View source for Hud (prophet)

{{Short description|Arab prophet in Islam}}
{{About|the Islamic prophet||HUD (disambiguation){{!}}HUD}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix   = [[Prophets and messengers in Islam|Prophet]]
| name               = Hūd
| honorific_suffix   = [[Islamic honorifics|Alayhi as-Salam]]
| native_name        = {{lang|ar|هُوْدٌ}}
| image              = Hud causes two kings of Ad to be tossed up in the air.jpg
| caption            = Hud (third man from the right) causes two kings of Ad to be tossed up in the air.
| other_names        = Possibly [[Eber|ʿĒḇer]] ({{langx|he|עֵבֶר}})
| birth_name         = 
| birth_date         = 
| birth_place        = 
| death_date         = 
| death_place        = 
| resting_place      = Possibly [[Qabr Hud|Qabr An-Nabi Hud]] in [[Hadhramaut Governorate]], [[Yemen]]<ref name=EoI>{{cite book |last1=Wensinck |first1=A.J. |last2=Pellat |first2=Ch. |entry=Hūd |editor1-first=P. |editor1-last=Bearman |editor2-first=Th. |editor2-last=Bianquis |editor3-first=C.E. |editor3-last=Bosworth |editor4-first=E. |editor4-last=van Donzel |editor5-first=W.P. |editor5-last=Heinrichs |date=1960–2007 |title=Encyclopaedia of Islam |edition=2nd |publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |isbn=9789004161214 |entry-url=http://library.ut.ac.ir/documents/381543/3581025/Brill_-_The_Encyclopaedia_of_Islam_Vol_3_H-Iram_.pdf |doi=10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_2920 |page=537 |title-link=Encyclopaedia of Islam |access-date=2019-11-20 |archive-date=2015-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150423225147/http://library.ut.ac.ir/documents/381543/3581025/Brill_-_The_Encyclopaedia_of_Islam_Vol_3_H-Iram_.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| title              = Prophet
| predecessor        = [[Noah in Islam|Nuh]]
| successor          = [[Salih|Saleh]]
| children           = 
| parents            = 
| relatives          = 
}}

'''Hūd''' ({{langx|ar|{{Script|Arab|هُوْدٌ}}}}), sometimes called '''Eber''', is believed in [[Islam]] to have been a [[Prophets and messengers in Islam|messenger]] sent to [[pre-Islamic Arabia|ancient Arabia]] before [[Muhammad]]. Hud is repeatedly mentioned in the [[Quran]],<ref>{{qref|7|65-72|b=y}}</ref><ref name="q11:50-60">{{qref|11|50-60|b=y}}</ref><ref>{{qref|26|123-139|b=y}}</ref><ref>{{qref|38|11-13|b=y}}</ref><ref name="q46:21-26">{{qref|46|21-26|b=y}}</ref><ref>{{qref|50|12-14|b=y}}</ref><ref name="q54:21-26">{{qref|54|21-26|b=y}}</ref> whose eleventh [[Surah|chapter]] is also [[Hud (surah)|named after him]] (although a small portion of it is actually about him).<ref name="q11:50-60"/>

== Historical context ==
{{Islam}} 
{{See also|Arabian Desert|Rub' al Khali}}

Hud has sometimes been identified with [[Eber]],<ref name="Noegel">{{cite book |last1=Noegel |first1=Scott B. |date=2010 |title=The A to Z of Prophets in Islam and Judaism |first2=Brannon M. |last2=Wheeler |entry=Hud |entry-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lNAWAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA140 |page=140 |publisher=[[Scarecrow Press]] |isbn=978-0-8108-7603-3}}</ref> an ancestor of the [[Ishmaelites]] and the [[Israelites]] who is mentioned in the [[Old Testament]].

Hud is said to have been a subject of a ''mulk'' ({{langx|ar|{{Script|Arab|مُلْك}}|lit=kingdom}}) named after its founder, [[ʿĀd|'Ad]], a fourth-generation descendant of [[Noah]] (his father being [[Uz, son of Aram|Uz]], the son of [[Aram, son of Shem|Aram]], who was the son of [[Shem]], who in turn was a son of Noah):

