn=9780742501652|access-date=2009-08-05}}</ref> It has been used by [[African Americans|Black Americans]] as a pejorative for [[white people]].<ref>Mother Wit from Laughing Barrel. Alan Dundes. Univ. Press of Mississippi, 1973. page 138. Google eBook edition. retrieved 04.11.2015</ref>

===Other===
Honky may have come from coal miners in [[Oak Hill, West Virginia]]. The miners were segregated; Blacks in one section, English-speaking whites in another. Foreigners who could not speak English, mostly whites, were separated from both groups into an area known as "Hunk Hill". These male laborers were known as "Hunkies".<ref>Kline, M. (2011) Appalachian Heritage, (Vol. 59, No. 5, Summer 2011.)</ref>

The term may have begun in the meat packing plants of [[Chicago]]. According to Robert Hendrickson, author of the ''Encyclopedia of Word and Phrase Origins'', Black workers in Chicago [[Meat-packing industry|meatpacking]] plants picked up the term from white workers and began applying it indiscriminately to all whites.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Adams |first1=Cecil |author-link1=Cecil Adams |title=What's the origin of "honky"? |url=https://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/756/whats-the-origin-of-honky/ |website=The Straight Dope |date=21 October 1988}}</ref>

==Notable uses==
<!-- Examples in this section need to be cited to a secondary or tertiary reliable source that discusses the specific example's cultural impact. A citation to the actual use can be included, but alone will not support inclusion. See policy [[MOS:POPCULT]], [[WP:SOURCELIST]] and essays [[WP:POPCULTURE]], [[WP:EXAMPLEFARM]], [[WP:Overlistification]]. -->
The adoption of ''honky'' as a [[pejorative]] is attested as early in 1967 by black militants <ref>{{cite news |last1=Chamberlain |first1=John |title=Stokely Carmichael Specializes in Hate; He Wants To Send This Country to Hell |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/bennington-banner-stokely-carmichael-op/118698326/ |access-date=25 May 2025 |agency=[[Bennington Banner]] |date=2 June 1967}} "Carmichael specializes in hate. He objects, quite rightly, to those who use the term 'nigger.' Then he turns around and calls policemen 'honkies,' making a play on the derisive term that outraged Hungarian immigrants generations ago."</ref> within [[Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee]] (SNCC) seeking a rebuttal for the term ''[[nigger]]''{{cn|date=May 2025}}. The [[United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense]] stated in 1967 that National Chairman of the SNCC, [[H. Rap Brown]], told a Black audience in [[Cambridge, Maryland]] that "You should burn that school down and then go take over the honkie's school" on June 24, 1967. Brown went on to say: "[I]f America don't come 'round, we got to burn it down. You better get some guns, brother. The only thing the honky respects is a gun. You give me a gun and tell me to shoot my enemy, I might shoot [[Lady Bird Johnson|Lady Bird]]."<ref>{{cite web|title=Department of Defense. "Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)." 1967.|work=African-American Involvement in the Vietnam War|url=http://www.aavw.org/protest/carmichael_sncc_abstract06_full.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120717052344/http://www.aavw.org/protest/carmichael_sncc_abstract06_full.html|archive-date=17 Jul 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

''Honky'' has occasionally been used even for white allies of African Americans, as seen in the 1968 trial of [[Black Panther Party]] member [[Huey Newton]], when fellow Panther [[Eldridge Cleaver]] created pins for Newton's white supporters stating "Honkies for Huey".<ref>{{cite news |date=2 March 1970 |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,904228-4,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080115153619/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,904228-4,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 15, 2008 |title=Radical Saul Alinsky: Prophet of Power to the People |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=2010-11-01}}</ref>

"Father of the Blues" [[W. C. Handy]] wrote of "Negroes and hunkies" in his autobiography.<ref>''Father of the Blues'' by William Christopher Handy. 1941 MacMillan. Page 214. no ISBN in this edition</ref>

===Use in music===
<!-- Examples in this section need to be cited to a secondary or tertiary reliable source that discusses the specific example's cultural impact. A citation to the actual use can be included, but alone will not support inclusion. See policy [[MOS:POPCULT]], [[WP:SOURCELIST]] and essays [[WP:POPCULTURE]], [[WP:EXAMPLEFARM]], [[WP:Overlistification]]. -->

