View source for House of Welf

{{short description|European royal dynasty}}
{{About||its maternal parent house|Elder House of Welf|its paternal parent house|House of Este|the faction supporting the pope in medieval Italy|Guelphs and Ghibellines}}
{{Royal house
| surname = House of Welf (Guelf, Guelph)
| estate = Brunswick & Hanover
| coat of arms = Coat of Arms of Brunswick-Lüneburg.svg
| parent house = [[House of Este|Este]] ([[agnatic]])<br />[[Elder House of Welf|Elder Welf]] ([[cognatic]])
| country = [[Germany]], [[Italy]], [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland]]
| titles = {{Collapsible list|
*[[Holy Roman Emperor]]
*[[Emperor of Russia]]
*[[Empress of India]]
*[[King of the Romans]]
*[[King of Great Britain]]
*[[King of Ireland]]
*[[King of Italy]]
*[[King of Burgundy]]
*[[King of Hanover]]
*[[King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland]]
*[[Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]]
*[[Duke of Brunswick]]
*[[Duke of Bavaria]]
*[[Duke of Saxony]]
*[[Duke of Spoleto]]
*[[Prince of Lüneburg]]
*[[Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]]
*[[Count Palatine of the Rhine]]
*[[Margrave of Tuscany]]
*[[Elector of Hanover]]
*[[Lord of Mann]]
*[[Count of Paris]]
}}
| founder = [[Welf I, Duke of Bavaria]]
| final ruler = [[Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick]]
| founding year = 8th century
| deposition = 1918 <small>([[German Revolution of 1918–19|in Germany]])</small>
| cadet branches = [[House of Hanover]]
}}

The '''House of Welf''' (also '''Guelf''' or '''Guelph''')<ref>{{cite book|title=Dictionary of World Biography|pages=356|last=Jones|first=B.|author-link=Barry Jones (Australian politician)|location=Canberra, Australia|publisher=[[Australian National University Press]]|year=2013|isbn=9781922144492}}</ref> is a European [[dynasty]] that has included many German and British [[monarch]]s from the 11th to 20th century and Emperor [[Ivan VI of Russia]] in the 18th century. The originally [[Franconia]]n family from the Meuse-Moselle area was closely related to the imperial family of the [[Carolingians]].

==Origins==
The (Younger) House of Welf is the older branch of the [[House of Este]], a dynasty whose earliest known members lived in [[Veneto]] and [[Lombardy]] in the late 9th/early 10th century, sometimes called Welf-Este. The first member was [[Welf I, Duke of Bavaria]], also known as Welf IV. He inherited the property of the [[Elder House of Welf]] when his maternal uncle [[Welf, Duke of Carinthia|Welf III]], Duke of Carinthia and Verona, the last male Welf of the Elder House, died in 1055.

Welf IV was the son of Welf III's sister [[Kunigunde of Altdorf]] and her husband [[Albert Azzo II, Margrave of Milan]]. In 1070, Welf IV became Duke of [[Bavaria]].

[[Welf II, Duke of Bavaria]] married Countess [[Matilda of Tuscany]], who died childless and left him her possessions, including [[Tuscany]], [[Ferrara]], [[Modena]], [[Mantua]], and [[Reggio Emilia|Reggio]], which played a role in the [[Investiture Controversy]]. Since the Welf dynasty sided with the Pope in this controversy, partisans of the Pope came to be known in Italy as Guelphs (''Guelfi'').

The first genealogy of the Welfs is the ''[[Genealogia Welforum]]'', composed shortly before 1126. A much more detailed history of the dynasty, the ''[[Historia Welforum]]'', was composed around 1170. It is the earliest history of a noble house in Germany.

<gallery>
File:Kunigunda Azzo.jpg|[[Kunigunde of Altdorf]], sister of Welf III, wife of [[Albert Azzo II, Margrave of Milan|Albert Azzo II of Este]], Margrave of Milan, parents of Welf IV
File:Wgt Stifterbüchlein 25v.jpg|[[Welf I, Duke of Bavaria]] ({{circa}} 1030/1040 – 1101)
File:WElf.jpg|[[Welf II, Duke of Bavaria]] (1073–1120)
</gallery>

==Bavaria and Saxony==
[[Henry IX, Duke of Bavaria]], from 1120 to 1126, was the first of the three dukes of the Welf dynasty called Henry. His wife [[Wulfhilde of Saxony|Wulfhild]] was the heiress of the house of [[Billung]], possessing the territory around [[Lüneburg]] in Lower Saxony. Their son, [[Henry X, Duke of Bavaria|Henry the Proud]], was the son-in-law and heir of [[Lothair II, Holy Roman Emperor]] and became also [[Duchy of Saxony|Duke of Saxony]] on Lothair's death.

Lothair left his territory around [[Braunschweig|Brunswick]], inherited from his mother of the [[Brunonids]], to his daughter Gertrud. Her husband Henry the Proud became then the favoured candidate in the imperial election against [[Conrad III of Germany|Conrad III]] of the [[Hohenstaufen]]. Henry lost the election, as the other princes feared his power and temperament, and was dispossessed of his duchies by Conrad III.

Henry's brother [[Welf VI]] (1115–1191), Margrave of Tuscany, later left his Swabian territories around Ravensburg, the original possessions of the [[Elder House of Welf]], to his nephew Emperor [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick I]], and thus to the House of Hohenstaufen.
<gallery>
File:Henry IX, Duke of Bavaria.jpg|[[Henry IX, Duke of Bavaria|Henry the Black]], duke of Bavaria (1075–1126) and his wife Wulfhild of [[Billung]]
File:Lev rodice dvojice.jpg|[[Henry X, Duke of Bavaria|Henry the Proud]] (1102–1139), Duke of Bavaria and Saxony, and his wife Gertrud of Saxony, daughter of [[Lothair II, Holy Roman Emperor]], Duke of Saxony
File:Vad-0321 125 Welf VI.jpg|[[Welf VI]] (1115–1191), Margrave of Tuscany
File:Steingaden GO-1.jpg|[[Steingaden Abbey]], Swabia, place of burial of its founder Welf VI (d. 1191)
</gallery>
[[Image:Guelf c12.jpg|thumb|right|200px|The possessions of the Welfs in the days of Henry the Lion]]
The next duke of the Welf dynasty [[Henry the Lion]] (1129/1131–1195) recovered his father's two duchies, Saxony in 1142, Bavaria in 1156 and thus ruled vast parts of Germany. In 1168 he married [[Matilda of England, Duchess of Saxony|Matilda]] (1156–1189), the daughter of [[Henry II of England]] and [[Eleanor of Aquitaine]], and sister of [[Richard I of England]], gaining ever more influence. His first cousin, [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor]] of the Hohenstaufen dynasty, tried to get along with him, but when Henry refused to assist him once more in an Italian war campaign, conflict became inevitable.

Dispossessed of his duchies after the [[Battle of Legnano]] in 1176 by Emperor Frederick I and the other princes of the German Empire eager to claim parts of his vast territories, he was exiled to the court of his father-in-law Henry II in Normandy in 1180. He returned to Germany three years later.

Henry made his peace with the Hohenstaufen Emperor in 1185 and returned to his much diminished lands around Brunswick without recovering his two duchies. Bavaria had been given to [[Otto I, Duke of Bavaria]], and the [[Duchy of Saxony]] was divided between the Archbishop of Cologne, the [[House of Ascania]] and others. Henry died at Brunswick in 1195.
<gallery>
File:Lev Jindrich.jpg|[[Henry the Lion]] (1130–1195), Duke of Bavaria and Saxony
File:Matylda.jpg|[[Matilda of England, Duchess of Saxony|Matilda Plantagenet]] (1156–1189), wife of Henry the Lion, sister of [[Richard I of England]]
File:Burg Dankwarderode am Burgplatz in Braunschweig IMG 2756.jpg|Henry's [[Dankwarderode Castle]] in [[Braunschweig|Brunswick]]
File:Braunschweiger Loewe Original Brunswick Lion.jpg|Henry's [[Brunswick Lion]]
File:Ottta4Brunsvicky.jpg|[[Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor]], son of Henry the Lion and Matilda of England
</gallery>

==Brunswick and Hanover==
Henry the Lion's son, Otto of Brunswick, was elected [[King of the Romans]] and crowned [[Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Holy Roman Emperor Otto IV]] after years of further conflicts with the Hohenstaufen emperors. He incurred the wrath of [[Pope Innocent III]] and was [[excommunicated]] in 1215. Otto was forced to abdicate the imperial throne by the Hohenstaufen [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]].<ref name="Canduci, pg. 294">Canduci, pg. 294</ref> He was the only Welf to become Holy Roman Emperor.

[[File:Brunswijk wapen.svg|thumb|upright=0.7|Coat-of-arms of the [[Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg]]]] 
Henry the Lion's grandson [[Otto the Child]] became duke of a part of Saxony in 1235, the new [[Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg]], and died there in 1252. The duchy was divided several times during the High Middle Ages amongst various lines of the House of Welf. The subordinate states had the legal status of principalities within the duchy, which remained as an undivided imperial [[fief]]. Each state was generally named after the ruler's residence, e.g., the rulers of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel originally lived in Wolfenbüttel.

Whenever a branch of the family died out in the male line, the territory was given to another line, as the duchy remained enfeoffed to the family as a whole rather than its individual members. All members of the House of Welf, male or female, bore the title ''Duke/Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg'' in addition to the style of the subordinate principality.<ref name="riedesel_1868">{{cite book|last1=Riedesel|first1=Friedrich Adolf|translator-last=Stone|translator-first=William L.|editor-last=von Eelking|editor-first=Max|title=Memoirs, and Letters and Journals, of Major General Riedesel During His Residence in America|volume=1|page=29|publisher=J. Munsell|location=Albany|year=1868|quote=I remain ever, Your affectionate Charles, Duke of Brunswick and Lüneburg. Brunswick, February 14, 1776. To Colonel Riedesel.}}</ref> By 1705, the subordinate principalities had taken their final form as the [[Electorate of Hanover]] and the [[Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]], and these would become the [[Kingdom of Hanover]] and the [[Duchy of Brunswick]] after the [[Congress of Vienna]] in 1815.

===Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel===
In 1269 the [[Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|Principality of Brunswick]] was formed following the first division of the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg. In 1432, as a result of increasing tensions with the townsfolk of [[Braunschweig|Brunswick]], the Brunswick Line moved their residence to [[Wolfenbüttel Castle]], thus the name ''Wolfenbüttel'' became the unofficial name of this principality. With [[Ivan VI of Russia]] the Brunswick line even had a short intermezzo on the Russian imperial throne in 1740. Not until 1754 was the residence moved back to Brunswick, into the new [[Brunswick Palace]]. In 1814 the principality became the [[Duchy of Brunswick]], ruled by the senior branch of the House of Welf.

=== Principality of Calenberg – later Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg ===
{{main|Principality of Calenberg|Electorate of Hanover}}
[[File:Coat of Arms of George I Louis, Elector of Hanover (1708-1714).svg|thumb|110px|Coat of Arms of the [[Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg]] (1708)]]
In 1432 the estates gained by the ''Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel'' between the [[Deister]] and [[Leine (river)|Leine]] split away as the ''Principality of Calenberg''. In 1495 it was expanded around [[Göttingen]] and in 1584 went back to the Wolfenbüttel Line. In 1634, as a result of inheritance distributions, it went to the [[Principality of Lüneburg|House of Luneburg]] residing at [[Celle Castle]]. In 1635 it was given to [[George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|George]], younger brother of [[Lüneburg-Celle|Prince Ernest II of Lüneburg]], who chose [[Hanover]] as his residence.

New territory was added in 1665, and in 1705 the Principality of Luneburg was taken over by the Hanoverians. In 1692 Duke [[Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover|Ernest Augustus]] from the Calenberg-Hanover Line acquired the right to be a [[prince-elector]] of the Holy Roman Empire as the [[Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Prince-Elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg]]. Colloquially the Electorate was known as the [[Electorate of Hanover]]. In 1814 it was succeeded by the [[Kingdom of Hanover]].

===British succession===
Religion-driven politics placed Ernest Augustus's wife [[Sophia of Hanover|Sophia of the Palatinate]] in the line of succession to the British crown by the [[Act of Settlement 1701]], written to ensure a Protestant succession to the thrones of Scotland and England at a time when anti-Catholic sentiment ran high in much of Northern Europe and Great Britain. Sophia died shortly before her first cousin once removed, [[Anne, Queen of Great Britain]], the last sovereign of the [[House of Stuart]].

Sophia's son [[George I of Great Britain|George I]] succeeded Queen Anne and formed a [[personal union]] from 1714 between the British crown and the Electorate of Hanover, which lasted until well after the end of the [[Napoleonic Wars]] more than a century later, through the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire and the rise of a new successor kingdom. The British royal family became known as the [[House of Hanover]].
<gallery>
File:Coat of arms of Great Britain (1714–1801).svg|Coat of arms of the Hanoverian Kings of Great Britain (1714–1801)
File:Bernard Lens King George I 1718 VA.jpg|[[George I of Great Britain|George I]] (1714–1727)
File:George II 1755-1767.jpg|[[George II of Great Britain|George II]] (1727–1760)
File:Frederick, Prince of Wales 1754 by Liotard.jpg|[[Frederick, Prince of Wales]] (b. 1707 d. 1751)
File:George III (by Sir William Beechey).jpg|[[George III]] (1760–1820)
File:King George IV when Prince Regent (1762-1830), by Henry Bone.jpg|[[George IV]] (1820–1830)
File:WilliamIVbyLonsdale.jpg|[[William IV]] (1830–1837)
File:Dronning victoria.jpg|[[Queen Victoria|Victoria]] (1837–1901)
</gallery>

===Kingdom of Hanover===
The "Electorate of Hanover" (the core duchy) was enlarged with the addition of other lands and became the [[Kingdom of Hanover]] in 1814 at the [[Congress of Vienna]]. During the first half of the nineteenth century, the Kingdom was ruled as [[personal union]] by the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|British]] crown from its creation under [[George III]] of the United Kingdom, the last [[prince-elector|elector of Hanover]] until the death of [[William IV]] in 1837.

At that point, the crown of Hanover went to William's younger brother, [[Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover|Ernest Augustus, Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale]] under the [[Salic law]] requiring the next male heir to inherit, whereas the British throne was inherited by an [[Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn|elder brother's]] only daughter, [[Queen Victoria]]. Her offspring belong to the [[House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]]: in 1917 the name was changed to the [[House of Windsor]].

The Kingdom of Hanover was lost in 1866 by Ernest Augustus's son [[George V of Hanover]], Austria's ally during the [[Austro-Prussian War]], when it was annexed by [[Prussia]] after Austria's defeat and became the Prussian province of Hanover. The Welfs went into exile at [[Gmunden]], Austria, where they built ''[[Cumberland Castle]]''.
<gallery>
File:Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Hanover.svg|Coat of arms of the [[kingdom of Hanover]] 1837
File:Ernest Augustus I of Hanover.PNG|[[Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover]]
File:GeorgeVHannover.jpg|King [[George V of Hanover]]
File:Ernst August, Crown Prince of Hannover.png|Ernst August, Crown Prince of Hannover
</gallery>

===Brunswick succession===
[[File:Coat of Arms of the Duchy of Brunswick.svg|thumb|upright=0.7|Coat-of-arms of the [[Duchy of Brunswick]]]]

[[File:Ernstbrunswick1887-2.jpeg|thumb|right|[[Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick|Ernest Augustus]], Duke of Brunswick and Wolfenbüttel, 1913-1918]]

The senior line of the dynasty had ruled the much smaller principality of [[Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]], created the sovereign [[Duchy of Brunswick]] in 1814. This line became extinct in 1884. Although the Duchy should have been inherited by the [[Ernest Augustus, Crown Prince of Hanover|Duke of Cumberland]], son of the last king of Hanover, Prussian suspicions of his loyalty led the duchy's throne to remain vacant until 1913, when the Duke of Cumberland's son, [[Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick|Ernst August]], married [[Victoria Louise of Prussia|the daughter]] of Kaiser [[Wilhelm II of Germany|Wilhelm II]] and was allowed to inherit it. His rule there was short-lived, as the monarchy came to an end following the First World War in 1918.

===Welf Dynasty Today===

The Welf dynasty continues to exist. The last member sitting on a European throne was [[Frederica of Hanover]], daughter of Ernest Augustus, the last Duke of Brunswick, was the Queen of Greece († 1981), mother of [[Queen Sofia of Spain]] and King [[Constantine II of Greece]]. Frederica's brother [[Prince George William of Hanover (1915–2006)|Prince George William of Hanover]] married [[Princess Sophie of Greece and Denmark]], sister of [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]]. The House's head is Queen Frederica's nephew [[Prince Ernst August of Hanover (born 1954)|Ernst August]], the third and present husband of [[Caroline, Princess of Hanover|Princess Caroline of Monaco]].
<gallery>
File:Leineschloss Leine.jpg|The [[Leineschloss|Leine Palace]] in Hanover
File:Unbekannt, Maison de Plaisir d'Herrenhausen, c1708..jpg|[[Herrenhausen Palace]] and [[Herrenhausen Gardens]] in Hanover
File:Das Schloss in Celle.jpg|[[Celle Castle]]
File:Braunschweiger Schloss.jpg|[[Brunswick Palace]]
File:Wolfenbuettel Schloss (2006).jpg|[[Schloss Wolfenbüttel|Wolfenbüttel Castle]]
File:Pattensen Marienburg Castle.jpg|[[Marienburg Castle (Hanover)]]
</gallery>

==Rulers==

===House of Welf===
{{hidden begin
|title = Partitions under Welf rule
|titlestyle = background: #ccf; text-align:center;
}}

{|align="center" style="border-spacing: 0px; border: 1px solid black; text-align: center;"
|+ 
|- 
| colspan=12 style="background: #fff;" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!---Altdorf---> 
|- 
| colspan=1 style="background: #fedf;" |'''County of Auxerre'''<br>(866–888)<br><small>Raised to:</small><br>'''Kingdom of<br>Upper Burgundy'''<br>(888–1032)
| colspan=11 style="background: #fff;" |'''County of Altdorf'''<br>(820–1191)
|- 
| colspan=1 rowspan="2" style="background: #eee;" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!---Burgundy---> 
| colspan=11 style="background: #fff;" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!---Altdorf---> 
|- 
| colspan=1 style="background: #fff;" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!---Altdorf---> 
| colspan=10 style="background: #def;" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!---Luneburg---> 
|- 
| colspan=2 rowspan="25" style="background: #eee;" |<small>''Annexed to the<br>[[Holy Roman Empire|Holy Roman<br>Empire]]''</small>
| colspan=1 style="background: #afd;" |'''County<br>Palatine<br>of the Rhine'''<br>(1195–1267)
| colspan=9 rowspan="2" style="background: #def;" |'''Lordship of Lüneburg'''<br>(1126–1235)<br><small>Raised to:<br></small>'''Duchy of<br>Brunswick-Lüneburg'''<br>(1235–1269)
|-
| colspan=1 style="background: #afd;" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!---Rhine---> 
|- 
| colspan=1 rowspan="23" style="background: #eee;" |<small>''Annexed to <br>[[House of Wittelsbach|House of<br>Wittelsbach]]''</small>
| colspan=6 style="background: #ffdead;" |'''Principality of Brunswick'''<br />(1269–1291)
| colspan=4 rowspan="4" style="background: #ffc;" |'''Principality<br>of Lüneburg'''<br /><small>(1st creation)</small><br />(1269–1369)
|- 
| colspan=2 rowspan="13" style="background: #dce;" |'''Principality of<br>Grubenhagen'''<br />(1291–1596)<ref>Grubenhagen was firstly annexed to Wolfenbüttel, but in 1617 was a part of Lüneburg.</ref>
| colspan=2 style="background: #ade;" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!---Göttingen---> 
| colspan=2 style="background: #ceb;" |'''Principality of<br>Wolfenbüttel'''<br /><small>(1st creation)</small><br />(1291–1292)
|- 
| colspan=4 style="background: #ade;" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!---Göttingen---> 
|- 
| colspan=2 rowspan="7" style="background: #ade;" |'''Principality of<br>Göttingen'''<br />(1291–1463)
| colspan=2 style="background: #ceb;" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!---Wolfenbüttel---> 
|- 
| colspan=6 style="background: #ceb;" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!---Wolfenbüttel---> 
|- 
| colspan=2 rowspan="2" style="background: #ceb;" |'''Principality of<br>Wolfenbüttel'''<br /><small>(2nd creation)</small><br />(1344–1400)
| colspan=4 style="background: #eee;" |<small>''Lüneburg under<br />'''[[House of Ascania|Ascanian rule]]''' ''<br />(1373–1388)</small>
|- 
| colspan=4 style="background: #ffc;" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!---Lüneburg--->
|- 
| colspan=6 style="background: #ffc;" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!---Lüneburg---> 
|- 
| colspan=2 style="background: #ceb;" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!---Wolfenbüttel--->
| colspan=4 rowspan="7" style="background: #ffc;" |'''Principality<br>of Lüneburg'''<br /><small>(2nd creation)</small><br />(1388–1705)
|- 
| colspan=1 style="background: #ffdaed;" |'''Principality<br>of Calenberg'''<br /><small>(1st creation)</small><br />(1432–1584)
| colspan=1 style="background: #ceb;" |'''Principality of<br>Wolfenbüttel'''<br /><small>(3rd creation)</small><br />(1409–1485)
|- 
| colspan=3 style="background: #ffdaed;" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!---Calenberg---> 
| colspan=1 style="background: #ceb;" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!---Wolfenbüttel--->
|- 
| colspan=4 style="background: #ffdaed;" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!---Calenberg---> 
|- 
| colspan=3 style="background: #ffdaed;" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!---Calenberg---> 
| colspan=1 style="background: #ceb;" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!---Wolfenbüttel--->
|- 
| colspan=4 style="background: #ceb;" |'''Principality of<br>Wolfenbüttel'''<br /><small>(4th creation)</small><br />(1494–1807)
|- 
| colspan=6 style="background: #ceb;" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!---Wolfenbüttel--->
|- 
| colspan=4 style="background: #ceb;" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!---Wolfenbüttel--->
| colspan=6 rowspan="3" style="background: #ffc;" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!---Lüneburg---> 
|- 
| colspan=2 rowspan="3" style="background: #ceb;" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!---Wolfenbüttel--->
| colspan=2 style="background: #ffdaed;" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!---Calenberg---> 
|- 
| colspan=2 style="background: #ffdaed;" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<!---Calenberg---> 
|- 
| colspan=8 rowspan="3" style="background: #ffdaed;" |'''Principality of Calenberg'''<br /><small>(2nd creation)</small><br />(1634–1692)<br><small>Raised to</small><br>'''Electorate of Hanover'''<br />(1692–1866)
|- 
| colspan=2 style="background: #eee;" |<small>''Annexed by<br />[[Kingdom of France|France]]''</small>
|- 
| colspan=2 rowspan="2" style="background: #ceb;" |'''Duchy of Brunswick'''<br />(1813–1918)
|- 
| colspan=8 style="background: #eee;" |<small>''Annexed by [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]]''</small>
|- 
|}