{{Quote|text=The [[ʿĀd]] people, with their prophet Hud, are mentioned in many places. See especially {{qref|26|123–140|t=y}}, and {{qref|46|21–26|t=y}}. Their eponymous ancestor ʿAd was fourth in generation from Noah, having been a son of 'Aus, the son of Aram, the son of Sam, the son of Noah. They occupied a large tract of country in [[Southern Arabia]], extending from [[Umman]] at the mouth of the [[Persian Gulf]] to [[Hadhramaut]] and [[Yemen]], [[Oman]] at the southern end of the [[Red Sea]]. The people were tall in stature and were great builders. Probably the long, winding tracts of sands (''ahqaf'') in their dominions (46:21) were irrigated with canals. They forsook the true God, and oppressed their people. A three years famine visited them, but yet they took no warning. At length a terrible blast of wind destroyed them and their land, but a remnant, known as the second ʿĀd or the [[Thamud]] (see below) were saved, and afterwards suffered a similar fate for their sins. The tomb of the Prophet Hud (qabr Nabi Hud) is still traditionally shown in Hadhramaut, latitude 16 N, and longitude 49{{fraction|1|2}} E, about 90 miles north of [[Mukalla]]. There are ruins and inscriptions in the neighborhood.|author=[[Abdullah Yusuf Ali]]|title=''[[The Holy Qur'an: Text, Translation and Commentary]]''|source=Note 1040<ref>{{cite book |author=Abdullah Yusuf Ali |author-link=Abdullah Yusuf Ali |at=Note 1040 |title=The Holy Qur'an: Text, Translation and Commentary|title-link=The Holy Qur'an: Text, Translation and Commentary }}</ref>}}

The other tribes said to be present at this [[Pre-Islamic Arabia|time in Arabia]], were the Thamud, [[Jurhum]], Tasam, Jadis, Amim, [[Midian]], [[Amalek]] Imlaq, Jasim, [[Qahtanite|Qahtan]], Banu Yaqtan and others.<ref name="IbnKathir">{{cite book |author=Ibn Kathir |author-link=Ibn Kathir |section=Story of Hud |title=Qisas Al-Anbiya |trans-title=Stories of the Prophets|title-link=Qisas Al-Anbiya }}</ref>

The Quran gives the location of ʿĀd as being ''Al-Aḥqāf'' ({{langx|ar|{{Script|Arab|ٱلْأَحْقَاف}}|lit=The Sandy Plains / The Wind-curved Sand-hills}}).<ref name="q46:21-26"/><ref>{{cite book |title=E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam 1913-1936 |volume=1 |page=121 |date=1987 |publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |isbn=90-04-08265-4|title-link=Encyclopaedia of Islam#1st edition, EI1 }}</ref><ref name=Glasse>{{cite book |first1=Cyril |last1=Glassé |first2=Huston |last2=Smith |title=The New Encyclopedia of Islam |entry=ʿĀd |entry-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=focLrox-frUC&pg=PA26 |date=January 2003 |publisher=[[Rowman Altamira]] |isbn=978-0-7591-0190-6 |page=[https://archive.org/details/newencyclopediao0000glas/page/26 26] |title-link=The New Encyclopedia of Islam }}</ref> It is believed to have been in [[South Arabia]], possibly in eastern Yemen and/or western [[Oman]]. In November 1991, a settlement was discovered and hypothesized to be [[Atlantis of the Sands|Ubar]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Wilford |first=John Noble |date=1992-02-05 |title=On the Trail From the Sky: Roads Point to a Lost City |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/02/05/world/on-the-trail-from-the-sky-roads-point-to-a-lost-city.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |location=[[New York City|New York]], the [[United States]] |access-date=2019-11-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331192839/https://www.nytimes.com/1992/02/05/world/on-the-trail-from-the-sky-roads-point-to-a-lost-city.html |archive-date=2019-03-31 |url-status=live}}</ref> which is thought to be mentioned in the Qur'an as ''Iram dhāt al-ʿImād'' ("[[Iram of the Pillars]]" or "Iram of the tentpoles"),<ref name="q54:21-26"/><ref name=Glasse/> and may have been the capital of ʿĀd. One of the members of the original expedition, archeologist [[Juris Zarins]], however, later concluded that the discovery did not represent a city called Ubar.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Zarins |first=Juris |author-link=Juris Zarins |date=May–June 1997 |title=Atlantis of the Sands |url=https://archive.archaeology.org/9705/abstracts/ubar.html |magazine=[[Archaeology (magazine)|Archaeology]] |volume=50 |issue=3 |pages=51–53 |location=New York |publisher=[[Archaeological Institute of America]] |access-date=2019-11-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207014625/https://archive.archaeology.org/9705/abstracts/ubar.html |archive-date=2019-12-07 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Blom |first1=Ronald G. |last2=Crippen |first2=Robert |last3=Elachi |first3=Charles |author3-link=Charles Elachi |last4=Clapp |first4=Nicholas |author-link=Nicholas Clapp |last5=Hedges |first5=George R. |author5-link=George Hedges |last6=Zarins |first6=Juris |editor1-first=James |editor1-last=Wiseman |editor2-first=Farouk |editor2-last=El-Baz |year=2006 |title=Southern Arabian Desert Trade Routes, Frankincense, Myrrh, and the Ubar Legend |journal=Remote Sensing in Archaeology |publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]] |location=New York |pages=71–87 |doi=10.1007/0-387-44455-6_3 |isbn=978-0-387-44455-0 |series=Interdisciplinary Contributions to Archaeology |s2cid=128081354 }}</ref> In a 1996 interview on the subject, he said:

