View source for Hueco Tanks

{{Use American English|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox NRHP
| name = Hueco Tanks
| nrhp_type = nhl
| designated_other1_name = Texas State Historic Site
| designated_other1_abbr = TSHS
| designated_other1_color = #CDE5B2
| designated_other1_link = List of Texas state historic sites
| designated_other1_date = June 12, 1969
| designated_other1_number = 
| designated_other1_num_position = bottom
| image = Hueco-tanks-east-mtn-tx1.jpg
| alt = 
| caption = East Mountain at Hueco Tanks
| locmapin = Texas#USA
| map_label = Hueco Tanks
| map_alt = Located in Texas within El Paso County
| locmap_relief = yes
| coordinates = {{coord|31|55|13|N|106|02|19|W|region:US_type:landmark|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| nearest_city = [[El Paso, Texas]]
| area = {{convert|860|acre|ha}}
| built = 
| builder = 
| architect = 
| architecture = 
| visitation_num = 
| visitation_year = 
| visitation_ref = 
| sigdate1_label = Prehistoric
| sigdate1 = 1000-1499 AD
| sigdate2_label = Historic Aboriginal
| sigdate2 = 1500-1824
| sigdate3_label = 
| sigdate3 = 
| added = July 14, 1971
| designated_nrhp_type=January 13, 2021
| refnum = 71000930<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|version=2010a}}</ref>
}}
'''Hueco Tanks''' is an area of low mountains and historic site in [[El Paso County, Texas]], in the [[United States]]. It is located in a high-altitude desert basin between the [[Franklin Mountains (Texas)|Franklin Mountains]] to the west and the [[Hueco Mountains]] to the east.  ''Hueco'' is a Spanish word meaning "hollows" and refers to the many water-holding depressions in the boulders and rock faces throughout the region. Due to the unique concentration of historic artifacts, plants and wildlife, the site is under protection of Texas law; it is a crime to remove, alter, or destroy them.<ref>{{harvnb|Sutherland|1996}} p.25</ref>

The historic site is located approximately 32 miles (51&nbsp;km) northeast of central [[El Paso, Texas]], accessible via El Paso's Montana Avenue ([[U.S. Route 62 in Texas|U.S. Route 62]]/[[U.S. Route 180 in Texas|U.S. Route 180]]), by turning at [[List of Farm to Market Roads in Texas (2700–2799)#RM 2775|RM 2775]].  The park consists of three [[syenite]] (a weak form of granite) mountains; it is {{convert|860|acre|ha}} in area<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|title=Ancient desert oasis - Hueco Tanks a monument to native cultures|last=Rentería|first=Ramón|date=24 May 2011|work=Las Cruces Sun-News}}</ref> and is popular for recreation such as [[birdwatching]] and [[bouldering]]. It is culturally and spiritually significant to many [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]].  This significance is partially manifested in the [[pictographs]] (rock paintings) that can be found throughout the region, many of which are thousands of years old.<ref>Mulvihill, K. [http://travel.nytimes.com/2008/09/19/travel/escapes/19Pict.html "On Rock Walls, Painted Prayers to Rain Gods"], ''[[The New York Times]]''. September 19, 2008. Retrieved 9/19/08.</ref>

==Designation==
Hueco Tanks State Park & Historic Site was obtained from the county by special deed on June 12, 1969, and by purchase of {{cvt|121|acres}} additional land on August 10, 1970. This site was opened to the public in May 1970. This {{cvt|860.3|acres}} park is named for the large natural rock basins or "huecos" that have furnished a supply of trapped rainwater to dwellers and travelers in this arid region of west Texas for millennia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/state-parks/hueco-tanks/park_history|title = Hueco Tanks State Park & Historic Site History — Texas Parks & Wildlife Department}}</ref>

