View source for ISDB

{{Short description|Japanese standard for digital television and radio}}
{{About|the digital television standard|the development bank|Islamic Development Bank|other uses}}
{{More citations needed|date=May 2023}}
{{Digital video broadcast standards}}
{{Digital radio broadcast standards}}

'''Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting''' ('''ISDB'''; [[Japanese language|Japanese]]: {{nihongo2|統合デジタル放送サービス}}, ''Tōgō dejitaru hōsō sābisu'') is a Japanese broadcasting standard for [[digital television]] (DTV) and [[digital radio]].

ISDB supersedes both the [[NTSC-J]] analog television system and the previously used [[Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding|MUSE]] Hi-vision analog HDTV system in Japan. An improved version of ISDB-T ([[ISDB-T International]]) replaced the [[NTSC]], [[PAL-M]], and [[PAL#PAL-N_(Argentina,_Paraguay_and_Uruguay)|PAL-N]] broadcast standards in [[South America]] and the [[Philippines]]. [[Digital terrestrial television|Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting]] (DTTB) services using ISDB-T started in Japan in December 2003, and since then, many countries have adopted ISDB over other digital broadcasting standards.

A newer and "advanced" version of the ISDB standard (that will eventually allow up to 8K terrestrial broadcasts and 1080p mobile broadcasts via the [[Versatile Video Coding|VVC]] codec, including [[High-dynamic-range video|HDR]] and [[High frame rate|HFR]]) is currently under development.<ref>https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-R/terrestrial/broadcast/Americas/Documents/Presentations_Panama/ISDB-T.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref><ref>https://www.nhk.or.jp/strl/ibc2019/nhk_ibc2019_flyer.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=NEC Archives|url=https://setexperience.org.br/en/patrocinador/nec-en/|access-date=2021-10-26|website=Set Experience|language=en-US}}</ref>

==Countries and territories using ISDB-T==
{{See also|ISDB-T International}}
The following countries use the ISDB-T broadcast standard: neighbouring countries may also pick up ISDB-T signals due to [[signal overspill]].

===Asia===
* {{flagcountry|Japan}}
* {{flagcountry|Philippines}} (officially adopted ISDB-T, started broadcasting in digital)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.malaya.com.ph/aug24/busi5.html |title=Business Insight &#124; Business |website=[[Malaya (newspaper)|Malaya]] |access-date=2011-11-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327190438/http://www.malaya.com.ph/aug24/busi5.html |archive-date=2012-03-27 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dtvpilipinas.blogspot.com/2011/08/news5-interaksyon-were-turning-japanese.html|title = News5 InterAksyon: We're "turning Japanese" on digital TV platform|date = 23 August 2011}}</ref>
* {{flagcountry|Maldives}} (officially adopted ISDB-T)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.soumu.go.jp/menu_news/s-news/01tsushin08_01000009.html|script-title=ja:モルディブ共和国政府による同国国営放送の地デジ日本方式採用決定、日・モルディブ共同声明を公表|date=2011-10-19|publisher=[[Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications]]|location=Tokyo|language=ja|trans-title=Republic of Maldives decided to adopt ISDB-T, Japan-Maldives issued a joint statement|access-date=2011-10-19}}</ref><ref name="maldivesembassy.jp">{{Cite web |url=http://www.maldivesembassy.jp/cat_054/7707 |title=Maldives introduces the Japanese ISDB-T system at MNBC &#124; Maldives Embassy |access-date=2011-10-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111145929/http://www.maldivesembassy.jp/cat_054/7707 |archive-date=2012-01-11 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* {{flagcountry|Sri Lanka}} (officially adopted ISDB-T HD)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ft.lk/2014/07/03/sri-lanka-to-digitalise-tv-broadcasting |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-09-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140908155705/http://www.ft.lk/2014/07/03/sri-lanka-to-digitalise-tv-broadcasting/ |archive-date=2014-09-08 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.soumu.go.jp/main_sosiki/joho_tsusin/eng/Releases/Telecommunications/140520_04.html |title=Information and Communications Policy Site &#124; Press Release &#124; Comment of the Minister for Internal Affairs and Communications on Adoption of Japanese Terrestrial Digital TV Broadcasting System (ISDB-T) in the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka |access-date=2014-09-08 |archive-date=2017-10-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017223243/http://www.soumu.go.jp/main_sosiki/joho_tsusin/eng/Releases/Telecommunications/140520_04.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Americas===
* {{flagcountry|Brazil}} (officially adopted ISDB-T International, started broadcasting in digital)
* {{flagcountry|Argentina}} (officially adopted ISDB-T International, started broadcasting in digital)
* {{flagcountry|Uruguay}} (officially adopted ISDB-T International, started broadcasting in digital)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ttvmedianews.com/scripts/templates/estilo_nota.asp?nota=eng%2FTV+Abierta%2FTDT%2F2010%2F12%5Fdiciembre%2F28%5Furuguay%5Fse%5Fdecanta%5Fpor%5Fel%5Festandar%5Fisdbt|title=DTT: Uruguay Regains Common Sense|date=2010-12-28|publisher=ttv medianews|location=[[Montevideo]], [[Uruguay]]|access-date=2010-12-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717111720/http://www.ttvmedianews.com/scripts/templates/estilo_nota.asp?nota=eng%2FTV%2BAbierta%2FTDT%2F2010%2F12_diciembre%2F28_uruguay_se_decanta_por_el_estandar_isdbt|archive-date=2011-07-17|url-status=usurped}}</ref><ref>Gobierno se decidió por la norma japonesa</ref>
* {{flagcountry|Peru}} (officially adopted ISDB-T International, started broadcasting in digital)
* {{flagcountry|Chile}} (officially adopted ISDB-T International, started broadcasting in digital)
* {{flagcountry|Venezuela}} (officially adopted ISDB-T International, started broadcasting in digital)
* {{flagcountry|Ecuador}} (officially adopted ISDB-T International, started broadcasting in digital)
* {{flagcountry|Costa Rica}} (officially adopted ISDB-T International, started broadcasting in digital)<ref>{{cite news|title=Costa Rica held its first broadcast on DTT ISDB-Tb |url=http://www.panoramaaudiovisual.com/en/2012/03/21/Costa-Rica-makes-its-first-broadcast-on-DTT-under-tb-ISDB/ |publisher=Panorama Audiovisual |date=2012-03-21 |access-date=2012-03-22 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330132451/http://www.panoramaaudiovisual.com/en/2012/03/21/Costa-Rica-makes-its-first-broadcast-on-DTT-under-tb-ISDB/ |archive-date=2012-03-30 }}</ref>
* {{flagcountry|Paraguay}} (officially adopted ISDB-T International, started broadcasting in digital)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.presidencia.gov.py/v1/?p=25005 |title=Presidencia de la República del Paraguay |access-date=2010-06-01 |archive-date=2015-05-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150530141842/http://www.presidencia.gov.py/v1/?p=25005 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* {{flagcountry|Bolivia}} (officially adopted ISDB-T International, started broadcasting in digital)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.soumu.go.jp/menu_news/s-news/02tsushin08_02000008.html|script-title=ja:ボリビア多民族国における地上デジタルテレビ放送日本方式採用の決定|author =Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications|author-link =Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications|date=2010-07-05|location=Tokyo, Japan| language=ja|trans-title=The decision to adopt Japanese DTT system at Plurinational State of Bolivia| access-date=2010-07-07}}</ref><!--　<ref>http://noticias.terra.es/2010/economia/0705/actualidad/bolivia-adoptara-el-modelo-de-tv-digital-japones-brasileno-en-los-proximos-dos-anos.aspx {{Bare URL inline|date=May 2022}}</ref> --><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lostiempos.com/diario/actualidad/nacional/20100705/bolivia-adoptara-el-sistema-digital-de-tv-japones-brasileno-que-regira_78803_148904.html |title=Bolivia adoptará el sistema digital de TV japonés-brasileño que regirá desde el 2011 |access-date=2010-07-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929031046/http://www.lostiempos.com/diario/actualidad/nacional/20100705/bolivia-adoptara-el-sistema-digital-de-tv-japones-brasileno-que-regira_78803_148904.html |archive-date=2011-09-29 }}</ref>
* {{flagcountry|Nicaragua}} (officially adopted ISDB-T International, started pre-implementation stage)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://telesemana.com/noticias/detalle.php?id=4421l|title=Nicaragua opta por la noma brasileña-japonesa para TV digital|author=TeleSemana|date=2010-08-10|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716204652/http://telesemana.com/noticias/detalle.php?id=4421l|archive-date=2011-07-16}}</ref>
* {{flagcountry|Guatemala}} (officially adopted ISDB-T International, started pre-implementation stage, briefly experimented with [[ATSC]])
* {{flagcountry|Honduras}} (officially adopted ISDB-T International, briefly experimented with [[ATSC]], started broadcasting in digital)
* {{flagcountry|El Salvador}} (officially adopted ISDB-T international, started pre-implementation stage)
* {{flagcountry|Belize}} (currently assessing digital platform)
* {{flagcountry|Saint Kitts and Nevis}} (officially adopted ISDB-T international, started pre-implementation stage)

