View source for Iloilo

{{About|the Philippine province|its independent capital city|Iloilo City|other uses}}
{{pp-move}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Philippine English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Iloilo
| official_name      = 
| settlement_type    = {{PH wikidata|settlement_type}}
| image_skyline      = {{multiple image
| border                   = infobox
| total_width              = 270 
| image_style              = border:1;
| perrow                   = 2/2/2/2
| image1 = Miagao Church (Iloilo-Antique Road, Miagao, Iloilo; 10-21-2022).jpg
| image2 = Islas de Gigantes.jpg
| image3 = Pinus ustulata forest, Bucari Pine Forest, Leon, Iloilo, Panay, Philippines.jpg
| image4 = San Joaquin Campo Santo.jpg
| image5 = Bantigue Island Sandbar.jpg
| image6 = Newly renovated Santa Barbara Church (cropped).jpg
| image7 = 
Mandurriao Iloilo City skyline 2025.jpg
| image8 = Gigantes Island.jpg
}}
| image_alt          = 
| image_caption      = Clockwise from top-left: [[Miag-ao Church]], [[Islas de Gigantes]], [[San Joaquin Campo Santo]], [[Santa Barbara Church, Santa Barbara, Iloilo|Santa Barbara Church]], [[Cabugao Island]], [[Mandurriao|Mandurriao skyline]], [[Bantigue Sandbar]], and [[Bucari]]
| image_flag         = Flag of the Province of Iloilo.svg
| flag_size          = 120x80px
| image_seal         = Iloilo Provincial Seal.png
| seal_size          = 80px
| image_shield       = 
| image_map          = {{PH wikidata|image_map}}
| map_caption        = Location in the Philippines
| coordinates        = {{PH wikidata|coordinates}}
| subdivision_type   = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name   = {{PH wikidata|country}}
| subdivision_type1  = [[Regions of the Philippines|Region]]
| subdivision_name1  = {{PH wikidata|region}}
| established_title  = [[Date of establishment|Founded]]
| established_date   = {{PH wikidata|founded}}
| seat_type          = Capital<br/>{{nobold|and largest city}}
| seat               = {{PH wikidata|seat}}
| government_type    = {{PH wikidata|government_type}}
| leader_party       = 
| leader_title       = [[Governor of Iloilo|Governor]]
| leader_name        = [[Arthur Defensor Jr.|Arthur R. Defensor Jr.]] ([[Uswag Ilonggo Party|Uswag]])
| leader_title1      = [[Vice Governor]]
| leader_name1       = Nathalie Ann F. Debuque ([[Partido Federal ng Pilipinas|PFP]])
| leader_title2      = Legislature
| leader_name2       = [[Iloilo Provincial Board]]
| area_footnotes     = <ref name=nscblist>{{cite web|title=List of Provinces |url=http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/listprov.asp |work=PSGC Interactive |publisher=National Statistical Coordination Board |access-date=February 11, 2013 |location=Makati City, Philippines |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130111015112/http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/listprov.asp |archive-date=January 11, 2013 }}</ref>
| area_total_km2     = {{PH wikidata|area}}
| area_rank          = 19th out of 81
| area_note          = (excluding Iloilo City)
| elevation_max_m    = 1958
| elevation_max_point = [[Mount Baloy]]
| population_footnotes = {{PH census|2015|06}}
| population_total   = {{PH wikidata|population_total}}
| population_as_of   = {{PH wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_rank    = 12th out of 81
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_rank = 14th out of 81
| population_note    = (excluding [[Iloilo City]])
| population_demonym = [[Hiligaynon people|Ilonggo]]
| demographics_type1 = Divisions
| demographics1_title1 = [[Cities of the Philippines#Independent cities|Independent&nbsp;cities]]
| demographics1_info1 = {{Collapsible list
| titlestyle              = font-weight:normal;text-align:left;background-color:WhiteSmoke;
| title                   = 1
 | [[Iloilo City]]<br />({{small|Highly urbanized city}})
}}
| demographics1_title2 = [[Cities of the Philippines|Component cities]]
| demographics1_info2 = {{Collapsible list
| titlestyle              = font-weight:normal;text-align:left;background-color:WhiteSmoke;
| title                   = 1
 | [[Passi, Iloilo|Passi]]
}}
| demographics1_title3 = [[Municipalities of the Philippines|Municipalities]]
| demographics1_info3 = {{Collapsible list
| titlestyle              = font-weight:normal;text-align:left;background-color:WhiteSmoke;
| title                   = 42
 | [[Ajuy, Iloilo|Ajuy]]
 | [[Alimodian, Iloilo|Alimodian]]
 | [[Anilao, Iloilo|Anilao]]
 | [[Badiangan, Iloilo|Badiangan]]
 | [[Balasan, Iloilo|Balasan]]
 | [[Banate, Iloilo|Banate]]
 | [[Barotac Nuevo, Iloilo|Barotac Nuevo]]
 | [[Barotac Viejo, Iloilo|Barotac Viejo]]
 | [[Batad, Iloilo|Batad]]
 | [[Bingawan, Iloilo|Bingawan]]
 | [[Cabatuan, Iloilo|Cabatuan]]
 | [[Calinog, Iloilo|Calinog]]
 | [[Carles, Iloilo|Carles]]
 | [[Concepcion, Iloilo|Concepcion]]
 | [[Dingle, Iloilo|Dingle]]
 | [[Dueñas, Iloilo|Dueñas]]
 | [[Dumangas, Iloilo|Dumangas]]
 | [[Estancia, Iloilo|Estancia]]
 | [[Guimbal, Iloilo|Guimbal]]
 | [[Igbaras, Iloilo|Igbaras]]
 | [[Janiuay, Iloilo|Janiuay]]
 | [[Lambunao, Iloilo|Lambunao]]
 | [[Leganes, Iloilo|Leganes]]
 | [[Lemery, Iloilo|Lemery]]
 | [[Leon, Iloilo|Leon]]
 | [[Maasin, Iloilo|Maasin]]
 | [[Miagao]]
 | [[Mina, Iloilo|Mina]]
 | [[New Lucena, Iloilo|New Lucena]]
 | [[Oton, Iloilo|Oton]]
 | [[Pavia, Iloilo|Pavia]]
 | [[Pototan, Iloilo|Pototan]]
 | [[San Dionisio, Iloilo|San Dionisio]]
 | [[San Enrique, Iloilo|San Enrique]]
 | [[San Joaquin, Iloilo|San Joaquin]]
 | [[San Miguel, Iloilo|San Miguel]]
 | [[San Rafael, Iloilo|San Rafael]]
 | [[Santa Barbara, Iloilo|Santa Barbara]]
 | [[Sara, Iloilo|Sara]]
 | [[Tigbauan, Iloilo|Tigbauan]]
 | [[Tubungan, Iloilo|Tubungan]]
 | [[Zarraga, Iloilo|Zarraga]]
}}
| demographics1_title4 = [[Barangay]]s
| demographics1_info4 = {{unbulleted list | 1,721 | {{small|including [[Cities of the Philippines#Independent cities|independent cities]]:}} 1,901 }}
| demographics1_title5 = [[House of Representatives of the Philippines|Districts]]
| demographics1_info5 = *[[Legislative districts of Iloilo]] 
*[[Legislative district of Iloilo City]]
| timezone           = [[Philippine Standard Time|PST]]
| utc_offset         = +8
| postal_code_type   = [[List of ZIP codes in the Philippines|ZIP code]]
| postal_code        = {{PH wikidata|postal_code}}
| area_code_type     = {{areacodestyle}}
| area_code          = {{PH wikidata|area_code}}
| iso_code           = {{PH wikidata|iso_code}}
| blank1_name        = Registered Voters
| blank1_info        = 1,347,514 {{as of|2016}} (including Iloilo City)
| blank_name_sec1    = [[Human Development Index|HDI]]
| blank_info_sec1    = {{increase}} 0.800 ({{fontcolor|darkgreen|Very High}})
| blank1_name_sec1   = HDI rank
| blank1_info_sec1   = [[List of Philippine provinces and regions by Human Development Index|4th in Philippines]] (2019)
| blank1_name_sec2   = [[List of regions of the Philippines by GDP|GDP]] (2022)
| blank1_info_sec2   = [[Philippine peso|₱]]351.05 billion <br />[[USD|$]]5.98 billion <ref name="grdp">{{Cite web |title=2021 to 2023 Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP)|url=https://psa.gov.ph/statistics/grdp/tables |access-date=April 26, 2024 |publisher=Philippine Statistics Authority|website=openstat.psa.gov.ph}}</ref>
| blank2_name_sec2   = Growth rate
| blank2_info_sec2   = {{increase}} 8.5%
| blank3_name_sec2   = Languages
| blank3_info_sec2   = {{hlist | [[Hiligaynon language|Hiligaynon]] | [[Kinaray-a language|Kinaray-a]] | [[Capiznon language|Capiznon]] | [[Ati language (Philippines)|Ati]] | [[Filipino language|Filipino]] | [[English language|English]] }}
| website            = {{PH wikidata|website}}
| image_map1         = {{hidden begin|title=OpenStreetMap|ta1=center}}{{Infobox mapframe|frame-width=250|zoom=8}}{{hidden end}}
| nickname           = ''Heart of the Philippines''
| anthem             = ''Himno sang Probinsya sang Iloilo'' (Iloilo Provincial Hymn)
| motto              = 
}}

