View source for Hoorn

{{short description|City and municipality in North Holland}}
{{About|Hoorn, North Holland|other uses|Hoorn (disambiguation)}}
{{Use American English|date=September 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Hoorn
| settlement_type    = [[List of cities in the Netherlands by province|City]] and [[Municipalities of the Netherlands|municipality]]
| image_skyline      = {{multiple image
  | total_width            = 300
  | border                 = infobox
  | perrow                 = 1/2/1
  | caption_align          = center
  | image1                 = Hoorn - Hoofdtoren - 52961046087 (cropped).jpg
  | alt1                   = Hoofdtoren
  | caption1               = Hoofdtoren
  | image2                 = Hoorn - Statencollege - 50382106197 (cropped).jpg
  | alt2                   = Statencollege
  | caption2               = [[Westfries Museum|Statencollege]]
  | image3                 = Hoorn - Waag, Roode Steen 8 - 53327962440 (cropped).jpg
  | alt3                   = Waag
  | caption3               = [[Weigh house|Waag]]
  | image4                 = Theater Schouwburg Het Park 2014.jpg
  | alt4                   = Schouwburg Het Park
  | caption4               = Schouwburg Het Park
  }}
| image_flag         = Flag of Hoorn.svg
| image_shield       = Hoorn wapen HRvA.svg
| shield_size        = x85px
| nickname           = {{hlist|Coenstad<ref>{{cite book |last1=Pannekeet |first1=Jan |title=Westfries Woordenboek |date=1995 |publisher=Uitgeverij Noord-Holland |location=Wormerveer |isbn=90-71123-01-4 |page=67}}</ref>|City of the Golden Age<ref name="goldenage">{{cite web |title=City of the Golden Age |url=https://www.ikhouvanhoorn.nl/en/goldenage/ |website=Ik hou van Hoorn |access-date=23 June 2020 |language=en |archive-date=26 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220626084016/https://www.ikhouvanhoorn.nl/en/goldenage/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>}}
| image_map          = [[File:NL - locator map municipality code GM0405 (2016).png|border|250px]]
| map_caption        = Location within North Holland, Netherlands
| pushpin_map        = Netherlands#Europe
| pushpin_map_caption = Location within the Netherlands##Location within Europe
| pushpin_relief     = 1
| coordinates        = {{coord|52|39|N|5|4|E|region:NL|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = [[Netherlands]]
| subdivision_type1  = [[Provinces of the Netherlands|Province]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[North Holland]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[Regions of the Netherlands#Subregions|Subregion]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[West Friesland (historical region)|West Friesland]]
| governing_body     = [[Municipal council (Netherlands)|Municipal council]]
| leader_title       = Mayor
| leader_name        = [[Jan Nieuwenburg]]
| leader_party       = [[Labour Party (Netherlands)|PvdA]]
| established_title  = [[City rights]]
| established_date   = 1357 ({{Years ago|1357}} years ago)
| area_footnotes     = <ref name="kerncijfers">{{cite web |title=Regionale kerncijfers Nederland |url=https://opendata.cbs.nl/statline/#/CBS/nl/dataset/70072NED/table?dl=2C08A |website=CBS Statline |publisher=[[Statistics Netherlands]] |access-date=20 October 2021 |language=nl}}</ref>
| area_total_km2     = 53.46
| area_land_km2      = 20.38
| area_water_km2     = 33.08
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name="AHN">{{cite web |url=https://www.ahn.nl/postcodetool |title=Postcodetool for 1625HV |language=nl |publisher=Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland |access-date=10 March 2014 |archive-date=27 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140727223640/http://www.ahn.nl/postcodetool |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| elevation_m        = &minus;1
| population_as_of   = 1 January 2025
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |title=Inwoners per gemeente |url=https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/visualisaties/dashboard-bevolking/regionaal/inwoners |website=[[Statistics Netherlands]] |access-date=2 February 2025 |language=nl-NL}}</ref>
| population_total   = 76036
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym = {{ubl|{{Lang|nl|Hoornaar}}|{{Lang|nl|Hoornse}} ([[Grammatical gender#Gender contrasts|fem.]])|{{Lang|nl|Horinees}} ([[Colloquialism|colloq.]])}}
| timezone           = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset         = +1
| timezone_DST       = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST     = +2
| postal_code_type   = [[Postal codes in the Netherlands|Postal codes]]
| postal_code        = 1620–1628, 1689, 1695
| area_code_type     = [[Telephone numbers in the Netherlands|Area code]]
| area_code          = 0229
| website            = {{URL|1=http://www.hoorn.nl}}
}}
'''Hoorn''' ({{IPA|nl|ˈɦoːr(ə)n|-|404_Hoorn.ogg}}) is a [[List of cities in the Netherlands by province|city]] and [[Municipalities of the Netherlands|municipality]] in the northwest of the [[Netherlands]], in the [[Provinces of the Netherlands|province]] of [[North Holland]]. It is the largest town and the traditional capital of the region of [[West Friesland (region)|West Friesland]].<ref name="WG-Historie">{{cite web|url=https://www.westfriesgenootschap.nl/archivering/themas/hoorn/hoorn_historie.php|title=Hoorn: Historie|website=Westfries Genootschap|language=nl|access-date=17 March 2019|archive-date=8 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208224712/https://www.westfriesgenootschap.nl/archivering/themas/hoorn/hoorn_historie.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> Hoorn is located on the [[Markermeer]], 20 kilometers (12&nbsp;mi) east of [[Alkmaar]] and 35 kilometers (22&nbsp;mi) north of [[Amsterdam]]. The municipality has just over 75,000 inhabitants and a land area of {{convert|20.38|km2|abbr=on}}, making it the third most densely populated municipality in North Holland after [[Haarlem]] and Amsterdam.<ref name="kerncijfers"/> Apart from the city of Hoorn, the municipality includes the villages of [[Blokker, Netherlands|Blokker]] and [[Zwaag]], as well as parts of the [[Hamlet (place)|hamlets]] {{Ill|De Bangert|nl}}, [[De Hulk]] and {{Ill|Munnickaij|nl}}.

