View source for Hungarian Academy of Sciences

{{Short description|Learned society of Hungary}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox organization
|name         = Hungarian Academy of Sciences
|native_name = Magyar Tudományos Akadémia
|native_name_lang = hu
|formerly = Magyar Tudós Társaság
|bgcolor      = <!-- header background color -->
|fgcolor      = <!-- header text color -->
|image        = Budapest, Magyar Tudományos Akadémia 24.jpeg
|image_border =
|size         = 280px
|alt          = <!-- alt text; see [[WP:ALT]] -->
|caption      = The seat of the academy on the bank of the Danube in Budapest
|map          = <!-- optional -->
|msize        = <!-- map size, optional, default 200px -->
|malt         = <!-- map alt text -->
|mcaption     = <!-- optional -->
|abbreviation = MTA
|motto        =
|formation    = {{Start date and age|1825|11|03|df=yes}}<ref>{{cite web|title=A Magyar Tudományos Akadémiáról |url=http://mta.hu/cikkek/akademiarol__22321 |access-date=24 February 2011 |publisher=Hungarian Academy of Sciences |language=hu |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101221170714/http://mta.hu/cikkek/akademiarol__22321 |archive-date=21 December 2010 }}</ref>
|extinction   = <!-- date of extinction, optional -->
|type         = [[National academy]]<!-- [[Governmental organization|GO]], [[Non-governmental organization|NGO]], [[Intergovernmental organization|IGO]], [[International nongovernmental organization|INGO]], etc -->
|status       = <!-- ad hoc, treaty, foundation, etc -->
|purpose      = <!-- focus as e.g. humanitarian, peacekeeping, etc -->
|headquarters = [[Budapest]], Hungary
|location     = Budapest, Arany János u. 1, 1051 Hungary
|region_served = Hungary
|language     = <!-- official languages -->
|leader_title = President<!-- position title for the leader of the org -->
|leader_name  = [[Tamás Freund]]<!-- name of leader -->
|main_organ   = <!-- gral. assembly, board of directors, etc -->
|parent_organization = <!-- if one -->
|affiliations = <!-- if any -->
|membership   = 1,363<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mta.hu/members_of_has/?tag_kereso_sbmt=1&Name=&NameMatchType=Contains&oszt=all&degree=all&expertiseAreaId=all&expertiseArea=&WorkplaceName=&country=all&Status=All&search=Search%21 |title=MTA – Members of MTA |publisher=Hungarian Academy of Sciences |access-date=11 November 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150608185000/http://mta.hu/members_of_has/?tag_kereso_sbmt=1&Name=&NameMatchType=Contains&oszt=all&degree=all&expertiseAreaId=all&expertiseArea=&WorkplaceName=&country=all&Status=All&search=Search%21 |archive-date=8 June 2015 }}</ref>
|membership_year = 2014
|num_volunteers =
|budget       =
|website      = {{URL|mta.hu/english/}}
|remarks      =
| coordinates     = {{WikidataCoord|display=it}} 
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 16
| mapframe-wikidata = yes
| mapframe-marker = school
}}

The '''Hungarian Academy of Sciences''' ({{langx|hu|Magyar Tudományos Akadémia}} {{IPA|hu|ˈmɒɟɒr ˈtudomaːɲoʃ ˈɒkɒdeːmijɒ|}}, '''MTA''') is Hungary’s foremost and most prestigious [[learned society]]. Its headquarters are located along the banks of the [[Danube]] in [[Budapest]], between Széchenyi rakpart and [[Akadémia utca]]. The Academy's primary functions include the advancement of [[scientific knowledge]], the [[Dissemination of science|dissemination]] of research findings, the support of research and development, and the representation of [[science in Hungary]] both domestically and around the world.

==History==
The origins of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences date back to 1825, when Count [[István Széchenyi]] offered one year's income from his estate to establish a ''Learned Society''. He made this offer during a session of the [[Diet (assembly)|Diet]] in [[Pressburg]] (Pozsony, now Bratislava), then the seat of the [[Hungarian Parliament]]. Inspired by his gesture, other delegates soon followed suit. The Society’s mission was defined as the development of the [[Hungarian language]] and the promotion of sciences and the arts in the Hungarian language. It was officially named the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in 1845. The Academy's central building, designed in the [[Renaissance Revival architecture]] by architect [[Friedrich August Stüler]], was inaugurated in 1865.

==Sections==
[[File:Laszlo Lovasz mg 1858.jpg|thumb|300px|[[László Lovász]], the president of the academy till 2020. Previously he served as the president of [[International Mathematical Union]].]]
[[File:Szechenyi felajanlasa litografia.jpg|thumb|300px|Count [[István Széchenyi]] offers one year's income of his estate for the purposes of a learned society.]]
Within the Academy, scientific sections are organized according to individual disciplines or closely related fields. Each section monitors, promotes, and evaluates scientific activities within its domain. It provides expert opinions on scientific matters, science policy, and research organization. Additionally, the sections assess the work of the Academy’s research institutes, university departments, and other affiliated research units. They also play a key role in the process of awarding the ''Doctor of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences'' ([[D.Sc.]]) degree, Hungary’s post-[[Ph.D.]] academic qualification.