===Africa===
* {{flagcountry|Botswana}} (officially adopted [[ISDB-T International]] ([[SBTVD]]), started pre-implementation stage)<ref>{{cite news | title=Botswana adopts ISDB-T | url=http://www.dailynews.gov.bw/news-details.php?nid=1285 | newspaper=Botswana Daily News | publisher=Daily News | location=[[Gaborone]] | date=2013-02-27 | access-date=2013-03-18 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621011729/http://www.dailynews.gov.bw/news-details.php?nid=1285 | archive-date=2013-06-21 | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.soumu.go.jp/main_sosiki/joho_tsusin/eng/Releases/Telecommunications/130227_01.html |title=Decision of Adoption of Japanese System for Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting in the Republic of Botswana |date=2013-02-27 |publisher=[[Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications]] |location=Tokyo |access-date=2013-03-18 |archive-date=2013-06-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130623072917/http://www.soumu.go.jp/main_sosiki/joho_tsusin/eng/Releases/Telecommunications/130227_01.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.soumu.go.jp/menu_news/s-news/01tsushin08_02000012.html |script-title=ja:ボツワナ共和国における地上デジタルテレビ放送日本方式採用の決定-アフリカで初となる日本方式採用の決定 |date=2013-02-27 |publisher=[[Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications]], Japan
| location = Tokyo |language =ja |trans-title=Botswana decided to adopt Japanese DTT (ISDB-T) system, first ISDB-T adopt in African countries| access-date =2013-03-18}}</ref>

* {{flagcountry|Angola}} (In 2013, decided on European digital terrestrial TV. However, Angola reviewed the adoption to ISDB-T International system in March 2019.)<ref>{{cite web
 |url=http://www.soumu.go.jp/main_sosiki/joho_tsusin/eng/Releases/Telecommunications/19032_01.html
 |title=Adoption of Japanese Digital Terrestrial TV Broadcasting System (ISDB-T System) in the Republic of Angola
 |date=2019-05-25
 |website=[[Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications]]
 |access-date=2019-08-08
 |archive-date=2019-08-08
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808141131/http://www.soumu.go.jp/main_sosiki/joho_tsusin/eng/Releases/Telecommunications/19032_01.html
 |url-status=dead
 }}</ref>

==Introduction==
[[File:Digital broadcast standards.svg|thumb|500px|right|DTT broadcasting systems. Countries using ISDB are shown in green.]]

ISDB is maintained by the Japanese organization [[ARIB]]. The [[Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting#Standards|standards]] can be obtained for free at the Japanese organization [[DiBEG]] website and at ARIB.

The core standards of ISDB are [[Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting#ISDB-S|ISDB-S]] (satellite television), [[Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting#ISDB-T|ISDB-T]] (terrestrial), [[Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting#ISDB-C|ISDB-C]] (cable) and [[#2.6 GHz Mobile satellite digital audio/video broadcasting|2.6&nbsp;GHz band mobile broadcasting]] which are all based on [[MPEG-2]], [[MPEG-4]], or [[HEVC]] standard for multiplexing with transport stream structure and video and audio coding (MPEG-2, H.264, or HEVC) and are capable of [[Ultra-high-definition television|UHD]], high-definition television ([[High-definition television|HDTV]]) and standard-definition television. [[Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting#ISDB-T|ISDB-T]] and [[Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting#ISDB-Tsb|ISDB-Tsb]] are for mobile reception in TV bands. [[1seg]] is the name of an ISDB-T component that allows viewers to watch TV channels via [[cell phones]], [[laptop computers]], and [[vehicles]].

The concept was named for its similarity to [[Integrated Services Digital Network|ISDN]] as both allow multiple channels of data to be transmitted together (a process called multiplexing). This broadcast standard is also much like another [[digital radio]] system, [[Eureka 147]], which calls each group of stations on a transmitter an [[DAB ensemble|ensemble]]; this is very much like the multi-channel digital TV standard [[DVB-T]]. ISDB-T operates on unused TV channels, an approach that was taken by other countries for TV but never before for radio.

===Transmission===
The various flavors of ISDB differ mainly in the modulations used, due to the requirements of different frequency bands. The 12&nbsp;GHz band ISDB-S uses [[Phase-shift keying|PSK]] modulation, 2.6&nbsp;GHz band digital sound broadcasting uses [[Code division multiplexing|CDM]], and ISDB-T (in [[Very high frequency|VHF]] and/or [[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] band) uses [[Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing|COFDM]] with [[Phase-shift keying|PSK]]/[[Quadrature amplitude modulation|QAM]].

===Interaction===
Besides audio and video transmission, ISDB also defines data connections (Data broadcasting) with the internet as a return channel over several media ([[10/100]] Ethernet, telephone line modem, mobile phone, wireless LAN (IEEE 802.11), etc.) and with different protocols. This component is used, for example, for interactive interfaces like data broadcasting ([[ARIB STD-B24]]) and electronic program guides (EPG).

===Interfaces and Encryption===
The ISDB specification describes a lot of (network) interfaces, but most importantly, the Common Interface for Conditional Access System (CAS). While ISDB has examples of implementing various kinds of CAS systems, in Japan, a CAS system called "B-CAS" is used. ARIB STD-B25 defines the [[Common Scrambling Algorithm]] (CSA) system called [[MULTI2]] required for (de-)scrambling television.