{{hidden end}}

{{collapse top|title=Table of rulers}}

{{Sticky header}}
{| class="wikitable sticky-header" 
! colspan=2 | Ruler!!Born!!Reign!!Ruling part!!Consort!!Death!!Notes
|- style="background:#eee"
|colspan="8" align="center"| '''Elder''' House of Welf
|- style="background:#fff"
|[[Welf (father of Judith)|Welf I]] (a)||
|align="center"|{{circa|775}}<br><small>Son of Rothard of the Argengau</small>
|align="center"|{{circa|800}} – 3 October 825||County of [[Weingarten, Württemberg|Altdorf]]||[[Hedwig of Bavaria]]<br>four children
|align="center"|3 October 825<br><small>aged 49–50</small>||Eponymous founder of the family.
|- style="background:#fff"
|[[Conrad I, Count of Auxerre|Conrad I ''the Elder'']]||
|align="center"|{{circa|800}}<br><small>Son of [[Welf (father of Judith)|Welf I]] (a) and [[Hedwig of Bavaria]]</small>
|align="center"|3 October 825 – 864||County of [[Weingarten, Württemberg|Altdorf]]||[[Adelaide of Tours]]<br>three children
|align="center"|864<br><small>aged 63–64</small>||
|- style="background:#fff"
|[[Welf I]] (b)||[[File:Wgt Stifterbüchlein 10r.jpg|100px]]
|align="center"|{{circa|835}}<br><small>First son of [[Conrad I, Count of Auxerre|Conrad I]] and [[Adelaide of Tours]]</small>
|align="center"|864 – 876||County of [[Weingarten, Württemberg|Altdorf]]||''Unknown''<br>at least one child
|align="center"|876<br><small>aged 40–41</small>||Also Count at Linzgau, Alpgau and possibly Argengau.
|- style="background:#fedf"
|[[Conrad II, Duke of Transjurane Burgundy|Conrad II ''the Younger'']]||
|align="center"|{{circa|835}}<br><small>Second son of [[Conrad I, Count of Auxerre|Conrad I]] and [[Adelaide of Tours]]</small>
|align="center"|864 – 876||[[County of Auxerre]]||[[Waldrada of Worms]]<br>one child
|align="center"|876<br><small>aged 40–41</small>||
|- style="background:#fff"
|[[Eticho, Count of Ammergau|Eticho]]||[[File:Wgt Stifterbüchlein 13r.jpg|100px]]
|align="center"|{{circa|850}}<br><small>Son of [[Welf I]] (b)</small>
|align="center"|876 – 911||County of [[Weingarten, Württemberg|Altdorf]]||''Egila''<br>three children
|align="center"|{{circa|911}}||
|- style="background:#fedf"
|[[Rudolph I of Burgundy|Rudolf I]]||
|align="center"|859<br><small>Son of [[Conrad II, Duke of Transjurane Burgundy|Conrad II]] and [[Waldrada of Worms]]</small>
|align="center"|876 – 25 October 911||[[County of Auxerre]]<br><small>(until 888)</small><br><br>Kingdom of [[Upper Burgundy]]<br><small>(from 888)</small>||[[Guilla of Provence]]<br>{{circa|880}}<br>four children
|align="center"|25 October 911<br><small>aged 51–52</small>|| First [[King of Burgundy]], from 888.
|- style="background:#fff"
|{{ill|Henry I, Count of Altdorf|nl|Hendrik van Altdorf|lt=Henry I ''of the<br>Golden Plough''}}<ref name=numb>The numbering of the first Henrys and Welfs follows the one established in the [[Historia Welforum]]. See ''Historia Welforum Weingartensis'', MGH SS XXI.</ref>||[[File:Wgt Stifterbüchlein 14v.jpg|100px]]
|align="center"|{{circa|880}}<br><small>Son of [[Eticho, Count of Ammergau|Eticho]] and ''Egila''</small>
|align="center"|911 – 935||County of [[Weingarten, Württemberg|Altdorf]]||[[Atha of Hohenwart]]<br>three children
|align="center"|{{circa|935}}<br><small>aged 54–55</small>||
|- style="background:#fedf"
|[[Rudolph II of Burgundy|Rudolf II]]||
|align="center"|{{circa|880}}<br><small>Son of [[Rudolph I of Burgundy|Rudolf I]] and [[Guilla of Provence]]</small>
|align="center"|25 October 911 – 11 July 937||Kingdom of [[Upper Burgundy]]||[[Bertha of Swabia]]<br>922<br>two children
|align="center"|11 July 937<br><small>aged 56–57</small>|| Also [[King of Italy]] (922–926).
|- style="background:#fff"
|[[Rudolf I, Count of Altdorf|Rudolf I]]||
|align="center"|{{circa|910}}<br><small>Son of {{ill|Henry I, Count of Altdorf|nl|Hendrik van Altdorf|lt=Henry I}} and [[Atha of Hohenwart]]</small>
|align="center"|935 – 950||County of [[Weingarten, Württemberg|Altdorf]]||Siburgis/{{ill|Richlind|de}}<br>at least one child
|align="center"|{{circa|950}}<br><small>aged 39–40</small>||
|- style="background:#fedf"
|[[Conrad I of Burgundy|Conrad III ''the Peaceful'']]||
|align="center"|925<br><small>Son of [[Rudolph II of Burgundy|Rudolf II]] and [[Bertha of Swabia]]</small>
|align="center"|11 July 937 – 19 October 993||Kingdom of [[Upper Burgundy]]||Adelaide of Bellay<br>one child<br><br>[[Matilda of France]]<br>866<br>four children
|align="center"|19 October 993<br><small>aged 67–68</small>|| 
|- style="background:#fff"
|[[Rudolf II, Count of Altdorf|Rudolf II]]||[[File:Wgt Stifterbüchlein 18v.jpg|100px]]
|align="center"|{{circa|940}}<br><small>Son of [[Rudolf I, Count of Altdorf|Rudolf I]] and Siburgis/{{ill|Richlind|de}}</small>
|align="center"|950 – 10 March 990||County of [[Weingarten, Württemberg|Altdorf]]||[[Ita of Öhningen]]<br>three children
|align="center"|10 March {{circa|990}}<br><small>aged 49–50</small>||
|- style="background:#fff"
|[[Henry, Count of Altdorf|Henry II]]<ref name=numb/>||[[File:Wgt Stifterbüchlein 20r.jpg|100px]]
|align="center"|{{circa|960}}<br><small>First son of [[Rudolf II, Count of Altdorf|Rudolf II]] and [[Ita of Öhningen]]</small>
|align="center"|990 – 15 November 1000||County of [[Weingarten, Württemberg|Altdorf]]||''Unmarried''
|align="center"|15 November 1000|| Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his brother.
|- style="background:#fedf"
|[[Rudolph III of Burgundy|Rudolf III ''the Pious'']]||[[File:Donation du roi de Bourgogne Rodolphe III à l'abbaye Saint-Maurice (15 février 1018) (cropped).jpg|100px]]
|align="center"|970<br><small>Son of [[Conrad I of Burgundy|Conrad III]] and [[Matilda of France]]</small>
|align="center"|19 October 993 – 6 September 1032||Kingdom of [[Upper Burgundy]]||Agiltrude<br><small>(d.1011)</small><br>no children<br><br>[[Ermengarde of Burgundy]]<br>28 June 1011<br>no children
|align="center"|6 September 1032<br><small>aged 61–62</smalL>|| After his childless death, the Kingdom was inherited by his niece.
|- style="background:#fff"
|[[Welf II, Count of Swabia|Welf II]]<ref name=numb/>||[[File:Wgt Stifterbüchlein 21v.jpg|100px]]
|align="center"|{{circa|960}}<br><small>Second son of [[Rudolf II, Count of Altdorf|Rudolf II]] and [[Ita of Öhningen]]</small>
|align="center"|15 November 1000 – 10 March 1030||County of [[Weingarten, Württemberg|Altdorf]]||[[Imiza of Luxembourg]]<br>1017<br>two children
|align="center"|10 March 1030<br>[[Bodman-Ludwigshafen]]<br><small>aged 69–70</small>||
|- style="background:#fff"
|[[Welf, Duke of Carinthia|Welf III]]<ref name=numb/>||[[File:Wgt Stifterbüchlein 23r.jpg|100px]]
|align="center"|1007<br><small>Son of [[Welf II, Count of Swabia|Welf II]] and [[Imiza of Luxembourg]]</small>
|align="center"|10 March 1030 – 13 November 1055||County of [[Weingarten, Württemberg|Altdorf]]||''Unmarried''
|align="center"|13 November 1055<br>[[Bodman-Ludwigshafen]]<br><small>aged 47–48</small>|| Also [[Duke of Carinthia]]. By intercession of his aunt [[Richlind of Altdorf]], he inherited the property of her late husband, Adalbert II, count of Ebersberg. Left no descendants, and his inheritance passed to his nephews, sons of his sister Kunigunde.
|- style="background:#fff"
|align=center colspan=8|The Altdorf property, which had been donated by Welf III to the [[Weingarten Abbey]], was transferred, by widow [[Imiza of Luxembourg]], then its Abbess and also mother of the late count, to Welf IV, son of her daughter Kunigunda.<ref>Schneidmüller, ''Die Welfen'', p. 127; Störmer, ''Die Welfen in der Reichspolitik'', p. 261.</ref>
|- style="background:#fedf"
|[[Gisela of Swabia|Gisela]]||[[File:Gisela von Schwaben.JPG|100px]]
|align="center"|11 November 990<br><small>Daughter of [[Herman II, Duke of Swabia]] and [[Gerberga of Burgundy]]</small>
|align="center"|6 September 1032 – 15 February 1043||Kingdom of [[Upper Burgundy]]<br><small>([[Conradine dynasty]])</small>||[[Brun I, Count of Brunswick]]<br>1002<br>three children<br><br>[[Ernest I, Duke of Swabia]]<br>1012<br>two children<br><br/>[[Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor]]<br>1016<br>three children
|align="center"|15 February 1043<br>[[Goslar]]<br><small>aged 52</small>|| Gisela was heiress of her maternal uncle, which lead to the annexation of the kingdom to the Holy Roman Empire.
|- style="background:#fedf"
|colspan=8 align="center"|''Upper Burgundy annexed to the [[Holy Roman Empire]]''
|- style="background:#eee"
|colspan="8" align="center"| '''Younger''' House of Welf
|- style="background:#fff"
|[[Welf I, Duke of Bavaria|Welf IV]]<ref name=numb/>||[[File:Wgt Stifterbüchlein 25v.jpg|100px]]
|align="center"|{{circa|1035}}<br>[[Solesino]] (?)<br><small>Son of [[Albert Azzo II, Margrave of Milan]] and [[Kunigunde of Altdorf]]</small>
|align="center"|13 November 1055 – 6 November 1101||County of [[Weingarten, Württemberg|Altdorf]]||[[Ethelinde of Northeim]]<br>1062<br>no children<br><br>[[Judith of Flanders (died 1095)|Judith of Flanders]]<br>1071<br>three children
|align="center"|6 November 1101<br>[[Paphos]]<br><small>aged 65–66</small>|| Son of [[Kunigunde of Altdorf]] and [[Albert Azzo II, Margrave of Milan]], inherited his maternal family's possessions. Also [[Duke of Bavaria]] (1070–1077 and 1096–1101).
|- style="background:#fff"
|[[Welf II, Duke of Bavaria|Welf V ''the Fat'']]<ref name=numb/>||[[File:Wgt Stifterbüchlein 27r.jpg|100px]]
|align="center"|1072<br><small>First son of [[Welf I, Duke of Bavaria|Welf IV]] and [[Judith of Flanders (died 1095)|Judith of Flanders]]</small>
|align="center"|6 November 1101 – 4 September 1120||County of [[Weingarten, Württemberg|Altdorf]]||[[Matilda of Tuscany]]<br>1088/89<br>no children
|align="center"|24 September 1120<br><small>aged 47–48</small>|| Left no children, and the county went to his brother. Also [[Duke of Bavaria]].
|- style="background:#fff"
|[[Henry IX, Duke of Bavaria|Henry III ''the Black'']]<ref name=numb/>||[[File:Wgt Stifterbüchlein 28v.jpg|100px]]
|align="center"|1075<br><small>Second son of [[Welf I, Duke of Bavaria|Welf IV]] and [[Judith of Flanders (died 1095)|Judith of Flanders]]</small>
|align="center"|4 September 1120 – 13 December 1126||County of [[Weingarten, Württemberg|Altdorf]]||[[Wulfhilde of Saxony]]<br>1095<br>eight children
|align="center"|13 December 1126<br>[[Ravensburg]]<br><small>aged 50–51</small>|| Inherited by marriage possessions in the [[Luneburg]], to the north.
|- style="background:#def"
|[[Henry X, Duke of Bavaria|Henry IV ''the Proud'']]<ref name=numb/>||[[File:Wgt Stifterbüchlein 33v.jpg|100px]]
|align="center"|1108<br><small>Second son of [[Henry IX, Duke of Bavaria|Henry (III)]] and [[Wulfhilde of Saxony]]</small>
|align="center"|13 December 1126 – 20 October 1139||Lordship of [[Lüneburg]]||[[Gertrude of Süpplingenburg]]<br>1202<br>one child
|align="center"|20 October 1139<br>[[Quedlinburg]]<br><small>aged 30–31</small>
|rowspan="4"| Children of Henry the Black, Welf VI and Henry the Proud divided their inheritance: Welf VI kept the original possessions to the south, and Henry the northern ones, besides inheriting his father's title of [[Duke of Bavaria]] (1136–38), and conquering also the title of [[Duke of Saxony]] (1137–1139) inherited from their mother. Welf VI would also go on to become [[Margrave of Tuscany]] and [[Duke of Spoleto]] (1152–1160 and 1167–1173).
In 1129, after Henry the Proud's defeat against [[Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor]], his sister Sophia was given a seat at [[Regensburg]].<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2016-04-27|title=Sophia von Bayern. In: Genealogie Mittelalter: Mittelalterliche Genealogie im Deutschen Reich bis zum Ende der Staufer.|url=http://www.manfred-hiebl.de/genealogie-mittelalter/welfen/welfen_juengere_schwaebische_linie/sophia_von_bayern_herzogin_von_kaernten_um_1145/sophia_von_bayern_herzogin_von_kaernten_+_um_1145.html}}<!-- auto-translated by Module:CS1 translator --></ref>
From {{circa|1150}} until his death in 1167, Welf VI's son, Welf VII, was associated to his father, but predeceased him. After Welf VI's death, Altdorf was annexed to the [[Holy Roman Empire]].
|- style="background:#fff"
|[[Welf VI|Welf VI ''the Mild'']]<ref name=numb/>||[[File:Wgt Stifterbüchlein 38r.jpg|100px]]
|align="center"|1115<br><small>Third son of [[Henry IX, Duke of Bavaria|Henry (III)]] and [[Wulfhilde of Saxony]]</small>
|align="center"|13 December 1126 – 15 December 1191
|rowspan="2"|County of [[Weingarten, Württemberg|Altdorf]]||[[Uta of Schauenburg]]<br>{{circa|1130}}<br>two children
|align="center"|15 December 1191<br>[[Memmingen]]<br><small>aged 75–76</small>
|- style="background:#fff"
|[[Welf VII]]<ref name=numb/>||[[File:Wgt Stifterbüchlein 41r.jpg|100px]]
|align="center"|1135<br><small>Son of [[Welf VI]] and [[Uta of Schauenburg]]</small>
|align="center"|{{circa|1150}} – 12 September 1167||''Unmarried''
|align="center"|12 September 1167<br>[[Siena]]<br><small>aged 31–32</small>
|- style="background:#fff"
|[[Sophia of Bavaria (1105–1145)|Sophia]]||[[File:Wgt Stifterbüchlein 31r.jpg|100px]]
|align="center"|1105<br><small>Daughter of [[Henry IX, Duke of Bavaria|Henry (III)]] and [[Wulfhilde of Saxony]]</small>
|align="center"|1129 – 10 July 1145||County of [[Weingarten, Württemberg|Altdorf]]<br><small>(at [[Regensburg]])</small>||[[Berthold III, Duke of Zähringen]]<br>{{circa|1120}}<br>no children<br><br>[[Leopold of Styria|Leopold, Margrave of Styria]]<br>{{circa|1122}}<br>four children
|align="center"|10 July 1145<br><small>aged 39–40</small>
|- style="background:#def"
|align="center"colspan="7"| <small>''Regency of [[Gertrude of Süpplingenburg]] (1139–1142)''</small>
|rowspan="2"|Inherited Brunswick from his mother after her death in 1143. Also [[Duke of Saxony]] (1142–1180) and [[Duke of Bavaria]] (1156–1180). When [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor]], became king of Germany, he restored Bavaria to the Welf line.
|- style="background:#def"
|[[Henry the Lion|Henry V ''the Lion'']]<ref name=numb/>||[[File:Henry the Lion (cropped).jpg|100px]] 
|align="center"|1129<br>[[Ravensburg]]<br><small>Son of [[Henry X, Duke of Bavaria|Henry (I)]] and [[Gertrude of Süpplingenburg]]</small>
|align="center"|20 October 1139 – 6 August 1195||Lordship of [[Lüneburg]]||[[Clementia of Zähringen]]<br>1147<br>three children<br><br>[[Matilda of England, Duchess of Saxony|Matilda of England]]<br>1168<br>five children
|align="center"|6 August 1195<br>[[Braunschweig]]<br><small>aged 65–66</small>
|- style="background:#afd"
|[[Henry V, Count Palatine of the Rhine|Henry (V) ''the Elder'']]<ref>Numbered ''V'' as Count Palatine of the Rhine</ref>||[[File:Wgt Stifterbüchlein 36r.jpg|100px]] 
|align="center"|1173<br><small>First son of [[Henry the Lion|Henry (II)]] and [[Matilda of England, Duchess of Saxony|Matilda of England]]</small>
|align="center"|6 August 1195 – 1212||[[Electoral Palatinate|County Palatine of the Rhine]]<br><small>(also at [[Stade]] and [[Altencelle]], in [[Lüneburg]])</small>||[[Agnes of Hohenstaufen]]<br>1193<br>three children<br><br>[[Agnes of Landsberg]]<br>1209<br>no children
|align="center"|28 April 1227<br>[[Braunschweig]]<br><small>aged 53–54</small>
|rowspan="3"| Inherited the land jointly until 1213, when after William's death, they resigned this possessions in favor that William's son, the inheritor of the Luneburg property. Henry was [[Count Palatine of the Rhine]] (1195–1213), and Otto was [[Holy Roman Emperor]] (1212–1218). Henry also inherited, after William's death, extensive properties near the [[Elbe]] and the [[Weser]].
|- style="background:#def"
|[[Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto]]||[[File:Otto IV 1836.jpg|100px]] 
|align="center"|1175<br><small>Third son of [[Henry the Lion|Henry (II)]] and [[Matilda of England, Duchess of Saxony|Matilda of England]]</small>
|align="center"|6 August 1195 – 19 May 1218||Lordship of [[Lüneburg]]<br><small>(at [[Haldensleben]])</small>||[[Beatrice of Swabia]]<br>1212<br>no children<br><br>[[Maria of Brabant, Holy Roman Empress|Maria of Brabant]]<br>19 May 1214<br>[[Maastricht]]<br>no children
|align="center"|19 May 1218<br>[[Harzburg]]<br><small>aged 42–43</small>
|- style="background:#def"
|[[William of Winchester, Lord of Lunenburg|William ''Longsword'']]||[[File:William of Winchester.jpg|100px]] 
|align="center"|11 April 1184<br>[[Winchester]]<br><small>Fourth son of [[Henry the Lion|Henry (II)]] and [[Matilda of England, Duchess of Saxony|Matilda of England]]</small>
|align="center"|6 August 1195 – 12 December 1213||Lordship of [[Lüneburg]]||[[Helena of Denmark]]<br>1202<br>[[Hamburg]]<br>one child
|align="center"|12 December 1213<br>[[Lüneburg]]<br><small>aged 29</small>
|- style="background:#def"
|align=center colspan=8|''Haldensleben re-merged in Lüneburg''
|- style="background:#afd"
|[[Henry VI, Count Palatine of the Rhine|Henry (VI) ''the Younger'']]<ref>Numbered ''VI'' as Count Palatine of the Rhine</ref>||
|align="center"|1196<br><small>Son of [[Henry V, Count Palatine of the Rhine|Henry (III)]] and [[Agnes of Hohenstaufen]]</small>
|align="center"|1212 – 26 April 1214||[[Electoral Palatinate|County Palatine of the Rhine]]||''Unmarried''
|align="center"|26 April 1214<br><small>aged 17–18</small>|| After his death the Palatinate was inherited by his sister.
|- style="background:#def"
|align="center"colspan="7"| <small>''Regency of [[Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor]] (1213–1218)''</small>
|rowspan="2"|He was raised to Duke and recognised as such in 1235, by [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor]]
|-bgcolor=#def
