View source for Hugh Scott

{{Short description|American politician (1900–1994)}}
{{other people}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2022}}

{{infobox officeholder
| name               = Hugh Scott
| image              = SenHughScott.jpg
| image_size         = 
| caption            = 
| jr/sr3             = United States Senator
| state3             = [[Pennsylvania]]
| term_start3        = January 3, 1959
| term_end3          = January 3, 1977
| predecessor3       = [[Edward Martin (Pennsylvania politician)|Edward Martin]]
| successor3         = [[John Heinz]]
{{Collapsed infobox section begin|Senate positions|titlestyle=border: 1px dashed lightgrey;}}
{{Infobox officeholder |embed=yes
| office             = [[Party leaders of the United States Senate|Senate Minority Leader]]
| deputy             = [[Robert P. Griffin]]
| term_start         = September 24, 1969{{efn|Acting: September 5, 1969 – September 24, 1969}}
| term_end           = January 3, 1977
| predecessor        = [[Everett Dirksen]]
| successor          = [[Howard Baker]]
| office1            = [[Senate Republican Conference#Floor Leaders|Leader of the Senate Republican Conference]]
| deputy1            = Robert P. Griffin
| term_start1        = September 24, 1969
| term_end1          = January 3, 1977
| predecessor1       = Everett Dirksen
| successor1         = Howard Baker
| office2            = [[Party leaders of the United States Senate|Senate Minority Whip]]
| leader2            = Everett Dirksen
| term_start2        = January 3, 1969
| term_end2          = September 6, 1969
| predecessor2       = [[Thomas Kuchel]]
| successor2         = Robert P. Griffin
}}
{{Collapsed infobox section end}}
| office4            = Chair of the [[Republican National Committee]]
| term_start4        = June 27, 1948
| term_end4          = August 5, 1949
| predecessor4       = [[B. Carroll Reece]]
| successor4         = [[Guy Gabrielson]]
| office5            = Member of the<br>[[U.S. House of Representatives]]<br>from [[Pennsylvania]]
| term_start5        = January 3, 1947
| term_end5          = January 3, 1959
| predecessor5       = [[Herbert J. McGlinchey]]
| successor5         = [[Herman Toll]]
| constituency5      = {{ushr|PA|7|7th district}} (1941–1945)<br>{{ushr|PA|6|6th district}} (1947–1959)
| term_start6        = January 3, 1941
| term_end6          = January 3, 1945
| predecessor6       = [[George P. Darrow]]
| successor6         = [[James Wolfenden]]
| birth_name         = 
| birth_date         = {{birth date|1900|11|11}}
| birth_place        = [[Fredericksburg, Virginia]], U.S.
| death_date         = {{death date and age|1994|7|21|1900|11|11}}
| death_place        = [[Falls Church, Virginia]], U.S.
| restingplace       = [[Arlington National Cemetery]]
| party              = [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| father             = Hugh Doggett Scott
| mother             = Jane Lee Lewis
| spouse             = {{marriage|Marian Huntington Chase|1924|1987|end=died}}
| children           = 1
| relatives          = 
| alma_mater         = [[Randolph–Macon College]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])<br>[[University of Virginia]] ([[Bachelor of Laws|LLB]])
| occupation         = {{Hlist|Lawyer|politician}}
| allegiance         = United States
| branch             = {{tree list}}
* [[United States Army]]
* [[United States Navy]]
** [[United States Navy Reserve|Navy Reserve]]
{{tree list/end}}
| branch_label       = Branch
| serviceyears       = 1917–1918 (Army)<br>1940–1946 (Navy)
| rank               = [[Officer cadet#United States|Cadet]] (Army)<br>[[Commander (United States)|Commander]] (Navy)
| battles            = [[World War I]]<br>[[World War II]]
| battles_label      = Conflict
| module             = {{Listen|pos=center|embed=yes|filename=Hugh Scott voice.ogg|title=Hugh Scott's voice|type=speech|description=Scott on prosecution of [[Richard Nixon]] following the [[Watergate scandal]]<br />Recorded August 9, 1974}}
}}
'''Hugh Doggett Scott Jr.''' (November 11, 1900 &ndash; July 21, 1994) was an American politician. A member of the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]], he represented [[Pennsylvania]] in the [[U.S. House of Representatives]] from 1941 to 1945 and from 1947 to 1959 and in the [[U.S. Senate]], from 1959 to 1977. He served as [[party leaders of the United States Senate|Senate Minority Leader]] from 1969 to 1977.