The ISDB CAS system in Japan is operated by a company named ''[[B-CAS]]''; the CAS card is called ''B-CAS card''. The Japanese ISDB signal is always encrypted by the B-CAS system even if it is a free television program. That is why it is commonly called "Pay per view system without charge".{{Citation needed|date=September 2008}} An interface for mobile reception is under consideration.{{Citation needed|date=September 2008}}

ISDB supports RMP (Rights management and protection). Since all digital television (DTV) systems carry digital data content, a [[DVD]] or high-definition (HD) recorder could easily copy content losslessly.
[[Major film studios|US major film studios]] requested copy protection; this was the main reason for RMP being mandated. The content has three modes: "copy once", "copy free" and "copy never". In "copy once" mode, a program can be stored on a hard disk recorder, but cannot be further copied; only moved to another copy-protected media—and this move operation will mark the content "copy one generation", which is mandated to prevent further copying permanently. "Copy never" programs may only be [[Time shifting|timeshifted]] and cannot be permanently stored. In 2006,<ref name=":0" /> the Japanese government is evaluating using the [[Digital Transmission Content Protection]] (DTCP) "Encryption plus Non-Assertion" mechanism to allow making multiple copies of digital content between compliant devices.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://japan.cnet.com/article/20094312/|title=JEITA、地デジのコンテンツ保護策として暗号方式 EPN を提案|date=January 12, 2006|website=CNET Japan}}</ref>

==Receiver==
{{Update section|date=October 2025}}
There are two types of ISDB receiver: [[Television set|Television]] and [[set-top box]]. The aspect ratio of an ISDB-receiving television set is 16:9; televisions fulfilling these specs are called ''Hi-Vision TV''. There are four TV types: [[Cathode-ray tube]] (CRT), [[Plasma display|plasma display panel]] (PDP), [[OLED|organic light-emitting diode]] (OLED) and [[liquid crystal display]] (LCD), with LCD being the most popular ''Hi-Vision TV'' on the Japanese market nowadays.

The LCD share, as measured by [[JEITA]] in November 2004, was about 60%. While PDP sets occupy the high-end market with units that are over 50&nbsp;inches (1270&nbsp;mm), PDP and CRT set shares are about 20% each. CRT sets are considered low end for Hi-Vision. An STB is sometimes referred to as a digital tuner.{{citation needed|date=December 2011}}

Typical middle to high-end ISDB receivers marketed in Japan have several interfaces:

* [[F connector]]s for RF input.
* [[HDMI]] or [[D4 video connector|D4 connector]] for an [[High-definition television|HDTV]] monitor in a [[home cinema]].
* [[TOSLINK|Optical digital audio interface]] for an audio amplifier and speakers for [[Surround sound|5.1 surround audio]] in a home cinema.
* [[FireWire|IEEE 1394]] (aka FireWire) interface for digital data recorders (like [[DVD]] recorders) in a home cinema.
* [[RCA jack|RCA video jack]] provides [[SDTV]] signal that is sampled down from the HDTV signal for analog CRT television sets or [[VCR]]s.
* [[RCA jack|RCA audio jacks]] provide [[stereophonic sound|stereo audio]] for analog CRT television sets or [[VCR]]s.
* [[S-Video|S video]] is for [[VCR]]s or analog CRT television sets.
* [[10/100]] and modular jack telephone line [[Modem#Narrowband|modem]] interfaces are for an internet connection.
* B-CAS card interface to de-scramble.
* [[Infrared#Applications|IR]] interface jack for controlling a VHS or DVD player.

==Services==
A typical Japanese broadcast service consists as follows:
# One HDTV or up to three SDTV services within one channel.
# Provides [[interactive television]] through [[datacasting]].
# Interactive services such as games or shopping, via telephone line or broadband internet.
# Equipped with an [[electronic program guide]].
# Ability to send firmware patches for the TV/tuner over the air.
# During emergencies, the service utilizes [[Emergency Warning Broadcast system]] to quickly inform the public of various threats for the areas at risk.

There are examples providing more than 10 SDTV services with H.264 coding in some countries.

==ISDB-S==

===History===
Japan started digital broadcasting using the DVB-S standard by PerfecTV in October/1996, and [[DirecTV]] in December/1997, with communication satellites. Still, DVB-S did not satisfy the requirements of Japanese broadcasters, such as [[NHK]], key commercial broadcasting stations like [[Nippon Television]], [[Tokyo Broadcasting System|TBS]], [[Fuji Television]], [[TV Asahi]], [[TV Tokyo]], and [[WOWOW]] (Movie-only Pay-TV broadcasting). Consequently, [[ARIB]] developed a new broadcast standard called ISDB-S. The requirements were HDTV capability, interactive services, network access and effective frequency utilization, and other technical requirements. The DVB-S standard allows the transmission of a bitstream of roughly 34&nbsp;Mbit/s with a satellite transponder, which means the transponder can send one HDTV channel. Unfortunately, the NHK broadcasting satellite had only four vacant transponders, which led ARIB and NHK to work on ISDB-S: the new standard could transmit at 51&nbsp;Mbit/s with a single transponder, which means that ISDB-S is 1.5 times more efficient than DVB-S and that one transponder can transmit two HDTV channels, along with other independent audio and data. Digital satellite broadcasting (BS digital) was started by NHK and followed commercial broadcasting stations on 1 December 2000. Today, [[SKY PerfecTV!]] (the successor of Skyport TV and Sky D), CS burn, Platone, EP, DirecTV, J Sky B, and PerfecTV!, adopted the ISDB-S system for use on the 110-degree (east longitude) wide-band communication satellite.

===Technical specification===
This table shows the summary of ISDB-S (satellite digital broadcasting).

{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan=5 | Transmission channel coding !! Modulation 
| colspan=2 | TC8PSK, QPSK, BPSK (Hierarchical transmission)
|-
! rowspan=3 | Error correction coding 
| '''Inner coding'''
| Trellis [TC8PSK] and Convolution
|-
| '''Outer coding'''
| [[Reed–Solomon error correction|RS]] (204,188)
|-
| '''TMCC'''
| Convolution coding+RS
|-
! [[Time-division multiplexing|Time domain multiplexing]] 
| colspan=2 | TMCC
|-
| colspan=2 | Conditional Access || colspan=2 | Multi-2
|-
| colspan=2 | Data broadcasting || colspan=2 | ARIB STD-B24 (BML, ECMA script)
|-
| colspan=2 | Service information || colspan=2 | ARIB STD-B10
|-
| colspan=2 | Multiplexing || colspan=2 | [[MPEG-2]] Systems
|-
| colspan=2 | Audio coding || colspan=2 | MPEG-2 Audio ([[MPEG-2 AAC|AAC]])
|-
| colspan=2 | Video coding || colspan=2 | MPEG-2 Video
|}

===Channel===
Frequency and channel specification of Japanese Satellites using ISDB-S

{| class="wikitable"
! Method !! BS digital broadcasting !! Wide band CS digital broadcasting
|-
! Frequency band
| 11.7 to 12.2&nbsp;GHz || 12.2 to 12.75&nbsp;GHz
|-
! Transmission bit rate
| 51 Mbit/s (TC8PSK) || 40 Mbit/s (QPSK)
|-
! Transmission band width
| 34.5&nbsp;MHz* || 34.5&nbsp;MHz
|-
| colspan=3 | *Compatible with 27&nbsp;MHz band satellite transponder for analog FM broadcasting.
|}