== History ==
[[File:Hueco_Bolson_1909.jpg|thumb|US Geological Survey photograph shows a wagon crossing the desert in front of Hueco Tanks in 1909.]]
The park has gone through considerable changes during private and public ownership. The inscribed names of Texas Rangers and US Cavalrymen, as well as Native American artifacts and paintings, attest to its historic nature.<ref>[http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/newsmedia/videos/state_park/big_bend_country/hueco_tanks.phtml Video of Hueco Tanks State Historic Site and Climbing opportunities] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071122072926/http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/newsmedia/videos/state_park/big_bend_country/hueco_tanks.phtml |date=2007-11-22 }}</ref>

This site had originally attracted people due to its critical resource needed to survive life in the desert-water. The huge rocks and boulders have cracks and are pocketed with holes-huecos that trap and hold rainwater for months at a time. Passing people found this out and had made it known for future travelers by encrypting the walls with pictures and symbols on the rocks.<ref>{{cite web|title=Texas Beyond History|url=http://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/hueco/index.html|access-date=September 2, 2016}}</ref>

===Early inhabitants===
[[File:Metates and White Horned Dancer, Hueco Tanks.jpg|thumb|right|[[Metate]]s and White Horned Dancer in the Cave of the White Horned Dancer,<ref>{{harvnb|Sutherland|1996}} p.18 and also title page.</ref> Hueco Tanks ]]

Human habitation of the area dates back 10,000 years with the arrival of the [[Archaic period (North America)|Desert Archaic Culture]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/gkh02|title=Hueco Tanks State Historic Site|last1=Miles|first1=Robert W.|last2=Ralph|first2=Ronald W.|date=15 June 2010|website=Handbook of Texas Online|access-date=15 June 2017}}</ref> These people would have eaten [[mesquite]] beans, [[Yucca baccata|banana yucca]] and [[cactus]] fruits in Hueco Tanks.{{Sfn|Sutherland|1996|p=8}} The region was inhabited by various peoples, from the [[Paleo-Indian]]s who used [[Folsom point]]s to hunt the Megafauna of North America, to the people of the 'Jornada [[Mogollon culture|Mogollon]]' (pronounced ''mo-goi-YONE''). This site was once a Jornada Mogollon village, according to an archaeological dig of the ground between North Mountain and West Mountain. By about 700 years ago, the population of the village could no longer be sustained by the small agricultural area surrounding Hueco Tanks.  At this point, a population shift occurred and settlements were formed on the nearby playas to the south, west, and northwest.  There, they flourished until about 1450 A.D. when the area suffered from a series of severe droughts.<ref>"Hueco Tanks." Texas Beyond History. Jan. 2008. Web. 22 Mar. 2011. <http://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/hueco/story.html>.</ref> Although it took time, by about 1600 A.D. the region was inhabited by the [[Apache]] people, who moved in from Canada (see the [[Athabascan]]s).

Agriculture was introduced in the area sometime around 1000 A.D. and along with it, the development of the Jornada [[Mogollon culture|Mogollon Culture]].<ref name=":1" /> The Jornada people built a village in the area and grew [[Maize|corn]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/hueco/|title=Hueco Tanks|date=January 2008|website=Texas Beyond History|access-date=2017-06-15}}</ref>

Later the area was occupied by [[Mescalero]] and [[Lipan Apache people|Lipan]] Apaches and [[Jumanos|Jumano people]].<ref name=":1" /> Also using the area were [[Comanche]], [[Kiowa]] and [[Ysleta del Sur Pueblo|Tiguas]].<ref name=":1" /> Spanish and Mexican travelers were rare visitors to the area.<ref name=":1" /> The Kiowa called the area the ''Tso-doi-gyata-de-dee'', meaning "rock cave where they were surrounded."{{Sfn|Metz|1999|p=275}} In 1837, the Kiowa signed a treaty with the United States, however, shortly after Mexican soldiers forced them into a six-day siege in Hueco Tanks, during which most of them died.{{Sfn|Metz|1999|p=275}} The earliest known modern graffiti dates back to the 1840s.<ref name=":3" />