{{quote|text=If you look at the classical texts and the Arab historical sources, Ubar refers to a region and a group of people, not to a specific town. People always overlook that. It's very clear on Ptolemy's second century map of the area. It says in big letters "Iobaritae". And in his text that accompanied the maps, he's very clear about that. It was only the late medieval version of ''[[One Thousand and One Nights]]'', in the fourteenth or fifteenth century, that romanticised Ubar and turned it into a city, rather than a region or a people.<ref>{{cite interview |last=Zarins |first=Juris |title=Interview with Dr. Juris Zarins |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ubar/zarins/ |date=September 1996 |work=[[PBS Nova]] Online |access-date=27 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130529225314/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ubar/zarins/ |archive-date=29 May 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref>}}

The Moroccan mystic Abdulaziz ad-Dabbagh gives detailed information about Hud: According to him, {{qref|53|50}} alludes to the fact that Hud was sent to the second ʿAd tribe, which lived after Noah. The first 'Ad tribe had a messenger named Huwayd, whose message was to be revived by Hud, and the tribe was destroyed with stones and fire by God. Hud was Eber's son (see [[Eber#In Islam|Eber in Islam]] for his genealogy) and Iram was the name of one of the tribes of 'Ad, specifically the one Hud was sent to (see [[Iram of the Pillars#Iram in the Quran|Iram in the Qur'an]]).<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sijilmāsī|first=Aḥmad ibn al-Mubārak|title=Pure gold from the words of Sayyidī ʻAbd al-ʻAzīz al-Dabbāgh = al-Dhabab al-Ibrīz min kalām Sayyidī ʻAbd al-ʻAzīz al-Dabbāgh|date=2007|others=John O'Kane, Bernd Radtke|isbn=978-90-474-3248-7|location=Leiden, the Netherlands|oclc=310402464|page=415}}</ref>

== Narrative in the Quran ==
{{Islamic prophets|Prophets in the Quran}}
[[File:Hud the prophet.jpg|thumb|The prophet Hud, in a Persian illustrated ''Stories of the Prophets'']]

''This is a brief summary of Hud's narrative, with emphasis on two particular verses'':

The people of ʿĀd were extremely powerful and wealthy and they built countless buildings<ref>{{qref|26|128-129|b=y}}</ref> and monuments to show their power. However, the ʿĀd people's wealth ultimately proved to be their source of pride, as they became arrogant and forsook [[Allah|God]] and began to [[Cult image|adopt idols]] for worship, including three named ''Samd'', ''Samud'' and ''Hara''.<ref name="IbnKathir"/> Hud, even in childhood, remained consistent in prayer to God. It is related through [[exegesis]] that Hud's mother, a pious woman who had seen great visions at her son's birth, was the only person who encouraged Hud in his worship.<ref name="Umar Sulaiman al Ashqar" /> Thus, the [[God in Islam|Lord]] raised up Hud as a [[prophet]] for the ʿĀd people.<ref name="Umar Sulaiman al Ashqar" /> According to a [[tafsir]] of the whole ''Surah Hud'' by scholars, the 'Ad were a powerful empire that preceded the era of [[Abraham in Islam|Abraham]] and [[Nimrod]], and they were tyrannically oppressive towards other civilizations at that time.<ref name="Syarh Aqidah Tahawiyyah 1" />

When Hud started preaching and invited them to the worship of [[Tawhid|only the true God]] and when he told them to repent for their past sins and ask for mercy and forgiveness, the ʿĀd people began to revile him and wickedly began to mock God's message. Hud's story epitomizes the prophetic cycle common to the early prophets mentioned in the Quran: the prophet is sent to his people to tell them to worship God only and tells them to acknowledge that it is God who is the provider of their blessings<ref name="Noegel"/> The Quran<ref name="q11:50-60"/> states:

{{Quote|11:50 And to the people of ’Âd We sent their brother Hûd. He said, “O my people! Worship Allah. You have no god other than Him. You do nothing but fabricate lies ˹against Allah˺.<br>
11:51 O my people! I do not ask you for any reward for this ˹message˺. My reward is only from the One Who created me. Will you not then understand?<br>
11:52 And O my people! Seek your Lord’s forgiveness and turn to Him in repentance. He will shower you with rain in abundance, and add strength to your strength. So do not turn away, persisting in wickedness.”<br>
11:53 They argued, “O Hûd! You have not given us any clear proof, and we will never abandon our gods upon your word, nor will we believe in you.<br>
11:54 All we can say is that some of our gods have possessed you with evil.” He said, “I call Allah to witness, and you too bear witness, that I ˹totally˺ reject whatever you associate<br>
11:55 with Him ˹in worship˺. So let all of you plot against me without delay!<br>
11:56 I have put my trust in Allah—my Lord and your Lord. There is no living creature that is not completely under His control. Surely my Lord’s Way is perfect justice.<br>
11:57 But if you turn away, I have already delivered to you what I have been sent with. My Lord will replace you with others. You are not harming Him in the least. Indeed, my Lord is a ˹vigilant˺ Keeper over all things.”|{{qref|11|50-57|c=y}}}}