===ISDB-S3===
ISDB-S3 is a satellite digital broadcasting specification supporting 4K, 8K, HDR, HFR, and 22.2 audio.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.arib.or.jp/english/std_tr/broadcasting/std-b63.html|title=About obtaining ARIB Standards (STD-B63)｜Association of Radio Industries and Businesses|website=www.arib.or.jp}}</ref>

==ISDB-C==
ISDB-C is a cable digital broadcasting specification. The technical specification J.83/C is developed by [[JCTEA]]. ISDB-C is identical to DVB-C but has a different channel bandwidth of 6&nbsp;MHz (instead of 8&nbsp;MHz) and roll-off factor.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dvb.org/news/dvb_c2-in-japan |title=News - DVB |access-date=2017-01-14 |archive-date=2017-01-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116174243/https://www.dvb.org/news/dvb_c2-in-japan |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==ISDB-T==

===History===
HDTV was invented at [[NHK Science & Technology Research Laboratories]] (Japan Broadcasting Corporation's Science & Technical Research Laboratories). The research for HDTV started as early as the 1960s, though a standard was proposed to the ITU-R (CCIR) only in 1973.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://digitalcollections.library.cmu.edu/portal/main.jsp?flag=browse&smd=1&awdid=3|title=ArchivalWare >>Login|website=digitalcollections.library.cmu.edu|access-date=2018-09-14}}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

By the 1980s, a high definition television camera, cathode-ray tube, videotape recorder, and editing equipment, among others, had been developed. In 1982 NHK developed MUSE (Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding), the first HDTV video compression and transmission system. [[Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding|MUSE]] used digital video compression, but for transmission [[frequency modulation]] was used after a digital-to-analog converter converted the digital signal.

In 1987, NHK demonstrated MUSE in Washington D.C. as well as NAB. The demonstration made a great impression in the U.S., leading to the development of the [[ATSC Standards|ATSC]] terrestrial DTV system. Europe also developed a DTV system called [[DVB]]. Japan began R&D of a completely digital system in the 1980s that led to ISDB. Japan began terrestrial digital broadcasting, using ISDB-T standard by NHK and commercial broadcasting stations, on 1 December 2003.

===Features===
[[File:ISDB-T CH Seg Prog allocation.svg|thumb|250px|Treeview of ISDB-T, channels, Segments and arranging multiple program broadcasting.]]

ISDB-T is characterized by the following features:

* ISDB-T (Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting-Terrestrial) in Japan use [[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] 470&nbsp;MHz-710&nbsp;MHz, bandwidth of 240&nbsp;MHz, allocate 40 channels namely channels 13 to 52 (previously used also 710&nbsp;MHz-770&nbsp;MHz, 53 to 62, but this range was re-assigned to cell phones), each channel is 6&nbsp;MHz width (actually 5.572&nbsp;MHz effective bandwidth and 430&nbsp;kHz guard band between channels). These channels are called "physical channel(物理チャンネル)". For other countries, US channel table or European channel table are used.
* For channel tables with 6&nbsp;MHz width, ISDB-T single channel bandwidths 5.572&nbsp;MHz has number of carriers 5,617 with interval of 0.99206&nbsp;kHz. For 7&nbsp;MHz channel, channel bandwidth is 6.50&nbsp;MHz; for 8&nbsp;MHz 7.42&nbsp;MHz.
* ISDB-T allows to accommodate any combination of HDTV (roughly 8&nbsp;Mbit/s in H.264) and SDTV (roughly 2&nbsp;Mbit/s in H.264) within the given bitrate determined by the transmission parameters such as bandwidth, code-rate, guard interval, etc. Typically, among the 13 segments, the center segment is used for [[1seg]] with QPSK modulation and the remaining 12 segments for the HDTV or SDTV payloads for 64QAM modulation. The bitstream of the 12 segments are combined into one transport stream, within which any combination of programs can be carried based on the [[MPEG transport stream|MPEG-2 transport stream]] definition.
* ISDB-T transmits an [[High-definition television|HDTV]] channel and a mobile TV channel '''[[1seg]]''' within one channel. 1seg is a mobile terrestrial digital audio/video broadcasting service in Japan. Although 1seg is designed for mobile usage, reception is sometimes problematic in moving vehicles. Because of reception on high speed vehicle, [[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] transmission is shaded by buildings and hills frequently, but reported well receiving in [[Shinkansen]] as far as run in flat or rural area.
* ISDB-T provides interactive services with data broadcasting. Such as [[Electronic program guide|Electronic Program Guides]]. ISDB-T supports internet access as a [[return channel]] that works to support the data broadcasting. Internet access is also provided on mobile phones.
* ISDB-T provides [[single-frequency network|Single-Frequency Network]] (SFN) and [[on-channel repeater]] technology. SFN makes efficient utilization of the frequency resource (spectrum). For example, the Kanto area (greater Tokyo area including most part of Tokyo prefecture and some part of Chiba, Ibaragi, Tochigi, Saitama and Kanagawa prefecture) are covered with SFN with roughly 10 million population coverage.
* ISDB-T can be received indoors with a simple [[indoor antenna]].
* ISDB-T provides robustness to [[multipath interference]] ("ghosting"), [[Co-channel interference|co-channel analog television interference]], and [[electromagnetic interference]]s that come from motor vehicles and power lines in urban environments.
* ISDB-T is claimed to allow HDTV to be received on moving vehicles at over 100&nbsp;km/h; [[DVB-T]] can only receive [[SDTV]] on moving vehicles, and it is claimed that [[ATSC Standards|ATSC]] can not be received on moving vehicles at all (however, in early 2007 there were reports of successful reception of ATSC on laptops using USB tuners in moving vehicles).

===Adoption===
ISDB-T was adopted for commercial transmissions in Japan in December 2003. It currently comprises a market of about 100 million television sets. ISDB-T had 10 million subscribers by the end of April 2005. Along with the wide use of ISDB-T, the price of receivers is getting low. The price of ISDB-T STB in the lower end of the market is ¥19800 as of 19 April 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.watch.impress.co.jp/av/docs/20060330/uniden3.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070709074636/http://www.watch.impress.co.jp/av/docs/20060330/uniden3.htm|url-status=dead|title=uniden|archive-date=July 9, 2007}}</ref> By November 2007 only a few older, low-end STB models could be found in the Japanese market (average price U$180), showing a tendency towards replacement by mid to high-end equipment like PVRs and TV sets with inbuilt tuners. In November 2009, a retail chain [[Æon (company)|AEON]] introduced STB in 40 USD,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://av.watch.impress.co.jp/docs/news/20090904_313051.html|title=イオン、4,980円のピクセラ製地デジチューナを発売|date=4 September 2009}}</ref> followed by variety of low-cost tuners. The Dibeg web page confirms this tendency by showing low significance of the digital tuner STB market in Japan.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dibeg.org/news/news-5/news-e5.htm |title=News-e5 |access-date=2007-11-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071114023735/http://www.dibeg.org/news/news-5/news-e5.htm#dn068e |archive-date=2007-11-14 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