| [[Otto I of Brunswick|Otto I ''the Child'']]<ref>As the first Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg, the numbering restarts from here.</ref> ||[[File:FriedrichIIbelehntottodaskind.jpg|100px|center]] 
|align="center"|1204<br><small>Son of [[William of Winchester, Lord of Lunenburg|William]] and [[Helena of Denmark]]</small>
|align="center"|12 December 1213 – 9 June 1252||[[Brunswick–Lüneburg|Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg]]|| [[Matilda of Brandenburg, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Matilda of Brandenburg]]<br />1228<br />ten children
|align="center"|9 June 1252<br>[[Lüneburg]]<br><small>aged 47–48</small>
|- style="background:#afd"
|[[Agnes of the Palatinate|Agnes]]||[[File:OttoIIvonBayernAgnesdieJuengere.jpg|100px]]
|align="center"|1201<br><small>Daughter of [[Henry V, Count Palatine of the Rhine|Henry (III)]] and [[Agnes of Hohenstaufen]]</small>
|align="center"|26 April 1214 – 1267||[[Electoral Palatinate|County Palatine of the Rhine]]||[[Otto II, Duke of Bavaria|Otto IV, Duke of Bavaria]]<br>1222<br>[[Worms, Germany|Worms]]<br>five children
|align="center"|1267<br><small>aged 65–66</small>|| Her marriage with Otto, Duke of Bavaria determined the annexation of the county to the patrimony of the House of Wittelsbach.
|- style="background:#afd"
|align=center colspan=8|''County Palatine of the Rhine was inherited by the [[House of Wittelsbach]]''
|-style="background:#ffdead"
||[[Albert I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Albert I ''the Tall'']] ||[[File:Herzog Albrecht I.jpg|100px]] 
|align="center"|1236<br><small>First son of [[Otto I of Brunswick|Otto I]] and [[Matilda of Brandenburg, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Matilda of Brandenburg]]</small>
|align="center"|9 June 1252 – 15 August 1279||[[Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|Principality of Brunswick]]<br><small>(until 1269 co-ruling in Brunswick-Lüneburg)</small>|| [[Elisabeth of Brabant, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Elisabeth of Brabant]]<br />1254<br />no children<br /><br />{{ill|Alexia of Montferrat|bg|Аделаида Монфератска}}<br />1263<br />seven children
|align="center"|15 August 1279<br>[[Braunschweig]]<br><small>aged 42–43</small>
|rowspan="2" bgcolor=#def| Children of Otto I, they shared rule of the land until 1269. Albert became Prince of Brunswick and John a Prince of Luneburg.
|-style="background:#ffc
||[[John, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|John]] || 
|align="center"|1242<br><small>Second son of [[Otto I of Brunswick|Otto I]] and [[Matilda of Brandenburg, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Matilda of Brandenburg]]</small>
|align="center"|9 June 1252 – 13 December 1277||[[Principality of Lüneburg]]<br><small>(until 1269 co-ruling in Brunswick-Lüneburg)</small>||[[Liutgard of Holstein, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Liutgard of Holstein-Itzehoe]]<br />1265<br />five children
|align="center"|13 December 1277<br>[[Braunschweig]]<br><small>aged 34–35</small>
|-style="background:#def
|colspan=8 align="center"|All Welf lines continued to bear the title "Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg" between the division of 1269 and the end of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806. This was an additional title to the representation of their actual territorial lordship. However, as this is a list of rulers, the list goes beyond the use of the title, going through all generations until the end of the noble family representation in the land, in 1918.
|-style="background:#ffc
|align="center"colspan="7"| <small>''Regency of [[Albert I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]] (1277–1279)<br>Regency of [[Conrad of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Prince-Bishop of Verden]] (1277–1282)''</small>
|rowspan="2"|His rule was marked by several feuds, financed by pledges (Verpfändungen), involving border and property disputes with his neighbours. Otto restricted the rights of the knights and safeguarded public order.
|-style="background:#ffc"
|[[Otto II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Otto II ''the Strict'']] ||[[File:Bomann-Museum Skulptur Otto II. der Strenge, Herzog zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg 1277-1330, mit von der Schmalstieg-GmbH restauriertem Schloss Celle.jpg|100px|center]] 
|align="center"|1266<br><small>Son of [[John, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|John]] and [[Liutgard of Holstein, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Liutgard of Holstein-Itzehoe]]</small>
|align="center"|13 December 1277 – 10 April 1330||[[Principality of Lüneburg]] || {{ill|Matilda of Bavaria, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg|fr|Mathilde de Bavière (1275-1319)|lt=Matilda of Bavaria}}<br />1288<br />five children
|align="center"|10 April 1330<br><small>aged 63–64</small>
|-style="background:#dce
||[[Henry I, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen|Henry I ''the Admirable'']]||
|align="center"|August 1267<br><small>First son of [[Albert I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Albert I]] and {{ill|Alexia of Montferrat|bg|Аделаида Монфератска}}</small>
|align="center"|15 August 1279 – 7 September 1322||[[Principality of Grubenhagen]]<br><small>(until 1291 co-ruling at Brunswick)</small>|| [[Agnes of Meissen]]<br>1282<br>sixteen children
|align="center"|7 September 1322<br>[[Einbeck]]<br><small>aged 55</small>
|rowspan="3" style="background:#ffdead| Children of Albert I, ruled jointly. In 1291 divided the land: Henry received Grubenhagen, William Wolfenbüttel and Albert Göttingen. William died without descendants, and Albert reunited his land with his brother's. Wolfenbüttel became part of Göttingen.
|-style="background:#ade
||[[Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Albert II ''the Fat'']] || 
|align="center"|1268<br><small>Second son of [[Albert I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Albert I]] and {{ill|Alexia of Montferrat|bg|Аделаида Монфератска}}</small>
|align="center"|15 August 1279 – 22 September 1318||[[Principality of Göttingen]]<br><small>(until 1291 co-ruling at Brunswick)</small>||[[Rixa of Werle]]<br />1284<br>ten children
|align="center"|22 September 1318<br><small>aged 49–50</small>
|-style="background:#ceb
||[[William I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|William I]] || 
|align="center"|1270<br><small>Third son of [[Albert I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Albert I]] and {{ill|Alexia of Montferrat|bg|Аделаида Монфератска}}</small>
|align="center"|15 August 1279 – 30 September 1292||[[Principality of Wolfenbüttel]]<br><small>(until 1291 co-ruling at Brunswick)</small>||{{ill|Elisabeth of Hesse, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg|de|Elisabeth von Hessen († 1306)|lt=Elisabeth of Hesse}}<br />1290<br />no children 
|align="center"|30 September 1292<br>[[Braunschweig]]<br><small>aged 21–22</small>
|-style="background:#ceb
|align=center colspan=8|''Wolfenbüttel briefly annexed to Göttingen''
|-style="background:#ade
|[[Otto the Mild, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Otto (I) ''the Mild'']] || [[File:Otto der Milde.jpg|100px]] 
|align="center"|24 June 1292<br><small>First son of [[Albert II, Duke of Brunswick|Albert II]] and [[Rixa of Werle]]</small>
|align="center"|22 September 1318 – 30 August 1344||[[Principality of Göttingen]]||{{ill|Judith of Hesse|de|Jutta von Hessen}}<br>1311<br>no children<br><br>{{ill|Agnes of Brandenburg-Salzwedel|de|Agnes von Brandenburg (1298–1334)}}<br>1319<br>no children
|align="center"|30 August 1344<br>[[Göttingen]]<br><small>aged 52</small>|| By marriage inherited the [[Altmark]] region, which he sold c.1340. Left no descendants. His inheritance went to his brothers. 
|-style="background:#dce
|[[Henry II, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen|Henry II ''of Greece'']] ||
|align="center"|c.1295<br><small>First son of [[Henry I, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen|Henry I]] and [[Agnes of Meissen]]</small>
|align="center"|7 September 1322 – 1351
|rowspan="4"|[[Principality of Grubenhagen]]|| [[Jutta of Brandenburg-Stendal]]<br />1318<br />four children<br /><br />[[Helvis of Ibelin]]<br />1324<br />six children
|align="center"|c.1355<br>[[Grubenhagen Castle (Einbeck)|Grubenhagen]]<br><small>aged 59–60</small>
|rowspan="4"| Sons of Henry I, ruled jointly. 
|-style="background:#dce
|[[John I, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen|John I]] ||
|align="center"|c.1295<br><small>Second son of [[Henry I, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen|Henry I]] and [[Agnes of Meissen]]</small>
|align="center"|7 September 1322 – 1325|| ''Unmarried''
|align="center"|c.1370<br>[[Einbeck]]<br><small>aged 59–60</small>
|-style="background:#dce
|[[Ernest I, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen|Ernest I]] ||
|align="center"|1297<br><small>Third son of [[Henry I, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen|Henry I]] and [[Agnes of Meissen]]</small>
|align="center"|7 September 1322 – 9 March 1361|| [[Adelheid of Everstein-Polle]]<br />June 1335<br />nine children
|align="center"|9 March 1361<br><small>aged 63–64</small> 
|-style="background:#dce
|[[William, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen|William]] ||
|align="center"|1298<br><small>Fourth son of [[Henry I, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen|Henry I]] and [[Agnes of Meissen]]</small>
|align="center"|7 September 1322 – 1360||''Unmarried'' 
|align="center"|1360<br><small>aged 61–62</small>
|-style="background:#ffc
|[[Otto III, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Otto III]] ||
|align="center"|1296<br><small>Second son of [[Otto II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Otto II]] and {{ill|Matilda of Bavaria, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg|fr|Mathilde de Bavière (1275-1319)|lt=Matilda of Bavaria}}</small>
|align="center"|10 April 1330 – 19 August 1352
|rowspan="2"|[[Principality of Lüneburg]]|| [[Matilda of Mecklenburg]]<br />1311<br />three children
|align="center"|19 August 1352<br><small>aged 55–56</small>
|rowspan="2"| Sons of Otto II, ruled jointly. After Otto's death in 1352, William ruled alone. His death without descendants precipitated the [[Lüneburg War of Succession]] in 1370.
|-style="background:#ffc
|[[William II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|William II ''the Elder'']] ||[[File:Wilhelmvonbraunschweiglueneburg(gest.1369).jpg|100px]]
|align="center"|{{circa|1300}}<br><small>Fourth son of [[Otto II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Otto II]] and {{ill|Matilda of Bavaria, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg|fr|Mathilde de Bavière (1275-1319)|lt=Matilda of Bavaria}}</small>
|align="center"|10 April 1330 – 23 November 1369|| [[Hedwig of Ravensberg]]<br>7 April 1328<br>one child<br><br>Maria<br>After 1387<br>one child<br /><br />{{ill|Sophia of Anhalt-Bernburg, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg|bg|София фон Анхалт-Бернбург-Люнебург|lt=Sophia of Anhalt-Bernburg}}<br />12 March 1346<br />no children<br /><br />[[Agnes of Saxe-Lauenburg]]<br />1363<br />no children 
|align="center"|23 November 1369<br>[[Lüneburg]]<br><small>aged 68–69</small>
|-style="background:#ceb
||[[Magnus I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Magnus I ''the Pious'']] || 
|align="center"|1304<br><small>Seventh son of [[Albert II, Duke of Brunswick|Albert II]] and [[Rixa of Werle]]</small>
|align="center"|30 August 1344 – 1369|| [[Principality of Wolfenbüttel]]||[[Sophia of Brandenburg-Stendal]]<br />1327<br />eight children
|align="center"|1369<br><small>aged 64–65</small>
|rowspan="2"| Younger brothers of Otto, divided the inheritance.
|-style="background:#ade
||[[Ernest I, Duke of Brunswick-Göttingen|Ernest I]]||
|align="center"|1305<br><small>Eighth son of [[Albert II, Duke of Brunswick|Albert II]] and [[Rixa of Werle]]</small>
|align="center"|30 August 1344 – 24 April 1367||[[Principality of Göttingen]]||{{ill|Elisabeth of Hesse, Duchess of Brunswick-Göttingen|bg|Елизабет фон Хесен|lt=Elisabeth of Hesse}}<br>1337<br>three children
|align="center"|24 April 1367<br><small>aged 61–62</small>
|-style="background:#dce
|[[Albert I, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen|Albert I]] ||
|align="center"|{{circa|1339}}<br><small>First son of [[Ernest I, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen|Ernest I]] and Adelaide of Eberstein-Polle</small>
|align="center"|9 March 1361 – 1383
|rowspan="2"|[[Principality of Grubenhagen]] || {{ill|Agnes of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Duchess of Brunswick-Grubenhagen|bg|Агнес I фон Брауншвайг-Люнебург|lt=Agnes of Brunswick-Lüneburg}}<br>1371<br>one child
|align="center"|1383<br><small>aged 43–44</small>
|rowspan="3"| Children of Ernest I, divided their inheritance. John II abdicated 1364 to join the clergy and Albert became sole ruler.
|-style="background:#dce
|[[John II, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen|John II]] ||
|align="center"|{{circa|1339}}<br><small>Second son of [[Ernest I, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen|Ernest I]] and Adelaide of Eberstein-Polle</small>
|align="center"|9 March 1361 – 1364||''Unmarried''
|align="center"|18 January 1401<br><small>aged 61–62</small>
|-style="background:#dce
|[[Frederick I, Duke of Brunswick-Osterode|Frederick I]] ||
|align="center"|1350<br><small>Third son of [[Ernest I, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen|Ernest I]] and Adelaide of Eberstein-Polle</small>
|align="center"|9 March 1361 – 4 May 1421||[[Principality of Grubenhagen]]<br><small>(at [[Osterode am Harz|Osterode]])</small>|| {{ill|Adelaide of Anhalt-Bernburg|bg|Аделхайд фон Анхалт-Бернбург}}<br>one child
|align="center"|4 May 1421<br><small>aged 70–71</small>
|-style="background:#ade
|[[Otto I, Duke of Brunswick-Göttingen|Otto (II) ''the Evil'']] ||[[File:Otto der Quade 001.JPG|100px]] 
|align="center"|1330<br><small>Son of [[Ernest I, Duke of Brunswick-Göttingen|Ernest I]] and {{ill|Elisabeth of Hesse, Duchess of Brunswick-Göttingen|bg|Елизабет фон Хесен|lt=Elisabeth of Hesse}}</small>
|align="center"|24 April 1367 – 13 November 1394||[[Principality of Göttingen]] ||[[Mirolawa of Holstein-Plön]]<br><small>(d.1376)</small><br>19 November 1357<br>no children<br><br>{{ill|Margarethe of Jülich-Berg|bg|Маргарета фон Берг}}<br />1379<br />two children
|align="center"|13 November 1394<br>[[Hardegsen]]<br><small>aged 63–64</small>||
|-style="background:#ceb
|[[Magnus II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Magnus II ''of the Necklace'']] ''(Torquatus)''||[[File:Magnustorquatus gesamt.jpg|100px]]
|align="center"|1328<br><small>Son of [[Magnus I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Magnus I]] and [[Sophia of Brandenburg-Stendal]]</small>
|align="center"|1369 – 25 July 1373|| [[Principality of Wolfenbüttel]]<br><small>(with [[Principality of Lüneburg]])</small> ||[[Katherine of Anhalt-Bernburg]]<br />1327<br />eight children
|align="center"|25 July 1373<br>{{ill|Leveste|de}}<br><small>aged 44–45</small>|| Inherited Wolfenbüttel from his father. However, the [[Lüneburg War of Succession]] allowed his succession also in this duchy. However, the War of Succession brought, after his death, the dukes of Saxe-Wittenberg to the government.
|-style="background:#ffc
|colspan=8| After the death of [[Magnus II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Magnus II with the Necklace]], a treaty (the Reconciliation of Hanover) was agreed between the widow of Magnus II and her sons and the claimers, [[Albert of Saxe-Wittenberg, Duke of Lüneburg|Albert of Saxe-Wittenberg]] and his uncle [[Wenceslaus I, Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg|Duke Wenceslaus I of Saxe-Wittenberg]]: the estates of the Principality were to pay homage both to the Welfs and to the Ascanians, and the two noble houses would govern the state alternately. Initially, the land would be given to the two Ascanians from Wittenberg, and after their death it would go to the sons of the fallen Duke Magnus II.

After their death, rule of the Principality was to revert to the Ascanians. In order to underpin the agreement, in 1374 Albert of Saxe-Lüneburg married Catharina, the widow of Magnus II.  The treaty also envisaged the creation of a statutory body representing the estates, which was to supervise the treaty. However, 1373–1388 would be the only period in which a Brunswick-Luneburg land was not ruled by a Welf:

* [[Albert of Saxe-Wittenberg, Duke of Lüneburg|Albert of Saxe-Wittenberg]] (1373–1385), son of Elisabeth, daughter of William II.
* [[Wenceslaus I, Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg]] (1385–1388), uncle of the previous

In the wake of his death, Elector Wenceslas appointed Bernard, his brother-in-law, as co-regent involved him in the government. But his younger brother [[Henry I of Brunswick|Henry]] did not agree with this ruling, and after vain attempts to reach an agreement, the fight flared up again in the spring of 1388. Elector [[Wenceslas I of Saxe-Wittenberg|Wenceslas]] had to assemble an army without the help of Bernard, supported by the town of Lüneburg. From [[Winsen (Aller)|Winsen an der Aller]], he wanted to attack [[Celle]], which was held by Henry and his mother. During the preparations Elector Wenceslas fell seriously ill and died shortly thereafter. According to legend, he was poisoned.