Today, the Academy is composed of eleven main scientific sections: <ref>{{cite web |url=http://mta.hu/articles/scientific-sections-105101 |title=Scientific Sections |publisher=Hungarian Academy of Sciences |access-date=11 November 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103040017/http://mta.hu/articles/scientific-sections-105101 |archive-date=3 November 2014 }}</ref>
# Linguistics and Literary Scholarship
# Philosophy and Historical Sciences
# Mathematics
# Agricultural Sciences
# Medical Sciences
# Engineering Sciences
# Chemical Sciences
# Biological Sciences
# Economics and Law
# Earth Sciences
# Physical Sciences

==Research institutes until 2019==
* MTA Agricultural Research Centre<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mta.hu/articles/hass-research-institutes-105811 |publisher=Hungarian Academy of Sciences |title=MTA – Címlap – Angol – Cikkek – Angol |access-date=11 November 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031080547/http://mta.hu/articles/hass-research-institutes-105811 |archive-date=31 October 2014 }}</ref>
* [[Chemical Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences|MTA Chemical Research Center]]
* MTA Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences (involved with [[Konkoly Observatory]])
* [[Biological Research Centre|MTA Szeged Research Centre for Biology]]
* MTA Centre for Ecological Research
* MTA Research Centre for Economic and Regional Studies
* MTA Centre for Energy Research
* MTA Research Centre for the Humanities
* [[Research Institute for Linguistics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences|MTA Research Institute for Linguistics]]
* [[Alfréd Rényi Institute of Mathematics|MTA Rényi Institute of Mathematics]]
* MTA Institute of Experimental Medicine
* [[Chemical Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences|MTA Research Centre for Natural Sciences]]
* [[ATOMKI|MTA Institute of Nuclear Research]]
* MTA Wigner Research Centre for Physics
* MTA Centre for Social Sciences

==Presidents of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|Count [[József Teleki]] || 17 November 1830 – 15 February 1855
|-
|Count [[Emil Dessewffy]] || 17 April 1855 – 10 January 1866
|-
|Baron [[József Eötvös]] || 18 March 1866 – 2 February 1871
|-
|Baron [[Menyhért Lónyay]] || 17 May 1871 – 3 November 1884
|-
|Dr. [[Ágoston Trefort]] || 28 May 1885 – 22 August 1888
|-
|Baron [[Loránd Eötvös]] || 3 May 1889 – 5 October 1905
|-
|[[Albert Berzeviczy]] || 27 November 1905 – 22 March 1936
|-
|[[Archduke Joseph August of Austria|Archduke Joseph Habsburg]] || 22 March 1936 – October 1944
|-
|[[Gyula Kornis]] || 7 March 1945 – 29 October 1945
|-
|[[Gyula Moór]] || 29 October 1945 – 24 July 1946
|-
|[[Zoltán Kodály]] || 24 July 1946 – 29 November 1949
|-
|[[István Rusznyák]] || 29 November 1949 – 5 February 1970
|-
|[[Tibor Erdey-Grúz]] || 5 February 1970 – 16 August 1976
|-
|[[János Szentágothai]] || 26 October 1976 – 10 May 1985
|-
|[[Iván T. Berend]] || 10 May 1985 – 24 May 1990
|-
|[[Domokos Kosáry]] || 24 May 1990 – 9 May 1996
|-
|[[Ferenc Glatz]] || 9 May 1996 – 4 May 2002
|-
|[[Szilveszter Vizi]] || 5 May 2002 – 6 May 2008
|-
|[[József Pálinkás]] || 6 May 2008 – 5 May 2014
|-
|[[László Lovász]] || 6 May 2014 – 31 July 2020
|-
|[[Tamás Freund]] || 1 August 2020 – ''present''
|}

===Széchenyi Academy of Literature and Arts===
{{Main|Széchenyi Academy of Literature and Arts}}
The Széchenyi Academy of Literature and Arts ({{langx|hu|Széchenyi Irodalmi és Művészeti Akadémia}}) was created in 1992 as an academy associated yet independent from the MTA. Some of the known members are [[György Konrád]], [[Magda Szabó]],  [[Péter Nádas]] writers, [[Zoltán Kocsis]] pianist, [[Miklós Jancsó]], [[István Szabó]] film directors. The last president was [[Károly Makk]], film director, who succeeded László Dobszay (resigned on 20 April 2011<ref>[http://inforadio.hu/hir/belfold/hir-427878 Lemond a Széchenyi Irodalmi és Művészeti Akadémia két vezetője], MTI</ref>).

==See also==
* [[Open access in Hungary]]
*[[HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{official website}}
** [https://web.archive.org/web/20131112134358/http://mta.hu/articles/a-brief-history-104991 Brief history of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (in English)]
** [https://web.archive.org/web/20110813195614/http://mta.hu/cikkek/szechenyi-irodalmi-es-muveszeti-akademia-104911 homepage] of the Széchenyi Academy
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110703122533/http://oreganeniked.hu/container/news/1026mta_1256490984.jpg Picture of its central building] – [https://web.archive.org/web/20101128001311/http://mta.hu/fileadmin/images/photo_szekhaz_02_maxi.jpg additional picture]
* [http://real-eod.mtak.hu/350/ The palace of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences]

{{Budapest}}
{{International Science Council}}
{{Hungary articles}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Hungarian Academy of Sciences| ]]
[[Category:1825 establishments in the Austrian Empire]]
[[Category:19th-century establishments in Hungary]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Budapest|Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Culture of Hungary|Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Learned societies of Hungary|Academy of Sciencesea]]
[[Category:Members of the International Council for Science]]
[[Category:Members of the International Science Council]]
[[Category:National academies of arts and humanities|Hungaria]]
[[Category:National academies of sciences|Hungaria]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1825]]
[[Category:Scientific organizations established in 1825]]