[[Brazil]], which used an [[broadcast television system|analogue TV system]] (PAL-M) that slightly differed from any other countries, has chosen ISDB-T as a base for its [[digital television|DTV]] format, calling it [[ISDB-Tb]] or ''internally'' [[SBTVD]] (''Sistema Brasileiro de Televisão Digital-Terrestre''). The Japanese DiBEG group incorporated the advancements made by Brazil -[[H.264|MPEG4]] video codec instead of ISDB-T's MPEG2 and a powerful interaction middleware called [[Ginga (SBTVD Middleware)|Ginga]]- and has renamed the standard to "[[ISDB-T International]]".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dibeg.org/techp/feature/features_of_isdb-t.htm |title=Features of ISDB-T |access-date=2009-08-30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090809234123/http://www.dibeg.org/techp/feature/features_of_isdb-t.htm |archive-date=2009-08-09 }}</ref> Other than Argentina, Brazil, Peru, Chile and Ecuador<ref name="blog.subtel.cl">{{cite web |url=http://blog.subtel.cl/wp/?p=105 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2009-09-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090922192948/http://blog.subtel.cl/wp/?p=105 |archive-date=2009-09-22 }}</ref> which have selected ISDB-Tb, there are other South American countries, mainly from [[Mercosur]], such as Venezuela,<ref>http://www.telesintese.ig.com.br/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=13284{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> that chose ISDB-Tb, which providing economies of scale and common market benefits from the regional South American manufacturing instead of importing ready-made STBs as is the case with the other standards. Also, it has been confirmed with extensive tests realized by Brazilian Association of Radio and Television Broadcasters (ABERT), Brazilian Television Engineering Society (SET) and [[Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie]] the insufficient quality for indoor reception presented by ATSC and, between DVB-T and ISDB-T, the latter presented superior performance in indoor reception and flexibility to access digital services and TV programs through non-mobile, mobile or portable receivers with impressive quality.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.set.com.br/artigos/nab.pps |title=Archived copy |access-date=2011-09-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928163814/http://www.set.com.br/artigos/nab.pps |archive-date=2011-09-28 }}</ref>

The ABERT–SET group in Brazil did system comparison tests of DTV under the supervision of the [[CPqD]] foundation. The comparison tests were done under the direction of a work group of SET and [[ABERT]]. The ABERT/SET group selected ISDB-T as the best choice in digital broadcasting modulation systems among ATSC, DVB-T and ISDB-T.{{citation needed|date=August 2012}} Another study found that ISDB-T and DVB-T performed similarly, and that both were outperformed by [[DVB-T2]].<ref>Julian Clover [http://www.broadbandtvnews.com/2010/11/02/dvb-t-far-superior-to-isdb-dvb-t2-beats-them-both/ ''DVB-T far superior to ISDB, DVB-T2 beats them both''], in ''broadbandtvnews'' November 2, 2010</ref>

ISDB-T was singled out as the most flexible of all for meeting the needs of mobility and portability. It is most efficient for mobile and portable reception. On June 29, 2006, Brazil announced ISDB-T-based SBTVD as the chosen standard for digital TV transmissions, to be fully implemented by 2016. By November 2007 (one month prior DTTV launch), a few suppliers started to announce zapper STBs of the new Nippon-Brazilian SBTVD-T standard, at that time without interactivity.

As in 2019, the implementation rollout in Brazil proceeded successfully, with terrestrial analog services (PAL-M) phased out in most of the country (for some less populated regions, analog signal shutdown was postponed to 2023).

====Adoption by country====
This lists the other countries who adopted the ISDB-T standard, chronologically arranged.

* On June 30, 2006, Brazil announced its decision to adopt ISDB-T as the digital terrestrial television standard, by means of presidential decree 5820/2006.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2004-2006/2006/decreto/d5820.htm |title=Decree nº 5.820/2006 |access-date=2022-07-13}}</ref>
* On April 23, 2009, Peru announced its decision to adopt ISDB-T as the digital terrestrial television standard. This decision was taken on the basis of the recommendations by the Multi-sectional Commission to assess the most appropriate standard for the country.
* On August 28, 2009, Argentina officially adopted the ISDB-T system<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.boletinoficial.gov.ar/DisplayPdf.aspx?s=01&f=20090828|title = Boletín Oficial de la República Argentina}}</ref> calling it internally SATVD-T (Sistema Argentino de Televisión – Terrestre).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.boletinoficial.gov.ar/DisplayPdf.aspx?f=20090901&s=01&pd=3&pa=4|title = Boletín Oficial de la República Argentina}}</ref>
* On September 14, 2009, Chile announced it was adopting the ISDB-T standard because it adapts better to the geographical makeup of the country, while allowing signal reception in cell phones, high-definition content delivery and a wider variety of channels.<ref name="blog.subtel.cl"/>
* On October 6, 2009, Venezuela officially adopted the ISDB-T standard.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mcti.gob.ve/Noticias/3673 |title=MCTI - Noticias &#124; Venezuela selecciona estándar japonés para Televisión Digital Terrestre |access-date=2010-06-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809112541/http://www.mcti.gob.ve/Noticias/3673 |archive-date=2011-08-09 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mcti.gob.ve/Noticias/3674 |title=MCTI - Noticias &#124; TV Digital en Venezuela integrará la región |access-date=2010-06-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809112636/http://www.mcti.gob.ve/Noticias/3674 |archive-date=2011-08-09 }}</ref>
* On March 26, 2010, Ecuador announced its decision to adopt ISDB-T standard. This decision was taken on the basis of the recommendations by the Superintendent of Telecommunications.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.elcomercio.com/noticiaEC.asp?id_noticia=342557&id_seccion=6|title=Ecuador adopta estándar japonés para televisión digital}}{{Dead link|date=March 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* On April 29, 2010, Costa Rica officially announced the adoption of ISDB-Tb standard based upon a commission in charge of analyzing which protocol to accept.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nacion.com/2010-05-25/AldeaGlobal/UltimaHora/AldeaGlobal2384283.aspx |title=Es oficial: Costa Rica adoptó formato japonés brasileño de televisión digital - ALDEAGLOBAL - la Nación |access-date=2011-12-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206222741/http://www.nacion.com/2010-05-25/AldeaGlobal/UltimaHora/AldeaGlobal2384283.aspx |archive-date=2012-02-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* On June 1, 2010, Paraguay officially adopted ISDB-T International, via a presidential decree #4483.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.presidencia.gov.py/v1/?p=25005 |title=Decreto presidencial 4483 de Paraguay |access-date=2010-06-01 |archive-date=2015-05-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150530141842/http://www.presidencia.gov.py/v1/?p=25005 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* On June 11, 2010, the Philippines ([[National Telecommunications Commission (Philippines)|NTC]]) officially adopted the ISDB-T standard.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ntc.gov.ph/laws/mc/MC%202010/MC%2002-06-2010%20Standard%20for%20Digital%20Terrestrial%20Television%20(DTT)%20Broadcast%20Service.pdf |title=NTC Philippines |access-date=2015-05-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151105221706/https://ntc.gov.ph/laws/mc/MC%202010/MC%2002-06-2010%20Standard%20for%20Digital%20Terrestrial%20Television%20(DTT)%20Broadcast%20Service.pdf/ |archive-date=2015-11-05 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* On July 6, 2010, Bolivia announced its decision to adopt ISDB-T standard as well.
* On December 27, 2010, the Uruguayan Government adopts the ISDB-T standard.,<ref>[http://www.presidencia.gub.uy/sci/noticias/2010/12/2010122707.htm Uruguayan government news (in spanish)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110318073241/http://www.presidencia.gub.uy/sci/noticias/2010/12/2010122707.htm |date=2011-03-18 }}</ref> voiding a previous 2007 decree which adopted the European DVB system.
* On November 15, 2011, the Maldivian Government adopts the ISDB-T standard.<ref name="maldivesembassy.jp"/> As the first country in the region that use European channel table and 1 channel bandwidth is 8&nbsp;MHz.
* On February 26, 2013, the [[Botswana]] government adopts the ISDB-T standard; as the first country within the [[Southern African Development Community|SADC]] region and even the first country within the continent of [[Africa]] as a whole.
* On September 12, 2013, Honduras adopted the ISDB-T standard.
* On May 20, 2014, [[Government of Sri Lanka]] officially announced its decision to adopt ISDB-T standard,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.soumu.go.jp/main_sosiki/joho_tsusin/eng/Releases/Telecommunications/140520_04.html |title=Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications Japan |access-date=2014-09-08 |archive-date=2017-10-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017223243/http://www.soumu.go.jp/main_sosiki/joho_tsusin/eng/Releases/Telecommunications/140520_04.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> and on September 7, 2014 Japanese Prime Minister [[Shinzō Abe|Shinzo Abe]] signed an agreement with Sri Lankan President [[Mahinda Rajapaksa|Mahinda Rajapakse]] for constructing infrastructure such as ISDB-T networks with a view to smooth conversion to ISDB-T, and cooperating in the field of content and developing human resources.
* On January 23, 2017, El Salvador adopted the ISDB-T standard.
* On March 20, 2019, Angola adopted the ISDB-T standard.