Born and educated in [[Virginia]], Scott moved to [[Philadelphia]] to join his uncle's law firm. He was appointed as Philadelphia's assistant district attorney in 1926 and remained in that position until 1941. Scott won election to represent [[Northwest Philadelphia]] in the House of Representatives in 1940. He lost re-election in 1944 but won his seat back in 1946 and served in the House until 1959. Scott established a reputation as an [[internationalism (politics)|internationalist]] and moderate Republican Congressman. After helping [[Thomas E. Dewey]] win the 1948 Republican presidential nomination, Scott held the position of Chairman of the [[Republican National Committee]] from 1948 to 1949. He also served as [[Dwight Eisenhower]]'s campaign chairman in the 1952 presidential election.

Scott won election to the Senate in 1958, narrowly prevailing over Democratic Governor [[George M. Leader]]. He was a strong advocate for civil rights legislation and voted in favor of the [[Civil Rights Act of 1957|Civil Rights Acts of 1957]],<ref>{{cite journal|title=House – June 18, 1957|journal=[[Congressional Record]]|volume=103|issue=7|publisher=[[United States Government Publishing Office|U.S. Government Printing Office]]|page=9518|url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CRECB-1957-pt7/pdf/GPO-CRECB-1957-pt7-8-2.pdf|access-date=February 27, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=House – August 27, 1957|journal=[[Congressional Record]]|volume=103|issue=12|publisher=[[United States Government Publishing Office|U.S. Government Printing Office]]|pages=16112–16113|url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CRECB-1957-pt12/pdf/GPO-CRECB-1957-pt12-4-2.pdf|access-date=February 27, 2022}}</ref> [[Civil Rights Act of 1960|1960]],<ref>{{cite journal|title=Senate – April 8, 1960|journal=[[Congressional Record]]|volume=106|issue=6|publisher=[[United States Government Publishing Office|U.S. Government Printing Office]]|pages=7810–7811|url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CRECB-1960-pt6/pdf/GPO-CRECB-1960-pt6-8-1.pdf|access-date=February 18, 2022}}</ref> [[Civil Rights Act of 1964|1964]],<ref>{{cite journal|title=Senate – June 19, 1964|journal=[[Congressional Record]]|volume=110|issue=11|publisher=[[United States Government Publishing Office|U.S. Government Printing Office]]|page=14511|url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CRECB-1964-pt11/pdf/GPO-CRECB-1964-pt11-3-2.pdf|access-date=February 18, 2022}}</ref> and [[Civil Rights Act of 1968|1968]],<ref>{{cite journal|title=Senate – March 11, 1968|journal=[[Congressional Record]]|volume=114|issue=5|publisher=[[United States Government Publishing Office|U.S. Government Printing Office]]|page=5992|url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CRECB-1968-pt5/pdf/GPO-CRECB-1968-pt5-4-2.pdf|access-date=February 18, 2022}}</ref> as well as the [[Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution|24th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution]] and the [[Voting Rights Act of 1965]],<ref>{{cite journal|title=Senate – March 27, 1962|journal=[[Congressional Record]]|volume=108|issue=4|publisher=[[United States Government Publishing Office|U.S. Government Printing Office]]|page=5105|url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CRECB-1962-pt4/pdf/GPO-CRECB-1962-pt4-9-1.pdf|access-date=February 18, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Senate – May 26, 1965|journal=[[Congressional Record]]|volume=111|issue=2|publisher=[[United States Government Publishing Office|U.S. Government Printing Office]]|page=11752|url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CRECB-1965-pt9/pdf/GPO-CRECB-1965-pt9-2-2.pdf|access-date=February 18, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Senate – August 4, 1965|journal=[[Congressional Record]]|volume=111|issue=14|publisher=[[United States Government Publishing Office|U.S. Government Printing Office]]|page=19378|url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CRECB-1965-pt14/pdf/GPO-CRECB-1965-pt14-6-1.pdf|access-date=February 18, 2022}}</ref> and the [[Thurgood Marshall Supreme Court nomination|confirmation]] of [[Thurgood Marshall]] to the [[Supreme Court of the United States|U.S. Supreme Court]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=Senate – August 30, 1967|journal=[[Congressional Record]]|volume=113|issue=18|publisher=[[United States Government Publishing Office|U.S. Government Printing Office]]|page=24656|url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CRECB-1967-pt18/pdf/GPO-CRECB-1967-pt18-7-2.pdf|access-date=February 5, 2022}}</ref> He won election as Senate Minority Whip in January 1969 and was elevated to Senate Minority Leader after [[Everett Dirksen]]'s death later that year. As the Republican leader in the Senate, Scott urged President [[Richard Nixon]] to resign in the aftermath of the [[Watergate Scandal]]. Scott declined to seek another term in 1976 and retired in 1977.