Hoorn is well known in the Netherlands for its rich history.<ref name="visit-holland">{{cite web |title=Hoorn & Enkhuizen in the Golden Age |url=https://www.holland.com/global/tourism/destinations/provinces/north-holland/hoorn-enkhuizen-in-the-golden-age.htm |website=Holland.com |access-date=29 March 2020 |language=en |date=6 October 2017}}</ref> The town acquired [[City rights in the Low Countries|city rights]] in 1357 and flourished during the [[Dutch Golden Age]].<ref name="goldenage"/> In this period, Hoorn developed into a prosperous [[port city]], being home to one of the six [[Dutch East India Company#Organisational structure|chambers]] of the [[Dutch East India Company]] (VOC).<ref name="visit-holland"/> Towards the end of the eighteenth century, however, it started to become increasingly more difficult for Hoorn to keep competing with nearby Amsterdam.<ref name="WG-Historie" /> Ultimately, it lost its function as port city and became a regional center of trade, mainly serving the smaller villages of West Friesland.<ref name="WG-Historie" /> Nowadays, Hoorn is a city with modern residential areas and a historic city center that, due to its proximity to Amsterdam, is sometimes considered to be part of the [[Randstad|Randstad metropolitan area]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.pbl.nl/sites/default/files/downloads/PBL_2012_Nieuwe-steden-in-de-Randstad_186.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008221438/https://www.pbl.nl/sites/default/files/downloads/PBL_2012_Nieuwe-steden-in-de-Randstad_186.pdf |archive-date=2020-10-08 |url-status=live|title=Nieuwe steden in de Randstad: Verstedelijking en suburbaniteit|publisher=[[Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency|PBL]]|date=September 2012|language=nl|access-date=12 March 2020}}</ref> [[Cape Horn]] and the [[Hoorn Islands]] were both named after this city.<ref>{{cite web |title=De ontdekking van Kaap Hoorn |url=https://www.hetscheepvaartmuseum.nl/over-ons/nieuws/755/de-ontdekking-van-kaap-hoorn |website=Het Scheepvaartmuseum |access-date=23 June 2020 |language=nl |date=28 January 2016}}</ref>

==Etymology==
[[File:Hoorn flag - Bowles's naval flags of the world, 1783.jpg|left|thumb|160px|Variant flag of Hoorn (1783), with the archaic [[French language|French]] spelling {{Lang|fr|Horne}}]]
The origin of the name Hoorn – in archaic spelling Hoern, Horne or Hoirn(e) – is surrounded in myths.<ref name="etym-bank">{{cite web |title=Hoorn (geografische naam) |url=http://www.etymologiebank.nl/trefwoord/hoorn3 |website=etymologiebank.nl |access-date=29 March 2020 |language=nl}}</ref> According to old [[Frisians|Frisian]] legends, the name comes from Hornus, a bastard son of [[Redbad, King of the Frisians|King Redbad]] and brother of [[Aldgillis II]], who presumably founded the city in 719 and named it after himself.<ref name="vdknaap">{{cite book |last1=Knaap |first1=J.P.H. van der |title=Hoornse sagen, legenden, volksverhalen |date=2008 |publisher=Vereniging Oud Hoorn |location=Hoorn |page=13 |url=https://www.oudhoorn.nl/bibliotheek/pdf/hoornse_sagen_vd_knaap.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226042741/https://www.oudhoorn.nl/bibliotheek/pdf/hoornse_sagen_vd_knaap.pdf |archive-date=2021-02-26 |url-status=live |language=nl}}</ref> A different theory claims that the name was derived from a sign depicting a [[post horn]], which hung from one of the taverns established by brewers from [[Hamburg]] in the early [[fourteenth century]].<ref name="volkoomen">{{Cite web|url=http://www.volkoomen.nl/Plaatsnamen%20en%20hun%20betekenis.htm|title=Plaatsnamen en hun betekenis.|website=Volkoomen.nl|access-date=29 February 2020 |language=nl}}</ref>

According to [[Hadrianus Junius]], the name could also be a reference to the city's horn-shaped port.<ref name="volkoomen" /> Others believed that the name was derived from {{Lang|nl|damphoorn}}, a weed with a hollow stem that grew in the area at the time of the city's establishment.<ref name="halma">{{cite book |last1=Halma |first1=François |editor1-last=Nidek |editor1-first=Mattheus Brouërius van |title=Tooneel der Vereenigde Nederlanden en onderhorige landschappen, geopent in een algemeen historisch, genealogisch, geographisch en staatkundig woordenboek |date=1725 |publisher=Hendrik Halma |location=Leeuwarden |pages=431–432 |edition=Volume 1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U4dMAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA431 |language=nl}}</ref> The chronicler {{Ill|Theodorus Velius|nl|Velius}} rejects this theory, as well as the assertion that the name comes from "Dampterhorn", which was thought to be the only remaining neighborhood of the flooded village of {{Ill|Dampten|nl}}.<ref name="velius">{{cite web |last1=Kwaad |first1=Frans J.P.M. |title=Velius: Kroniek van Hoorn |url=http://www.kwaad.net/Hoorn-Velius.htm |website=kwaad.net |access-date=29 March 2020 |language=nl}}</ref>

One of the earliest mentions of Hoorn is found in a letter which states that in 1303, a merchant from [[Bruges]] was imprisoned in West Friesland near a place called "Hornicwed".<ref name="lesger">{{cite book |last1=Lesger |first1=C.M. |title=Hoorn als stedelijk knooppunt: stedensystemen tijdens de late middeleeuwen en vroegmoderne tijd |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4RVs9sixhhsC&pg=PA24 |publisher=Uitgeverij Verloren |access-date=29 March 2020 |page=24 |language=nl |date=1990|isbn=9070403277 }}</ref> This phrase – although it is uncertain whether it actually refers to Hoorn – is a [[Compound (linguistics)|compound]] of the [[Middle Dutch]] words {{Lang|dum|hornic}}, meaning "corner", and {{Lang|dum|wed}}, meaning "shallow water".<ref>{{cite web |title=Hornic – Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek |url=http://gtb.inl.nl/iWDB/search?actie=article&wdb=MNW&id=18116 |website=De Geïntegreerde Taalbank |publisher=Instituut voor de Nederlandse taal |access-date=29 March 2020 |language=nl}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Wedde – Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek |url=http://gtb.inl.nl/iWDB/search?actie=article&wdb=MNW&id=71035 |website=De Geïntegreerde Taalbank |publisher=Instituut voor de Nederlandse Taal |access-date=29 March 2020 |language=nl}}</ref> It is likely that the name Hoorn was indeed derived from Middle Dutch {{Lang|dum|hornic}}, or simply {{Lang|dum|horn}}, and that the city was named for its location in a sharp [[Bight (geography)|bight]] of (the former) [[Lake Flevo]].<ref name="etym-bank"/><ref name="halma"/>

As a descendant of the reconstructed [[Proto-Germanic]] ''[[:wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hurnijǭ|*hurnijǭ]]'', the name Hoorn is a cognate with [[Danish language|Danish]] and [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]] {{Lang|da|hjørne}}, [[Icelandic language|Icelandic]] {{Lang|is|horn}}, [[Swedish language|Swedish]] {{Lang|sv|hörn(a)}}, and [[West Frisian language|West Frisian]] {{Lang|fy|herne}}, which have all preserved the meaning of "corner".<ref name="etym-bank"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Horn (in het water uitspringende hoek land) |url=http://www.etymologiebank.nl/trefwoord/horn1 |website=etymologiebank.nl |access-date=29 March 2020 |language=nl}}</ref> In [[Dutch language|Modern Dutch]], however, the word {{Lang|nl|hoorn}} translates to "horn", both in an [[Horn (acoustic)|acoustic]] and [[Horn (anatomy)|anatomical]] sense.