The area was visited by United States Boundary Commissioner, [[John Russell Bartlett|John R. Bartlett]], in 1852 who recorded some of the pictographs.<ref name=":1" /> Between 1858 and 1859, the [[Butterfield Overland Mail]] kept a [[stagecoach]] station in the area, but left when a better location was found to the south.<ref name=":1" /> An El Paso businessman, Juan Armendariz, purchased much of the Hueco Tanks land to use for ranching in 1895.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=http://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/hueco/story.html|title=Weaving the Story: The People of Hueco Tanks|date=January 2008|website=Texas Beyond History|access-date=2017-06-15}}</ref> Silverio Escontrías bought the land from Armendariz in 1898 and the family used it as a ranch and tourist attraction until 1956.<ref name=":1" /> The early El Paso Archaeological Society (EPAS) began to campaign for the land to be turned into a park and in 1935, the [[National Park Service]] offered to buy the land from the Escontrías family, but they refused.<ref name=":6" /> Fort Bliss leased land from the Escontrías family for training purposes in the 1940s and 50s.<ref name=":6" /> The ranch went on the real estate market in 1956 and during this time, members of archaeological and historical societies raised awareness of the area's significance.<ref name=":6" /> [[El Paso County, Texas|El Paso County]] took over the land in the mid-1960s.<ref name=":1" />[[File:Hueco_Tanks_State_Park,_A_journey_into_the_past_141206-A-FJ979-008.jpg|alt=Rock painting of a deer at Hueco Tanks.|thumb|Rock painting of a deer at Hueco Tanks.|left]]In 1968, it was discussed whether or not the park should be turned over to the Tiguas.{{Sfn|Metz|1993|p=262}} In 1969, the El Paso County commissioners decided to deed the park to the [[Texas Parks and Wildlife Department|Texas Parks and Wildlife]] Commission.{{Sfn|Metz|1993|p=263}} It was made a [[List of Texas state parks|Texas State Park]] in 1970.<ref name=":0" /> The park's information center was made from the old Escontrías ranch house.{{Sfn|Metz|1999|p=276}} It was added to the [[National Register of Historic Places]] in 1971.<ref name=":1" /> Archaeological excavations conducted by George Kegley took place in the area between 1972 and 1973.<ref name=":1" /> The park was named the Hueco Tanks State Historic Site in 1998.<ref name=":1" />

== Pictographs ==
[[File:Rock_drawings,_or_pictographs,_in_a_restricted_area_of_Hueco_Tanks_State_Historic_Site_near_El_Paso_in_El_Paso_County,_Texas_LCCN2014631144.tif|alt=Rock drawings, or pictographs, in a restricted area of Hueco Tanks State Historic Site near El Paso, Texas.|thumb|Rock drawings, or [[Pictogram|pictographs]], in a restricted area of Hueco Tanks State Historic Site near El Paso, Texas.]]

The first paintings made at Hueco Tanks were done by members of the Desert Archaic Culture, and depicted abstract designs.{{Sfn|Sutherland|1996|p=8}} These were created between 6000 and 3000 B.C.{{Sfn|Sutherland|1996|p=8}} Between 3000 BC and 450 A.D., pictures of animals and humans were drawn on the rocks.{{Sfn|Sutherland|1996|p=9}}

Most of the [[Pictogram|pictographs]] at Hueco Tanks are of Jornada [[Mogollon culture|Mogollon]] origin.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=http://www.elpasotimes.com/story/sports/2017/06/02/hueco-tanks-closes-areas-protect-pictographs/363985001/|title=Hueco Tanks closes areas to protect pictographs|last=Knight|first=Bill|date=2 June 2017|work=El Paso Times|access-date=2017-06-15|language=en}}</ref> The drawings may have been used in praying for rain.<ref name=":2" /> The Jornada's religion was influenced by [[Mesoamerican religion]]s.{{Sfn|Sutherland|1996|p=13}} Many of the Hueco Tanks drawings depicted [[Tlaloc]], a rain god and [[Quetzalcoatl]].{{Sfn|Sutherland|1996|p=13}}

Modern graffiti by [[Anglo]] people started appearing when someone painted "1849" over some of the original pictographs.{{Sfn|Sutherland|1996|p=6}}