==Early life and education==
The son of Hugh Doggett and Jane Lee (née Lewis) Scott,<ref name=biography>{{cite book|title=The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography|year=1960|publisher=James T. White & Company|location=New York}}</ref> Hugh Doggett Scott was born on an estate in [[Fredericksburg, Virginia|Fredericksburg]], [[Virginia]], that was once owned by [[George Washington]].<ref name=nytimes>{{cite news|date=July 23, 1994|work=[[The New York Times]]|title=Senator Hugh Scott, 93, Dies; Former Leader of Republicans|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/07/23/obituaries/senator-hugh-scott-93-dies-former-leader-of-republicans.html|last=Binder|first=David}}</ref> His grandfather served in the [[Confederate States Army|Confederate Army]] during the [[American Civil War|Civil War]] under General [[John Hunt Morgan]], and his great-grandmother was the niece of [[President of the United States|President]] [[Zachary Taylor]].<ref name=beers>{{cite book|title=Pennsylvania Politics Today and Yesterday: The Tolerable Accommodation|last=Beers|first=Paul B.|year=1980|publisher=Pennsylvania State University Press}}</ref> After attending public schools in Fredericksburg, he studied at [[Randolph–Macon College]] in [[Ashland, Virginia|Ashland]], Virginia, from which he graduated in 1919.<ref name=congress>{{cite news|work=[[Biographical Directory of the United States Congress]]|title=SCOTT, Hugh Doggett, Jr., (1900 - 1994)|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=s000174}}</ref> He enrolled in the Student [[Reserve Officers Training Corps]] and the Students' Army Training Corps during [[World War I]].<ref name=congress/>

In 1922, Scott earned his law degree from the [[University of Virginia School of Law]] at [[Charlottesville, Virginia|Charlottesville]], where he was a member of the [[Jefferson Literary and Debating Society]] and the [[Alpha Chi Rho]] fraternity.<ref name=biography/> His interest in politics was established after he frequently attended committee hearings in the [[Virginia House of Delegates]].<ref name=inquirer>{{cite news|date=July 23, 1994|work=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]|title=Hugh Scott, A Giant In Pa. And Congress, Dies At 93|last=Coakley|first=Michael B.|url=http://articles.philly.com/1994-07-23/news/25843743_1_pennsylvania-senator-big-industrial-state-sixth-district|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112201236/http://articles.philly.com/1994-07-23/news/25843743_1_pennsylvania-senator-big-industrial-state-sixth-district|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 12, 2012}}</ref>

==Early political career==
Scott was admitted to the bar in 1922 and then moved to [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]], where he joined his uncle's law firm.<ref name=beers/> Two years later, he married Marian Huntington Chase to whom he remained married until her death in 1987. The couple had one daughter, Marian.<ref name=nytimes/>

Scott, who had become a regular worker for the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]], was appointed assistant [[district attorney]] of Philadelphia in 1926<ref name=beers/> and served in that position until 1941. He claimed to have prosecuted more than 20,000 cases during his tenure.<ref name=inquirer/> From 1938 to 1940, he served as a member of the Governor's Commission on Reform of the Magistrates System.<ref name=congress/>