==History==
{{Historical populations
|title       = Historical population
|align       = left
|percentages = pagr
|source      = {{Harvnb|Lourens|Lucassen|1997|pp=62–63}}
|1398|3800
|1514|5400
|1550|8000
|1622|14139
|1632|13500
|1732|12000
|1795|9551
}}
[[File:Gezicht op Hoorn van Hendrick Cornelisz Vroom 1622 Westfries Museum Hoorn.jpg|thumb|230px|{{Lang|nl|Gezicht op Hoorn}} (1622) by [[Hendrick Cornelisz Vroom]]]]
[[File:Hoorn - Blaeu 1649.jpg|thumb|230px|Map of Hoorn (1649) by [[Joan Blaeu]]]]

=== Early history ===
In the beginning of the eighth century, the threat of [[Vikings|Viking]] raids led to unrest in the [[Frisian Kingdom]], causing many people to leave their hometowns and settle elsewhere.<ref name="vdknaap"/> Following this example, Hornus – a bastard son of [[Redbad, King of the Frisians|Redbad]] – allegedly moved westward along with his companions and, in 719, built a settlement west of the river [[Vlie]], which he named after himself.<ref name="vdknaap"/> This legendary settlement did not exist for long, as it burnt down only a few years later.<ref name="vdknaap"/>

In the Late Middle Ages, the site of present-day Hoorn was a [[swamp]]y area that was not at all suitable for [[agriculture]], as opposed to the more [[Soil fertility|fertile]] inland.<ref name="halma" /><ref name="oudhoorn">{{Cite web|title=Hoorn in de Middeleeuwen|url=https://www.oudhoorn.nl/bibliotheek/digitaal/hoorn_in_de_middeleeuwen/hoorn_in_de_middeleeuwen_002.php|access-date=23 June 2020|website=Vereniging Oud Hoorn}}</ref> Here, overproduction of [[dairy product]]s led to the establishment of a [[marketplace]] within the domain of [[Zwaag]], where excesses could be traded for other goods.<ref name="oudhoorn" /> This marketplace was located near a [[sluice]] in the river Gouw, which was the most convenient passage into the [[Zuiderzee]] for the surrounding villages.<ref name="oudhoorn" />

The marketplace attracted many foreign traders, most notably from [[Hamburg]] and [[Bremen]], who came to sell their goods (mostly [[beer]]) to the local population in return for [[butter]] and [[cheese]].<ref name="oudhoorn" /> This also brought three brothers from Hamburg to the area, who recognized its convenient location and decided to each build an [[inn]] near the marketplace to increase the sale of their beers.<ref name="chroniick">{{Cite book|last=Velius|first=Theodorus|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jfRjAAAAcAAJ&q=herbergen%20hoorn%201316&pg=PA11-IA20|title=Chroniick van Hoorn, daer in verhaelt werden des selven Stadts eerste begin, opcomen, en gedenckweerdige geschiedenissen, tot op den jare 1630|publisher=Isaac Willemsz.|year=1648|location=Hoorn|pages=3|language=nl}}</ref> The construction of these buildings was completed in 1316 and led to the expansion of the settlement, as more merchants from [[Northern Germany]] and [[Denmark]] now visited the place to trade.<ref name="halma" /><ref name="chroniick" /> As a result, the settlement quickly developed into a village, which was then given the name of Hoorn.<ref name="halma" /> The town officially became a city in 1357, when Hoorn was awarded [[City rights in the Low Countries|city rights]] by [[William I, Duke of Bavaria|William V]], [[Count of Holland]], after a lump sum payment of 1,550 [[Écu|schilden]].<ref name="WG-Historie" />{{refn|group=lower-alpha|name=Cox|The exact date on which Hoorn received its city rights is debatable. At the time, each year began on [[Holy Saturday]] rather than 1 January. The original certificate states that the city rights were granted "in the year (…) 1356, on the Sunday after [[Feast of the Annunciation|Our Lady's Day]]”, which corresponds to 26 March 1357 on the [[Gregorian calendar]]. However, the same certificate also states that the city rights were granted by “[[William I, Duke of Bavaria|William]], Duke of Bavaria, Count of Holland and Zeeland, Lord of Friesland, and {{Lang|nl|[[Heir apparent|Verbeider]]}} of Hainaut". As his title changed to Count of Hainaut when his mother, the [[Margaret II, Countess of Hainaut|Countess of Hainaut]], died on 23 June 1356, it has been argued that Hoorn must have received its city rights one year earlier, on 26 March 1356.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Cox |first1=Joost C.M. |title=Stedelijke trots en stadsrechtvieringen |journal=Holland, Historisch Tijdschrift |date=2006 |volume=38 |issue=2 |pages=63–75 |url=http://tijdschriftholland.nl/wp-content/uploads/Holland2006_2web.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918120322/http://tijdschriftholland.nl/wp-content/uploads/Holland2006_2web.pdf |archive-date=2018-09-18 |url-status=live |access-date=6 April 2019 |language=nl}}</ref> Nonetheless, the city of Hoorn celebrated its 600 and 650 year anniversary in 1957 and 2007 respectively.}}

=== The Dutch Revolt ===
The revolution in Hoorn occurred without bloodshed. The town’s middle classes, after a futile attempt to assert Hoorn’s wish to garrison neither the [[Army of Flanders|Spanish army]] nor the rebel [[Geuzen|Sea Beggars]], and after much debate, voted to open the city’s gates to the Beggars. By that time, Hoorn had already been flanked by the Beggar control of nearby [[Enkhuizen]] and [[Medemblik]], and many rebellious exiles from earlier troubles returned to influence the town’s politics.<ref>{{cite book |title=Treason in the Northern Quarter: War, Terror, and the Rule of Law in the Dutch Revolt |last=van Nierop |first=Henk |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=2009 |pages=63-67}}</ref>