Lüneburg continued the preparations, formed an alliance with the [[Bishopric of Minden|Bishop of Minden]] and [[County of Schaumburg|Count of Schaumburg]] and set up his own army. On 28 May 1388, battle was joined at Winsen an der Aller; it ended in victory for [[Henry I of Brunswick|Henry]]. According to the provisions of the Treaty of Hanover from the year 1373, after the death of Wensceslas, the Principality passed to the House of Welf. In 1389, an inheritance agreement between the Welfs and the Ascanians was concluded, the treaty of 1374 was abolished, and the Principality was secured for the Welfs.

|-style="background:#ceb"
|[[Frederick I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Frederick I]] || 
|align=center|1357<br><small>First son of [[Magnus II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Magnus II]] nad {{ill|Catherine of Anhalt-Bernburg|bg|Катарина фон Анхалт-Бернбург}}</small>
|align=center|25 July 1373 – 5 June 1400|| [[Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|Principality of Wolfenbüttel]]||[[Anna of Saxe-Wittenberg]]<br />1386<br />two children
|align=center|5 June 1400<br>[[Borken, Hesse|Kleinenglis]]<br><small>aged 42–43</small>
|rowspan="5"| Children of Magnus II. As the eldest, Frederick inherited Wolfenbuttel alone, while his younger brothers held Luneburg sinceits recovery in 1388. After Frederick I's childless death in 1400, the remaining brothers exchanged feuds until 1428.
|-style="background:#ffc"
|rowspan="2"|[[Henry the Mild, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Henry (I) ''the Mild'']]
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Heinrichvonbraunschweiglueneburg(gest.1416).jpg|100px]]
|rowspan="2" align=center|1355<br><small>Second son of [[Magnus II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Magnus II]] and {{ill|Catherine of Anhalt-Bernburg|bg|Катарина фон Анхалт-Бернбург}}</small>
|align=center|15 May 1388 – 14 October 1416|| [[Principality of Lüneburg]] 
|rowspan="2"|[[Sophia of Pomerania, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Sophia of Pomerania]]<br />11 November 1388<br />two children<br /><br />{{ill|Margaret of Hesse, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg|bg|Маргарета фон Хесен|lt=Margaret of Hesse}}<br />30 January 1409<br>[[Kassel]]<br>one child
|rowspan="2" align=center|14 October 1416<br><small>aged 60–61</small>
|-style="background:#ceb"
|align=center|5 June 1400 – 1409|| [[Principality of Wolfenbüttel]]
|-style="background:#ffc"
|rowspan="2"|[[Bernard I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Bernard I]]
|rowspan="2"|[[File:BernhardIvonbraunschweig-lüneburg.jpg|100px]]
|rowspan="2" align=center|1358<br><small>Third son of [[Magnus II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Magnus II]] and {{ill|Catherine of Anhalt-Bernburg|bg|Катарина фон Анхалт-Бернбург}}</small>
|align=center|15 May 1388 – 1409<br><br>1428 – 11 June 1434|| [[Principality of Lüneburg]] 
|rowspan="2"|{{ill|Margaret of Saxe-Wittenberg, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg|bg|Маргарета фон Саксония-Витенберг|lt=Margaret of Saxe-Wittenberg}}<br />1386<br />three children<br />
|align=center rowspan="2"|11 June 1434<br>[[Celle]]<br><small>aged 75–76</small>
|-style="background:#ceb"
|align=center|1409 – 1428|| [[Principality of Wolfenbüttel]]
|-style="background:#dce"
|align="center" colspan="7"| <small>''Regency of [[Frederick I, Duke of Brunswick-Osterode]] (1383–1401)''</small>
|rowspan="2"|
|-style="background:#dce"
|[[Eric I, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen|Eric I ''the Winner'']] ||
|align="center"|{{circa|1380}}<br><small>Son of [[Albert I, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen|Albert I]] and {{ill|Agnes of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Duchess of Brunswick-Grubenhagen|bg|Агнес I фон Брауншвайг-Люнебург|lt=Agnes of Brunswick-Lüneburg}}</small>
|align="center"|1383 – 28 May 1427||[[Principality of Grubenhagen]] || {{ill|Elisabeth of Brunswick-Göttingen, Duchess of Brunswick-Grubenhagen|bg|Елизабет фон Брауншвайг-Гьотинген|lt=Elisabeth of Brunswick-Göttingen}}<br>six children
|align="center"|28 May 1427<br><small>aged 46–47</small> 
|-style="background:#ade"
|[[Otto II, Duke of Brunswick-Göttingen|Otto (III) ''the One-Eyed'']] || 
|align="center"|1380<br><small>Son of [[Otto I, Duke of Brunswick-Göttingen|Otto (II)]] and {{ill|Margarethe of Jülich-Berg|bg|Маргарета фон Берг}}</small>
|align="center"|13 November 1394 – 6 February 1463||[[Principality of Göttingen]] ||[[Agnes of Hesse]]<br>1408<br>one child
|align="center"|6 February 1463<br>[[Uslar]]<br><small>aged 82–83</small>|| With no male heirs, after his death Göttingen is absorbed by [[Principality of Calenberg|Calenberg]].
|-style="background:#ade"
|align=center colspan=8|''Göttingen annexed to Calenberg''
|-style="background:#ffdaed"
|rowspan="3"|[[William the Victorious, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|William (III & I) ''the Victorious'']]
|rowspan="3"|[[File:Wilhelmdersiegreiche.jpg|100px]]
|rowspan="3" align=center|1392<br><small>Son of [[Henry the Mild, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Henry (I)]] and [[Sophia of Pomerania, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Sophia of Pomerania]]</small>
|style="background:#ffc" align=center|14 October 1416 – 1428
|style="background:#ffc"| [[Principality of Lüneburg]] 
|rowspan="3"|[[Cecilia of Brandenburg]]<br>30 May/6 June 1423<br>[[Berlin]]<br>two children<br><br>[[Matilda of Holstein-Pinneberg]]<br>1466<br>one child
|rowspan="3" align=center|25 July 1482<br><small>aged 89–90</small>
|rowspan="5"| Sons of Henry the Mild, ruled jointly. In 1428 they exchanged, with their uncle Bernard I, Lüneburg for Wolfenbüttel. In 1432 founded the Principality of Calenberg, a split-off from Lüneburg, and left the remaining Wolfenbüttel to his brother Henry IV. After the latter's death William took his lands. In 1463, attached the [[Principality of Göttingen]] to Calenberg. In 1473, William also annexed Wolfenbüttel.
|-style="background:#ceb"
|align=center|1428 – 1432|| [[Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|Principality of Wolfenbüttel]]
|-style="background:#ffdaed"
|align=center|1432 – 25 July 1482|| [[Principality of Calenberg]]<br><small>(with [[Principality of Göttingen|Principalities of Göttingen]] from 1463<br>and [[Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|Wolfenbüttel]] from 1473)</small>
|-style="background:#ceb"
|rowspan="2"|[[Henry the Peaceful, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Henry (II) ''the Peaceful'']]
|rowspan="2"|
|rowspan="2" align=center|1411<br><small>Son of [[Henry the Mild, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Henry (I)]] and {{ill|Margaret of Hesse, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg|bg|Маргарета фон Хесен|lt=Margaret of Hesse}}</small>
|style="background:#ffc" align=center|14 October 1416 – 1428
|style="background:#ffc"| [[Principality of Lüneburg]] 
|rowspan="2"|{{ill|Helena of Clèves|it|Elena di Kleve}}<br>1436<br>one child
|rowspan="2" align=center|7 December 1473<br><small>aged 61–62</small>
|-style="background:#ceb"
|align=center|1428 – 7 December 1473|| [[Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|Principality of Wolfenbüttel]]
|-style="background:#ceb"
|align=center colspan=8| ''Wolfenbüttel briefly annexed to Calenberg''
|-style="background:#dce"
|[[Otto II, Duke of Brunswick-Osterode|Otto II]] ||
|align=center|1396<br><small>Son of [[Frederick I, Duke of Brunswick-Osterode|Frederick I]] and {{ill|Adelaide of Anhalt-Bernburg|bg|Аделхайд фон Анхалт-Бернбург}}</small>
|align=center|4 May 1421 – 1452||[[Principality of Grubenhagen]]<br><small>(at [[Osterode am Harz|Osterode]])</small>|| [[Schonetta of Nassau-Weilburg]]<br><small>(d.1436)</small><br>1414<br>one child
|align=center|1452||After his death, Osterode returned to Grubenhagen.
|-style="background:#dce"
|align=center colspan=8| ''Osterode re-merged in Grubenhagen''
|-style="background:#dce"
|align="center"colspan="7"| <small>''Regency of [[Otto II, Duke of Brunswick-Osterode]] (1427–1440)''</small>
|rowspan="4"|Sons of Eric I, were under regency until 1440, when they divided Grubenhagen. Henry kept [[Heldenburg Castle]], and Albert [[Herzberg Castle]], but kept the joint rule at [[Osterode am Harz]] and [[Einbeck]]. Ernest didn't participate in the division, and abdicated in 1464, to become a [[canon (priest)|canon]] in [[Halberstadt]].
|-style="background:#dce"
|[[Henry III, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen|Henry III]] ||
|align=center|1416<br>[[Grubenhagen Castle (Einbeck)|Grubenhagen]]<br><small>First son of [[Eric I, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen|Eric I]] and {{ill|Elisabeth of Brunswick-Göttingen, Duchess of Brunswick-Grubenhagen|bg|Елизабет фон Брауншвайг-Гьотинген|lt=Elisabeth of Brunswick-Göttingen}}</small>
|align=center|28 May 1427 – 20 December 1464||[[Principality of Grubenhagen]]<br /><small>(at [[Heldenburg Castle|Heldenburg]] from 1440)</small> || [[Margaret of Żagań]]<br />before 27 June 1457<br />two children
|align=center|20 December 1464<br><small>aged 47–48</small>
|-style="background:#dce"
|[[Ernest II, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen|Ernest II]] ||
|align=center|1418<br><small>Second son of [[Eric I, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen|Eric I]] and {{ill|Elisabeth of Brunswick-Göttingen, Duchess of Brunswick-Grubenhagen|bg|Елизабет фон Брауншвайг-Гьотинген|lt=Elisabeth of Brunswick-Göttingen}}</small>
|align=center|28 May 1427 – 1466||[[Principality of Grubenhagen]] || ''Unmarried''
|align=center|1466<br><small>aged 47–48</small>
|-style="background:#dce"
|[[Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen|Albert II]] ||
|align=center|1 November 1419<br><small>Third son of [[Eric I, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen|Eric I]] and {{ill|Elisabeth of Brunswick-Göttingen, Duchess of Brunswick-Grubenhagen|bg|Елизабет фон Брауншвайг-Гьотинген|lt=Elisabeth of Brunswick-Göttingen}}</small>
|align=center|28 May 1427 – 15 August 1485||[[Principality of Grubenhagen]]<br><small>(at [[Herzberg Castle|Herzberg]])</small> || [[Elisabeth of Waldeck]]<br />15 October 1471<br />two children
|align=center|15 August 1485<br><small>aged 65</small>
|-style="background:#ffc"
|[[Otto I the Lame|Otto IV ''the Lame'']]||[[File:Otto the Lame.jpg|100px]]
|align=center|c.1400<br><small>First son of [[Bernard I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Bernard I]] and {{ill|Margaret of Saxe-Wittenberg, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg|bg|Маргарета фон Саксония-Витенберг|lt=Margaret of Saxe-Wittenberg}}</small>
|align=center|11 June 1434 – 1 June 1446
|rowspan="2"| [[Principality of Lüneburg]] ||[[Elisabeth of Eberstein]]<br />1425<br />one child<br />
|align=center|1 June 1446<br><small>aged 45–46</small>
|rowspan="2"| Ruled jointly. Their rule was marked by major building work to Celle Castle and also by numerous reforms which improved the legal situation of farmers vis-a-vis their local lords. Frederick abdicated to his sons and went to a monastery, but after the death of his son Otto, he left the monastery and resumed his rule.
|-style="background:#ffc"
|[[Frederick II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Frederick II ''the Pious'']]||[[File:Friedrichderfromme.jpg|100px]]
|align=center|1418<br><small>Second son of [[Bernard I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Bernard I]] and {{ill|Margaret of Saxe-Wittenberg, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg|bg|Маргарета фон Саксония-Витенберг|lt=Margaret of Saxe-Wittenberg}}</small>
|align=center|11 June 1434 – 1457<br><br>9 January 1471 – 19 March 1478||[[Magdalene of Brandenburg (1412-1454)|Magdalene of Brandenburg]]<br />3 July 1429<br />[[Tangermünde]]<br />three children
|align=center|19 March 1478<br>[[Celle]]<br><small>aged 59–60</small>
|-style="background:#ffc"
|[[Bernard II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Bernard II]]||[[File:41 Bernhard II.jpg|100px]]
|align=center|1437<br><small>First son of [[Frederick II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Frederick II]] and [[Magdalene of Brandenburg (1412-1454)|Magdalene of Brandenburg]]</small>
|align=center|1457 – 9 February 1464
|rowspan="2"| [[Principality of Lüneburg]]||[[Matilda of Holstein-Pinneberg]]<br>1463<br>no children
|align=center|9 February 1464<br>[[Celle]]<br><small>aged 26–27</small>
|rowspan="2"|Children of Frederick II, ruled jointly. Bernard was also [[Prince-Bishop of Hildesheim]].
|-style="background:#ffc"
|[[Otto the Magnanimous|Otto V ''the Magnanimous'']]||[[File:OttoIIBraunschwLüneburg.JPG|100px]]
|align=center|1439<br><small>First son of [[Frederick II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Frederick II]] and [[Magdalene of Brandenburg (1412-1454)|Magdalene of Brandenburg]]</small>
|align=center|1457 – 9 January 1471||[[Anne of Nassau-Siegen (d. 1514)|Anne of Nassau-Siegen]]<br>25 September 1467<br>[[Celle]]<br>two children
|align=center|9 January 1471<br>[[Celle]]<br><small>aged 31–32</small>
|- style="background:#dce"
|align="center"colspan="7"| <small>''Regency of [[Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen]] (1464–1479)''</small>
|rowspan="2"|With his uncle Albert, officialized the division of Grubenhagen. However, his death without descendants allowed his cousins (sons of Albert) to reunite Grubenhagen.
|- style="background:#dce"
|[[Henry IV, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen|Henry IV]]||
|align="center"|1460<br><small>Son of [[Henry III of Brunswick-Grubenhagen|Henry III]] and [[Margaret of Żagań]]</small>
|align="center"|20 December 1464 – 6 December 1526||[[Principality of Grubenhagen]]<br /><small>(at [[Heldenburg Castle|Heldenburg]])</small>|| {{ill|Elisabeth of Saxe-Lauenburg, Duchess of Brunswick-Grubenhagen|bg|Елизабет фон Саксония-Лауенбург|lt=Elisabeth of Saxe-Lauenburg}}<br />26 August 1494<br />[[Einbeck]]<br />no children
|align="center"|6 December 1526<br>[[Einbeck]]<br><small>aged 65–66</small>
|- style="background:#ffc"
|align="center"colspan="7"| <small>''Regency of [[Anne of Nassau-Siegen (d. 1514)|Anne of Nassau-Siegen]] (1478–1486)''</small>
|rowspan="2"|Son of Otto V. As he opposed to the newly elected Emperor [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]], the latter deposed him from the duchy and gave it to his sons.
|-style="background:#ffc"
|[[Henry the Middle, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Henry (III) ''the Middle'']]||[[File:HeinrichBraunschweigLüneburg.JPG|100px]]
|align="center"|15 September 1468<br>[[Lüneburg]]<br><small>Son of [[Otto the Magnanimous|Otto V]] and [[Anne of Nassau-Siegen (d. 1514)|Anne of Nassau-Siegen]]</small>
|align="center"|19 March 1478 – 1520|| [[Principality of Lüneburg]] ||[[Margaret of Saxony, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Margaret of Saxony]]<br />27 February 1487<br />[[Celle]]<br />seven children<br /><br />''Anna von Campe''<br />{{circa|1528}}?<br><small>(morganatic)</small><br>no children
|align="center"|19 February 1532<br>[[Wienhausen]]<br><small>aged 63</small>
|-style="background:#ffdaed"
|[[Frederick III, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Frederick III ''the Turbulent'']]||
|align=center|1424<br><small>First son of [[William the Victorious, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|William (III & I)]] and [[Cecilia of Brandenburg]]</small>
|align=center|25 July 1482 – 1485|| [[Principality of Calenberg]]<br><small>(at Calenberg proper)</small>||[[Anna of Brunswick-Grubenhagen-Einbeck]]<br />After 1460<br />no children<br /><br />[[Margaret of Rietberg]]<br />10 May 1483<br />no children
|align=center|5 March 1495<br>[[Hann. Münden]]<br><small>aged 70–71</small>
|rowspan="2"| Children of William III/I, divided their inheritance. Wiliam IV/II imprisoned by his brother Frederick, and took his place in Calenberg, reuniting the inheritance once again. William eventually abdicated of all his property to his sons.
|-style="background:#ffdaed"
||[[William IV, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|William (IV & II) ''the Younger'']]||[[File:Vilhelm den Yngre og Elisabet til Stolberg.JPG|100px]]
|align=center|1425<br><small>Second son of [[William the Victorious, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|William (III & I)]] and [[Cecilia of Brandenburg]]</small>
|align=center|25 July 1482 – 1495||[[Principality of Calenberg]]<br><small>(at [[Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|Wolfenbüttel]] until 1485; at [[Principality of Göttingen]] only since 1491)</small>||[[Elizabeth of Stolberg-Wernigerode]]<br />1444<br />three children
|align=center|7 July 1503<br>[[Hardegsen]]<br><small>aged 77–78</small>
|-style="background:#dce"
|align=center colspan=7|<small>''Regency of [[Henry IV, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen]] and [[Elisabeth of Waldeck]] (1485-1490)''</small>
|rowspan=2|In 1526 reunited Grubenhagen under his hands.
|-style="background:#dce"
|[[Philip I, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen|Philip I]] ||[[File:PhilippvonBraunschweigGrubenhagen.JPG|100px]]
|align=center|1476<br><small>Son of [[Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen|Albert II]] and [[Elisabeth of Waldeck]]</small>
|align=center|15 August 1485 – 4 September 1551||[[Principality of Grubenhagen|Grubenhagen]]<br /><small>(at [[Herzberg Castle|Herzberg]]; from 1526 in all Grubenhagen)</small> || ''Unknown''<br />before 1509<br />one child<br /><br />[[Catherine of Mansfeld-Vorderort|Catherine of Outer Mansfeld]]<br />{{circa|1510}}?<br />nine children
|align=center|4 September 1551<br>[[Herzberg am Harz]]<br><small>aged 74–75</small>
|-style="background:#ceb"
||[[Henry IV, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Henry (IV) ''the Elder'']]||
|align=center|14 June 1463<br><small>First son of [[William IV, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|William (IV & II)]] and [[Elisabeth of Stolberg-Wernigerode]]</small>
|align=center|1495 – 23 June 1514|| [[Principality of Wolfenbüttel]]||{{ill|Catherine of Pomerania-Wolgast, Duchess of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|pt|Catarina da Pomerânia|lt=Catherine of Pomerania-Wolgast}}<br>1486<br>nine children
|align=center|23 June 1514<br>[[Leer, Saxony|Leer]]<br><small>aged 51</small>
|rowspan="2" style="background:#ffdaed"| Children of William IV/II, initially ruled jointly, but in 1494, they officially divided their inheritance. 
|-style="background:#ffdaed"
||[[Eric I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Eric I ''the Elder'']]||[[File:Erik I, 1470-1549, hertig av Braunscweig-Calenberg - Nationalmuseum - 32848.tif|100px]]<br>
|align=center|16 February 1470<br>[[Neustadt am Rübenberge]]<br><small>Second son of [[William IV, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|William (IV & II)]] and [[Elisabeth of Stolberg-Wernigerode]]</small>
|align=center|1495 – 30 July 1540|| [[Principality of Calenberg]] ||[[Katharina of Saxony]]<br />1496/97<br />no children<br /><br />[[Elisabeth of Brandenburg, Duchess of Brunswick-Calenberg-Göttingen|Elisabeth of Brandenburg]]<br />7 July 1525<br />[[Stettin]]<br />four children
|align=center|30 July 1540<br>[[Haguenau]]<br><small>aged 70</small>
|-style="background:#ceb"
|[[Henry V, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Henry (V) ''the Younger'']]||[[File:Heinrich II. (der Jüngere) 1489-1568 01.jpg|100px]]
|align=center|10 November 1489<br>[[Wolfenbüttel]]<br><small>Son of [[Henry IV, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Henry (IV)]] and {{ill|Catherine of Pomerania-Wolgast, Duchess of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|pt|Catarina da Pomerânia|lt=Catherine of Pomerania-Wolgast}}</small>
|align=center|23 June 1514 – 11 June 1568|| [[Principality of Wolfenbüttel]]||[[Maria of Württemberg, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Maria of Württemberg]]<br />1515<br />eight children<br /><br />[[Sophia Jagiellon, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Sophia of Poland]]<br />22/25 February 1556<br />no children
|align=center|11 June 1568<br>[[Wolfenbüttel]]<br><small>aged 78</small>|| He was the last Catholic of his family. Under him the medieval fortress (''Burg'') was rebuilt into a castle (''Schloss''); he was a passionate opponent of the [[Lutheran]]s, and driving force behind the Catholic alliance established against the [[Schmalkaldic League]]; the disinheritance of a third son could not be carried out.
|-style="background:#ffc"
|[[Otto I, Duke of Brunswick-Harburg|Otto (VI & I)]]||[[File:Ottovonharburg.jpg|100px]]
|align=center|24 August 1495<br>[[Celle]]<br><small>First son of [[Henry I, Duke of Brunswick|Henry (III)]] and [[Margaret of Saxony, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Margaret of Saxony]]</small>
|align=center|1520 – 11 August 1549|| [[Principality of Lüneburg]]<br /><small>(at [[Harburg (quarter)|Harburg]] from 1527)</small> ||''Meta von Campe''<br />1527<br /><br><small>(morganatic)</small>no children
|align=center|11 August 1549<br>[[Harburg (quarter)|Harburg]]<br><small>aged 53</small>
|rowspan="3"|Sons of Henry VII, ruled jointly. Otto abdicated in 1527 and founded his own estate, the [[Harburg (quarter)|Lordship of Harburg]], which passed to his own descendants. Ernest was a champion of the [[Protestant]] cause during the early years of the Protestant [[Reformation]]. Francis started his co-rulership in 1536, and abdicated three years later to rule in his own estate, the Principality of Gifhorn, which was reannexed to Lüneburg after his death as he left no descendants.
|-style="background:#ffc"