==United States House of Representatives==
In 1940, after longtime Republican incumbent [[George P. Darrow]] decided to retire, Scott was elected to the [[U.S. House of Representatives]] from [[Pennsylvania's 7th congressional district]].<ref name=congress/> The district was then based in [[Northwest Philadelphia]].<ref name=inquirer/> He defeated [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] candidate [[Gilbert Cassidy]] by a margin of 3,362 votes.<ref name=election>{{cite news|work=[[Clerk of the United States House of Representatives]]|title=Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 5, 1940|url=http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1940election.pdf}}</ref> In 1942, he was re-elected to a second term after defeating Democrat [[Thomas Z. Minehart|Thomas Minehart]], a former member of the [[Philadelphia City Council]] and future [[Pennsylvania Treasurer]]; Scott received nearly 56% of the vote.<ref name=results>{{cite news|work=[[Clerk of the United States House of Representatives]]|title=Statistics of the Congressional Election of 1942|url=http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1942election.pdf}}</ref>

In 1943, he became a member of the Virginia [[Society of the Cincinnati]].  In 1944 Scott spoke out fearlessly in the House of Representatives accusing President Roosevelt of having dishonestly manipulated the country into war by:  a) moving the U.S. battleship fleet from San Diego to Pearl Harbor over the objection of Admiral Richardson (whom Roosevelt then fired) in order to give Japan a target it could reach; b) refusing to give Admiral Kimmel at Pearl Harbor (Richardson's replacement) enough PBY Catalina reconnaissance planes to scout the area around the Hawaiian Islands; and c) by withholding from Admiral Kimmel a message received by the U.S. government from the Australian government on the day before the Pearl Harbor attack that the Japanese fleet was steaming toward Pearl Harbor.  In 1944, Scott was defeated for re-election by Democrat [[Herbert J. McGlinchey|Herb McGlinchey]], losing by only 2,329 votes.<ref name=result>{{cite news|work=[[Clerk of the United States House of Representatives]]|title=Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 7, 1944|url=http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1944election.pdf}}</ref>

Scott joined the [[United States Navy Reserve]] in 1940.  He served during [[World War II]], and was posted to both [[Iceland]] with the [[United States Fleet Forces Command|Atlantic Fleet]] and the USS ''[[USS New Mexico (BB-40)|New Mexico]]'' with the [[United States Pacific Fleet]].  He was among US forces that entered Japan on the first day of post-war occupation, and was discharged with the rank of [[commander (United States)|commander]].<ref name=congress/>

In 1946, Scott reclaimed his House seat, handily defeating McGlinchey by a margin of more than 23,000 vote by speaking out against both President [[Franklin Roosevelt]]'s "betrayal at [[Yalta Conference|Yalta]]" and [[communists]] in [[Washington, DC]].<ref name=inquirer/><ref name=elections>{{cite news|work=[[Clerk of the United States House of Representatives]]|title=Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 5, 1946|url=http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1946election.pdf}}</ref> He was reelected five times, and served until winning election to the U.S. Senate.

During his tenure in the House, Scott established himself as a strong [[internationalism (politics)|internationalist]] by voting in favor of  foreign aid to both [[Greece]] and [[Turkey]] and the [[Marshall Plan]].<ref name=beers/> He also earned a reputation as a [[Rockefeller Republican|moderate Republican]] by supporting [[public housing in the United States|public housing]], [[rent control]], and the abolition of the [[poll tax (United States)|poll tax]] as well as other legislation sought by the [[Civil Rights Movement]].<ref name=beers/> From 1948 to 1949,<ref name=LAtimes>{{cite news|title=Dewey Forces Lose Battle for Republican Leadership|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/420333241.html?dids=420333241:420333241&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Aug+05%2C+1949&author=&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&desc=Dewey+Forces+Lose+Battle+for+Republican+Leadership&pqatl=google|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130131212833/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/420333241.html?dids=420333241:420333241&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Aug+05,+1949&author=&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&desc=Dewey+Forces+Lose+Battle+for+Republican+Leadership&pqatl=google|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 31, 2013|access-date=January 19, 2012|newspaper=The Los Angeles Times|date=August 5, 1949}}</ref> he served as chairman of the [[Republican National Committee]]; he received the position after helping New York Governor [[Thomas E. Dewey]] obtain the Republican nomination in the [[1948 United States presidential election|1948 presidential election]].<ref name=nytimes/> Facing staunch opposition from Ohio Senator [[Robert A. Taft]], Scott barely survived a no-confidence ballot but still resigned as RNC chairman.<ref name=inquirer/> He later served as campaign chairman for [[Dwight Eisenhower]] during the [[1952 United States presidential election|1952 presidential election]].<ref name=inquirer/>