=== Dutch Golden Age ===
Hoorn rapidly grew to become a major port city and a prosperous center of trade, which flourished during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, also known as the [[Dutch Golden Age]].<ref name="WG-Historie" /> It was the seat of the [[States of Holland and West Friesland|Committed Councils of West Friesland and the Noorderkwartier]] ({{Langx|nl|Gecommitteerde Raden}}) from 1573 to 1795, and the seat of the [[Admiralty of the Noorderkwartier]] from 1589 to 1795, together with [[Enkhuizen]].<ref name="WG-Historie" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Admiraliteit in het Noorderkwartier (1589-1795)|url=http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/repertoriumambtsdragersambtenaren1428-1861/app/instellingen/88/|access-date=28 June 2020|website=Huygens ING}}</ref> Furthermore, the city was an important home base for the [[Dutch East India Company]] (VOC), the [[Dutch West India Company]] (WIC) and the [[Noordsche Compagnie]].<ref name="WG-Historie" />

The city's fleet plied the seven seas and returned laden with precious commodities from the [[East Indies]]. Exotic spices such as [[black pepper|pepper]], [[nutmeg]], [[cloves]] and [[mace (spice)|mace]] were sold at vast profits.<ref name="WG-Historie" /> With their skill in trade and seafaring, sons of Hoorn established the city's name far and wide. In 1619, [[Jan Pieterszoon Coen]] (1587–1629), controversial for his violent raids in [[Southeast Asia]], "founded" the capital of the [[Dutch East Indies]], which he intended to name New Hoorn at first, though it was later decided that its name would be [[Batavia, Dutch East Indies|Batavia]] (present-day [[Jakarta]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://historiek.net/jan-pieterszoon-coen-1587-1629/5545/|title=Jan Pieterszoon Coen (1587-1629) – Stichter van Batavia|date=21 August 2015|website=Historiek|language=nl|access-date=17 March 2019}}</ref> A statue of Coen was placed on the city's central square [[Roode Steen]] in 1893.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.volkskrant.nl/nieuws-achtergrond/omstreden-standbeeld-j-p-coen-van-sokkel-gevallen~b01456ca/|title=Omstreden standbeeld J.P. Coen van sokkel gevallen|date=16 August 2011|work=De Volkskrant|access-date=17 March 2019|language=nl-NL}}</ref> In 1616, the explorer [[Willem Schouten]], together with [[Jacob Le Maire]], braved furious storms as he rounded the southernmost tip of [[South America]]. He named it {{Lang|nl|Kaap Hoorn}} ([[Cape Horn]]) in honor of his home town.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.netherlands-tourism.com/hoorn/|title=Hoorn|last=M|first=Jan|website=Netherlands Tourism|date=11 March 2014 |language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-12}}</ref>

=== Eighteenth century to present ===
[[File:Exterieur OVERZICHT - Hoorn - 20262990 - RCE.jpg|thumb|230px|[[Roode Steen]] in 1975]]
Hoorn's fortunes declined somewhat in the eighteenth century. The prosperous trading port became little more than a sleepy fishing village on the Zuiderzee.<ref name="WG-Historie" /> Following [[French period|Napoleonic occupation]], there was a period during which the town gradually turned its back on the sea.<ref name="WG-Historie" /> It developed to become a regional center of trade, mainly serving the smaller villages of West Friesland.<ref name="WG-Historie" /> Stallholders and shopkeepers devoted themselves to the sale of dairy products and seeds.<ref name="WG-Historie" /> After the introduction of [[Rail transport|railways]] and [[metalled road]]s in the late nineteenth century, Hoorn rapidly took its place as a conveniently located and easily accessible hub in the network of towns and villages of North Holland. In 1932, the [[Afsluitdijk]] was completed, and Hoorn was no longer a seaport.

The years after [[World War II]] saw a period of renewed growth.<ref name="WG-Historie" /> At the center of a flourishing [[Horticulture|horticultural]] region, the city developed a highly varied and dynamic economy.<ref name="WG-Historie" /> In the 1970s, Hoorn was designated as an "overflow" city ({{Lang|nl|groeikern}}) by the Dutch government to relieve pressure on the overcrowded [[Randstad]] region.<ref name="WG-Historie" /> As a consequence, thousands of people swapped their cramped little [[apartment]]s in Amsterdam for a family house with a garden in one of Hoorn's newly developed residential areas.<ref name="WG-Historie" />

== Geography ==
[[File:Gem-Hoorn-OpenTopo.jpg|thumb|230px|Topographic map of Hoorn (2019)]]
Hoorn is located in the east of the [[Noorderkwartier|North Holland peninsula]], on the northwestern shore of the [[Markermeer]] – the second largest freshwater lake of the Netherlands. The city occupies an arc of land in the south of [[West Friesland (region)|West Friesland]] at the northernmost end of a small [[bay]] named [[Hoornse Hop]]. The landscape of Hoorn is mostly flat and the only elevated areas are the dikes on the southern outskirts of the city. The municipality is part of the [[safety region]] {{Ill|Noord-Holland Noord|nl|Veiligheidsregio Noord-Holland-Noord}} and the [[Water board (Netherlands)|water board]] {{Ill|Hoogheemraadschap Hollands Noorderkwartier|lt=Hollands Noorderkwartier|nl}}.

The harbor was enlarged in the mid-17th century by the construction of a peninsula, the [[Visserseiland]] (to the west of the harbor), and an artificial island, the [[Oostereiland]] (to the east).

=== Climate ===
[[File:Schaatstocht over IJsselmeer tussen Hoorn en Warder. Sneeuwruimer maakt route sn, Bestanddeelnr 931-8822.jpg|thumb|230px|left|[[Tour skating]] from Hoorn to [[Warder, Netherlands|Warder]] over a frozen Markermeer (1981)]]
Hoorn has an [[oceanic climate]] (Köppen: [[Köppen climate classification#Cfb: Oceanic climates|Cfb]]) strongly influenced by its proximity to the [[North Sea]] to the west, with prevailing westerly winds. Both winters and summers are considered mild, although winters can get quite cold, while summers are quite warm occasionally.

Hoorn, as well as most of the North Holland province, lies in [[Hardiness zone|USDA hardiness zone]] 8b. Frosts mainly occur during spells of easterly or northeasterly winds from the inner [[European continent]]. Even then, because Hoorn is surrounded on three sides by large bodies of water, nights rarely fall far below {{convert|0|°C|0}}.

Summers are moderately warm with a number of hot days every month. The average daily high in August is {{convert|21.6|°C|1}}, and {{convert|30|°C}} or higher is only measured on 1.8 days per year on average (2009–2018),<ref name="Weer">{{cite web|url=http://weergegevens.nl/averages.aspx?jaar=2019&maand=1&dag=1&jaar2=2019&maand2=1&dag2=31&station=249 |title=Gemiddelden en extremen Berkhout |publisher=Weergegevens.nl |language=nl |access-date=23 March 2019}}</ref> placing Hoorn in [[Hardiness zone#American Horticultural Society heat zones|AHS heat zone]] 2. It is also common to have at least a couple of snowy days each year.