===Technical specification===
''' Segment structure '''

ARIB has developed a segment structure called [[Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing#BST-OFDM used in ISDB|BST-OFDM]] (see figure).
ISDB-T divides the frequency band of one channel into thirteen segments. The broadcaster can select which combination of segments to use; this choice of segment structure allows for service flexibility. For example, ISDB-T can transmit both [[LDTV]] and HDTV using one TV channel or change to 3 SDTV, a switch that can be performed at any time. ISDB-T can also change the modulation scheme at the same time.
<!--
{| border=2 style="font-weight:bold"
|- height="150"
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | s 13
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | s 11
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | s 9
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | s 7
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | s 5
| bgcolor="#ffffde" | s 3
| bgcolor="#ffffde" | s 1
| bgcolor="#ffffde" | s 2
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | s 4
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | s 6
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | s 8
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | s 10
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | s 12
|}
The most Japanese documents describes as below numbering and allocation. example, http://www.nhk.or.jp/strl/publica/dayori-new/jp/qa-0311.html (All rights reserved, reference only) -->
{| class="wikitable" style="font-weight:bold"
|- height="150"
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | s11
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | s 9
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | s 7
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | s 5
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | s 3
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | s 1
| bgcolor="#ffffde" | s 0
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | s 2
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | s 4
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | s 6
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | s 8
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | s10
| bgcolor="#ccffff" | s12
|}

The above figure shows the spectrum of 13 segments structure of ISDB-T.
<br />(''s0'' is generally used for [[1seg]], ''s1''-''s12'' are used for one [[HDTV]] or three [[SDTV]]s)

====Summary of ISDB-T====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan=5 | Transmission<br />channel coding
! Modulation
| colspan=2 | 64QAM-OFDM,<br />16QAM-OFDM,<br />QPSK-OFDM,<br />DQPSK-OFDM<br />(Hierarchical transmission)
|-
! Error correction coding
| | Data: <br /> Inner coding: Convolutional 7/8,5/6,3/4,2/3,1/2 <br />Outer coding: Reed-Solomon(204,188)
| | TMCC: <br /> Shortened code (184,102) <br /> of Difference Cyclic Code (273,191)
|-
! Guard interval
| colspan=2 | 1/32,1/16,1/8,1/4
|-
! Interleaving
| colspan=2 | Time, Frequency, bit, byte
|-
! Frequency domain multiplexing
| colspan=2 | BST-OFDM <br />(Segmented structure OFDM)
|-
! colspan=2 | Conditional Access
| colspan=2 | Multi-2
|-
! colspan=2 | Data broadcasting
| colspan=2 | ARIB STD-B24 (BML, ECMA script)
|-
! colspan=2 | Service information
| colspan=2 | ARIB STD-B10
|-
! colspan=2 | Multiplexing
| colspan=2 | MPEG-2 Systems
|-
! colspan=2 | Audio coding
| colspan=2 | MPEG-2 Audio (AAC)
|-
! colspan=2 | Video coding
| MPEG-2 Video
| MPEG-4 AVC /H.264*
|}

* H.264 Baseline profile is used in one segment ([[1seg]]) broadcasting for portables and Mobile phone.
* H.264 High-profile is used in ISDB-Tb to high definition broadcasts.

===Channel===
Specification of Japanese terrestrial digital broadcasting using ISDB-T.

{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Method
| Terrestrial digital broadcasting
|-
! Frequency band
| VHF/UHF, super high band
|-
! Transmission bit rate
| 23 Mbit/s(64QAM)
|-
! Transmission band width
| 5.6&nbsp;MHz*
|-
|}

===ISDB-Tsb===
ISDB-Tsb is the '''t'''errestrial digital '''s'''ound '''b'''roadcasting specification. The technical specification is the same as ISDB-T. ISDB-Tsb supports the [[COFDM|coded transmission of OFDM signals]].

===ISDB-Tmm===
ISDB-Tmm ('''T'''errestrial '''m'''obile '''m'''ulti-media) utilised suitable number of segments by station with video coding MPEG-4 AVC/H.264. With multiple channels, ISDB-Tmm served dedicated channels such as sport, movie, music channels and others with [[CD]] quality sound, allowing for better broadcast quality as compared to [[1seg]]. This service used the [[VHF]] band, 207.5–222&nbsp;MHz which began to be utilised after Japan's [[Digital television transition|switchover to digital television]] in July 2011.

Japan's [[Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications]] licensed to [[NTT Docomo]] subsidiary ''mmbi, Inc.'' for ISDB-Tmm method on September 9, 2010.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.fiercemobilecontent.com/story/japan-regulators-favor-isdb-tmm-not-mediaflo-mobile-tv/2010-09-08 | title = Japan regulators favor ISDB-Tmm, not MediaFLO, for mobile TV | date = 2010-09-08 | publisher = FierceWireless | access-date = 2010-09-12 | url-status = usurped | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100911073806/http://www.fiercemobilecontent.com/story/japan-regulators-favor-isdb-tmm-not-mediaflo-mobile-tv/2010-09-08 | archive-date = 2010-09-11 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url= http://mobile.engadget.com/2010/09/09/japan-chooses-isdb-tmm-over-mediaflo-for-new-mobile-tv-network/ | title= Japan chooses ISDB-Tmm over MediaFLO for new mobile TV network, KDDI pouts | date= 2010-09-09 | publisher= Engadget | access-date= 2010-09-12 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100911100943/http://mobile.engadget.com/2010/09/09/japan-chooses-isdb-tmm-over-mediaflo-for-new-mobile-tv-network/ | archive-date= 2010-09-11 | url-status= dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.soumu.go.jp/menu_news/s-news/01ryutsu07_01000005.html | title = 207.5 MHz以上222 MHz以下の周波数を使用する特定基地局の開設計画の認定|date=2010-09-09|publisher=[[Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications]] | location =Tokyo|language = ja |trans-title=The licence approval of the plan to use specific broadcasting station for 207.5–222 MHz band usage | access-date = 2010-09-12}}</ref> The [[MediaFLO]] method offered with [[KDDI]] was not licensed.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://k-tai.impress.co.jp/docs/news/20100910_393010.html | title = MediaFLO陣営、携帯次世代放送の認定結果に「極めて残念」|date=2010-09-10| publisher= Impress Watch | location = Tokyo| language = ja |trans-title="Too much disappointed" for approval of next generation mobile broadcasting — MediaFLO team | access-date =2010-09-12}}</ref>