==United States Senate==
[[File:President Gerald R. Ford, Secretary of the Interior Thomas Kleppe, Representative Richard Schulze, Governor Milton Shapp, Senator Hugh Scott, Senator Richard Schweiker, Susan Ford, and Others at the Signing Cerem(...) - NARA - 45644217.jpg|thumb|right|Scott watches as [[President of the United States|President]] [[Gerald Ford]] signs ''H.R. 5621, Establishing Valley Forge State Park a National Historical Site'' on July 4, 1976.]]
In [[1958 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania|1958]], after fellow Republican [[Edward Martin (Pennsylvania politician)|Edward Martin]] declined to run for re-election, Scott was elected to the [[United States Senate]].<ref name=congress/> He narrowly defeated his Democratic opponent, Governor [[George M. Leader]], by a margin of 51% to 48%.<ref name=senate>{{cite news|work=[[Clerk of the United States House of Representatives]]|title=Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 4, 1958|url=http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1958election.pdf}}</ref> Scott continued his progressive voting record in the Senate by opposing President Eisenhower's veto of a housing bill in 1959 and a redevelopment bill in 1960.<ref name=siracusa>{{cite book|title=The Kennedy Years|last=Siracusa|first=Joseph M.|year=2004|publisher=Facts On File, Inc.|location=New York}}</ref> He voted to end segregationist Democratic senators' [[filibuster in the United States Senate|filibuster]] of the [[Civil Rights Act of 1960]], and he later sponsored 12 bills to implement the recommendations of the [[United States Commission on Civil Rights|Civil Rights Commission]].<ref name=siracusa/> A memorable quote from Scott came during the [[U-2 Incident]] in 1960, when he said, "We have violated the eleventh Commandment — Thou Shall Not Get Caught."<ref>[[Evan Thomas]], ''The Very Best Men, The Daring Early Years of the CIA.'', p. 219</ref>  In April 1962, he joined Senator [[Kenneth Keating]] of New York in denouncing a UN resolution condemning Israeli retaliation against Syrian gun positions firing on Israeli fishermen on Lake Tiberias. They criticized the action as a form of evenhandedness that "looks like the palm of the hand for the Arabs and the back of the hand for the Israelis."<ref>{{cite web |title=U.N. Security Council Adopts Resolutions Censuring Israel; France Abstains |url=http://pdfs.jta.org/1962/1962-04-10_070.pdf?_ga=2.87026204.500820185.1715478934-191137003.1715478932 |website=JTA.org |publisher=Jewish Telegraphic Agency |access-date=12 May 2024 |date=10 April 1962}}</ref>

In [[1962 Pennsylvania gubernatorial election|1962]], Scott threatened to run for [[list of Governors of Pennsylvania|Governor of Pennsylvania]] if the Republican Party did not nominate the moderate Representative [[William W. Scranton]] over the more conservative Judge [[Robert E. Woodside]], a former [[Pennsylvania Attorney General]].<ref name=siracusa/> He even supported Scranton as a more liberal alternative to conservative Senator [[Barry Goldwater]] for the Republican nomination in the [[1964 United States presidential election|1964 presidential election]].<ref name=beers/> Scott also faced re-election in [[1964 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania|1964]] and overcame the national landslide for Democratic President [[Lyndon Johnson]] to defeat the state Secretary of Internal Affairs, Democrat [[Genevieve Blatt]], by approximately 70,000 votes.<ref name=inquirer/>