The [[Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute]] has one of its [[weather station]]s located in [[Berkhout]], a village situated west of Hoorn. Climatological data from this station can be found in the table below. The record extremes range from {{convert|-21.9|°C}} to {{convert|34.6|°C}}. The average annual precipitation is {{convert|855.5|mm|0}}.

{{clear}}
{{Weather box
|location = [[Berkhout]]
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
| Jan record high C = 14.8
| Feb record high C = 18.0
| Mar record high C = 22.3
| Apr record high C = 27.1
| May record high C = 29.8
| Jun record high C = 32.5
| Jul record high C = 35.7
| Aug record high C = 33.0
| Sep record high C = 29.7
| Oct record high C = 25.0
| Nov record high C = 19.1
| Dec record high C = 15.8
|year record high C = 35.7
| Jan high C = 5.5
| Feb high C = 5.9
| Mar high C = 9.1
| Apr high C = 12.9
| May high C = 17.0
| Jun high C = 19.2
| Jul high C = 21.6
| Aug high C = 21.6
| Sep high C = 18.4
| Oct high C = 14.2
| Nov high C = 9.5
| Dec high C = 6.2
|year high C = 13.4
| Jan mean C = 3.2
| Feb mean C = 3.3
| Mar mean C = 5.7
| Apr mean C = 8.8
| May mean C = 12.7
| Jun mean C = 15.1
| Jul mean C = 17.5
| Aug mean C = 17.4
| Sep mean C = 14.6
| Oct mean C = 11.0
| Nov mean C = 7.0
| Dec mean C = 3.9
|year mean C = 10.0
| Jan low C = 0.7
| Feb low C = 0.6
| Mar low C = 2.6
| Apr low C = 4.6
| May low C = 8.2
| Jun low C = 10.8
| Jul low C = 13.2
| Aug low C = 13.1
| Sep low C = 10.7
| Oct low C = 7.8
| Nov low C = 4.3
| Dec low C = 1.5
|year low C = 6.5
| Jan record low C = -15.4
| Feb record low C = -21.9
| Mar record low C = -18.7
| Apr record low C = -6.5
| May record low C = -1.7
| Jun record low C = 3.5
| Jul record low C = 6.7
| Aug record low C = 6.3
| Sep record low C = 2.2
| Oct record low C = -4.4
| Nov record low C = -6.7
| Dec record low C = -10.0
|year record low C = -21.9
|precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 74.9
| Feb precipitation mm = 58.1
| Mar precipitation mm = 51.1
| Apr precipitation mm = 43.3
| May precipitation mm = 56.0
| Jun precipitation mm = 49.5
| Jul precipitation mm = 76.0
| Aug precipitation mm = 108.8
| Sep precipitation mm = 78.1
| Oct precipitation mm = 87.2
| Nov precipitation mm = 85.4
| Dec precipitation mm = 87.1
|Jan humidity = 88
|Feb humidity = 85
|Mar humidity = 84
|Apr humidity = 79
|May humidity = 78
|Jun humidity = 79
|Jul humidity = 79
|Aug humidity = 81
|Sep humidity = 84
|Oct humidity = 86
|Nov humidity = 88
|Dec humidity = 89
| Jan sun = 71.5
| Feb sun = 98.4
| Mar sun = 152.7
| Apr sun = 208.5
| May sun = 240.4
| Jun sun = 224.5
| Jul sun = 233.9
| Aug sun = 202.5
| Sep sun = 162.7
| Oct sun = 125.0
| Nov sun = 67.9
| Dec sun = 59.4
|source 1 = [[Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute]] (1981–2010 normals, relative humidity)<ref>
{{cite web
  |       url = http://www.klimaatatlas.nl/tabel/stationsdata/klimtab_8110_249.pdf
  |     title = Berkhout, langjarige gemiddelden, tijdvak 1981–2010
  | publisher = [[Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute]]
  |  language = nl
  |access-date = 23 March 2019
}}</ref>
|source 2 = Weergegevens.nl (2000–2019 extremes, precipitation, sunshine hours)<ref name="Weer"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://weergegevens.nl/extremes_mon.aspx?station=249&extreem=X_TX |title=Maandrecords Berkhout |publisher=Weergegevens.nl |language=nl |access-date=23 March 2019 }}</ref>
}}

=== Districts ===
The municipality of Hoorn consists of the city of Hoorn (postal codes 1620–1628) and the villages of [[Zwaag]] (postal code 1689) and [[Blokker, Netherlands|Blokker]] (postal code 1695), which are further divided into the following districts:<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wijken, buurten en woonplaatsen in Hoorn|url=https://allecijfers.nl/gemeente-overzicht/hoorn/|access-date=7 September 2020|website=AlleCijfers.nl|language=nl}}</ref>

[[File:Hoorn Districts.svg|thumb|300px|Districts of Hoorn]]
{| class="sortable wikitable plainrowheaders"
! scope="col" |No.
! scope="col" width="180px" |District
! scope="col" |Population <small>(2019)</small>
! scope="col" |[[Postal codes in the Netherlands|Postal code]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |1
|'''Binnenstad''' (city center)
|5,570
|1621
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |2
|'''Grote Waal'''
|7,680
|1622
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |3
|'''Venenlaankwartier'''
|2,575
|1623
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |4
|'''Hoorn-Noord'''
|5,460
|1624
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |5
|'''[[Risdam|Risdam-Zuid]]'''
|8,555
| rowspan="2" |1625
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |6
|'''[[Risdam|Nieuwe Steen]]'''
|1,250
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |7
|'''Hoorn 80'''
|10
|1627
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |8
|'''Kersenboogerd-Zuid'''
|16,965
| rowspan="2" |1628
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |9
|'''Kersenboogerd-Noord'''
|3,945
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |10
|'''[[Risdam|Risdam-Noord]]'''
|7,840
| rowspan="3" |1689
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |11
|'''[[Zwaag]]'''
|3,145
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |12
|'''Zevenhuis'''
|0
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |13
|'''Bangert en Oosterpolder'''
|6,165
|1689, 1695
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" |14
|'''[[Blokker, Netherlands|Westerblokker]]'''
|3,815
|1695
|}

== Culture ==
[[File:20180719 079 hoorn.jpg|thumb|230px|Hoofdtoren]]
[[File:Nederland Hoorn 02.jpg|thumb|230px|Grote Kerk (left) and Koepelkerk]]