|[[Ernest I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Ernest I ''the Confessor'']]||[[File:Lucas Cranach d.Ä. (Werkst.) - Ernst der Bekenner, Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg-Celle.jpg|100px]]
|align=center|27 June 1497<br>[[Uelzen]]<br><small>Second son of [[Henry I, Duke of Brunswick|Henry (III)]] and [[Margaret of Saxony, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Margaret of Saxony]]</small>
|align=center|1520 – 11 January 1546|| [[Principality of Lüneburg]] ||[[Sophia of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Sophia of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]]<br />2 June 1528<br />[[Schwerin]]<br />seven children
|align=center|11 January 1546<br>[[Celle]]<br><small>aged 48</small>
|-style="background:#ffc"
|[[Francis, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Francis]]||[[File:Herzog Franz Gifhorn Zeichnung.jpg|100px]]
|align=center|23 November 1508<br>[[Uelzen]]<br><small>Third son of [[Henry I, Duke of Brunswick|Henry (III)]] and [[Margaret of Saxony, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Margaret of Saxony]]</small>
|align=center|1520 – 23 November 1549|| [[Principality of Lüneburg]]<br><small>(at [[Duchy of Gifhorn]] from 1539)</small> ||[[Clara of Saxe-Lauenburg]]<br />29 September 1547<br />[[Amt Neuhaus]]<br />seven children 
|align=center|23 November 1549<br>[[Gifhorn]]<br><small>aged 41</small>
|-style="background:#ffc"
|align=center colspan=8|''Gifhorn re-merged in Lüneburg''
|- style="background:#ffdaed"
|align="center"colspan="7"| <small>''Regencies of [[Elisabeth of Brandenburg, Duchess of Brunswick-Calenberg-Göttingen|Elisabeth of Brandenburg]] and [[Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse]] (1540–1545)''</small>
|rowspan="2"|During his regency, his mother implemented the [[Reformation]] in Calenberg. She also wrote a "government manual" for Eric, with important advice that should serve him as a guide. Left no descendants, and Calenberg was annexed to Wolfenbüttel.
|-style="background:#ffdaed"
|[[Eric II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Eric II ''the Younger'']]||[[File:Eric II of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1528-1584), Duke of Calenberg-Göttingen.jpg|100px]]
|align=center|10 August 1528<br>[[Dassel]]<br><small>Son of [[Eric I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Eric I]] and [[Elisabeth of Brandenburg, Duchess of Brunswick-Calenberg-Göttingen|Elisabeth of Brandenburg]]</small>
|align=center|30 July 1540 – 17 November 1584|| [[Principality of Calenberg]] ||[[Sidonie of Saxony]]<br />17 May 1545<br />[[Hann. Münden]]<br />no children<br /><br />[[Dorothea of Lorraine]]<br />26 November 1575<br />[[Nancy, France|Nancy]]<br />no children
|align=center|17 November 1584<br>[[Pavia]]<br><small>aged 56</small>
|-style="background:#ffdaed"
|colspan=8 align="center"|''Calenberg annexed to [[Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|Wolfenbüttel]]''
|-style="background:#ffc"
|colspan=7 align="center"|<small>''Council of Regency (1546–1555)''</small>
|rowspan="2"|Left no descendants. The land passed to his brothers.
|-style="background:#ffc"
|[[Francis Otto, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Francis Otto]]||[[File:Franzottobraunschweiglueneburg.jpg|100px]]
|align=center|20 June 1530<br>[[Celle]]<br><small>First son of [[Ernest I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Ernest I]] and [[Sophia of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Sophia of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]]</small>
|align=center|11 January 1546 – 29 April 1559|| [[Principality of Lüneburg]] ||{{ill|Elisabeth Magdalena of Brandenburg|de|Elisabeth Magdalene von Brandenburg}}<br />5 February 1559<br />no children
|align=center|29 April 1559<br>[[Celle]]<br><small>aged 28</small>
|-style="background:#ffc"
|[[Otto II, Duke of Brunswick-Harburg|Otto II ''the Famous'']]||
|align=center|25 September 1528<br>[[Celle]]<br><small>Son of [[Otto I, Duke of Brunswick-Harburg|Otto (VI & I)]] and Meta von Campe</small>
|align=center|11 August 1549 – 26 October 1603|| [[Principality of Lüneburg]]<br /><small>(at [[Harburg (quarter)|Harburg]])</small> ||[[Margaret of Schwarzburg-Leutenberg]]<br />8 September 1551<br />four children<br /><br />[[Hedwig of East Frisia]]<br />8 October 1562<br />twelve children
|align=center|26 October 1603<br>[[Harburg (quarter)|Harburg]]<br><small>aged 75</small>||
|-style="background:#ffdaed"
|[[Ernest III, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen|Ernest III]] ||[[File:Ernest III de Brunswick-Grubenhagen 04110.JPG|100px]]
|align=center|17 December 1518<br>[[Osterode am Harz]]<br><small>First son of [[Philip I, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen|Philip I]] and [[Catherine of Mansfeld-Vorderort|Catherine of Outer Mansfeld]]</small>
|align=center|4 September 1551 – 2 April 1567||[[Principality of Grubenhagen|Grubenhagen]]|| [[Margaret of Pomerania-Wolgast]]<br />9 October 1547<br />[[Wolgast]]<br />one child
|align=center|2 April 1567<br>[[Herzberg am Harz]]<br><small>aged 48</small>|| Left no male descendants. The land passed to his brother Wolfgang.
|-style="background:#ffc"
|[[Henry, Duke of Brunswick-Dannenberg|Henry (VI)]]||
|align=center|4 June 1533<br>[[Lüchow-Dannenberg]]<br><small>Third son of [[Ernest I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Ernest I]] and [[Sophia of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Sophia of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]]</small>
|align=center|29 April 1559 – 19 January 1598|| [[Principality of Lüneburg]]<br /><small>(from 1569 in [[Dannenberg (Elbe)|Dannenberg]])</small> ||[[Ursula of Saxe-Lauenburg]]<br />1569<br />seven children
|align=center|19 January 1598<br>[[Dannenberg (Elbe)|Dannenberg]]<br><small>aged 64</small>
|rowspan="2"|Brothers of Francis Otto, initially ruled jointly. In 1569, Henry founded the duchy of [[Dannenberg (Elbe)|Dannenberg]], which left to his own descendants. William ruled alone from 1569.
|-style="background:#ffc"
|[[William the Younger, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|William V ''the Young'']]||[[File:Wilhelmderjüngere.jpg|100px]]
|align=center|4 July 1535<br><small>Fourth son of [[Ernest I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Ernest I]] and [[Sophia of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Sophia of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]]</small>
|align=center|29 April 1559 – 20 August 1592|| [[Principality of Lüneburg]] ||[[Dorothea of Denmark, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Dorothea of Denmark]]<br />12 October 1561<br />fifteen children
|align=center|20 August 1592<br><small>aged 57</small>
|-style="background:#dce"
|[[Wolfgang, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen|Wolfgang]] ||
|align=center|6 April 1531<br>[[Herzberg am Harz]]<br><small>Fifth son of [[Philip I, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen|Philip I]] and [[Catherine of Mansfeld-Vorderort|Catherine of Outer Mansfeld]]</small>
|align=center|2 April 1567 – 14 May 1595||[[Principality of Grubenhagen]]|| [[Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg]]<br />10 December 1570<br />[[Osterode am Harz]]<br />no children
|align=center|14 May 1595<br>[[Herzberg am Harz]]<br><small>aged 64</small>|| Like most of his predecessors, he had financial problems, so he was often forced to sell or pledge major parts of his possession and he had to demand high taxes. As he left no male descendants, the land passed to his brother Philip.
|-style="background:#ceb"
||[[Julius, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Julius]]||[[File:Herzog Julius Wolfenbüttel.jpg|100px]]
|align=center|29 June 1528<br>[[Wolfenbüttel]]<br><small>Son of [[Henry V, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Henry (V)]] and [[Maria of Württemberg, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Maria of Württemberg]]</small>
|align=center|11 June 1568 – 3 May 1589|| [[Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|Principality of Wolfenbüttel]]||[[Hedwig of Brandenburg, Duchess of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|Hedwig of Brandenburg]]<br />25 February 1560<br />[[Cölln]]<br />eleven children
|align=center|3 May 1589<br>[[Wolfenbüttel]]<br><small>aged </small>|| In 1584 Julius absorbed the Principality of Calenberg. By embracing the Protestant [[Reformation]], establishing the [[University of Helmstedt]], and introducing a series of administrative reforms, Julius was one of the most important Brunswick dukes in the early modern era. 
|-style="background:#ffc"
|[[Ernest II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Ernest II]]||[[File:Herzog Ernst II Braunschweig-Lueneburg.JPG|100px]]
|align=center|31 December 1564<br>[[Celle]]<small>First son of [[William the Younger, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|William V]] and [[Dorothea of Denmark, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Dorothea of Denmark]]</small>
|align=center|20 August 1592 – 2 March 1611|| [[Principality of Lüneburg]] ||''Unmarried''
|align=center|2 March 1611<br>[[Celle]]<br><small>aged 46</small>||Left no descendants. The land passed to his brother, Christian.
|-style="background:#ceb"
|[[Henry Julius, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Henry Julius]]||[[File:Heinrich Julius Braunschweig MATEO.jpg|100px]]
|align=center|15 October 1564<br>[[Hessen (Osterwieck)|Hessen]]<br><small>Son of [[Julius, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Julius]] and [[Hedwig of Brandenburg, Duchess of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|Hedwig of Brandenburg]]</small>
|align=center|3 May 1589 – 30 July 1613|| [[Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|Principality of Wolfenbüttel]] ||[[Dorothea of Saxony]]<br />26 September 1585<br />[[Wolfenbüttel]]<br />one child<br /><br />[[Elizabeth of Denmark, Duchess of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|Elizabeth of Denmark]]<br />19 April 1590<br />[[Cölln]]<br />ten children
|align=center|30 July 1613<br>[[Prague]]<br><small>aged 48</small>|| In 1596 occupied Grubenhagen.
|-style="background:#dce"
|[[Philip II, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen|Philip II]] ||
|align=center|2 May 1533<br><small>Sixth son of [[Philip I, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen|Philip I]] and [[Catherine of Mansfeld-Vorderort|Catherine of Outer Mansfeld]]</small>
|align=center|14 May 1595 – 4 April 1596||[[Principality of Grubenhagen]]|| [[Clara of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]]<br>1 July 1560<br>[[Wolfenbüttel]]<br />no children
|align=center|4 April 1596<br><small>aged 62</small>|| As he left no male descendants, the land had no heir and was occupied by the Principality of Wolfenbüttel.
|-style="background:#dce"
|colspan="8" align="center"|''Grubenhagen annexed to Wolfenbüttel, and then definitely to Lüneburg''
|-style="background:#ffc"
|[[Julius Ernst, Duke of Brunswick-Dannenberg|Julius Ernest]]||
|align=center|11 March 1571<br>[[Lüchow-Dannenberg]]<br><small>Son of [[Henry, Duke of Brunswick-Dannenberg|Henry (VI)]] and [[Ursula of Saxe-Lauenburg]]</small>
|align=center|19 January 1598 – 26 October 1636|| [[Principality of Lüneburg]]<br /><small>(at [[Dannenberg (Elbe)|Dannenberg]])</small> ||[[Maria of East Frisia]]<br />1 September 1614<br />two children<br /><br />[[Sybille of Brunswick-Lüneburg]]<br />1616<br />two children
|align=center|26 October 1636<br><small>aged 65</small>||Left no descendants. The short-lived Dannenberg principality reverted to Lüneburg.
|-style="background:#ffc"
|colspan="8" align="center"|''Dannenberg annexed to Lüneburg''
|-style="background:#ffc
|[[William Augustus, Duke of Brunswick-Harburg|William Augustus]]||[[File:WilhelmAugustBraunschweigHarburg.jpg|100px]]
|align=center|15 March 1564<br>[[Harburg (quarter)|Harburg]]<br><small>First son of [[Otto II, Duke of Brunswick-Harburg|Otto II]] and [[Hedwig of East Frisia]]</small>
|align=center|26 October 1603 – 30 March 1642
|rowspan=3| [[Principality of Lüneburg]]<br /><small>(in [[Harburg (quarter)|Harburg]])</small> ||''Unmarried''
|align=center|30 March 1642<br>[[Harburg (quarter)|Harburg]]<br><small>aged 78</small>
|rowspan="3"| Sons of Otto II, ruled together in Harburg. After William Augustus' death, the lordship reunited with Lüneburg.
|-style="background:#ffc
|[[Christopher, Duke of Brunswick-Harburg|Christopher]]||
|align=center|21 August 1570<br>[[Harburg (quarter)|Harburg]]<br><small>Fourth son of [[Otto II, Duke of Brunswick-Harburg|Otto II]] and [[Hedwig of East Frisia]]</small>
|align=center|26 October 1603 – 7 July 1606||[[Elisabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (1567–1618)|Elisabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]]<br />28 October 1604<br />[[Harburg (quarter)|Harburg]]<br />no children
|align=center|7 July 1606<br>[[Harburg (quarter)|Harburg]]<br><small>aged 35</small>
|-style="background:#ffc
|[[Otto III, Duke of Brunswick-Harburg|Otto III]]||[[File:OttoIIIBraunschweigHarburg.JPG|100px]]
|align=center|20 March 1572<br>[[Harburg (quarter)|Harburg]]<br><small>Fifth son of [[Otto II, Duke of Brunswick-Harburg|Otto II]] and [[Hedwig of East Frisia]]</small>
|align=center|26 October 1603 – 4 August 1641||[[Hedwig of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (1580-1657)|Hedwig of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]]<br />14 April 1621<br />[[Wolfenbüttel]]<br />no children
|align=center|4 August 1641<br>[[Harburg (quarter)|Harburg]]<br><small>aged 69</small>
|-style="background:#ffc
|align=center colspan=8|''Harburg re-merged in Lüneburg''
|-style="background:#ffc
||[[Christian, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Christian ''the Elder'']]||[[File:Christianderälterevonbraunschweig-lüneburg.jpg|100px]]
|align=center|9 November 1566<br>[[Celle]]<br><small>Second son of [[William the Younger, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|William V]] and [[Dorothea of Denmark, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Dorothea of Denmark]]</small>
|align=center|2 March 1611 – 8 November 1633|| [[Principality of Lüneburg]]<br /><small>(with [[Principality of Grubenhagen|Grubenhagen]] from 1617)</small>||''Unmarried''
|align=center|8 November 1633<br>[[Celle]]<br><small>aged 66</small>|| Absorbed Grubenhagen from Wolfenbüttel. As he left no descendants, the land passed to his brother, Augustus. Grubenhagen is definitively annexed to Lüneburg.
|- style="background:#ceb
|align="center"colspan="7"| <small>''Regency of [[Elizabeth of Denmark, Duchess of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|Elizabeth of Denmark]] (1616–1622)''</small>
|rowspan="3"|Children of Henry Julius. Frederick Ulirch inheriteed the major duchy, and Sophie Hedwig a seat at [[Spiegelberg]]. Because of his alcoholism, Frederick Ulrich was deposed by his own mother, with the help of her brother, [[Christian IV of Denmark]]. She took the regency in his name. During her regency, Elizabeth lost in 1617 the Principality of Grubenhagen and left the government business for [[Anton von Streithorst]], who nearly ruined the state by minting coins from cheap metals and thus causing [[inflation]]. Because of the bad situation of the state, the king of Denmark had Frederick take control of the government again. Frederick didn't leave descendants, and his lands passed to collateral lines of the Lüneburg Welfs.
|-style="background:#ceb
|[[Frederick Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Frederick Ulrich ''the Lasting'']]<ref name="Fruit"/>||[[File:Arolsen Klebeband 01 225 2.jpg|100px]]
|align=center|5 April 1591<br>[[Wolfenbüttel]]<br><small>Son of [[Henry Julius, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Henry Julius]] and [[Elizabeth of Denmark, Duchess of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|Elizabeth of Denmark]]</small>
|align=center|1613 – 11 August 1634|| [[Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|Principality of Wolfenbüttel]]||[[Anna Sophia of Brandenburg, Duchess of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|Anna Sophia of Brandenburg]]<br>4 September 1614<br>[[Wolfenbüttel]]<br>no children
|align=center|11 August 1634<br>[[Braunschweig]]<br><small>aged 43</small>
|-style="background:#ceb
|[[Sophia Hedwig of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Sophia Hedwig]]||[[File:Sophia Hedwig van Brunswijk-Wolfenbüttel, gravin van Nassau-Dietz.jpg|100px]]
|align=center|13 June 1592<br>[[Wolfenbüttel]]<br><small>Daughter of [[Henry Julius, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Henry Julius]] and [[Elizabeth of Denmark, Duchess of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|Elizabeth of Denmark]]</small>
|align=center|1613 – 13 January 1642|| [[Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|Principality of Wolfenbüttel]]<br><small>(at [[Spiegelberg]])</small>||[[Ernest Casimir I, Count of Nassau-Dietz]]<br />8 June 1607<br>[[Dillenburg]]<br>two children
|align=center|13 January 1642<br>[[Arnhem]]<br><small>aged 49</small>
|-style="background:#ffc
|[[Augustus the Elder, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Augustus ''the Elder'']]||[[File:Augustderälterevonbraunschweiglüneburger(gest.1636).jpg|100px]]
|align=center|18 November 1568<br>[[Celle]]<br><small>Third son of [[William the Younger, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|William V]] and [[Dorothea of Denmark, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Dorothea of Denmark]]</small>
|align=center|8 November 1633 – 1 October 1636|| [[Principality of Lüneburg]]||''Unmarried''
|align=center|1 October 1636<br>[[Celle]]<br><small>aged 67</small>||No legitimate issue. The land passed to his brother, Frederick IV.
|-style="background:#ceb
|[[Augustus the Younger, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Augustus ''the Younger'']]<ref name="Fruit1">Known in the [[Fruitbearing Society]] as ''the Liberator''</ref>||[[File:August d.J..jpg|100px]]
|align=center|10 April 1579<br>[[Dannenberg (Elbe)|Dannenberg]]
|align=center|11 August 1634 – 17 September 1666|| [[Principality of Wolfenbüttel]]||[[Clara Maria of Pomerania-Barth]]<br>13 December 1607<br>[[Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz|Strelitz]]<br>two children<br><br>[[Dorothea of Anhalt-Zerbst]]<br>26 October 1623<br>[[Zerbst]]<br>five children<br><br>[[Duchess Elisabeth Sophie of Mecklenburg|Elisabeth Sophie of Mecklenburg]]<br>1635<br>two children
|align=center|17 September 1666<br>[[Wolfenbüttel]]<br><small>aged 87</small>||Younger son of Henry (VI). Inherited Wolfenbüttel from his cousin Frederick Ulrich, who had left no descendants. In 1643 he moved into the Residence at [[Wolfenbüttel]], was the founder of a barock theatre and the [[Herzog August Library|Bibliotheca Augusta]].
|-style="background:#ffdaed
|[[George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|George ''the Catcher'']]<ref name="Fruit">Nickname given to him by the [[Fruitbearing Society]].</ref>||[[File:Georg (Braunschweig-Calenberg) Residenzmuseum Celle.JPG|100px]]
|align=center|17 February 1582<br>[[Celle]]<br><small>Sixth son of [[William the Younger, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|William V]] and [[Dorothea of Denmark, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Dorothea of Denmark]]</small>
|align=center|11 August 1634 – 2 April 1641|| [[Principality of Calenberg]]||[[Anne Eleonore of Hesse-Darmstadt]]<br />14 December 1617<br />[[Darmstadt]]<br />eight children
|align=center|2 April 1641<br>[[Hildesheim]]<br><small>aged 59</small>||Inherited Calenberg from his cousin Frederick Ulrich, who had left no descendants. Abdicated to his son in 1641.
|-style="background:#ffc
|[[Frederick IV, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Frederick IV]]||[[File:Friedrich IV. Braunschweig-Lüneburg (1574-1648).jpg|100px]]
|align=center|28 August 1574<br>[[Celle]]<br><small>Fourth son of [[William the Younger, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|William V]] and [[Dorothea of Denmark, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Dorothea of Denmark]]</small>
|align=center|1 October 1636 – 10 December 1648|| [[Principality of Lüneburg]] ||''Unmarried''
|align=center|10 December 1648<br>[[Celle]]<br><small>aged 74</small>||As he left no descendants, the land passed to a nephew, Christian Louis, son of Frederick's brother [[George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|George]]. 
|-style="background:#ffc
|rowspan="2"|[[Christian Louis, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Christian Louis ''the Pure-Hearted'']]<ref name="Fruit"/>
|rowspan="2"|[[File:ChristianLudwig(1622-1665).jpg|100px]]
|rowspan="2" align=center|25 February 1622<br>[[Herzberg Castle]]<br><small>First son of [[George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|George]] and [[Anne Eleonore of Hesse-Darmstadt]]</small>
|align=center style="background:#ffdaed|1641 – 10 December 1648
|style="background:#ffdaed| [[Principality of Calenberg]] 
|rowspan="2"|[[Sophia Dorothea of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg]]<br />9 October 1653<br />no children
|rowspan="2" align=center|15 March 1665<br>[[Celle]]<br><small>aged 43</small>
|rowspan="2"| In 1648 inherited the Principality of Lüneburg from his uncle Frederick IV, he gave Calenberg to his younger brother George William, and instead ruled the larger territory of Lüneburg.
|-style="background:#ffc
|align=center|10 December 1648 – 15 March 1665|| [[Principality of Lüneburg]] 
|-style="background:#ffc
|rowspan="2"|[[George William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|George William]]