Scott voted for the [[Civil Rights Act of 1964]], the [[Voting Rights Act of 1965]], and the [[Civil Rights Act of 1968]].<ref name=siracusa/> In 1966, along with two other Republican Senators and five Republican Representatives, Scott signed a telegram sent to Georgia Governor [[Carl Sanders]] on the Georgia legislature's refusal to seat the recently elected [[Julian Bond]] in its state House of Representatives. The refusal, said the telegram, was "a dangerous attack on representative government. None of us agree with Mr. Bond's views on the Vietnam War; in fact we strongly repudiate these views. But unless otherwise determined by a court of law, which the Georgia Legislature is not, he is entitled to express them."<ref>{{cite journal|title=Georgia House Dispute|journal=Congressional Quarterly|date=January 21, 1966|volume=24|issue= 3|page=255}}Cited in [http://www.aavw.org/protest/bond_election_abstract04.html ''African American Involvement in the Vietnam War'']</ref>

Scott supported New York Governor [[Nelson Rockefeller]] for the Republican nomination in the [[1968 United States presidential election|1968 presidential election]].<ref name=beers/> Scott was re-elected in [[United States Senate election in Pennsylvania, 1970|1970]], defeating Democratic [[Pennsylvania Senate|State Senator]] [[William Sesler]] by a margin of 51% to 45%. Scott served until January 3, 1977, and was elected [[Assistant party leaders of the United States Senate|Senate Minority Whip]] in January 1969.<ref name=congress/> On September 5 of that year, Scott was designated as acting minority leader to fill in for the ailing incumbent, [[Everett Dirksen]], who died two days later.<ref>{{cite news|url = https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1969/09/06/78393200.html?pageNumber=26|title = Senator Scott Designated As Acting Minority Leader|newspaper = [[The New York Times]]|agency = [[Associated Press]]|page = 26|date = September 6, 1969|accessdate = August 10, 2022|url-access = subscription}}</ref> On September 24, Scott was narrowly elected [[Party leaders of the United States Senate|Senate Minority Leader]] over Tennessee Senator [[Howard Baker]] (Dirksen's son-in-law), serving until 1977.<ref name=leader>{{cite news|work=[[United States Senate]]|title=Hugh Scott: A Featured Biography|url=https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/Featured_Bio_ScottHugh.htm}}</ref><ref name = Finney>{{cite news|url = https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1969/09/25/88865836.html?pageNumber=1|title = G.O.P. Names Scott as Leader, Griffin as Whip|last = Finney|first = John W.|newspaper = [[The New York Times]]|page = 1|date = September 25, 1969|accessdate = August 10, 2022|url-access = subscription}}</ref>

In 1967, Scott held a Fellowship at Balliol College, Oxford, where he contributed regularly to [[Alan Montefiore]]'s politics seminar for postgraduates. Once, when he and Montefiore started talking at the same time, Scott carried on speaking with the amiable excuse: "You can remember what you want to say longer than I can."<ref>Geoffrey Thomas, School of Philosophy, Birkbeck College, University of London, personal recollection</ref>

Scott was Chairman of the Select Committee on Secret and Confidential Documents ([[92nd United States Congress|92nd Congress]]). He wielded tremendous influence.{{citation needed|date=March 2014}}

Scott was displeased with the [[Presidency of Richard Nixon|Richard Nixon administration]] and believed that it was aloof, unapproachable, and contemptuous of him.<ref name="Bernstein 1976">Woodward and Bernstein, The Final Days at 186 (New York:  Avon Books 1976).</ref> Scott believed that he would be given a major role in setting administration policy but was disappointed when that did not occur.<ref name="Bernstein 1976"/>  Actively assisting in the behind-the-scenes transition from the Nixon administration to the [[Ford administration]] in the months leading up to the resignation of President [[Richard Nixon]], Scott sought assurance from [[Gerald Ford]] that Scott would be able to address Ford as "Jerry" even after Ford became president.<ref name="Bernstein 1976"/>