=== Miracle ===
According to a ''[[tafsir]]'' from [[Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya]] in his book of analysis, ''Madaarij Saalikeen'', which has been quoted by [[Ibn Abi al-Izz]] in his ''syarh'' (commentary) of [[Al-Aqida al-Tahawiyya]], Hud has a [[Islamic view of miracles|miracle]], which is pointed by the verse of 54-57:

{{Quote|''(54-55) "All we can say is that some of our gods have smitten you with evil." He replied: "I call God to witness, and you be witness too, that I am clear of what you associate (in your affairs) ... Apart from Him. Contrive against me as much as you like, and give me no respite.''
''(56) I place my trust in God who is my Lord and your Lord. There is no creature that moves on the earth who is not held by the forelock firmly by Him. Verily the way of my Lord is straight.''
''(57) If you turn away, then (remember) I have delivered to you the message I was sent with. My Lord will put other people in your place, and you will not be able to prevail against Him. Indeed my Lord keeps a watch over all things."''|Qur'an, Surah 11 (Hud), Ayat 54 –57}}

Both Ibn Qayyim and Ibn Abi al-Izz, examining this chain of verses as the occurrence when Hud fought alone against entire nation of 'Ad, the entire city was about to harm him both psychologically and physically, only to be defeated by miraculous power shown by Hud, which resulted from his firm belief to the protection from God.<ref name="Syarh Aqidah Tahawiyyah 1">{{cite book |last1=al-Hanafi |first1=Ibn Abi al-Izz |author1-link=Ibn Abi al-Izz |title=Syarh Aqidah Tahawiyyah |date=2020 |url=https://www.noor-book.com/en/ebook-%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%AD-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%87-%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86-%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B2-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%86%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%8A-pdf |access-date=20 December 2021 |language=ar |page=[https://islamweb.net/ar/library/index.php?page=bookcontents&idfrom=4&idto=4&bk_no=119&ID=5 primary Madarij al-Salikin by Ibn Qayyim]}}{{YouTube|id=Jij3D5AqwIE|title=Kisah Nabi Hud 'Alaihissalam - Ustadz Dr. Firanda Andirja, M.A.}}</ref> [[Umar Sulaiman Al-Ashqar]], a [[Salafi movement|Salafi]] scholar of Tafsir, quoted this literation in his book,<ref name="Umar Sulaiman al Ashqar">{{cite book |last1=Sulaiman al Ashqar |first1=Umar |title=Pengantar Studi Akidah Islam |date=2018 |publisher=Pustaka al Kautsar |isbn=9789795928058 |pages=118, 129, 130, 287 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yf_dDwAAQBAJ |access-date=21 December 2021 |language=id}}</ref> while his brother, Muhammad Sulaiman Al Ashqar, professor of [[Islamic University of Madinah]], also implied his support of this narrative about Hud's miracle, in his own tafsir, ''Zubdat at Tafsir Min Fath al Qadir''.<ref name="Zubdat at Tafsir al Jazairi">{{cite web |last1=Sulaiman al Ashqar |first1=Muhammad |translator=Daris Musthofa |title=Surat Hud 57 |url=https://tafsirweb.com/3549-surat-hud-ayat-57.html |website=Tafsirweb |publisher=Tafsirweb; Ministry of religious Affair of Indonesia; Ministry of Saudi Arabia |access-date=20 December 2021 |language=id,ar |page=[https://tafsirweb.com/wp-content/uploads/Kitab-Tafsir/06-Zubdat-at-Tafsir/ar_Zobdat_altafser.pdf Original version of Zubdat al Tafsir]}}</ref> The miracle is further highlighted by Firanda Andirja, lecturer of ''Al-[[Masjid al-Haram]]''.

=== Calamity upon ʿĀd ===
After Hud has been left alone by the people of ʿĀd for a long time. The majority of them, however, refused to pay any notice to his teachings and they kept ignoring and mocking all he said. As their aggression, arrogance and idolatry deepened, God, after plenty of warning, sent a [[thunderstorm|thunderous storm]] to finish the wicked people of ʿĀd once and for all. The destruction of the ʿĀd is described in the Quran:<ref name="q46:21-26"/>

{{Quote|''Then when they saw the torment as a ˹dense˺ cloud approaching their valleys, they said ˹happily˺, “This is a cloud bringing us rain.” ˹But Hûd replied,˺ “No, it is what you sought to hasten: a ˹fierce˺ wind carrying a painful punishment!” It destroyed everything by the command of its Lord, leaving nothing visible except their ruins. This is how We reward the wicked people.''|{{qref|46|24-25|c=y}} }}