The first scientific overview of the rock paintings at Hueco Tanks happened in the summer of 1939 with Forrest and Lula Kirkland recording the art.{{Sfn|Sutherland|1996|p=4}} Most of the colors used in the paintings came from minerals in the area.{{Sfn|Sutherland|1996|p=3}} The paintings themselves became bound to the rock through the aging process.{{Sfn|Sutherland|1996|p=4}}

In 1972, the El Paso Archaeological Society (EPAS) and the Anthropology Club of the [[University of Texas at El Paso]] (UTEP) systematically documented the drawings, their current conditions and sometimes relocated and inspected the rock art.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=http://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/hueco/explorations.html|title=Explorations and Archeological Investigations|date=January 2008|website=Texas Beyond History|access-date=2017-06-15}}</ref> The project discovered 300 previously unrecorded pictographs.<ref name=":5" /> The findings of their work was published in ''A Rock Art Inventory at Hueco Tanks State Park'' (1974).<ref name=":5" /> In 1988, park ranger Dave Parker and archeologist Ron Ralph plotted the location of all known pictographs.<ref name=":5" /> A digital database of the art and its GPS coordinates was started in 1999 with Robert Mark and Evelyn Billo.<ref name=":5" />

== Geology ==
[[File:One_of_the_large_"tanks"_in_Hueco_Tanks_State_Park_&_Historic_Site_in_the_low_mountains_above_El_Paso,_Texas_LCCN2014630724.tif|alt=One of the large "tanks" in Hueco Tanks State Park & Historic Site in the low mountains above El Paso, Texas.|thumb|One of the large "tanks" in Hueco Tanks State Park & Historic Site in the low mountains above El Paso, Texas.]]
The syenite [[pluton]] was formed 34-38 million years ago, as part of a larger range, the [[Hueco Mountains]], which range in age to over 320 million years ago, when this area was covered by an inland sea. The pluton was eventually exposed through weathering to form the rock formations visible today, which jut from the desert floor. The tanks were once capable of containing a year's supply of water.<ref name=":1" /> In addition to the tanks, there are several permanent springs and seasonal springs in the area.{{Sfn|Zimmer|2002|p=1}} The area receives less than {{convert|14|in}} of rainfall a year.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=http://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/hueco/setting.html|title=Natural Setting: A Rocky Oasis in the Desert|date=January 2008|website=Texas Beyond History|access-date=2017-06-15}}</ref>

The syenite rock formation is covered with 'desert patina' (visible in the image below), the result of thousands of years of weathering of the rock surface by sun, sand, and water; the site is culturally and spiritually significant to many [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]], such as the [[Mescalero Apache]], the [[Kiowa]],<ref>[http://www.desertusa.com/mag05/jun/konate.html Konate, a Kiowa was wounded at Hueco Tanks] during an 1839 ambush by Mexican militia. Konate survived to return to his home in Oklahoma, where the story was preserved.</ref> the [[Hopi]], and the [[Pueblo people]].  This significance is partially manifested in the [[pictographs]] (rock paintings) that can be found throughout the region, some of which are thousands of years old. Hueco Tanks contains the single largest concentration of mask paintings by Native Americans in North America, of which hundreds exist at this site.<ref>Forrest Kirkland & W.W. Newcomb (1967), ''Rock Art of the Texas Indians'', Austin: University of Texas Press. Kirkland distinguishes two different styles of mask: 1) the outline mask 2) the solid mask.</ref>