Scott was one of the three Republican leaders in Congress to meet Nixon in the [[Oval Office]] of the [[White House]] to tell Nixon that he had lost support of the party in Congress, on August 7, 1974. The meeting came the day before Nixon would announce [[Watergate scandal#Resignation|his resignation]] from the presidency. The delegation was led by senior party leader and Arizona Senator Goldwater and also included [[party leaders of the United States House of Representatives#List of party leaders and whips|House Minority Leader]] [[John Jacob Rhodes]] (R-Arizona). The erosion of Nixon's support had progressed after the June 1972 [[Watergate scandal#Wiretapping of the Democratic Party's headquarters|Watergate break-in]].<ref>[https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/Decoder/2014/0807/Richard-Nixon-s-resignation-the-day-before-a-moment-of-truth "Richard Nixon's resignation: the day before, a moment of truth"], ''[[The Christian Science Monitor]]'', August 7, 2014. Retrieved November 6, 2016.</ref> At that meeting, Scott and Goldwater told Nixon that, at most, 15 Senators were willing to consider voting to acquit him–not even half of the 34 votes Nixon needed to avoid conviction and removal from office.<ref name=Gloomy08081974NYT>{{cite news| title='Gloomy' Picture| last=Berbers| first=John| url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/08/08/archives/gloomy-picture-kissinger-remains-at-white-house-office-beyond.html| page=1| newspaper=The New York Times| date=August 8, 1974}}</ref>

In 1976, the Senate undertook an ethics inquiry into accusations that he had received payment from lobbyists for the Gulf Oil Corporation. Scott acknowledged having received $45,000 but claimed that they were legal campaign contributions.<ref name = Binder>{{cite news|last1=Binder|first1=David|title=Senator Hugh Scott, 93, Dies; Former Leader of Republicans|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/07/23/obituaries/senator-hugh-scott-93-dies-former-leader-of-republicans.html|access-date=October 8, 2014|work=The New York Times|date=July 23, 1994}}</ref>

He did not run for re-election in [[1976 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania|1976]] and was succeeded by Republican [[John Heinz]]. The same year, he chaired the Pennsylvania delegation to the [[1976 Republican National Convention|Republican National Convention]].

==Later life==
Scott was a resident of [[Washington, D.C.]], and then [[Falls Church, Virginia]], until his death there in 1994. He is buried at [[Arlington National Cemetery]]. His papers are held at the [[Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library]] at the [[University of Virginia]].

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
* Kotlowski, Dean J. "Unhappily Yoked? Hugh Scott and Richard Nixon." ''Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography'' 2001 125(3): 233–266. ISSN 0031-4587 [http://dpubs.libraries.psu.edu/DPubS?service=Repository&version=1.0&verb=Disseminate&view=body&content-type=pdf_1&handle=psu.pmhb/1204735945# online]{{Dead link|date=January 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
** Abstract: While their different public personas, political interests, and institutional duties led to occasional disagreement, President [[Richard Nixon]] and Senate Minority Leader Scott were not always unhappily tethered as evidenced by their stances on domestic and foreign issues throughout Nixon's presidency, during 1968–74. While he jousted with Nixon over racial policies and his Supreme Court nominations, including his choice of Judge [[Clement Haynsworth|Clement F. Haynsworth Jr.]], of [[South Carolina]], Scott supported much of Nixon's domestic agenda, applauded the president's conduct of foreign affairs, backed his [[Vietnam]] policy, praised his invasion of [[Cambodia]], publicly proclaimed Nixon's innocence during the [[Watergate]] scandal, and endorsed President [[Gerald Ford]]'s pardon of his predecessor. The Nixon-Scott relationship is notable because it confirms scholars' assumptions about Nixon's hot-and-cold association with Congress and indicates that sparring between moderate Republicans like Nixon and Scott was on its way out.

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{CongBio|S000174}}
* [http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/scott4.html The Political Graveyard]
* [https://ancexplorer.army.mil/publicwmv/#/arlington-national/search/results/1/CgVzY290dBIEaHVnaA--/ Arlington National Cemetery]
* {{Internet Archive film clip|id=gov.archives.arc.95780|description="Longines Chronoscope with Rep. Hugh D. Scott Jr.(September 1, 1952)"}}
* {{Internet Archive film clip|id=gov.archives.arc.95719|description="Longines Chronoscope with Rep. Hugh D. Scott Jr. (December 14, 1951)"}}
*{{C-SPAN|24716}}