The [[King Saud University]] from The Kingdom of [[Saudi Arabia]] stated the interpretation from [[Al-Tabari]] of Quran {{qref|69|6-129}} were narrated about the disaster which caused the extinction of ʿĀd.<ref name="Quran KSA Edu al Haqqah, Ad">{{cite web |title=وَأَمَّا عَادٌ فَأُهْلِكُوا بِرِيحٍ صَرْصَرٍ عَاتِيَةٍ (6) |trans-title=التفسير Tafsir (explication) الطبري - As for Aad, they were decimated by a fierce squall wind (6). |url=http://quran.ksu.edu.sa/tafseer/tabary/sura69-aya6.html?_x_tr_sl=ar&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc |website=ksu.edu |publisher=[[King Saud University]] |access-date=23 February 2022 |language=ar}}</ref> [[Wahbah al-Zuhayli]], [[Salih bin Abdullah al Humaid]], Imam of Grand Mosque of Mecca, along with the officials of [[ Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Dawah and Guidance]] also agreed the verse were speaking about the punishment from God towards ʿĀd peoples.<ref name="Tafsirweb Religious affair ministry haqqah 6">{{cite web |author1=Salih bin Abdullah al Humaid |author2=professor Shalih bin Abdullah bin Humaid from Riyadh Tafsir center |author3=Imad Zuhair Hafidz from Markaz Ta'dhim Qur'an Medina|author4=Wahbah al-Zuhayli |author1-link=Salih bin Abdullah al Humaid |author4-link=Wahbah al-Zuhayli|title=Surat Haqqah ayat 6 |date=2016 |url=https://tafsirweb.com/11198-surat-al-haqqah-ayat-6.html |website=Tafsirweb |publisher=[[Islamic University of Madinah]]; [[Ministry of Religious Affairs (Indonesia)]]; [[Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Dawah and Guidance]] |access-date=30 January 2022 |language=Indonesian, Arabic}}</ref>

Meanwhile, another Quran verse that describe further the characteristic of winds that bear calamity were [[Adh-Dhariyat]]:
{{Quote|''And in ˹the story of˺ ’Âd ˹was another lesson,˺ when We sent against them the devastating wind.''|{{qref|51|41|c=y}}}}

Exegesis experts translate ''Ar-Rīḥ al-ʿAqīm'' ({{lang|ar|ٱلرِّيْح ٱلْعَقِيْم}}) literally as "fruitless wind" or "barren wind", a wind that does not bring benefit or any positive reaction to any biological existences.<ref name="Syarh Aqidah Tahawiyyah 1" /> According to Arabic linguists and tafseer experts who examined ''al-Aqeem'', its literal form is "sterile" in this verse's context, which correlates the antithesis of common characteristic of natural winds that usually benefitted the natural cycle, or any biological progressions or reproductions, whether for humans, animals or plants.<ref name="Syarh Aqidah Tahawiyyah 1" />

In addition for its barren characteristic, another verse also described additional features about the catastrophic tornado which decimated the 'Ad is in ''Surah [[Al-Qamar]]'':
{{Quote|''Indeed, We sent against them a furious wind, on a day of unrelenting misery,''|{{qref|54|19|c=y}}}}

Exegesis experts describe ''ar-Rīḥ ash-Sharshar'' ({{lang|ar|ٱلرِّيْح ٱلشَّرْشَر}}, the cold and harsh wind) as literally freezing yet possess thunderous deafening voice, and according to Tafsir Ibn Kathir, the strength of such punishing winds alone has squeezed the peoples of Ad inside out, until their intestines came out from their rectum and mouths.<ref name="Syarh Aqidah Tahawiyyah 1" /> Nevertheless, modern contemporary scholars such as [[Al-Tahawi]], [[Wahbah al-Zuhayli]], and other scholars from [[Islamic University of Madinah]] and [[Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Dawah and Guidance|Saudi religious ministry]] has interpreted the verses of Al-Qamar from 18th verse to the 20th verse were narrating the story about the process of the calamity upon ʿĀd.<ref name="Tafsirweb Religious affair ministry al qamar 18">{{cite web |author1=Salih bin Abdullah al Humaid |author2=professor Shalih bin Abdullah bin Humaid |author3=Imad Zuhair Hafidz from Markaz Ta'dhim Qur'an Medina|author4=Abdul-Rahman al-Sa'di |author1-link=Salih bin Abdullah al Humaid |author4-link=Abdul-Rahman al-Sa'di|title=Surat al Qamar 18|date=2016 |url=https://tafsirweb.com/10256-surat-al-qamar-ayat-18.html |website=Tafsirweb |publisher=[[Islamic University of Madinah]]; [[Ministry of Religious Affairs (Indonesia)]]; [[Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Dawah and Guidance]] |access-date=30 January 2022 |language=Indonesian, Arabic}}</ref><ref name="Syarh Aqidah Tahawiyyah 1" /><ref name="Tafsirweb Religious affair ministry al qamar 20">{{cite web |author1=Salih bin Abdullah al Humaid |author2=professor Shalih bin Abdullah bin Humaid |author3=Imad Zuhair Hafidz from Markaz Ta'dhim Qur'an Medina|author4=Abdul-Rahman al-Sa'di |author5=Wahbah al-Zuhayli |author5-link=Wahbah al-Zuhayli |author1-link=Salih bin Abdullah al Humaid |author4-link=Abdul-Rahman al-Sa'di|title=Surat al Qamar 20|date=2016 |url=https://tafsirweb.com/10258-surat-al-qamar-ayat-20.html |website=Tafsirweb |publisher=[[Islamic University of Madinah]]; [[Ministry of Religious Affairs (Indonesia)]]; [[Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Dawah and Guidance]] |access-date=30 January 2022 |language=Indonesian, Arabic}}</ref>