In the 2012 [[rap]] song "[[Thrift Shop]]" by [[Macklemore & Ryan Lewis]] ft. [[Wanz]], "Damn, that's a cold ass honkey!" is used in reference to Macklemore and his secondhand clothes. [[Eminem]], who is also a [[white American]] rapper, uses the line "He looked at me and said, 'You gonna die, honkey!'" in 1999's "[[Brain Damage (Eminem song)|Brain Damage]]." "[[Play That Funky Music]]," a 1976 [[disco]]/[[funk]] hit by [[Wild Cherry (band)|Wild Cherry]] about a rock band adapting to the rise of disco, substitutes "honky" for "white boy" in the final chorus of the uncensored version.<ref>{{cite AV media notes|title=Play That Funky Music|others=Wild Cherry|date=1976|last=Parisi|first=Robert|type=vinyl|publisher=Epic Records|location=USA}}</ref> The British band [[Hot Chocolate (band)|Hot Chocolate]] used "honky" and "spook" in their controversial 1973 hit single "[[Brother Louie (Hot Chocolate song)|Brother Louie]]" about an interracial relationship as the terms chosen by the respective fathers to slur their child's newfound lover.    

Other uses of "honky" in music include [[Honky (album)|''Honky'']] (an album by [[Melvins]]), ''[[Honky Reduction]]'' (an album by [[Agoraphobic Nosebleed]]), [[MC Honky]] ([[Disc jockey|DJ]] [[Stage name|stage persona]]), ''[[Honky Château]]'' (an album by [[Elton John]], the first track on which is "[[Honky Cat]]"), ''[[Talkin' Honky Blues]]'' (an album by [[Buck 65]]), and ''Honky'' (an album by [[Keith Emerson]]). ''[[Honky's Ladder]]'' is a 1996 [[Extended play|EP]] by [[The Afghan Whigs]]. In 2022 [[Hank Williams Jr.]] released a blues album [[Rich White Honky Blues]].

The Chicago style of [[Polka#Styles and variants|polka music]] is also known as honky polka.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/991.html |title=Polka |last=Bohlman |first=Philip |publisher=Chicago Historical Society |date=2005 |website=The Electronic Encyclopedia of Chicago |access-date=December 6, 2020}}</ref>

===Use in television and film===
<!-- Examples in this section need to be cited to a secondary or tertiary reliable source that discusses the specific example's cultural impact. A citation to the actual use can be included, but alone will not support inclusion. See policy [[MOS:POPCULT]], [[WP:SOURCELIST]] and essays [[WP:POPCULTURE]], [[WP:EXAMPLEFARM]], [[WP:Overlistification]]. -->
	
[[Honky (film)|''Honky'']] is a 1971 movie based on an interracial relationship, starring [[Brenda Sykes]] as Sheila Smith and John Neilson as Wayne "Honky" Devine. 

In [[Racist Word Association Interview|a sketch]] on ''[[Saturday Night Live]]'' (''SNL''), [[Chevy Chase]] and [[Richard Pryor]] used both ''nigger'' (Chase) and ''honky'' (Pryor) in reference to one another during a "[[racism|racist]] [[word association]] interview".<ref>{{cite web|title=Racist Word Association Interview|first=Paul|last=Mooney|author-link=Paul Mooney (comedian)|url=http://snltranscripts.jt.org/75/75ginterview.phtml|date=1975-12-13|access-date=2008-12-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130923185534/http://snltranscripts.jt.org/75/75ginterview.phtml|archive-date=2013-09-23|url-status=dead}}</ref> During this period, [[Steve Martin]] (as musical guest and [[Stand-up comedy|stand-up regular]] on ''SNL'') performed a rendition of "[[King Tut (song)|King Tut]]" which contained the word ''honky'' in its lyrics.

On the TV series ''[[Barney Miller]]'', Season 5, Episode 8, "Loan Shark", [[Arthur Dietrich]] gives an etymology of the word "honky", claiming it was "coined by Blacks in the 1950s in reference to the nasal tone of Caucasians".<ref>{{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dcieTRWUeWw|title=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}{{Dead Youtube links|date=February 2022}}</ref>

On the TV series ''[[The Jeffersons]]'', [[George Jefferson]] regularly referred to a white person as a honky (or [[Whitey (slang)|whitey]]) as did [[Redd Foxx]] on ''[[Sanford and Son]]''. This word would later be popularized in episodes of ''[[Mork & Mindy]]'' by [[Robin Williams]] and [[Jonathan Winters]].

==See also==
{{Wiktionary|honky|honkey|hunkey}}
* [[Buckra]]
* [[Cracker (pejorative)|Cracker]]
* [[Hillbilly]]
* [[List of ethnic slurs]]
* [[Redneck (stereotype)|Redneck]]
* [[Whitey (slang)]]
* [[White Anglo-Saxon Protestants]]
* [[Honky-tonk]]

==References==
{{Reflist|33em}}

{{Ethnic slurs}}

[[Category:Pejorative terms for white people]]