The ISDB-Tmm broadcasting service by ''mmbi, Inc.'' is named モバキャス ([[pronunciation|pronounced]] ''mobakyasu''), literally short form of mobile casting on July 14, 2011, and had been branded as '''NOTTV''' since October 4, 2011. The [[Minister of Internal Affairs and Communications (Japan)|Minister of Internal Affairs and Communications]] approved the start of operations of ''NOTTV'' on October 13, 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://mmbi.co.jp/news/2011/10/04/0118.html |title = スマートフォン向け新放送局名称を「NOTTV（ノッティーヴィー）」に決定 |date = 2011-10-04 |publisher = [[:ja:mmbi|mmbi]] |location = Tokyo |language = ja |trans-title=Decided new broadsacsting station is named to be ''NOTTV'' for Smartphone |access-date = 2011-10-11 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111007064142/http://mmbi.co.jp/news/2011/10/04/0118.html |archive-date = 2011-10-07 }}</ref> Planning the service with monthly subscription fee of 420 [[Japanese yen|yen]] for south [[Kanto Plain]], [[Aichi Prefecture|Aichi]], [[Osaka Prefecture|Osaka]], [[Kyoto]] and some other prefectures from April 1, 2012. The deployment plan was to cover approximately 73% of [[household]]s by the end of 2012, approximately 91% by the end of 2014, and 125 stations or [[repeater]]s to be installed in 2016 to cover [[City|cities]] nationwide.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://plusd.itmedia.co.jp/mobile/articles/1107/14/news113.html | title = サービス名は「モバキャス」、mmbiがマルチメディア放送の具体像を説明 |date=2011-07-14|language=ja|trans-title=Service is named ''モバキャス'''''™''' (Mobakyasu), ''mmbi, Inc'' explained concrete form of multimedia broadcasting |access-date=2011-09-11}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | url = http://www.rapidtvnews.com/index.php/201012019131/multimedia-broadcasting-appointed-sole-operator-for-japanese-mobile-media.html | title = Japan appoints sole operator for mobile media | publisher = Rapid TV News | date = 2010-12-01 | access-date = 2010-12-05 | archive-date = 2017-12-01 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171201081111/http://www.rapidtvnews.com/index.php/201012019131/multimedia-broadcasting-appointed-sole-operator-for-japanese-mobile-media.html | url-status = dead }}.</ref> [[Android (operating system)|Android]] [[smartphone]]s and [[Tablet computer|tablets]] with ISDB-Tmm receiving capability were also sold mainly by [[NTT DoCoMo]], although a separate tuner (TV BoX manufactured by [[Huawei]]; or StationTV manufactured by [[Pixela Corporation|Pixela]]) could be purchased for [[iPhone]]s and [[iPad]]s as well as Android smartphones and tablets sold by [[Au (mobile phone company)|au by KDDI]] and [[SoftBank Mobile]] to receive ISDB-Tmm broadcasts.

Due to the continued unprofitability of NOTTV, ''mmbi, Inc.'' shut down the service on June 30, 2016.<ref>{{cite web |title=「テレビと呼ぶには、面白すぎる」NOTTV、4年超でサービス終了 |url=http://www.itmedia.co.jp/business/articles/1606/30/news153.html |website=ITmedia ビジネスオンライン |language=ja |date=June 30, 2016}}</ref>

==2.6&nbsp;GHz Mobile satellite digital audio/video broadcasting==
[[MobaHo!]] is the name of the services that uses the Mobile satellite digital audio broadcasting specifications. [[MobaHo!]] started its service on 20 October 2004. It ended on 31 March 2009

==Standards==
[[ARIB]] and [[JCTEA]] developed the following standards. Some part of standards are located on the pages of [[ITU-R]] and [[ITU-T]].

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:97%;"
|-
!Channel 
!Communication<br />Satellite television 
!Broadcasting<br />Communication<br />Satellite television
!Terrestrial television 
!Satellite Sound 
!Terrestrial Sound 
!Cable television
|-
! Nickname
| - || ISDB-S || ISDB-T || 2.6&nbsp;GHz mobile broadcasting || ISDB-Tsb || 64QAM, Trans-modulation (ISDB-C)
|-
! rowspan=2| Transmission
|DVB-S || ARIB STD-B20 || ARIB STD-B31 || ARIB STD-B41 || ARIB&nbsp;STD-B29 || -
|-
| - || ITU-R&nbsp;BO.1408 ||ITU-R&nbsp;BT.1306-1 || - || ITU-R&nbsp;BS.1114 || ITU-T J.83 Annex C, J.183
|-
! Receiver
| ARIB STD-B16 || colspan=2| ARIB STD-B21 || ARIB STD-B42 || ARIB STD-B30 || JCTEA STD-004, STD-007
|-
! Server type broadcasting
| - || colspan=4| ARIB STD-B38 || -
|-
! Conditional access
| - || colspan=4| ARIB STD-B25 (Multi-2) || JCTEA STD-001
|-
! Service information
| - || colspan=4| ARIB STD-B10 || JCTEA STD-003
|-
! Data broadcasting
| - || colspan=4| ARIB STD-B24 (BML), ARIB STD-B23 (EE or MHP like) || -
|-
! Video/Audio compression and multiplexing
| MPEG-2 || colspan=4| ARIB STD-B32 (MPEG) || -
|-
! Technical report
| - || ARIB TR-B13 || ARIB TR-B14 || - || - || -
|-
|}