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Georg Wilhelm (Braunschweig-Lüneburg)@Residenzmuseum Celle20160708 05.jpg|100px]]
|rowspan="2" align=center|26 January 1624<br>[[Herzberg Castle]]<br><small>Second son of [[George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|George]] and [[Anne Eleonore of Hesse-Darmstadt]]</small>
|align=center style="background:#ffdaed|10 December 1648 – 15 March 1665
|style="background:#ffdaed| [[Principality of Calenberg]] 
|rowspan="2"|[[Éléonore Desmier d'Olbreuse]]<br />1676<br />one child
|rowspan="2" align=center|28 August 1705<br>[[Wienhausen]]<br><small>aged 81</small>
|rowspan="2"| When his brother, Christian Louis died childless in 1665, George William inherited Luneburg. He then gave Calenberg to his next brother, John Frederick. At his death without male descendants, the land passed to his son-in-law, the [[Elector of Hanover]]. Lüneburg is annexed to Hanover.
|-style="background:#ffc
|align=center|15 March 1665 – 28 August 1705|| [[Principality of Lüneburg]] 
|-style="background:#ffc
|colspan="8" align="center"|''Lüneburg definitely annexed to Hanôver''
|-style="background:#ceb
|[[Rudolf Augustus of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|Rudolf Augustus]]||[[File:RudolphAugust by HansHinrichRundt.jpg|100px]]
|align=center|16 May 1627<br>[[Hitzacker]]<br><small>Second son of [[Augustus the Younger, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Augustus]] and [[Dorothea of Anhalt-Zerbst]]</small>
|align=center|17 September 1666 – 26 January 1704
|rowspan="2"| [[Principality of Wolfenbüttel]]||[[Christiane Elizabeth of Barby-Mühlingen]]<br />1650<br />three children<br /><br />[[Rosine Elisabeth Menthe]]<br />1681<br />''(morganatic)''<br />no children
|align=center|26 January 1704<br>[[Kissenbrück]]<br><small>aged 76</small>
|rowspan="3"| Sons of Augustus ''the Younger'', the eldest two ruled jointly from 1685 to 1702. The youngest, Ferdinand Albert, ruled from the town of [[Bevern, Lower Saxony|Bevern]]. According to reports dating to 1677, Rudolf Augustus slashed a way through the Lechlum Forest, the ''Alten Weg'' ("Old Way"), later the "Barock Road" between the ''[[Lustschloss]]'' of ''Antoinettenruh'' via the little barock castle [later the ''Sternhaus''] to the [[Großes Weghaus]] at [[Stöckheim-Leiferde|Stöckheim]]; in 1671 captured the town and fortress of Brunswick. After the death of Rudolf Augustus, Anthony Ulrich returned to the throne and ruled alone. A politician, art lover and poet, he founded a museum named after him in Brunswick; he had also [[Salzdahlum Castle]] built.
|-style="background:#ceb
|[[Anthony Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|Anthony Ulrich ''the Victorious'']]||[[File:Christoph Bernhard Francke - Herzog Anton Ulrich von Braunschweig (1633-1714).jpg|100px]]
|align=center|4 October 1633<br><small>Third son of [[Augustus the Younger, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Augustus]] and [[Dorothea of Anhalt-Zerbst]]</small>
|align=center|18 April 1685 – 27 March 1714||[[Elizabeth Juliana of Schleswig-Holstein-Sønderburg-Nordborg]]<br />17 August 1656<br />thirteen children
|align=center|27 March 1714<br>[[Salzdahlum]]<br><small>aged 80</small>
|-style="background:#ceb
|[[Ferdinand Albert I, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel-Bevern|Ferdinand Albert I ''the Wonderful'']]<ref name="Fruit"/>||[[File:FerdinandAlbrechtIBraunschweig.jpg|100px]]
|align=center|22 May 1636<br>[[Braunschweig]]<br><small>Son of [[Augustus the Younger, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Augustus]] and [[Duchess Elisabeth Sophie of Mecklenburg|Elisabeth Sophie of Mecklenburg]]</small>
|align=center|17 September 1666 – 23 April 1687|| [[Principality of Wolfenbüttel]]<br><small>(at [[Bevern, Lower Saxony|Bevern]])</small>||[[Princess Christine of Hesse-Eschwege|Christine of Hesse-Eschwege]]<br />25 November 1667<br />[[Eschwege]]<br />six children
|align=center|23 April 1687<br>[[Bevern, Lower Saxony|Bevern]]<br><small>aged 50</small>
|-style="background:#ffdaed
|[[John Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|John Frederick]]||[[File:Johann Hulsmann - Joh Friedrich Herzog von Braunschweig-Luneberg-Kalenburg - 1675.jpg|100px]]
|align=center|25 April 1625<br>[[Herzberg Castle]]<br><small>Third son of [[George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|George]] and [[Anne Eleonore of Hesse-Darmstadt]]</small>
|align=center|1665 – 18 December 1679|| [[Principality of Calenberg]] ||[[Benedicta Henrietta of the Palatinate]]<br>30 November 1668<br>[[Hanover]]<br />three children
|align=center|18 December 1679<br>[[Augsburg]]<br><small>aged 54</small>|| As he left no male heirs, the land passed to his younger brother, Ernest Augustus.
|-style="background:#ffdaed
||[[Ernest Augustus, Elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Ernest Augustus I]]||[[File:Celle Schloss Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover 01.JPG|100px]]
|align=center|20 November 1629<br>[[Herzberg Castle]]<br><small>Fourth son of [[George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|George]] and [[Anne Eleonore of Hesse-Darmstadt]]</small>
|align=center|18 December 1679 – 23 January 1698|| [[Principality of Calenberg]]<br><small>(until 1692)</small><br><br>[[Electorate of Hanover]]<br><small>(from 1692)</small>||[[Sophia of Hanover|Sophia of the Palatinate]]<br />30 September 1658<br />[[Heidelberg]]<br />seven children
|align=center|23 January 1698<br>[[Herrenhausen Palace]]<br><small>aged 68</small>
|| In 1692, he was appointed [[Prince-elector]] by [[Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor]], thus raising the House of Welf to electoral dignity. The old Principality of Calenberg thus adopted the new name of [[Electorate of Hanover]].
|-style="background:#ffdaed
||[[George I of Great Britain|George I Louis]]||[[File:King George I by Sir Godfrey Kneller, Bt (3).jpg|100px]]
|align=center|28 May 1660<br>[[Hanover]]<br><small>Son of [[Ernest Augustus, Elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Ernest Augustus I]] and [[Sophia of Hanover|Sophia of the Palatinate]]</small>
|align=center|23 January 1698 – 11 June 1727|| [[Electorate of Hanover]] ||[[Sophia Dorothea of Celle|Sophia Dorothea of Brunswick-Lüneburg]]<br />22 November 1682<br />[[Celle]]<br />''(annulled 1694)''<br />two children
|align=center|11 June 1727<br>[[Osnabrück]]<br><small>aged 67</small>|| The electorship became effective under his rule. In 1705 reunited his father-in-law's princedom of Lüneburg to the Electorate. In 1714 was chosen for [[List of British monarchs|King of Great Britain]], starting a [[personal union]] between Hanover and this new country. Lüneburg was definitely annexed to the Electorate. Thus the [[Principality of Wolfenbüttel|Wolfenbüttel]] was the remaining old land of Brunswick-Lüneburg that remained separate.
|-style="background:#ceb
|[[Augustus William, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|Augustus William]]||[[File:Augustus William, duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel.jpg|100px]]
|align=center|8 March 1662<br>[[Wolfenbüttel]]<br><small>Son of [[Anthony Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|Anton Ulrich]] and [[Princess Elisabeth Juliana of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Norburg|Elisabeth Juliana of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Norburg]]</small>
|align=center|27 March 1714 – 23 March 1731|| [[Principality of Wolfenbüttel]]||{{ill|Christine Sophie of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|bg|Кристина София фон Брауншвайг-Волфенбютел}}<br />1681<br />no children<br /><br />{{ill|Sophie Amalie of Holstein-Gottorp|da|Sophie Amalie af Slesvig-Holsten-Gottorp}}<br>1695<br>no children<br><br>{{ill|Elisabeth Sophie Marie of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderborg-Norburg|de|Elisabeth Sophie Marie von Schleswig-Holstein-Norburg}}<br />1710<br />no children
|align=center|23 March 1731<br>[[Wolfenbüttel]]<br><small>aged 69</small>|| Ruler of the only land that was still not in Hanoverian lands, to which it would never belong.
|-style="background:#ffdaed
|[[George II of Great Britain|George II Augustus]]||[[File:George II by Thomas Hudson.jpg|100px]]
|align=center|30 October/9 November 1683{{ref|dates|O.S./N.S.}}<br>[[Herrenhausen Palace]]<br><small>Son of [[George I of Great Britain|George I Louis]] and [[Sophia Dorothea of Celle|Sophia Dorothea of Brunswick-Lüneburg]]</small>
|align=center|11 June 1727 – 25 October 1760|| [[Electorate of Hanover]] ||[[Caroline of Ansbach|Wilhelmina Charlotte Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach]]<br>22 August / 2 September 1705{{ref|dates|O.S./N.S.}}<br>[[Hanover]]<br />ten children
|align=center|25 October 1760<br>[[Kensington Palace]], [[London]]<br><small>aged 76</small>|| In [[List of British monarchs|personal union with Great Britain]].
|-style="background:#ceb
|[[Louis Rudolph, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|Louis Rudolph]]||[[File:Louis Rudolph duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel.jpg|100px]]
|align=center|22 July 1671<br>[[Wolfenbüttel]]<br><small>Son of </small>
|align=center|23 March 1731 – 1 March 1735|| [[Principality of Wolfenbüttel]]||[[Princess Christine Louise of Oettingen-Oettingen|Christine Louise of Oettingen-Oettingen]]<br>22 April 1690<br>[[Aurich]]<br>three children
|align=center|1 March 1735<br>[[Braunschweig]]<br><small>aged 63</small>|| Left no male heirs, and his land passed to a collateral line.
|-style="background:#ceb
|[[Ferdinand Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|Ferdinand Albert II]]||[[File:Ferdinand Albrecht II Braunschweig.jpg|100px]]
|align=center|29 May 1680<br>[[Bevern, Lower Saxony|Bevern]]<br><small>Son of [[Ferdinand Albert I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Ferdinand Albert I]] and [[Christina Wilhelmina of Hesse-Eschwege]]</small>
|align=center|23 April 1687 – 2 September 1735<br><br>1 March – 2 September 1735|| [[Principality of Wolfenbüttel]]<br><small>(at [[Bevern, Lower Saxony|Bevern]] until March 1735)</small><br><br>[[Principality of Wolfenbüttel]]<br><small>(at Wolfenbüttel proper from March 1735)</small>||[[Princess Antoinette of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|Antoinette Amalie of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]]<br>15 October 1712<br>[[Braunschweig]]<br>thirteen children
|align=center|2 September 1735<br>[[Salzdahlum]]<br><small>aged 55</small>||Grandson of Augustus II, and from a collateral line of [[Brunswick-Bevern]] the family), succeeded in 1735. He was married to the daughter of the previous ruler.
|-style="background:#ceb
|[[Charles I, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|Charles I]]||[[File:Karl I. von Braunschweig.jpg|100px]]
|align=center|1 August 1713<br>[[Braunschweig]]<br><small>Son of [[Ferdinand Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|Ferdinand Albert II]] and [[Princess Antoinette of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|Antoinette Amalie of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]]</small>
|align=center|2 September 1735 – 26 March 1780|| [[Principality of Wolfenbüttel]]||[[Princess Philippine Charlotte of Prussia|Philippine Charlotte of Prussia]]<br />2 June 1733<br />[[Berlin]]<br />thirteen children
|align=center|26 March 1780<br>[[Braunschweig]]<br><small>aged 66</small>|| Founder of the [[Braunschweig University of Technology|Collegium Carolinum]] in Brunswick, the porcelain makers of Fürstenberg, the fire office; in 1753 the Residence was moved to Brunswick.
|-style="background:#ffdaed
|[[George III|George III William Frederick]]||[[File:Allan Ramsay - King George III in coronation robes - Google Art Project.jpg|100px]]
|align=center|4 June 1738<br>[[Norfolk House]], [[London]]<br><small>Son of [[Frederick, Prince of Wales]] and [[Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha|Augusta of Saxe-Gotha]]</small>
|align=center|25 October 1760 – 29 January 1820|| [[Electorate of Hanover]]<br /><small>(until 1814)</small><br />[[Kingdom of Hanover]]<br /><small>(from 1814)</small>||[[Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz]]<br />8 September 1761<br />[[London]]<br />fifteen children
|align=center|29 January 1820<br>[[Windsor Castle]], Berkshire<br><small>aged 81</small>
|rowspan="2"| In [[List of British monarchs|personal union with Great Britain]].
|-style="background:#ffdaed
|align="center"colspan="7"| <small>''Regency of [[George IV|Prince George of the United Kingdom]] (1811–1820)''</small>
|-style="background:#ceb
|[[Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|Charles II William Ferdinand]]||[[File:BraunschweigLKWF.jpg|100px]]
|align=center|9 October 1735<br>[[Wolfenbüttel]]<br><small>Son of [[Charles I, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|Charles I]] and [[Princess Philippine Charlotte of Prussia|Philippine Charlotte of Prussia]]</small>
|align=center|26 March 1780 – 10 November 1806|| [[Principality of Wolfenbüttel]]||[[Princess Augusta of Great Britain|Augusta of Great Britain]]<br />16 January 1764<br />[[London]]<br />seven children
|align=center|10 November 1806<br>[[Ottensen]]<br><small>aged 71</small>||Due to financial problems, was obliged to replace his father. He was the head of the Prussian Army; died in the Battle of Jena; because his son and heir died young, and two other sons were not eligible, rule passed to his youngest son.
|-bgcolor=
|colspan=8 align="center"|With the dissolution of the [[Holy Roman Empire]] in 1806, the title of ''Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg'' ceased to exist. However, its [[successor states]] continued. 
|-style="background:#ceb
|[[Frederick William, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|Frederick William ''the Black Duke'']]||[[File:Herzog Friedrich Wilhelm von Braunschweig-Oels, der Schwarze Herzog.jpg|100px]]
|align=center|9 October 1771<br>[[Braunschweig]]<br><small>Son of [[Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|Charles II William Ferdinand]] and [[Princess Augusta of Great Britain|Augusta of Great Britain]]</small>
|align=center|16 October 1806 – 8 July 1807<br><br>1813 – 16 June 1815|| [[Principality of Wolfenbüttel]]<br /><small>(until 1807)</small><br /><br />[[Duchy of Brunswick]]<br /><small>(from 1813)</small>||[[Princess Marie of Baden (1782–1808)|Marie Elisabeth Wilhelmine of Baden]]<br />1 November 1802<br />[[Karlsruhe]]<br />three children
|align=center|16 June 1815<br>[[Quatre Bras]]<br><small>aged 43</small>||[[Duchy of Oels|Duke of Oels/Silesia]], the "Black Duke"; recruited a ''[[Freikorps]]'' (volunteer corps), the [[Black Brunswickers]], at the outbreak of the [[Black Brunswickers#War of the Fifth Coalition|War of the Fifth Coalition]] in [[Bohemia]] in 1809, and made his way via Brunswick to the [[North Sea]] and then on to [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|Great Britain]].
|-bgcolor=#D8F8D8
|colspan=8 align="center"|On the Eve of [[Napoleonic era]], in 1807 the Duchy was briefly annexed to the [[Kingdom of France]], to appear again in 1813 as [[Duchy of Brunswick]]. 
|-style="background:#ceb
|align="center"colspan="7"| <small>''Regency of [[George IV|Prince George of the United Kingdom]] (1815–1823)''</small>
|rowspan="2"|On the eve of the [[July Revolution]] of 1830, Charles was in Paris, and did not manage to keep the duchy for himself; his brother William took over with the agreement of the people and his international neighbours.
|-style="background:#ceb
|[[Charles II, Duke of Brunswick|Charles II]]||[[File:KarlvonBraunschweig.jpg|100px]]
|align=center|30 October 1804<br>[[Braunschweig]]<br><small>First son of [[Frederick William, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|Frederick William]] and [[Princess Marie of Baden (1782–1808)|Marie of Baden]]</small>
|align=center|16 June 1815 – 9 September 1830|| [[Duchy of Brunswick]]||''Unmarried''
|align=center|18 August 1873<br>[[Geneva]]<br><small>aged 68</small>
|-style="background:#ffdaed
|[[George IV|George IV Augustus Frederick]]||[[File:George IV 1821 color.jpg|100px]]
|align=center|12 August 1762<br>[[St James's Palace]], [[London]]<br><small>First son of [[George III|George III William Frederick]] and [[Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz]]</small>
|align=center|29 January 1820 – 26 June 1830|| [[Kingdom of Hanover]]||[[Caroline of Brunswick|Caroline Amelia Elizabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]]<br />8 April 1795<br />[[London]]<br />one child
|align=center|26 June 1830<br>[[Windsor Castle]], Berkshire<br><small>aged 67</small>|| In [[List of British monarchs|personal union with the United Kingdom]]. Named regent of his father due to his illness, succeeding him after his death in 1820. Left no male descendants. The Kingdom passed to his brother.
|-style="background:#ffdaed
|[[William IV|William IV Henry]]||[[File:William IV crop.jpg|100px]]
|align=center|21 August 1765<br>[[Buckingham Palace|Buckingham House]], [[London]]<br><small>Third son of [[George III|George III William Frederick]] and [[Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz]]</small>
|align=center|9 September 1830 – 20 June 1837|| [[Kingdom of Hanover]]||[[Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen]]<br />13 July 1818<br />[[London]]<br />four children
|align=center|20 June 1837<br>[[Windsor Castle]], Berkshire<br><small>aged 71</small>|| In [[List of British monarchs|personal union with the United Kingdom]]. Usually numbered '''IV''' as King of Hanover and the United Kingdom. As he left only illegitimate descendants, the land passed to his brother.
|-style="background:#ceb
|[[William, Duke of Brunswick|William]]||[[File:WillemBrunswijk.jpg|100px]]
|align=center|25 April 1806<br>[[Braunschweig]]<br><small>Second son of [[Frederick William, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|Frederick William]] and [[Princess Marie of Baden (1782–1808)|Marie of Baden]]</small>
|align=center|9 September 1830 – 18 October 1884|| [[Duchy of Brunswick]]||''Unmarried''
|align=center|18 October 1884<br>[[Szczodre|Sybillenort]]<br><small>aged 78</small>|| 
|-style="background:#ffdaed
|[[Queen Victoria|Victoria]]||[[File:Queen Victoria 1843.jpg|100px]]
|align=center|24 May 1819<br>[[Kensington Palace]], [[London]]<br><small>Daughter of [[Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn]] and [[Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld|Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld]]</small>
|align=center|20 June 1837 – 22 January 1901|| [[United Kingdom]]||[[Albert, Prince Consort|Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]]<br/>[[Wedding of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha|10 February 1840]]<br>[[St James's Palace]]<br/>nine children
|align=center|[[State funeral of Queen Victoria|22 January 1901]]<br>[[Osborne House]], [[Isle of Wight]]<br><small>aged 81</small>
|rowspan="2"| End of [[List of British monarchs|personal union with the United Kingdom]], as in this country the successor in 1837 was [[Queen Victoria]], niece of William Henry. In Hanover the [[Salic Law]] was still active. 
|-style="background:#ffdaed
|[[Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover|Ernest Augustus]]||[[File:Ernest Augustus I of Hanover.PNG|100px]]
|align=center|5 June 1771<br>[[Buckingham Palace|Buckingham House]], [[London]]<br><small>Fifth son of [[George III|George III William Frederick]] and [[Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz]]</small>
|align=center|20 June 1837 – 18 November 1851|| [[Kingdom of Hanover]]||[[Frederica of Mecklenburg-Strelitz]]<br />29 May 1815<br />[[Neustrelitz]]<br />three children
|align=center|18 November 1851<br>[[Hanover]]<br><small>aged 80</small>
|-style="background:#ffdaed
|[[George V of Hanover|George V Frederick]]||[[File:GeorgeVHannover.jpg|100px]]
|align=center|27 May 1819<br>[[Berlin]]<br><small>Son of [[Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover|Ernest Augustus]] and [[Frederica of Mecklenburg-Strelitz]]</small>
|align=center|18 November 1851 – 20 September 1866|| [[Kingdom of Hanover]]||[[Marie of Saxe-Altenburg]]<br>18 February 1843<br>[[Hanover]]<br>three children
|align=center|12 June 1878<br>[[Paris]]<br><small>aged 59</small>
||His reign was ended by the [[Austro-Prussian War]], which led to the annexation of his kingdom to [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]]. 
|-style="background:#ffdaed
|colspan="8" align="center"| ''Hanover annexed to the [[Kingdom of Prussia]]''
|-style="background:#ceb
|align="center"colspan="7"| <small>''Regency of [[Prince Albert of Prussia (1837–1906)|Prince Albert of Prussia]] (1885–1906)<br>Regency of [[Duke John Albert of Mecklenburg|Duke John Albert of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]] (1906–1913)''</small>
|rowspan="2"|His regency came to an end on 1 November 1913 when Ernest Augustus, Crown Prince of Hanover's son, was permitted to ascend to Duchy following his marriage to Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia. In 1918, with the abolition of the monarchy, all nobles titles were equally abolished.
|-style="background:#ceb
|[[Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick|Ernest Augustus]]||[[File:Ernstaugusthannover.jpg|100px]]
|align="center"|17 November 1887<br>[[Penzing (Vienna)|Penzing]]<br><small>Son of [[Ernest Augustus, Crown Prince of Hanover]] and [[Princess Thyra of Denmark|Thyra of Denmark]]</small>
|align="center"|1 November 1913 – 8 November 1918|| [[Duchy of Brunswick|Brunswick]]||[[Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia|Victoria Louise of Prussia]]<br />24 May 1913<br />[[Berlin]]<br />five children
|align="center"|30 January 1953<br>[[Marienburg Castle (Hanover)]]<br><small>aged 65</small>
|}