== In the hadith ==
There are several [[hadith]]s from various chains that became supporting materials regarding Calamity that has fallen upon the ʿĀd peoples, such as: 
* [[Abdulaziz al-Tarefe]] commented in his book Aqida al-Khurasaniyya on a hadith narrated by [[Abu Sa'id al-Khudri]], in which [[Muhammad]] warned about the [[Kharijites]]: "From this one's lineage, there will emerge people who recite the Quran, but it will not go beyond their throats. They will separate themselves from Islam and leave the idol worshippers unharmed; if I live to see them, I will surely kill them as ʿĀd were killed (by Hud)." This hadith is recorded in [[Sahih al-Bukhari]], [[Sahih Muslim]], [[Al-Nasa'i]], and [[Sunan Abu Dawood]], and has been graded authentic by [[Muhammad Nasiruddin al-Albani]].They will separate themselves from Islam and leave the idol worshippers unharmed; if I live to see them, I will surely kill them as ʿĀd were killed (by Hud)." This hadith is recorded in [[Sahih al-Bukhari]], [[Sahih Muslim]], [[Al-Nasa'i]], and [[Sunan Abu Dawood]], and has been graded authentic by [[Muhammad Nasiruddin al-Albani]]. They will sever from Islam and leave the worshippers of Idols alone; but if I live up to their time I shall certainly kill them as 'Ad were killed (by Hud).'' The Hadith has recorded in [[Al-Nasa'i]], [[Sahih al-Bukhari]], [[Sahih Muslim]], and [[Sunan Abu Dawood]], which all graded authentic by [[Muhammad Nasiruddin al-Albani]].<ref name="Marzuq at-Tarifi">{{cite book |last1=Marzuq at-Tarifi |first1=Abd al Aziz|translator1=Masturi Irham |translator2=Malik Supar |author1-link=Abdulaziz al-Tarefe |title=Akidah Salaf Vs Ilmu Kalam Jilid 2 Akidah Al-Khurasaniyyah #2 |date=2020 |publisher=Pustaka al-Kautsar |location=Cipinang Muara, Jakarta, Indonesia |isbn=9789795928553 |page=312 [https://sunnah.com/search?q=%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B9%D9%88%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%84+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86 Abu Dawud, Bukhari, Muslim, Nasa'i] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bevbDwAAQBAJ |access-date=20 December 2021 |language=ar }}</ref>
* Another mention of the calamity of 'Ad from Hadith came from the narration of [[Ibn Abbas]] and recorded in [[Sahih al-Bukhari]] and [[Sahih Muslim]] during the [[battle of the trench]], when the [[Shirk (Islam)|polytheists]] coalition army encampment were struck by storm, that Muhammad as said: "I have been made victorious with ''As-Saba'' (easterly wind) and the people of 'Ad were destroyed by ''Ad-Dabur'' (westerly wind)."<ref name="Ringkasan Shahih Muslim">{{cite book |last1=Nasiruddin al-Albani |first1=Muhammad |translator=Elly Lathifah |author1-link=Muhammad Nasiruddin al-Albani |editor1-last=Kurniawan |editor1-first=Harlis |title=Ringkasan Shahih Muslim/Mukhtasar Sahih Muslim |date=2005 |publisher=Gema Insani |isbn=9795619675 |page=220 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rMp7WLaV6wMC |access-date=25 December 2021 |language=Indonesian, Arabic}}</ref><ref name="الموسوعة الحديثية">{{cite web |last1=al-Bukhari |first1=Muhammad |title=الموسوعة الحديثية |url=https://dorar.net/hadith/sharh/8755 |website=Dorar |access-date=25 December 2021 |page=[http://qaalarasulallah.com/hadithView.php?ID=3210 Book: Prophets - كتاب أحاديث الأنبياء Global Id: 3210 (0) Reference: Sahih al-Bukhari 3343]}}</ref>