=== Architecture ===
Many of the houses in the historical city center date back to the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, especially in the area north of the harbor. Other notable buildings include:

* [[Hoofdtoren]] (1464), the former harbor control tower
* Maria-/Kruittoren (1508), a tower built in late [[Gothic architecture|gothic style]] as part of the [[city wall]]
* Oosterpoort (1578), the only remaining [[city gate]]
*[[Waag, Hoorn|Waag]] (1609), [[weigh house]] at the junction of Grote Oost and [[Roode Steen]]
* [[Statenlogement]] (1613), former city hall
* Burgerweeshuis (1620), the former [[orphanage]] in the Korte Achterstraat
* Statencollege (1632), which houses the [[Westfries Museum]]
* Koepelkerk (1882), a [[Basilicas in the Catholic Church|Roman Catholic basilica]]
* Claes Stapelhof (1682), a [[hofje]]

Hoorn has notable modern buildings as well, such as:
* [[Schouwburg Het Park]], a [[Theater (structure)|theater]] and congress center that was opened on 25 June 2004 by [[Queen Beatrix]]. The opening was delayed, as the [[fly tower]] collapsed in the night of 20 April 2001 due to faulty construction work.

=== Museums ===
Notable museums in Hoorn include:
* [[Westfries Museum]]
* [[Museum of the 20th Century]] (on the [[Oostereiland]])

===Cemeteries===
*[[Jewish cemetery, Hoorn]]

== Local government ==
[[File:Entree aan de voorzijde Stadhuis Hoorn.JPG|thumb|230px|The [[Town hall|city hall]] of Hoorn]]

=== Municipal council ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:right"
|+Election results
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Party
! colspan="2" |[[2014 Dutch municipal elections|2014]]
! colspan="2" |[[2018 Dutch municipal elections|2018]]
! colspan="2" |[[2022 Dutch municipal elections|2022]]
|-
! width="40px" |%
! width="40px" |Seats
! width="40px" |%
! width="40px" |Seats
! width="40px" |%
! width="40px" |Seats
|-
| style="text-align:left" |Fractie Tonnaer
| style="text-align:center" |FT
|4.93
|2
|10.33
|4
|14.59
|5
|-
| style="text-align:left" |Hoorn Lokaal
| style="text-align:center" |HL
|2.48
|1
|4.36
|1
|11.25
|4
|-
| style="text-align:left" |[[GroenLinks]]
| style="text-align:center" |GL
|8.77
|3
|10.97
|4
|10.21
|4
|-
| style="text-align:left" |ÉénHoorn
| style="text-align:center" |1H
|—
|—
|—
|—
|10.15
|4
|-
| style="text-align:left" |[[Christian Democratic Appeal]]
| style="text-align:center" |CDA
|9.48
|3
|10.35
|4
|9.79
|3
|-
| style="text-align:left" |[[People's Party for Freedom and Democracy]]
| style="text-align:center" |VVD
|10.35
|4
|12.92
|5
|9.13
|3
|-
| style="text-align:left" |[[Democrats 66]]
| style="text-align:center" |D66
|10.49
|4
|7.46
|3
|7.95
|3
|-
| style="text-align:left" |[[Labour Party (Netherlands)|Labour Party]]
| style="text-align:center" |PvdA
|14.69
|5
|9.12
|3
|7.84
|3
|-
| style="text-align:left" |Sociaal Hoorn
| style="text-align:center" |SH
|—
|—
|5.74
|2
|6.70
|2
|-
| style="text-align:left" |Liberaal Hoorn
| style="text-align:center" |LH
|—
|—
|—
|—
|6.39
|2
|-
| style="text-align:left" |De Realistische Partij
| style="text-align:center" |DRP
|—
|—
|2.81
|1
|3.51
|1
|-
| style="text-align:left" |[[Christian Union (Netherlands)|Christian Union]]
| style="text-align:center" |CU
|—
|—
|2.79
|1
|2.48
|1
|-
| style="text-align:left" |Hoornse Onafhankelijke Partij
| style="text-align:center" |HOP
|7.36
|2
|7.03
|2
|—
|—
|-
| style="text-align:left" |V.O.C. Hoorn
| style="text-align:center" |VOC
|7.88
|3
|6.76
|2
|—
|—
|-
| style="text-align:left" |Hoornse Senioren Partij
| style="text-align:center" |HSP
|5.32
|2
|5.01
|2
|—
|—
|-
| style="text-align:left" |Hoorns Belang
| style="text-align:center" |HB
|5.24
|2
|4.35
|1
|—
|—
|-
| style="text-align:left" |[[Socialist Party (Netherlands)|Socialist Party]]
| style="text-align:center" |SP
|12.02
|4
|—
|—
|—
|—
|-
| style="text-align:left" |Hoorn+
| style="text-align:center" |H+
|0.99
|0
|—
|—
|—
|—
|-
! colspan="2" scope="row" |'''Total'''
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |'''100.0'''
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |'''35'''
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |'''100.0'''
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |'''35'''
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |'''100.0'''
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |'''35'''
|}

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|+Current composition
! width="290px" |Party
!Seats
|-
|Fractie Tonnaer
| style="text-align:right" |5
|-
| style="background:navajowhite" |Hoorn Lokaal †
| style="background:navajowhite;text-align:right" |4
|-
| style="background:navajowhite" |[[GroenLinks]] †
| style="background:navajowhite;text-align:right" |4
|-
| style="background:navajowhite" |ÉénHoorn †
| style="background:navajowhite;text-align:right" |4
|-
| style="background:navajowhite" |[[Christian Democratic Appeal]] †
| style="background:navajowhite;text-align:right" |3
|-
| style="background:navajowhite" |[[People's Party for Freedom and Democracy]] †
| style="background:navajowhite;text-align:right" |3
|-
| style="background:navajowhite" |[[Democrats 66]] †
| style="background:navajowhite;text-align:right" |3
|-
|[[Labour Party (Netherlands)|Labour Party]]
| style="text-align:right" |3
|-
|Sociaal Hoorn
| style="text-align:right" |2
|-
|Liberaal Hoorn
| style="text-align:right" |2
|-
|De Realistische Partij
| style="text-align:right" |1
|-
|[[Christian Union (Netherlands)|Christian Union]]
| style="text-align:right" |1
|-
! scope="row" |{{color box|navajowhite|†}} Coalition
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |21
|-
! scope="row" |Opposition
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |14
|-
! scope="row" |'''Total'''
! scope="row" style="text-align:right" |'''35'''
|}
=== Municipal executive ===
As of 16 June 2022, the [[municipal executive]] of Hoorn consists of:<ref>{{cite web |title=Nieuwe wethouders Hoorn geïnstalleerd |url=https://www.hoornsdagblad.nl/gemeente/nieuwe-wethouders-hoorn-genstalleerd |website=Hoornsdagblad.nl |access-date=21 June 2022 |language=nl |date=17 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=College van B & W |url=https://www.hoorn.nl/college |website=Gemeente Hoorn |access-date=21 June 2022 |language=nl}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"
! colspan="2" |[[Mayor#Netherlands|Mayor]]
!Portfolio
!Party
|-
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Labour Party (Netherlands)}}"|
|Jan Nieuwenburg
|Public Security, Regional Cooperation and Public Affairs
|[[Labour Party (Netherlands)|PvdA]]
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Wethouder|Aldermen]]
!Portfolio
!Party
|-
| style="color:inherit;background:#008EBE" |
|René Assendelft
|Education, Harbors, Traffic and Transportation
|HL
|-
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|GroenLinks}}"|
|Axel Boomgaars
|Finance, Income, Culture and Diversity
|[[GroenLinks|GL]]
|-
| style="color:inherit;background:#C1001F" |
|Karin Hakhoff
|Poverty Alleviation, Social Support, Elderly and Welfare
|1H
|-
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Christian Democratic Appeal (2021)}}" |
|Dick Bennis
|Public Space, Environment, Neighborhood Affairs and Sport
|[[Christian Democratic Appeal|CDA]]
|-
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (2020)}}" |
|Marjon van der Ven
|Housing, Urban Development and Public Health
|[[People's Party for Freedom and Democracy|VVD]]
|-
| style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Democrats 66}}" |
|Arthur Helling
|Economic Affairs, Tourism, Spatial Planning and Sustainability
|[[Democrats 66|D66]]
|}