==Wildlife==
[[Notostraca|Freshwater shrimp]] and [[American spadefoot toad|spadefoot toads]] survive at the site; for this and other reasons, visitors are cautioned against touching the pools of water at Hueco Tanks to avoid destroying the eggs of these animals.<ref name="ReferenceA">Interpretive Center, Orientation Video, Hueco Tanks State Historic Site, 2009-12-26</ref><ref name="Hueco Tanks 2010">Spadefoot toads have re-spawned in Hueco Tanks, September 2010, due to the heavy monsoon rains this year. —Ed Woton, Interpretive Guide, Hueco Tanks State Historic Site, Oct 17, 2010.</ref> Other [[amphibian]]s seen in the park include [[barred tiger salamander]]s.<ref name=":4" /> Around 30 different species of [[reptile]]s live in the area.<ref name=":4" /> In 2002, 222 different species of bird were documented at the site during the year.{{Sfn|Zimmer|2002|p=1}} Migratory birds such as waterfowl and songbirds pass through during migration seasons.<ref name=":4" /> Several birds such as the [[prairie falcon]], [[burrowing owl]], [[White-throated swift|white throated swift]], [[black-chinned hummingbird]], [[Ash-throated flycatcher|ash throated flycatcher]], [[Crissal thrasher]], [[blue grosbeak]], [[Scott's oriole]] and [[lesser goldfinch]] all likely breed in the area.<ref name=":4" /> The park is home today to [[mule deer]], [[American black bear|black bear]]s, [[bobcat]]s, [[gray fox]], [[coyote]]s, [[badger]]s, [[Ring-tailed cat|ringtails]], [[skunk]]s, [[raccoon]]s, [[Cougar|mountain lions]], [[black-tailed jackrabbit]]s, [[desert cottontail]], [[eastern cottontail]], six species of [[bat]]s and twenty species of [[rodent]]s.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Hueco Tanks State Park & Historic Site Nature — Texas Parks & Wildlife Department |url=http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/state-parks/hueco-tanks/nature |website=tpwd.texas.gov |language=en-us}}</ref>

==Plants==
Around the syenite outcrops, the park is surrounded by [[Chihuahuan Desert]] scrub with [[Larrea tridentata|creosote bush]] as the dominant species.{{Sfn|Zimmer|2002|p=1}} The site contains enough water to support [[live oak]]s and [[juniper]]s, species which survive from the last ice age. Other trees found in the area include [[Celtis reticulata|netleaf hackberry]], [[Morus celtidifolia|Texas mulberry]], [[Ungnadia|Mexican buckeye]], catclaw acacia, and [[Quercus arizonica|Arizona white oak]].{{Sfn|Zimmer|2002|p=1}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tpwd.texas.gov/state-parks/hueco-tanks/nature|title=Hueco Tanks State Park & Historic Site Nature — Texas Parks & Wildlife Department|website=tpwd.texas.gov|language=en-us|access-date=2020-04-27}}</ref> Hueco Tanks has the only population in the United States of the plant ''[[Colubrina stricta]]''.<ref name=":4" />

== Bouldering ==
[[Image:Hueco Tanks Bouldering.jpg|250px|thumb|Bouldering on North Mountain at Hueco Tanks]]
Hueco Tanks is widely regarded as one of the best areas in the world for [[bouldering]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rockclimbing.com/routes/North_America/United_States/Texas/West_Texas/Hueco_Tanks_State_Historic_Site/|title=Rock Climbing Routes in Hueco Tanks State Historic Site, West Texas|website=RockClimbing.com|access-date=2017-06-15}}</ref> that is, [[rock climbing]] low enough to attempt without ropes for protection.  It is unique for its rock type, the concentration and the quality of the climbing. In any given climbing season, which generally lasts from October through March, it is common for climbers from across Europe, Asia, and Australia to visit the park.  In February an outdoor bouldering competition known as the [[Hueco Rock Rodeo]] is held. The event is a world-class outdoor competition that attracts many professional climbers every year.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://visitelpaso.com/places/hueco-rock-rodeo|title=Hueco Rock Rodeo - Destination El Paso {{!}} El Paso, Texas|website=visitelpaso.com|access-date=2020-04-27}}</ref>