== Place of burial ==
Several sites are revered as the tomb of Hud. The most noted site, ''[[Qabr Hud]]'', is located in a village in  [[Hadhramaut Governorate|Hadhramaut]], Yemen, and is a place of frequent Muslim [[pilgrimage]]. [[Robert Bertram Serjeant]], in his study of the pilgrimage rite to the tomb of Hud, verified on the spot<ref>{{cite journal |last=Serjeant |first=Robert Bertram |author-link=Robert Bertram Serjeant |date=1954 |title=Hud and Other Pre-islamic Prophets in Hadhramawt |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/137033200/Serjeant-Hud-and-Other-Pre-Islamic-Prophets-1954 |url-access=subscription |volume=67 |journal=[[Le Muséon]] |publisher=[[Peeters Publishers]] |page=129}}</ref> the facts related by [[Ali ibn Abi Bakr al-Harawi|Al-Harawi]],<ref name="harawi">{{cite book |first=Ali ibn Abi Bakr |last=Al-Harawi |author-link=Ali ibn Abi Bakr al-Harawi |title=Kitab al-Isharat ila Ma rifat al-Ziyarat |trans-title=Book of indications to make known the places of visitations}}</ref>{{rp|97/220–221}} who described, at the gate of the [[Mosque]], on the west side, the rock onto which Hud climbed to make the [[Adhan|call to prayer]], and mentioned the grotto of ''Balhut'' at the bottom of the ravine.<ref name=EoI/> Around the tomb and neighborhood, various ancient ruins and inscriptions have been found.<ref>{{cite book |first1=Daniel |last1=van der Meulen |first2=Hermann |last2=von Wissmann |edition=1st |author1-link=:nl:Daniel van der Meulen |author2-link=Hermann von Wissmann (geographer) |date=1964 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mskUAAAAIAAJ |title=Hadramaut: Some of its mysteries unveiled |series=Publication of the De Goeje Fund no. 9. |location=Leiden |publisher=[[E.J. Brill]] |isbn=978-90-04-00708-6}}</ref> However, as is often the case with the graves of prophets, other locations have been listed. A possible location for his ''qabr'' ({{langx|ar|{{Script|Arab|قَبْر}}|grave}}) is said to be near the [[Zamzam Well]] in [[Saudi Arabia]],<ref name="harawi"/>{{rp|86/98}} or in the south wall of the [[Umayyad Mosque]] in [[Syria]].<ref name="harawi" />{{rp|15/38}} Some scholars have added that the Masjid has an inscription stating: ''Haḏā [[Maqam (shrine)|Maqām]] Hūd'' ({{langx|ar|{{Script|Arab|هَٰذَا مَقَام هُوْد}}|This is (the) Tomb of Hud}});<ref>{{cite book |author=Ibn Battuta |author-link=Ibn Battuta |title=Rihla |trans-title=The Travels |at=i, 205; ii, 203|title-link=Ibn Battuta#Rihla }}</ref> others, however, suggest that this belief is a local tradition spewing from the reverence the locals have for Hud.<ref name="EoI"/>

<gallery mode="packed">
File:Prophet Hud tomb in Yemen.jpg|''[[Qabr Hud]]'' in the [[Hadhramaut Governorate|governorate]] of [[Hadhramaut]], [[Yemen]]
File:Tomb of prophet Hud.jpg|''[[Maqam (shrine)|Maqam]]'' of Hud in [[Jordan]], the [[Levant]]
</gallery>

== In other religions ==
Hud is referred to in the [[Baháʼí Faith]] as a Prophet who appeared after Noah and prior to Abraham, who exhorted the people to abandon idolatry and practice monotheism. His endeavors to save His people resulted in their "willful blindness" and His rejection.<ref>{{Cite book |author1=Baháʼuʼlláh |title=Book of Certitude |publisher=Forgotten Books |isbn=1605060933 |pages=9}}</ref>

[[Judaism]] and [[Christianity]] do not venerate Hud as a prophet and, as a figure, he is absent from the [[Bible]]. However, there are several pre-Quranic references in [[Palmyrene Empire|Palmyrene]] inscription to individuals named Hud or possessing a name which is connected to ''Hud'' as well as references to the people of ʿĀd.<ref name="Noegel"/>

== See also ==
* [[Biblical narratives and the Quran]]
* [[Legends and the Quran]]
* [[Muhammad in Islam]]
* [[Stories of The Prophets]]