== Transport ==
[[File:20180719 276 hoorn.jpg|thumb|240px|Hoorn railway station]]

=== Railways ===
Hoorn is connected to the [[Dutch railway network]] and has two train stations: [[Hoorn railway station|Hoorn]] and [[Hoorn Kersenboogerd railway station|Hoorn Kersenboogerd]]. From these stations, it is possible to travel in the directions of [[Enkhuizen]], [[Alkmaar]] and [[Amsterdam]]. It is also the starting point of the [[Hoorn–Medemblik heritage railway]].

=== Roads ===
The [[A7 motorway (Netherlands)|A7]] motorway, which runs from [[Zaandam]] to the German border via the [[Afsluitdijk]], passes along Hoorn. The exit Hoorn North connects to the provincial road [[Provincial road N302 (Netherlands)|N302]], also called {{Lang|nl|Westfrisiaweg}}, which runs from Hoorn to [[Lelystad]] via the [[Houtribdijk]].

== Notable people ==
=== Born ===
The following is a list of notable people who were born in Hoorn:

==== Public figures ====
{{colbegin|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Hadrianus Junius]] (1511–1575), humanist
* [[Cornelis Cort]] (ca. 1533 – ca. 1578), engraver
* [[Rombout Hogerbeets]] (1561–1625), jurist
* [[Willem Schouten]] (ca. 1567–1625), explorer
* [[Jonas Michaelius]] (1577 – after 1638), clergyman
* [[Cornelius Jacobsen May]] (ca. 1580 – after 1624), explorer
* [[Willem Bontekoe]] (1587–1657), explorer
* [[Jan Pieterszoon Coen]] (1587–1629), colonial administrator
* [[Jacques Waben]] (ca. 1590 – ca. 1634), painter
* [[Pieter Anthoniszoon Overtwater]] (ca. 1610–1682), merchant
* [[Birgitta Durell]] (1619–1683), Swedish industrialist
* [[Pieter Coopse]] ({{Circa|1640}}–1673), painter and draughtsman
* [[Jacob Rotius]] (1644–1681), painter
* [[Martinus Houttuyn]] (1720–1798), botanist
* [[Adrianus Bleijs]] (1842–1912), architect
* [[Johan Messchaert]] (1857–1922), singer
* [[Aaf Bouber]] (1885–1974), actress
* [[Maria Elizabeth van Ebbenhorst Tengbergen]] (1885–1980), composer
* [[Bart Bok]] (1906–1983), American astronomer
* [[Anton Quintana]] (1937–2017), writer
* [[Corine Rottschäfer]] (1938–2020), model<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nos.nl/artikel/2349637-nederlands-eerste-miss-world-corine-spier-rottschafer-overleden.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924110556/https://nos.nl/artikel/2349637-nederlands-eerste-miss-world-corine-spier-rottschafer-overleden.html |title=Nederlands eerste Miss World Corine Spier-Rottschäfer overleden |language=nl |website=NOS |date=24 September 2020 |archive-date=24 September 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Martin Brozius]] (1941–2009), actor
* [[George Baker (Dutch singer)|George Baker]] (born 1944), singer
* [[Cees Renckens]] (born 1946), physician
* [[Joop van Wijk]] (born 1950), director
* [[Simone van der Vlugt]] (born 1966), writer
* [[Ron Blaauw (chef)|Ron Blaauw]] (1967), chef
* [[Richard Tol]] (born 1969), economist
* [[Jan van Steenbergen]] (born 1970), linguist
* [[Maria Barnas]] (born 1973), writer and poet
* [[Wytske Postma]] (born 1977), politician
* [[Marieke Vellinga-Beemsterboer]] (born 1986), politician
* [[Tim Knol]] (born 1989), singer-songwriter
* [[S10 (singer)|Stien den Hollander]] (born 2000), singer and rapper
{{colend}}

==== Sportspeople ====
{{colbegin|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Johannes van Hoolwerff]] (1878–1962), Olympic sailor
* [[Frans Hoek]] (born 1956), football player
* [[Ruud Heus]] (born 1961), football player
* [[Stephan van den Berg]] (born 1962), Olympic windsurfer
* [[Silvan Inia]] (born 1969), football player
* [[Frank de Boer]] (born 1970), football player
* [[Ronald de Boer]] (born 1970), football player
* [[Minouche Smit]] (born 1975), swimmer
* [[Marja Vis]] (born 1977), speed skater
* [[Marcelien de Koning]] (born 1978), Olympic sailor
* [[Vera Koedooder]] (born 1983), racing cyclist
* [[Coen de Koning (sailor)|Coen de Koning]] (born 1983), Olympic sailor
* [[Tine Veenstra]] (born 1983), bobsledder
* [[Adrie Visser]] (born 1983), track cyclist
* [[Wil Besseling]] (born 1985), golfer
* [[Willemijn Karsten]] (born 1986), handball player
* [[Robert Krabbendam]] (born 1986), basketball player
* [[Pim Ligthart]] (born 1988), road cyclist
* [[Ruud Vormer]] (born 1988), football player
* [[Maikel van der Werff]] (born 1989), football player
* [[Roland Alberg]] (born 1990), football player
* [[Nadine Broersen]] (born 1990), track and field athlete
* [[Marco Bizot]] (born 1991), football player
* [[Lorenzo Ebecilio]] (born 1991), football player
* [[Nicole Koolhaas]] (born 1991), volleyball player
* [[Brandley Kuwas]] (born 1992), football player
* [[Sonny Stevens]] (born 1992), football player
* [[Paul Kok]] (born 1994), football player
* [[Bas Schouten]] (born 1994), racing driver
* [[Nadine Visser]] (born 1995), track athlete
* [[Inessa Kaagman]] (born 1996), football player
* [[Maaike Boogaard]] (born 1998), racing cyclist
* [[Dani de Wit]] (born 1998), football player
* [[Dagmar Boom]] (born 2000), volleyball player
* [[Kenzo Goudmijn]] (born 2001), football player
* [[Sontje Hansen]] (born 2002), football player
{{colend}}