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{{s-par|us-hs}}
{{s-bef|before=[[George P. Darrow]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member of the [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]]<br />from [[Pennsylvania's 7th congressional district]]|years=1941–1945}}
{{s-aft|after=[[James Wolfenden]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Herbert J. McGlinchey]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member of the [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]]<br />from [[Pennsylvania's 6th congressional district]]|years=1947–1959}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Herman Toll]]}}
|-
{{s-ppo}}
{{s-bef|before=[[B. Carroll Reece]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Chair of the [[Republican National Committee]]|years=1948–1949}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Guy Gabrielson]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Edward Martin (Pennsylvania politician)|Edward Martin]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] nominee for [[List of United States Senators from Pennsylvania|U.S. Senator]] from [[Pennsylvania]]<br />([[Classes of United States Senators|Class 1]])|years=[[1958 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania|1958]], [[1964 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania|1964]], [[1970 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania|1970]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[H. John Heinz III|John Heinz]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Everett Dirksen]]<br>[[Gerald Ford]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Response to the State of the Union address]]|years=1968|alongside=[[Howard Baker]], [[George H. W. Bush]], [[Peter H. Dominick|Peter Dominick]], [[Gerald Ford]], [[Robert P. Griffin|Robert Griffin]], [[Thomas Kuchel]], [[Melvin Laird|Mel Laird]], [[Bob Mathias]], [[George Murphy]], [[Richard Harding Poff|Dick Poff]], [[Charles H. Percy|Chuck Percy]], [[Al Quie]], [[Charlotte Thompson Reid|Charlotte Reid]], [[William A. Steiger|Bill Steiger]], [[John Tower]]}}
{{s-vac|next=[[Donald M. Fraser|Donald Fraser]], [[Henry M. Jackson|Scoop Jackson]], [[Mike Mansfield]], [[John William McCormack|John McCormack]], [[Patsy Mink]], [[Edmund Muskie|Ed Muskie]], [[William Proxmire|Bill Proxmire]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Thomas Kuchel]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Party leaders of the United States Senate|Senate Republican Whip]]|years=1969}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Robert P. Griffin|Robert Griffin]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Everett Dirksen]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Party leaders of the United States Senate|Senate Republican Leader]]|years=1969–1977}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Howard Baker]]}}
|-
{{s-par|us-sen}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Edward Martin (Pennsylvania politician)|Edward Martin]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of United States Senators from Pennsylvania|U.S. Senator (Class 1) from Pennsylvania]]|years=1959–1977|alongside=[[Joseph S. Clark|Joe Clark]], [[Richard Schweiker]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[H. John Heinz III|John Heinz]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Thomas Kuchel]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Party leaders of the United States Senate|Senate Minority Whip]]|years=1969}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Robert P. Griffin|Robert Griffin]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Everett Dirksen]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Party leaders of the United States Senate|Senate Minority Leader]]|years=1969–1977}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Howard Baker]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Republican Party}}
{{USSenPA}}
{{USSenMinLead}}
{{USSenRepLead}}
{{USSenMinWhips}}
{{USSenRepWhip}}
{{USCongRep-start|congresses= 77th–78th & 80th–94th [[United States Congress]]es |state=[[United States congressional delegations from Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania]]}}
{{USCongRep/PA/77}}
{{USCongRep/PA/78}}
{{USCongRep/PA/80}}
{{USCongRep/PA/81}}
{{USCongRep/PA/82}}
{{USCongRep/PA/83}}
{{USCongRep/PA/84}}
{{USCongRep/PA/85}}
{{USCongRep/PA/86}}
{{USCongRep/PA/87}}
{{USCongRep/PA/88}}
{{USCongRep/PA/89}}
{{USCongRep/PA/90}}
{{USCongRep/PA/91}}
{{USCongRep/PA/92}}
{{USCongRep/PA/93}}
{{USCongRep/PA/94}}
{{USCongRep-end}}
{{Portal bar|Biography|Virginia|Philadelphia|Pennsylvania|United States|Law|Politics|Liberalism}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Scott, Hugh}}
[[Category:1900 births]]
[[Category:1994 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century American lawyers]]
[[Category:United States Navy personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:Burials at Arlington National Cemetery]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Philadelphia]]
[[Category:Pennsylvania lawyers]]
[[Category:Politicians from Fredericksburg, Virginia]]
[[Category:Politicians from Philadelphia]]
[[Category:Randolph–Macon College alumni]]
[[Category:Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Republican Party United States senators from Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Republican National Committee chairs]]
[[Category:United States Navy officers]]
[[Category:University of Virginia School of Law alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century United States senators]]
[[Category:20th-century United States representatives]]