== Citations ==
{{reflist|2}}

== Bibliography ==

=== References in the Qur'an ===
* ʿĀd people built their land: {{qref|7|69}}, {{qref|26|133-134}}, {{qref|89|7-8}}
* Arrogance of the ʿĀd people: {{qref|41|15}}, {{qref|26|128-129}},
* Hud's prophecy: {{qref|7|65-72}}, {{qref|11|50-57}}, {{qref|23|32}} {{qref|26|124-127}}, {{qref|26|131-132}}, {{qref|26|135}}, {{qref|46|21-23}}
* Persecution of Hud: {{qref|7|66-67}}, {{qref|11|53-55}}, {{qref|14|9}}, {{qref|26|136-137}} {{qref|38|12}}, {{qref|46|21}}, {{qref|50|13}}, {{qref|54|18}}
* Destruction of ʿĀd: {{qref|7|72}}, {{qref|11|58}}, {{qref|11|89}}, {{qref|23|41}}, {{qref|25|38}}, {{qref|26|139}}, {{qref|29|38}}, {{qref|29|40}}, {{qref|40|31}}, {{qref|41|13}}, {{qref|41|16}}, {{qref|46|24-25}}, {{qref|51|41-42}}, {{qref|53|50}}, {{qref|54|19-20}}, {{qref|69|6-8}}, {{qref|89|6}}

=== Further reading ===
* Qur'anic [[Tafsir]] on chapters VII, XI, XXVI (cf. index: ''Hud'')
* {{cite book |author=Ibn Qutaybah |author-link=Ibn Qutaybah |title=Kitāb al-Ma'ārif |edition=‘Ukāshah, Tharwat |year=1960 |location=Cairo |publisher=[[Egyptian National Library and Archives|Dār al-Kutub]] |pages=28, 56 |language=ar |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_th3gAAAAMAAJ}}
* {{cite book |author=Al-Tabari |author-link=Al-Tabari |title=Tārīkh al-Rusul wa al-Mulūk |trans-title=History of the Prophets and Kings |volume=I |page=231|title-link=History of the Prophets and Kings }}
* {{cite book |author=Al-Tha'alibi |author-link=Al-Tha'alibi |translator-first=William M. |translator-last=Brinner |title=Qisas Al-Anbiya |trans-title=Tales of the Prophets |year=2002 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/AhmadIbnMuhammadThalabiAraisAlMajalisFiQisasAlAnbiyaLivesOfTheProphetsLivesOfTheProphets/page/n139 105]–113 |isbn=90-04-12589-2 |location=Leiden |publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |url=https://archive.org/details/AhmadIbnMuhammadThalabiAraisAlMajalisFiQisasAlAnbiyaLivesOfTheProphetsLivesOfTheProphets}}
* {{cite book |author=Abu Muhammad al-Hasan al-Hamdani |author-link=Abu Muhammad al-Hasan al-Hamdani |title=Kitāb al-Iklīl min akhbār al-Yaman wa-ansāb Ḥimyar |trans-title=Crowns from the Accounts of al-Yemen and the genealogies of Ḥimyar |volume=I |page=37 |language=ar |url=https://archive.org/details/aliklil-1/page/n35}}
* {{cite web |author=Shalih ibn Abdullah ibn Humaidi |author2=Wahbah al-Zuhayli |author3=Imad Zuhair Hafidh |author4=Abdul-Rahman al-Sa'di|author5=Muhammad Sulaiman al-Ashqar|author-link4=Abdul-Rahman al-Sa'di|author-link2=Wahbah al-Zuhayli |title=''Tafsir Al-Mukhtashar / Markaz Tafsir Riyadh; Tafsir Al-Muyassar Ministry of Saudi Arabia; Zubdatut Tafsir Min Fathil Qadir Islamic University of Medina; Tafsir Al-Wajiz by Wahbah al-Zuhaily; Tafsir Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah ; Tafsir as-Sa'di by Abdul-Rahman al-Sa'di ; concise Tafseer by Indonesian Ministry of religious affair''|publisher= [[Ministry of Islamic Affairs, Dawah and Guidance]]; [[Islamic University of Madinah]]; [[Ministry of Religious Affairs (Indonesia)]]|language=id,ar |url=https://tafsirweb.com/3549-surat-hud-ayat-57.html}}

== External links ==
* {{cite web |archive-date=13 January 2002 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020113104538/http://www.witness-pioneer.org/vil/Articles/Prophet/hud.htm |url=http://www.witness-pioneer.org/vil/Articles/Prophet/hud.htm |title=Prophet Hud |website=Witness-Pioneer: A Virtual Islamic Organization |access-date=21 November 2019}}
* [https://archive.org/details/Nayl-almgsod/mode/2up نيل المقصود في مشروعية زيارة نبي الله هود عليه السلام] (book in Arabic)
* [https://www.islamiclandmarks.com/various/maqam-of-prophet-hud-as Maqam of Prophet Hud (عليه السلام), Yemen]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KWPDescamiI View from Prophet Hud's grave] ([[YouTube]])

{{Prophets in the Qur'an}}
{{Qur'anic people}}
{{Adam to Muhammad}}
{{Muslim saints}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hud (Prophet)}}
[[Category:Prophets of the Quran]]
[[Category:Iram of the Pillars]]
[[Category:Miracle workers]]