==Table of terrestrial HDTV transmission systems==
{|class="wikitable"
|+ Table 1: Main characteristics of three DTTB systems
! Systems
! ATSC 8-VSB !! DVB COFDM !! ISDB BST-COFDM
|-
!colspan=4 align="left"|Source coding
|-
! Video
|colspan=3 align="center"|Main profile syntax of ISO/IEC 13818-2 (MPEG-2 – video)
|-
! Audio
| ATSC Standard A/52 (Dolby AC-3) || ISO/IEC 13818-2 (MPEG-2 &ndash; layer II audio) and Dolby AC-3 ||ISO/IEC 13818-7 (MPEG-2 &ndash; AAC audio)
|-
!colspan=4 align="left"|Transmission system
|-
!Channel coding
|colspan=3 align="center"|-
|-
! Outer coding
| R-S (207, 187, t = 10) ||colspan=2|R-S (204, 188, t = 8)
|-
! Outer interleaver
| 52 R-S block interleaver ||colspan=2|12 R-S block interleaver
|-
! Inner coding
| Rate 2/3 trellis code ||colspan=2|Punctured convolution code: Rate 1/2, 2/3,3/4, 5/6, 7/8 Constraint length = 7, Polynomials (octal) = 171, 133
|-
! Inner interleaver
| 12 to 1 trellis code interleaver || Bit-wise interleaving and frequency interleaving ||Bit-wise interleaving, frequency interleaving and selectable time interleaving
|-
! Data randomization
|colspan=3 align="center"|16-bit PRBS
|-
! Modulation
|8-VSB and 16-VSB 
|COFDM <br /> QPSK, 16QAM and 64QAM <br /> Hierarchical modulation: multi-resolution constellation (16QAM and 64 QAM) <br /> Guard interval: 1/32, 1/16, 1/8 & 1/4 of OFDM symbol <br /> 2 modes: 2k and 8k FFT 
|BST-COFDM with 13 frequency segments <br /> DQPSK, QPSK, 16QAM and 64QAM <br /> Hierarchical modulation: choice of three different modulations on each segment <br /> Guard interval: 1/32, 1/16, 1/8 & 1/4 of OFDM symbol <br /> 3 modes: 2k, 4k and 8k FFT
|}
{{Clear}}

==See also==
General category
* [[DiBEG]] – The Digital Broadcasting Experts Group
* [[Digital television]]
* [[Digital terrestrial television]]
* [[Digital radio]]
* [[Digital multimedia broadcasting]] (DMB)
* [[1seg]]
* [[B-CAS]]
* [[Datacasting]]
* [[standard-definition television|SDTV]], [[enhanced-definition television|EDTV]], [[high-definition television|HDTV]]
* [[ISDB-T International]] ([[SBTVD]]) – Brazilian Digital Television System based on ISDB-T
* [[Tokyo Skytree]] – ISDB-T broadcasting for [[Kanto Plain]]

Transmission technology
* [[ATSC standards]] – Advanced Television Systems Committee Standard
* [[DMB-T]] – Digital Multimedia Broadcast—Terrestrial
* [[DVB-T]] – Digital Video Broadcasting—Terrestrial
* [[MPEG]]
* [[Single-frequency network]] (SFN), [[multi-frequency network]] (MFN)

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* [http://www.dibeg.org/ ISDB-T Official Web Site!] Digital Broadcasting Experts Group (DiBEG)
<!--  Wrong and/or different site　* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150529154416/http://www.isdb-t.org/ ISDB-T International Web Site!]  -->
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050308180143/http://www.nhk.or.jp/strl/open99/de-2/shosai-e.html Outline of the Specification for ISDB][[NHK]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050307011608/http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/tech/digital-broadcasting/kiev/Presentations/saito/ITU%20Seminar%20ISDB-T%20001108.pdf The ISDB-T System][[International Telecommunication Union|ITU]] <!-- Link alived on archive　Wayback (link is down, 2012/10/28) -->
* [http://www.nhk.or.jp/strl/publica/bt/en/to0005-1.html Comparison Test Results in Brazil, Clear Superiority of the ISDB-T system] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020426050424/http://www.nhk.or.jp/strl/publica/bt/en/to0005-1.html|date=2002-04-26}} [[NHK]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090326214427/http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/pdf/3888-06-en.pdf Digital Television Laboratory and Field Test Results - Brazil][[International Telecommunication Union|ITU]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150122154744/http://www.tc.ait.ac.th/faculty/teerapat/Presentation/ISDB-T_presentation.pdf ISDB-T: Japanese Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting (DTTB)], (PDF) [[Asian Institute of Technology]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081202022555/http://www.mtc.gob.pe/portal/tdt/documentos.html#informe1 Final report of the Digital Terrestrial Television Peruvian Commission (In Spanish)]
* <!-- Newest archive in from 2009 to 2011: -->[https://web.archive.org/web/20110526020036/http://www.dibeg.org/world/world.htm Digital Broadcasting, the Launching by Country] Digital Broadcasting Experts Group (DiBEG)
* [http://www.nhk.or.jp/strl/publica/bt/en/pa0007.html ISDB-C – Cable Television Transmission for Digital Broadcasting in Japan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024171123/http://www.nhk.or.jp/strl/publica/bt/en/pa0007.html|date=2007-10-24}} [[NHK]]
* [http://www.nhk.or.jp/strl/publica/bt/en/pa0005.html ISDB-S – Satellite Transmission System for Advanced Multimedia Services Provided by Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071220184141/http://www.nhk.or.jp/strl/publica/bt/en/pa0005.html|date=2007-12-20}} [[NHK]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090618105318/http://www.dpa.or.jp/english/ The Association for Promotion of Digital Broadcasting (Dpa)]
* [http://www.nhk.or.jp/strl/publica/bt/en/pa0006.html ISDB-T – Digital Terrestrial Television/Sound/Data Broadcasting in Japan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021101052007/https://www.nhk.or.jp/strl/publica/bt/en/pa0006.html|date=2002-11-01}} [[NHK]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110323015803/http://www.gov-online.go.jp/eng/publicity/book/hlj/html/201009/201009_08.html Switching On to ISDB-T Digital] Highlighting Japan September 2010 (Public Relations Office Government of Japan)
* ISDB-Tmm
** [http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/asp/CMS/Events/2011/DigitalBroadcast-May2011/S3_Japan.pdf Introducing ISDB-Tmm mobile multimedia broadcasting system] – [[International Telecommunication Union|ITU]] (May 2010)
** [https://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-r/oth/0a/07/R0A0700003B0001PDFE.pdf Handbook on Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting Networks and Systems Implementation]: Edition of 2016 – [[ITU]] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119134027/https://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-r/oth/0a/07/R0A0700003B0001PDFE.PDF|date=2022-01-19}}
** [http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/asp/CMS/Events/2011/DigitalBroadcast-May2011/S5_MMBI_Japan.pdf Deployment of Mobile Multimedia Broadcasting based on ISDB-Tmm technology in Japan] – [[International Telecommunication Union|ITU]](May 23, 2011)
** [https://www.ntt-review.jp/archive/ntttechnical.php?contents=ntr201108fa9.html Feature Articles: Latest Trends of Multimedia Broadcasting Technologies for Mobile Terminals.]: Aug. 2011 '''Section 3:''' 3. Notices and standards related to ISDB-Tmm –[[Nippon Telegraph and Telephone|NTT]] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509114140/https://ntt-review.jp/archive/ntttechnical.php?contents=ntr201108fa9.html|date=/2021-05-09}}

{{Video formats}}
{{High-definition}}
{{Telecommunications}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Isdb}}
[[Category:ISDB| ]]
[[Category:Broadband]]
[[Category:Broadcast engineering]]
[[Category:Digital television]]
[[Category:High-definition television]]
[[Category:Radio broadcasting]]
[[Category:Mass media companies established in 1981]]
[[Category:Satellite television]]
[[Category:Television transmission standards]]
[[Category:Japanese inventions]]
[[Category:Standards of Japan]]
[[Category:Mass media companies of Japan]]
[[Category:1981 establishments in Japan]]
[[Category:2000 introductions]]
[[Category:2003 introductions]]