=== Residing ===
The following is a list of people who were born elsewhere, but are notable (former) residents of Hoorn:
{{colbegin|colwidth=30em}}
* [[David Pietersz. de Vries]] (ca. 1593–1655), explorer
* [[Andreas Cellarius]] (1596–1665), cartographer
* [[Jan Albertsz Rotius]] (1624–1666), painter
* [[Miep Gies]] (1909–2010), helper of the [[Anne Frank|Frank family]]
* [[Edgar Vos]] (1931–2010), fashion designer
* [[Milly Scott]] (born 1933), singer and actress
* [[Bonnie St. Claire]] (born 1949), singer
* [[Ernesto Hoost]] (born 1965), kickboxer
* [[Sylvana Simons]] (born 1971), presenter and politician
* [[Steven van Weyenberg]] (born 1973), politician
* [[Lobke Berkhout]] (born 1980), Olympic sailor
* [[Dean Saunders (singer)|Dean Saunders]] (born 1981), singer
* [[Ben Saunders (singer)|Ben Saunders]] (born 1983), singer
{{colend}}

== International relations ==
=== Partner cities ===
Hoorn is [[Sister city|twinned]] with the following cities and municipalities:
* {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Beersel]], Belgium (since 1968){{refn|group=lower-alpha|Initiated by Blokker and [[Lot, Belgium|Lot]], before they merged into their respective municipalities in the 1970s.}}
* {{flagicon|Czech Republic}} [[Příbram]], Czech Republic (since 1992)

=== Friendships ===
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[Lewes, Delaware]], United States
: Lewes was the site of the first European settlement in [[Delaware]]: a [[whaling]] and trading post that Dutch settlers led by [[David Pieterszoon de Vries]] established in 1631 and named [[Zwaanendael]].<ref>Munroe, John A. ''Colonial Delaware: A History''. [[Millwood, New York]]: KTO Press; 1978; pp. 9–12.</ref> Upon their arrival in the [[Delaware Bay]], they entered a [[Kill (body of water)|kill]] which De Vries named "Hoornkill" after his hometown Hoorn.<ref>Vincent, Francis. [https://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/moa/AFJ8623.0001.001/132 ''A history of the state of Delaware'']. [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]]: J. Campbell; 1870; pp. 130.</ref> Nowadays, the city's [[Zwaanendael Museum]] is located in a replica of the Statenlogement, the former city hall of Hoorn. Although Hoorn and Lewes have never officially been partner cities, there is close informal relationship between the two towns. Delegations from Hoorn and Lewes have visited each other's cities in light of Lewes's 375th and Hoorn's 650th anniversary in 2006 and 2007 respectively.<ref name="Hoorngids2007">{{cite web
 |title=Horinezen bij feestje in Lewes, USA
 |publisher=Hoorngids
 |url=https://www.hoorngids.nl/nw-7951-7-40390/nieuws/horinezen_bij_feestje_in_lewes_usa.html
 |date=26 April 2006
 |access-date=10 April 2018
 |language=nl}}</ref>

* {{flagicon|Malaysia}} [[Malacca City]], Malaysia (since 1989)
: In 1641, the Dutch conquered the [[Dutch Malacca|colony of Malacca]] from the [[Portugal|Portuguese]].<ref>Witt, Dennis de. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150925090623/http://www.dutchmalaysia.net/lang_en/press/article_200105_malacca_a_dutch_conquest_forgotten.html "Malacca, a Dutch conquest forgotten"]. ''The Dutch Courier'' (May 2001). Malaysian Dutch Descendants Project. Retrieved 10 April 2018.</ref> During the Dutch rule, the iconic [[Stadthuys]] was built – a replica of the first city hall of Hoorn, which was demolished in 1797.<ref>{{cite web
 |title=The Stadthuys of Malacca
 |publisher=Holland Focus
 |url=http://www.hollandfocus.com/v2/index.php/magazine/contributors/dennisdewitt/99-dennisdewitt/111-ddwstadthuys
 |date=4 July 2006
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090925172431/http://www.hollandfocus.com/v2/index.php/magazine/contributors/dennisdewitt/99-dennisdewitt/111-ddwstadthuys
 |access-date=10 April 2018|archive-date=25 September 2009
 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Overbeek |first1=Henk |title='t Stadhuys van Hoorn – Hoornse Gevelstenen en andere Huistekens |url=https://www.oudhoorn.nl/bibliotheek/digitaal/hoornse_gevelstenen/hoornse_gevelstenen_207-208.php |website=Vereniging Oud Hoorn |access-date=23 November 2019}}</ref> Hoorn and Malacca became sister cities in 1989, but the partnership was officially ended in 2005.<ref name="Hoorngids2007" /> The cities still maintain an informal relationship as "friendship cities".

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

===Literature===
*{{cite book |last1=Lourens |first1=Piet |last2=Lucassen |first2=Jan |title=Inwonertallen van Nederlandse steden ca. 1300–1800 |year=1997 |place=Amsterdam |publisher=NEHA |isbn=9057420082 }}

==External links==
{{commons category|Hoorn, North Holland}}
{{wikivoyage}}
{{Collier's Poster}}
*[http://www.hoorn.nl Official website]

{{Geographic location
 | Centre    = Hoorn
 | North     = [[Medemblik]]
 | East      = [[Drechterland]]
 | Southeast = [[Lelystad]]
 | South     = [[Almere]]
 | Southwest = [[Edam-Volendam]]
 | West      = [[Koggenland]]
}}
{{North Holland Province}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Hoorn|Hoorn]]
[[Category:Cities in the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Municipalities of North Holland]]
[[Category:Populated places in North Holland]]