{{collapse bottom}}

== Territorial Growth ==
{{gallery
|title=Growth of Brunswick-Luneburg into covering the Stem Duchy of (Lower) Saxony
|width=300
|height=300
|noborder=yes
|File:Saxony locator map (1000).svg|[[Stem duchy|Stammesherzogtuemer]] of [[Duchy of Saxony|Saxony]] c. 1000
|File:The Saxon duchies circa 1235.jpg|Saxon Duchies c. 1235
|Grafschaften Holstein Ratzeburg Schwerin Dannenberg Luechow 1250.svg|Lower Saxony, 1250
|1400 HRR Braunschweig-Lüneburg.png|Brunswick-Luneburg, 1400
|Niedersachsen um 1400.png|Lower Saxony, 1400
|File:HRR 1400, Ausschnitt Grafschaft Hohnstein.jpg|[[Principality of Göttingen]]
|File:Kft B-L 1789.png|Map of the Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg 1789, Ausschnitt
|File:Territorial Expansion of the Electorate.png|Territorial Expansion of Brunswick-Luneburg into the Electorate covering most of the Stem duchy of Saxony
|File:KrkHannover.png|[[Kingdom of Hanover]], 1815–1866 comprising most of old Stem duchy of Saxony
|File:Herzogtum Braunschweig 1914.png|Duchy of Brunswick, 1914
|File:Lower-Saxony-map.png|Map of the State of [[Lower Saxony]] of which the K. of Hannover comprises almost 85%.
}}

==Family trees==

===Welf family tree 12th century===
[[Image:Staufen dynasty.JPG|450px]]

===Family Tree of the House of Welf to Otto the Child===
{{Genealogy of the Younger House of Welf to Otto the Child}}

===Family Tree of the House of Welf from Otto the Child to the 17th Century===
{{Genealogy Stammbaum of the Younger House of Welf from Otto the Child to the Electors of Hanover}}

===Welf family tree 16th century to present===

====Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel====
{{Genealogy Stammbaum of the Younger House of Welf Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel 16th to 19th Century}}

====House of Hanover====
Some direct ancestors (fathers and sons) of the present generation are:

*[[Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover]] (1771–1851), Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale from 1799, king from 1837
*[[George V of Hanover]] (1819–1878)
*[[Ernest Augustus, Crown Prince of Hanover]] (1845–1923)
*[[Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick]] (1887–1953)
*[[Prince Ernest Augustus of Hanover (born 1914)|Ernest Augustus, Prince of Hanover]] (1914–1987)
*[[Ernst August von Hannover (born 1954)|Ernest Augustus, Prince of Hanover]] (born 1954)

{{House of Hanover family tree}}

===Complete male-line family tree===
{{hidden begin
|toggle = right
|title = List of male-line members of the House of Welf
|titlestyle = background:lightgrey;
}}
Male, male-line, legitimate, non-morganatic members of the house who either lived to adulthood, or who held a title as a child, are included. Heads of the house are in bold.
{{Tree list}}
*'''[[Adalberto the Margrave]], d. c. 951'''
**'''[[Oberto I]], c. 910–975'''
***'''Adalbert II of Milan'''
***'''[[Oberto II, Margrave of Milan]], c. 940–1014'''
****'''Hugh, Margrave of Milan'''
****'''[[Albert Azzo I, Margrave of Milan]], 970–1029'''
*****'''[[Albert Azzo II, Margrave of Milan]], 997–1097'''
******'''[[Welf I, Duke of Bavaria]], c. 1035–1101'''
*******'''[[Welf II, Duke of Bavaria]], 1072–1120'''
*******'''[[Henry IX, Duke of Bavaria]], 1075–1126'''
********[[Conrad of Bavaria]], 1105–1126
********'''[[Henry the Proud]], 1108–1139'''
*********'''[[Henry the Lion]], 1130–1195'''
**********'''[[Henry V, Count Palatine of the Rhine]], 1173–1227'''
***********[[Henry VI, Count Palatine of the Rhine]], 1196–1214
**********[[Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor]], 1175–1218
**********[[William of Winchester, Lord of Lunenburg]], 1184–1213
***********'''[[Otto I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]], 1204–1252'''
************'''[[Albert I, Duke of Brunswick]], 1236–1279'''
*************'''[[Henry I, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen]], 1267–1322'''
**************Otto, 1283–1309
**************Albert, Teutonic Knight, 1284–1341
**************'''[[Henry II, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen]], 1296–1351'''
***************'''[[Otto, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen]], 1320–1398'''
***************John, canon of Halberstadt, 1321–1346
***************Louis, canon of Cammin, 1323–1373
***************[[Philip of Brunswick-Grubenhagen|Philip of Brunswick-Grubenhagen, Constable of Jerusalem]], 1332–1370
****************John of Brunswick-Grubenhagen, Admiral of Cyprus, d. 1414
***************Riddag, 1334–1367
***************Balthazar, Despot of Romania, 1336–1384
***************Thomas, 1338–1384
***************[[Melchior of Brunswick-Grubenhagen|Melchior, Bishop of Osnabrück and Schwerin]], 1341–1381
**************Frederick, c. 1291–1323
**************Conrad, c. 1294–1320
**************[[Ernest I, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen]], 1297–1361
***************[[Albert I, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen]], 1339–1383
****************'''[[Eric I, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen]], 1383–1427'''
*****************'''[[Henry III, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen]], 1416–1464'''
******************'''[[Henry IV, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen]], 1460–1526'''
*****************[[Ernest II, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen]], 1418–1466
*****************[[Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen]], 1419–1485
******************'''[[Philip I, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen]], 1476–1551'''
*******************'''[[Ernest III, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen]], 1518–1567'''
*******************Albert, 1521–1546
*******************John, 1526–1557
*******************'''[[Wolfgang, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen]], 1531–1595'''
*******************'''[[Philip II, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen]], 1533–1596'''
******************[[Eric of Brunswick-Grubenhagen|Eric of Brunswick-Grubenhagen, Bishop of Paderborn and Osnabrück]], 1478–1532
******************Ernest, d. 1486
***************Ernest II, abbot of Corvey, c. 1346–1401
***************[[Frederick I, Duke of Brunswick-Osterode]], 1350–1421
****************[[Otto II, Duke of Brunswick-Osterode]], 1396–1452
**************[[William, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen]], 1298–1360
**************[[John I, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen]], c. 1300–1367
*************[[Albert II, Duke of Brunswick|Albert II "the Fat", Duke of Brunswick]], 1268–1318
**************[[Otto the Mild|Otto "the Mild", Duke of Brunswick]], 1292–1344
**************Lothar, Teutonic Knight
**************[[Albert II (bishop of Halberstadt)|Albert II of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Bishop of Halberstadt]], 1294–1358
**************[[Henry III of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Henry III of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Bishop of Hildesheim]], 1296–1363
**************[[Magnus I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Magnus I "the Pious", Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]], 1304–1369
***************[[Magnus II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Magnus II "with the Necklace", Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]], 1324–1373
****************[[Frederick I, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]], 1357–1400
****************[[Bernard I, Duke of Brunswick]], 1361–1434
*****************[[Otto IV, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Otto IV "the Lame", Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]], d. 1446
*****************[[Frederick II, Duke of Brunswick|Frederick II "the Pious", Duke of Brunswick]], 1418–1478
******************[[Bernard II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]], 1437–1464
******************[[Otto V, Duke of Brunswick|Otto V "the Victorious", Duke of Brunswick]], 1439–1471
*******************[[Henry I, Duke of Brunswick|Henry I "the Middle", Duke of Brunswick]], 1468–1532
********************[[Otto I, Duke of Brunswick-Harburg]], 1495–1549
*********************'''[[Otto II, Duke of Brunswick-Harburg]], 1528–1603'''
**********************[[Duke Otto Henry of Brunswick-Harburg]], 1555–1591
**********************John Frederick, 1557-1619
**********************'''[[William Augustus, Duke of Brunswick-Harburg]], 1564–1642'''
**********************Enno, 1565–1600
**********************[[Christopher, Duke of Brunswick-Harburg]], 1570–1606
**********************[[Otto III, Duke of Brunswick-Harburg]], 1572–1641
**********************John, 1573–1625
**********************Frederick, 1578–1605
********************[[Ernest I, Duke of Brunswick|Ernest I "the Confessor", Duke of Brunswick]], 1497–1546
*********************[[Francis Otto, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]], 1530–1559
*********************Frederick, 1532–1553
*********************[[Henry, Duke of Brunswick-Dannenberg]], 1533–1598
**********************[[Julius Ernst, Duke of Brunswick-Dannenberg|Julius Ernest, Duke of Brunswick-Dannenberg]], 1571–1636
**********************Francis, Provost of Strasbourg, 1572–1601
**********************'''[[Augustus II, Duke of Brunswick|Augustus II "the Younger", Duke of Brunswick]], 1579–1666'''
***********************'''[[Rudolph Augustus, Duke of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel|Rudolph Augustus, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]], 1627–1704'''
***********************'''[[Anthony Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick]], 1633–1714'''
************************Augustus Frederick, 1657–1676
************************'''[[Augustus William, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]], 1662–1731'''
************************'''[[Louis Rudolph, Duke of Brunswick]], 1671–1735'''
***********************[[Ferdinand Albert I, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel-Bevern]], 1636–1687
************************Augustus Ferdinand, 1677–1704
************************[[Ferdinand Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]], 1680–1735
*************************'''[[Charles I, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]], 1713–1780'''
**************************'''[[Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick]], 1735–1806'''
***************************[[Karl Georg August, Hereditary Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|Charles George Augustus, Hereditary Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]], 1766–1806
***************************George William Christian, 1769–1811
***************************Augustus, 1770–1822
***************************'''[[Frederick William, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]], 1771–1815'''
****************************'''[[Charles II, Duke of Brunswick]], 1804–1873'''
****************************'''[[William, Duke of Brunswick]], 1806–1884'''
**************************[[Frederick Augustus, Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel-Oels]], 1740–1805
**************************Albert Henry, 1742–1761
**************************William Adolf, 1745–1770
**************************[[Leopold of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]], 1752–1785
*************************[[Duke Anthony Ulrich of Brunswick]], 1714–1774
**************************[[Ivan VI of Russia]], 1740–1764
**************************[[Peter Antonovich of Brunswick]], 1745–1798
**************************[[Alexei Antonovich of Brunswick]], 1746–1787
*************************[[Duke Louis Ernest of Brunswick-Lüneburg]], 1718–1788
*************************[[Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]], 1721–1792
*************************Albert of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, 1725–1745
*************************[[Frederick Francis of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]], 1732–1758
************************Ferdinand Christian, 1682–1706
************************[[Ernest Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel-Bevern]], 1682–1746
*************************[[Augustus William, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel-Bevern]], 1715–1781
*************************George Louis, 1721–1747
*************************George Frederick, 1723–1766
*************************[[Frederick Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel-Bevern]], 1729–1809
************************Henry Ferdinand, 1684–1706
*********************[[William the Younger, Duke of Brunswick]], 1535–1592
**********************[[Ernest II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]], 1564–1611
**********************[[Christian, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]], 1566–1633
**********************[[Augustus the Elder, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]], 1568–1636
**********************[[Frederick IV, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]], 1574–1648
**********************Magnus of Brunswick-Lüneburg, 1577–1632
**********************[[George, Duke of Brunswick]], 1582–1641
***********************[[Christian Louis, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]], 1622–1665
***********************[[George William, Duke of Brunswick]], 1624–1705
***********************[[John Frederick, Duke of Brunswick]], 1625–1679
***********************[[Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover]], 1629–1698
************************[[George I of Great Britain]], 1660–1727
*************************[[George II of Great Britain]], 1683–1760
**************************[[Frederick, Prince of Wales]], 1707–1751
***************************[[George III]], 1738–1820
****************************[[George IV]], 1762–1830
****************************[[Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany]], 1763–1827
****************************[[William IV]], 1765–1837
****************************[[Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn]], 1767–1820
****************************[[Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover]], 1771–1851
*****************************[[George V of Hanover]], 1819–1878
******************************'''[[Ernest Augustus, Crown Prince of Hanover]], 1845–1923'''
*******************************George William, Hereditary Prince of Hanover, 1880–1912
*******************************'''[[Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick]], 1887–1953'''
********************************'''[[Prince Ernest Augustus of Hanover (born 1914)|Prince Ernest Augustus of Hanover]], 1914–1987'''
*********************************'''[[Ernst August von Hannover (born 1954)|Ernest Augustus of Hanover]], b. 1954'''
**********************************[[Prince Ernst August of Hanover (born 1983)|Ernest Augustus of Hanover]], b. 1983
***********************************Welf Augustus von Hannover, b. 2019
**********************************[[Prince Christian of Hanover]], b. 1985
***********************************3 children
*********************************[[Prince Ludwig Rudolf of Hanover|Prince Louis Rudolph of Hanover]], 1955–1988
**********************************Prince Otto Henry of Hanover, b. 1988
*********************************[[Heinrich Prinz von Hannover|Prince Henry of Hanover]], b. 1961
**********************************Oscar Nick, b. 1996
**********************************Albert, b. 1999
**********************************Julius, b. 2006
********************************[[Prince George William of Hanover]], 1915–2006
*********************************Prince Welf, 1947–1981, issue?
*********************************Prince George, b. 1949, issue?
********************************Prince Christian, 1919–1981
********************************Prince Guelph, 1923–1997
****************************[[Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex]], 1773–1843
****************************[[Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge]], 1774–1850
*****************************[[Prince George, Duke of Cambridge]], 1819–1904
***************************[[Prince Edward, Duke of York and Albany]], 1739–1767
***************************[[Prince William Henry, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh]], 1743–1805
****************************[[Prince William Frederick, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh]], 1776–1834
***************************[[Prince Henry, Duke of Cumberland and Strathearn]], 1745–1790
**************************[[Prince William, Duke of Cumberland]], 1721–1765
************************Frederick Augustus, 1661–1691
************************[[Maximilian William of Brunswick-Lüneburg]], 1666–1726
************************Charles Philip, 1669–1690
************************Christian Henry, 1671–1703
************************[[Ernest Augustus, Duke of York and Albany]], 1674–1728
**********************John of Brunswick-Lüneburg, 1583–1628
********************[[Francis, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]], 1508–1549
******************Godfrey, 1441–1465
****************Otto, Archbishop of Bremen, 1364–1406
****************[[Henry the Mild, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]], d. 1416
*****************[[William the Victorious, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]], 1392–1482
******************[[Frederick III, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Frederick III "the Turbulent", Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]], 1424–1495
******************[[William IV, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|William IV "the Younger", Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]], 1425–1503
*******************[[Henry IV, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Henry IV "the Elder", Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]], 1463–1514
********************Christopher of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Archbishop of Bremen, 1487–1558
********************[[Henry V, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Henry V "the Younger", Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]], 1489–1568
*********************Charles Victor, 1525–1553
*********************Philip, 1527–1553
*********************[[Julius, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]], 1528–1589
**********************[[Henry Julius, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]], 1564–1613
***********************[[Frederick Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]], 1591–1634
***********************[[Christian the Younger of Brunswick]], 1599–1626
**********************[[Philip Sigismund of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel]], 1568–1623
**********************Joachim Charles, Provost of Strasbourg, 1573–1615
**********************Julius Augustus, Abbot of Michaelstein, 1578–1617
********************Francis of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Bishop of Minden, 1492–1529
********************George of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Archbishop of Bremen, 1494–1566
********************Eric of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Teutonic Knight, 1500–1553
********************William of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Teutonic Knight, d. 1557
*******************[[Eric I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Eric I "the Elder", Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]], 1470–1540
********************[[Eric II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]], 1528–1584
*****************[[Henry the Peaceful, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]], 1411–1473
***************Louis, d. 1367
***************[[Albert II of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|Albert II, Prince-Archbishop of Bremen]], d. 1395
***************Henry, provost of Halberstadt
***************Ernest
**************[[Ernest I, Duke of Brunswick-Göttingen]], 1305–1367
***************[[Otto I, Duke of Brunswick-Göttingen|Otto I "the Evil", Duke of Brunswick-Göttingen]], 1340–1394
****************[[Otto II, Duke of Brunswick-Göttingen|Otto II "the One-Eyed", Duke of Brunswick-Göttingen]], 1380–1463
***************other son, clergyman
*************[[William I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]], 1270–1292
*************Otto, d. c. 1346
*************[[Luther von Braunschweig|Lothar of Brunswick]], 1275–1335
*************Conrad, d. c. 1303
************[[John, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]], 1242–1277
*************[[Otto II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Otto II "the Strict", Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]], 1266–1330
**************John, d. 1324
**************[[Otto III, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]], 1296–1352
**************Louis, Bishop of Minden, d. 1346
**************[[William II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]], 1300–1369
************Otto, Bishop of Hildesheim, d. 1279
************Conrad of Brunswick and Lunenburg, Prince-Bishop of Verden, d. 1300
********[[Welf VI]], 1115–1191
*********[[Welf VII]], 1135–1167
********Adalbert, Abbot of Corvey
******[[Fulco I, Margrave of Milan]], c. 1070–1134
*******Azzo IV d'Este (d. before 1145)
*******Bonifacio I d'Este (d. 1163)
*******Fulco II d'Este (d. before 1172)
*******Alberto (d. after 1184)
*******Obizzo I d'Este (d. 1193)
********Azzo V of Este, d. 1190
*********[[Azzo VI d'Este]], 1170–1212
**********[[Aldobrandino I d'Este]], 1190–1215
***********[[Contardo of Este]], 1216–1249
**********[[Azzo VII d'Este]], 1205–1264
***********[[Rinaldo d'Este (1221–1251)|Rinaldo d'Este]], 1221–1251
************[[Obizzo II d'Este]], 1247–1293, legitimised 1252
*************[[Azzo VIII d'Este]], d. 1308
*************[[Aldobrandino II d'Este|Hildebrand II of Este, Marquis of Ferrara]], d. 1326
**************[[Obizzo III d'Este|Obert III of Este, Marquis of Ferrara]], 1294–1352
***************[[Aldobrandino III d'Este|Hildebrand III of Este, Marquis of Ferrara]], 1335–1361
***************[[Niccolò II d'Este|Nicholas II of Este, Marquis of Ferrara]], 1338–1388
***************[[Albert V d'Este|Albert V of Este, Marquis of Ferrara]], 1347–1393
****************[[Niccolò III d'Este|Nicholas III of Este, Marquis of Ferrara]], 1383–1441, legitimised
*****************[[Ercole I d'Este|Hercules I of Este, Duke of Ferrara]], 1431–1505
******************[[Alfonso I d'Este|Alphonse I of Este, Duke of Ferrara]], 1476–1534
*******************[[Ercole II d'Este|Hercules II of Este, Duke of Ferrara]], 1508–1559
********************[[Alfonso II d'Este|Alphonse II of Este, Duke of Ferrara]], 1533–1597
********************[[Luigi d'Este|Louis of Este, Bishop of Ferrara]], 1538–1586
*******************[[Ippolito II d'Este|Hippolyte II of Este, Archbishop of Milan]], 1509–1572
*******************[[Francesco d'Este (1516–1578)|Francis of Este, Marquis of Massalombarda]], 1516–1578
*******************[[Alfonso d'Este, Marquis of Montecchio|Alphonse of Este, Marquis of Montecchio]], 1527–1597, legitimised 1532
********************[[Alfonsino d'Este|Alphonse of Este]], 1560–1578
********************[[Cesare d'Este|Caesar of Este, Duke of Modena and Reggio]], 1562–1628
*********************[[Alfonso III d'Este|Alphonse III of Este, Duke of Modena and Reggio]], 1591–1644
**********************[[Francesco I d'Este|Francis I of Este, Duke of Modena and Reggio]], 1610–1658
***********************[[Alfonso IV d'Este|Alphonse IV of Este, Duke of Modena and Reggio]], 1634–1662
************************[[Francesco II d'Este|Francis II of Este, Duke of Modena and Reggio]], 1660–1694
***********************Almeric d'Este, 1641–1660
***********************[[Rinaldo d'Este (1655–1737)|Reynold of Este, Duke of Modena and Reggio]], 1655–1737
************************[[Francesco III d'Este|Francis III of Este, Duke of Modena and Reggio]], 1698–1780
*************************[[Ercole III d'Este|Hercules III of Este, Duke of Modena and Reggio]], 1727–1803
************************John Frederick of Este, 1700–1727
**********************Obizzo d'Este, Bishop of Modena, 1611–1644
**********************Caesar d'Este, 1614–1677
**********************Charles Alexander d'Este, 1616–1679
**********************[[Rinaldo d'Este (1618–1672)|Reynold d'Este, cardinal]], 1618–1672
**********************Philibert d'Este, 1623–1645
*********************Louis of Este, Lord of Montecchio and Scandiano, 1594–1664
*********************Hippolyte d'Este, 1599–1647
*********************Nicholas d'Este, 1601–1640
*********************[[Borso d'Este (1605–1657)|Borso d'Este]], 1605–1657
**********************Louis d'Este, Lord of Scandiano, 1648–1698
**********************Foresto Francis d'Este, Lord of Montecchio, 1652–1725
**********************Caesar Ignatius d'Este, Lord of Montecchio, 1653–1713 
*********************Foresto d'Este, 1606–1639
********************Alexander of Este, 1568–1624, cardinal
******************[[Ferrante d'Este|Ferdinand of Este]], 1477–1540
******************[[Ippolito d'Este|Hippolyte of Este, Archbishop of Esztergom]], 1479–1520
******************[[Sigismondo d'Este (1480–1524)|Sigismund of Este]], 1480–1524
*****************[[Sigismondo d'Este (1433–1507)|Sigismund of Este]], 1433–1507
**************Rinaldo
**************Niccolò
*************Francesco
******[[Hugh V, Count of Maine]], c. 1060–1131
****Guido
****Otbert III, Margrave of East Liguria
*Ambrose (d. 988), bishop of Aléria in Corsica
{{Tree list/end}}
{{hidden end}}