'''Iloilo''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|ɪ|l|oʊ|ˈ|iː|l|oʊ}} {{Respell|ih|loh|EE|loh}}; {{IPA|tl|ɪlo.ˈilo|}}), officially the '''Province of Iloilo''' ({{langx|hil|Kapuoran sang Iloilo}}; {{langx|krj|Kapuoran kang Iloilo}}; {{Langx|tl|Lalawigan ng Iloilo}}; {{langx|es|Provincia de Iloílo}}),  is a [[Provinces of the Philippines|province]] in the Philippines located in the [[Western Visayas]] [[Regions of the Philippines|region]]. Its capital and largest city is [[Iloilo City]], the regional center of Western Visayas and politically independent from the province. Iloilo occupies the southeast portion of the [[Visayas|Visayan island]] of [[Panay]] and is bordered by the province of [[Antique (province)|Antique]] to the west, [[Capiz]] to the north, the [[Jintotolo Channel]] to the northeast, the [[Guimaras Strait]] to the east, and the [[Iloilo Strait]] and [[Panay Gulf]] to the southwest. Iloilo City is the center of the Iloilo–Guimaras metropolitan area or [[Metro Iloilo–Guimaras]], and is geographically located in the province and grouped under it by the [[Philippine Statistics Authority]], but remains politically independent from the provincial government. According to the 2024 census, the population of the province (excluding Iloilo City) is 2,082,616. If Iloilo City is included, the population is 2,556,344 in total.