Since the implementation of the Public Use Plan in June 2000,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rockandice.com/climbing-news/hueco-tanks-public-use-plan-under-review/|title=Hueco Tanks Public Use Plan Under Review|website=Rock and Ice|date=20 February 2015|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.huecotanks.com/TPWD/hueco_tanks_report.pdf|title=Public Use Plan 2000}}</ref> following a brief closure of the entire park due to the park service's inability to manage the growing crowds of international climbers, more than two-thirds of the park is restricted to tours by volunteer or commercial guides.  Only North Mountain is accessible without guides, and then only for about 70 people at any given time, except on the south side at ground level, which is closed to the public.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tpwd.texas.gov/state-parks/hueco-tanks/activities|title=Hueco Tanks State Park & Historic Site Park Activities — Texas Parks & Wildlife Department|website=tpwd.texas.gov|language=en-us|access-date=2020-04-27}}</ref> The park offers camping and showers for $12 per night (as of April 2020),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tpwd.texas.gov/state-parks/hueco-tanks/fees-facilities/campsites|title=Hueco Tanks State Park & Historic Site Campsites — Texas Parks & Wildlife Department|website=tpwd.texas.gov|language=en-us|access-date=2020-04-27}}</ref> or, as is most popular for climbers, the nearby Hueco Rock Ranch offers camping where climbers can relax and socialize. This is also where commercial guides can be found, and where many volunteer guides stay during the climbing season.{{Citation needed|date=April 2020}}

==See also==
{{Portal|National Register of Historic Places|Texas}}
*[[National Register of Historic Places listings in El Paso County, Texas]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== References ==
* ''Gale Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes'', Volume II, p203-205.  (Mogollon)
* {{Cite book|title=El Paso Chronicles: A Record of Historical Events in El Paso, Texas|last=Metz|first=Leon C.|publisher=Mangan Books|year=1993|isbn=9780930208325|location=El Paso, Texas}}
* {{Cite book|title=El Paso: Guided Through Time|last=Metz|first=Leon|publisher=Mangan Books|year=1999|isbn=0930208374|location=El Paso, Texas}}
* {{Cite book|url=http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/publications/pwdpubs/media/pwd_bk_p4501_0095e.pdf|title=Rock Paintings at Hueco Tanks State Historical Park|last=Sutherland|first=Kay, Ph.D.|publisher=Texas Parks & Wildlife Department|year=1996|location=Austin, Texas|id= PWD-BK-P4503-095D-1291}}
* ''Texas Parks & Wildlife Magazine'', September 2004, ''The Rocks that Speak'', Carol Flake Chapman, p41-45.
* ''Turquoise Ridge and Late Prehistoric Residential Mobility in the Desert Mogollon Region'', [[Michael E. Whalen|Whalen, Michael E.]], Salt Lake City University of Utah Press, 1994.
* {{Cite book|url=http://tpwd.texas.gov/publications/pwdpubs/media/pwd_bk_p4501_0095a.pdf|title=Birds of Hueco Tanks State Historic Site: A Field Checklist|last=Zimmer|first=Barry R.|publisher=Texas Parks and Wildlife Department|year=2002}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Hueco Tanks State Park and Historic Site}}
* [http://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/firecracker/mogollon.html Firecracker Pueblo discusses the extent of the Jornada Mogollon.]
* {{cite web |url=http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/state-parks/hueco-tanks |title=Hueco Tanks State Historic Site Park information |access-date=April 14, 2013}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070815202450/http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/travel/tx/tx5.htm South and West Texas: A National Register of Historic Places Travel Itinerary]
* [http://www.huecorockranch.com/ Hueco Rock Ranch for climbers.]
* {{YouTube | id=9Breh5SCUbg | title=Ancient Rock Art is Reborn at Hueco Tanks State Park}} (2012 video)
* [http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/state-parks/hueco-tanks Hueco Tanks State Historic Site]
* [http://outdoorlifestyle.com/texas/hueco-tanks-state-park-000011.html Hueco Tanks] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170408185647/http://outdoorlifestyle.com/texas/hueco-tanks-state-park-000011.html |date=2017-04-08 }} Picture of a hueco, description of the video the park makes campers view, and links.
* {{Gnis|1338224|Hueco Tanks State Historic Site}}
*[https://texasarchive.org/2019_00889 News story on Hueco Tanks] from [[WFAA]] on [[Texas Archive of the Moving Image]]

{{Protected areas of Texas}}
{{Butterfield5}}
{{National Register of Historic Places in Texas}}
{{El Paso}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Landforms of El Paso County, Texas]]
[[Category:Mogollon culture]]
[[Category:Rock formations of Texas]]
[[Category:Climbing areas of Texas]]
[[Category:Butterfield Overland Mail in Texas]]
[[Category:Stagecoach stops in the United States]]