== Summary Armorial ==
{{gallery
|title=Previous versions
|width=160
|height=170
|noborder=yes
|File:First coat of arms of Old Saxony from Widukind.png|Black [[Saxon Steed]], according to legend Duke [[Widukind]]'s ensign for [[Old Saxony]] (700–785)
|File:Coat of arms of Lower Saxony.svg|Widukind's White Steed as ensign of the [[Duchy of Saxony]], claimed by the [[House of Welf]] from 1361, adopted by the [[Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Electorate of Hanover]]
|File:Arms of Welf ancient.png|Arms of Henry the Lion ([[Attributed arms|attributed]]?)
|File:Wappen der Welfen aus Steingaden.jpg|Coat of Arms of the Guelphs; Bavaria c. 1200 (margins probably late 13th century); sandstone; from Steingaden Abbey
|File:Coat of arms of the House of Welf-Brunswick (Braunschweig).svg|Coat of arms of the House of Welf-Brunswick (Braunschweig), probably based on their [[Coat of arms of England|English cousin's arms]].
|File:COA family de Fürsten von Lüneburg.svg|COA of the principality of Lüneburg, possilby based on their in-laws the [[Coat of arms of Denmark|Danish Royal House]] and Henry the Lion.
|File:Coat of Arms of Brunswick-Lüneburg.svg|Coat of Arms of Brunswick-Lüneburg
|File:Braunschweig-1367.PNG|Brunswick-Luneburg 1250, 1367 
|File:Braunschweig-1482.PNG|Brunswick-Luneburg 1482, coats of arms of the duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1482–1582);<ref> 1: duchy of Brunswick; 2: duchy of Lüneburg; 3: county of Eberstein; 4: lordship of Homburg</ref>
|File:Braunschweig-1582.PNG|coats of arms of the duchy of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (1582–1596); Brunswick-Lüneburg (1582–1624); Brunswick-Harburg (1582–1624); <ref>1: duchy of Brunswick; 2: duchy of Lüneburg; 3: lordship of Homburg; 4: county of Eberstein; 5: county of Hoya; 6a/d: lordship of Neu-Bruchhausen; 6b/c: lordship of Alt-Bruchhausen</ref>
|Braunschweig-1585.PNG|coats of arms of the duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1585); <ref>1: duchy of Brunswick; 2: duchy of Lüneburg; 3: lordship of Homburg; 4: county of Eberstein; 5: county of Hoya (1); 6: county of Diepholz (1); 7: county of Hoya (2)[a,d: lordship of Alt-Bruchhausen; b,c: lordship of Neu-Bruchhausen]; 8: county of Diepholz(2)</ref>
|Braunschweig-1596.PNG|coats of arms of the duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1596–1599); <ref>1: duchy of Brunswick; 2: duchy of Lüneburg; 3: lordship of Homburg; 4: county of Eberstein; 5: county of Hoya; 6: county of Lauterberg(1); 7: lordship of Neu-Bruchhausen; 8: county of Hohenstein; 9: lordship of Alt-Bruchhausen; 10: county of Lauterberg(2); 11: lordship of Klettenberg</ref>
|Braunschweig-1599.PNG|coats of arms of the duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1599–1613); <ref>1: duchy of Lüneburg; 2: duchy of Brunswick; 3: lordship of Homburg; 4: county of Eberstein; 5: reservation? ; 6: county of Lauterburg(1); 7: lordship of Neu-Bruchhausen; 8: county of Hoya; 9: county of Hohenstein; 10: lordship of Alt-Bruchhausen; 12: count of Lauterberg(2); 13: county of Regenstein; 14: county of Klettenberg; 15: county of Blankenburg.
|Braunschweig-1613.PNG| coats of arms of the duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1613–1634); 1: duchy of Lüneburg; 2: duchy of Brunswick; 3: lordship of Homburg; 4: county of Everstein; 5: county of Hoya; 6: county of Lauterberg (1); 7: lordship of Neu-Bruchhausen; 8: county of Klettenberg; 9: county of Hohenstein; 10: lordship of Alt-Bruchhausen; 12: county of Lauterberg(2); 13: county of Regenstein; 14: county of Blankenburg.</ref>
|Braunschweig-1634.PNG|coats of arms of the duchy of Brunswick (-Wolfenbüttel) (1634–1918); coats of arms of the electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg;<ref> 1: duchy of Lüneburg; 2: duchy of Brunswick; 3: county of Eberstein; 4: lordship of Homburg; 5: county of Diepholz (1); 6: county of Lauterberg(1); 7a/d: county of Hoya; 7bc1: lordship of Alt-Bruchhausen; 7b/c2: lordship of Neu-Bruchhausen; 8: county of Diepholz(2); 9a: county of Hohenstein; 9b: county of Lauterberg(2); 10: county of Regenstein; 11; county of Klettenberg; 12: county of Blankenburg.</ref>
|File:Braunschweig-Lüneburg.PNG| coats of arms of the electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg; <ref>1: duchy of Lüneburg; 2: duchy of Brunswick; 3: county of Eberstein; 4: lordship of Homburg; 6: county of Lauterberg(1); 7a: county of Hoya; 7b: lordship of Alt-Bruchhausen; 7b2: lordship of Neu-Bruchhausen; 8: county of Diepholz(1); 9a: county of Hohenstein; 9b: county of Lauterberg(2); 10: county of Klettenberg; 11: county of Diepholz(2); 12a: county of Regenstein; 12b: county of Bankenburg; heart: duchy of Saxonia (Westphalia)</ref>
|File:Coat of Arms of George I Louis, Elector of Hanover (1698-1708).svg|Coat of Arms of Ernest Augustus (1692–1698) & George I Louis, Electors-designate of Hanover (1698–1708) until approved by the Imperial Diet in 1708, hence the blank red electorial shield.<ref>Ecartelé, I: de gueules, à deux léopards d'or (Welf) ; II: de gueules, au cheval cabré d'argent, harnaché d'or (Saxe ancien our Westphalie) III: d'or, semé de cœurs de gueules, au lion d'azur (Lunebourg), IV: d'azure au lion couronné d'argent (Comté d'Eberstein), V: le cinquiéme vuide pour fair place à l'écu sur le tout, VI: de gueules au lion d'or, à la borure componnée d'argent et d'azure (Comté de Hombourg), VII: d'azure au lion d'argent; et au dessours pour VIII'eme quartier, d'argent à l'aigle éployé d'azure (Comté de Deipholt), IX: vuide pour fair place à l'écu sur le tout, X:de gueules au lion d'or; et au dessous, XI: d'or à trois fasces de gueules (Comté de Latuerberg), XII: en revenant au flanc dextre, d'argent au cerf de sable (Comté de Clettemberg), XIII: sous l'écu sur le tout, d'argent, à deux pattes d'ours adoffées, mises en pal; coupé, fascé de gueules et d'argent; recoupé, gironné d'argent et d'azur (Comtés de Hoga et de Bruchussen), XIV: échiqueté d'argent et de gules (Comté de Honstein), la pointe de l'écu, d'argent à une perche de boid de cerf de gueules, chevillée de quatre cors, posée en fasce, parti d'argent à la perche de boid de cerf de sable, chevillée de quatre cors, posée en fasce (Comtés de Reinstein et de Blanenbourg).</ref>
|File:Coat of Arms of George I Louis, Elector of Hanover (1708-1714).svg|Coat of Arms of George I Louis, Elector of Hanover (1708–1714) (same as his father's but with the electorial shield now filled)
|File:Coat of arms of the HRE Arch-Treasurer.svg|Coat of arms of the HRE Arch-Treasurer
|File:Royal Hanover Inescutcheon.svg|Royal Hanover Inescutcheon in [[Kingdom of Great Britain|Great Britain]] and the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]]
|File:Royal Arms of the Kingdom of Hanover.svg|Royal Arms of the Kingdom of Hanover
|File:Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Hanover (1814-1866).svg|Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Hanover (1814–1866)
|File:Shield of the Duchy of Brunswick.svg|Duchy of Brunswick<ref>1=Shield of the Duchy of Brunswick. Quarterly of 12:
*1: [[File:COA family de Fürsten von Lüneburg.svg|20px]] [[:w:Principality of Lüneburg|Duchy of Lüneburg]] (''Or semée of hearts gules, a lion rampant azure armed and langued of the second''. The coat of arms of Lüneburg consisted of a blue lion on a gold field, which was sprinkled with red hearts. It was derived from the coat of arms of Denmark: the mother of [[w:Otto I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Otto I, 1st Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]] was Princess Helena of Denmark. (Source: https://www.wikipe.wiki/wiki/nl/Wapens_van_Brunswijk_en_Lueneburg)
*2: [[File:Blason duché ni Brunswick.svg|20px]] Duchy of Brunswick/Braunschweig (''Gules, two lions passant guardant in pale or''); In 1235 [[w:Otto I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Otto I]] was elevated to Duke of Brunswick and Lüneburg by the Emperor. He was the only son of [[w:William of Winchester, Lord of Lunenburg]], born in Winchester, England, the fifth and youngest son of the deposed Duke Henry the Lion of Saxony and Bavaria by his wife Matilda, the eldest daughter of King Henry II of England. Otto's royal lineage was accentuated by the arms designed for Brunswick and Lüneburg. The coat of arms of Brunswick consisted of two golden leopards in a red field and was derived from the coat of arms of England because of the marriage of Henry the Lion to Mathilde of England. (Source: https://www.wikipe.wiki/wiki/nl/Wapens_van_Brunswijk_en_Lueneburg)
*3: [[File:CoA Everstein Family.svg|20px]] County of Eberstein/Everstein (''Azure, a lion rampant argent armed and langued gules crowned or''); [[w:de:Everstein (Adelsgeschlecht)]]; In 1425 [[w:Otto IV, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]] (d.1446) (son of [[w:Bernard I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]]) married the heiress Countess Elizabeth of Eberstein (c.1415-1468), which gave him the possession of the County of Eberstein in 1408. The dukes included the arms of Eberstein and Homburg in their coat of arms in 1482. Their descendants, the later Electors of Hanover and the Dukes of Brunswick, continued to do so. (Source: https://www.wikipe.wiki/wiki/nl/Wapens_van_Brunswijk_en_Lueneburg)
*4: [[File:Homburg-Braunschweig.PNG|20px]] lordship of Homburg; in 1409 [[w:Bernard I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]] (1358/64-1434) ("Middle House of Lüneburg") bought the lordship of Homburg, whose lords had died out in 1408. (Source: https://www.wikipe.wiki/wiki/nl/Wapens_van_Brunswijk_en_Lueneburg)
*5: [[File:CoA Diepholz County.svg|20px]] county of Diepholz. In 1585 the lords of Diepholz died out with Frederick II. The area later named a county fell to Duke William of Brunswick-Celle, ([[w:William the Younger, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]] (d.1592)) the founder of the newer branch of Lüneburg. His brother Hendrik van Brunswijk-Dannenberg ([[w:Henry, Duke of Brunswick-Dannenberg]]  (1533-1598))) was the founder of the newer branch Brunswijk. They both included Diepholz's coat of arms in their coat of arms.
*6: [[File:Lohra.PNG|20px]] [[w:de:Grafschaft Lohra]]; county of Lohra; county of Lauterberg;
*7:[[File:Arms of the house of Hoya-Bruchhausen.svg|20px]] 
**7a: [[File:Arms of the house of Hoya.svg|20px]] [[w:County of Hoya]]; [[w:de:Grafschaft Hoya]]; In 1582 the house of Hoya died out with Count Otto VIII. Half of the county of Hoya belonged to Duke Wilhelm of Brunswick-Celle (?[[w:William the Younger, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]] (1535-1592)) from the middle branch of Lüneburg, the other half to Duke Julius of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel from the middle branch of Brunswick. The coats of arms of the County of Hoya and the associated lordships of Alt-Bruchhausen and Neu-Bruchhauden were added to the arms of both branches. Brunswijk-Wolfenbüttel carried this coat of arms until 1596 and Brunswijk-Harburg until 1624. (Source: https://www.wikipe.wiki/wiki/nl/Wapens_van_Brunswijk_en_Lueneburg)
**7b1: [[File:Neu-Bruchhausen.PNG|20px]] lordship of Neu-Bruchhausen; Wappen der Grafschaft Neubruchhausen
**7b2: [[File:Alt-Bruchhausen.PNG|20px]]; lordship of Alt-Bruchhausen; 
*8: [[File:CoA Diepholz County.svg|20px]] county of Diepholz
*9: [[File:Hohnstein-Graf.PNG|20px]] [[w:de:Hohnstein (Adelsgeschlecht)]]; county of Hohnstein; In 1593, the Klettenberg branch of the Counts of Hohnstein died out. The Counts of Stolberg inherited the county, but Brunswijk also claimed the county as liege lord. In 1596, the Dukes of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel took up the arms in their coat of arms. Eventually the county was divided between Brunswijk and Stolberg. (Source: https://www.wikipe.wiki/wiki/nl/Wapens_van_Brunswijk_en_Lueneburg)
*10: [[File:Regenstein.PNG|20px]] [[w:County of Regenstein]]; In 1162 the Comes de Regenstein (Count of Regenstein), Conrad, was mentioned for the first time. He was the son of Count Poppo I of Blankenburg, a vassal of the Duke of Saxony. After Poppo's death around 1161, his sons divided their heritage: Conrad took his residence at Regenstein Castle, 4 km (2.5 mi) north of Blankenburg, and became the ancestor of the noble House of Regenstein, while his brother Siegfried I retained Blankenburg Castle. In the 15th century, the Regenstein counts moved to nearby Blankenburg Castle. Regenstein fell into disrepair and became a ruin. The last male descendant of the noble family, Count John Ernest of Regenstein, died in 1599.
*11: [[File:Klettenberg.PNG|20px]] [[w:de:Grafschaft Klettenberg]]; county of Klettenberg; in 1593, the Klettenberg branch of the Counts of Hohnstein died out.
*12: [[File:Blankenburg.PNG|20px]] [[w:County of Blankenburg]]. In 1599 the counts of Blankenburg died out with Count Johan Ernst. The county came to Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel as a vacant fief. The arms of the counts of Blankenburg were also added. After the death of Duke Hendrik Julius in 1613, the ranking was changed by his successor Frederik Ulrich. With this duke the middle house Brunswijk (in Wolfenbüttel) died out in 1634.(Source: https://www.wikipe.wiki/wiki/nl/Wapens_van_Brunswijk_en_Lueneburg)

More information see [[w:nl:Wapens van Brunswijk en Lüneburg]][https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wapens_van_Brunswijk_en_L%C3%BCneburg]</ref>
}}

==See also==
*[[Guelph Treasure]]
*[[Family tree of German monarchs]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category-inline}}
{{EB1911 poster|Welf}}
* [http://www.welfen.de/ Die Welfen. Official site] {{in lang|de}}
*[http://www.heraldica.org/topics/royalty/HGBraunschweig.htm Succession laws in the House of Welf]

{{Royal houses of Germany}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:House of Welf| ]]
[[Category:House of Este|*]]
[[Category:German noble families|Welf]]
[[Category:Military families of Germany|Welf]]
[[Category:Noble families of the Holy Roman Empire|Welf]]
[[Category:Germany–United Kingdom relations]]
[[Category:Germany–Italy relations]]
[[Category:Italy–United Kingdom relations]]