Iloilo is known for its rich history and cultural heritage. The southern part of the province is home to many Spanish-era historic sites, including the [[Miagao Church|Miag-ao Church]], a [[UNESCO]] [[List of World Heritage Sites in the Philippines|World Heritage Site in the Philippines]]. It also boasts several other prominent structures, such as the [[San Joaquin Campo Santo]], [[San Joaquin Church (Iloilo)|San Joaquin Church]], and [[Santa Barbara Church, Santa Barbara, Iloilo|Santa Barbara Church]], all recognized as [[List of National Cultural Treasures in the Philippines|National Cultural Treasures]] by the [[National Museum of the Philippines]]. In the northern part, it is known for beaches and islands, including the [[Bantigue Island|Bantigue Sandbar]], Tangke Lagoon, [[Cabugao Island]], and Antonia Island, all part of the [[Islas de Gigantes]]. Additionally, [[Sicogon Island]], situated south of the group of islands, has gained popularity as a luxury tourist destination.

==Etymology==
The name of the province is derived from Iloilo City, which in turn is derived from the older name "Irong-irong" (archaic [[Hiligaynon language|Hiligaynon]] writing: ''Irong̃-írong̃'') meaning "nose-like", referring to the [[promontory]] between two rivers ([[Iloilo River|Iloilo]] and [[Batiano River|Batiano]]) where the [[Fort San Pedro (Iloilo)|Fort San Pedro]] and the 17th-century Spanish port were located.<ref name="de Mentrida">{{cite book |last1=de Mentrida |first1=Alonso |title=Diccionario De La Lengua Bisaya, Hiligueina Y Haraya de la isla de Panay |date=1841 |publisher=En La Imprenta De D. Manuel Y De D. Felis Dayot |pages=202–203 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QQ1aAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA203}}</ref><ref name="Doeppers">{{cite book |last1=Doeppers |first1=Daniel F. |editor1-last=Frost |editor1-first=Lionel |title=Urbanization and the Pacific World, 1500–1900 |date=2017 |publisher=Routledge |chapter=The Development of Philippine Cities Before 1900 |isbn=9781351876346 |series=Lands, Peoples, and History of the Pacific, 1500-1900 |volume=15}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Law |first1=Gwillim |title=Administrative Subdivisions of Countries: A Comprehensive World Reference, 1900 through 1998 |date=2015 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=9781476604473 |page=289 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nXCeCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA289}}</ref><ref name="Romuáldez">{{cite book |last1=Romuáldez |first1=Norberto |title=A Bisayan Grammar and Notes on Bisayan Rhetoric and Poetics and Filipino Dialectology |date=1908 |publisher=Pag Pahayag Co. |location=Tacloban |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b6ITAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA30}}</ref>

==History==
===Early history===
{{see also | Maragtas | Madja-as | Philippines#Early_historic_coastal_city-states_and_polities | label 3 = Early historic coastal city-states and polities of Philippines | Indian cultural influences in early Philippine polities | Greater India | Indosphere}}

No pre-Hispanic written accounts of Iloilo and Panay island exist today. Oral tradition, in the form of recited epics like the [[Hinilawod]], has survived to a small degree. A few recordings of these epic poems exist. The most notable are the works of noted Filipino Anthropologist [[Felipe Jocano]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Jocano |first=Felipe Landa |author-link=F. Landa Jocano |author2=Hugan-an |title=Hinilawod: Adventures of Humadapnon Tarangban I |publisher=Punlad Research House, Inc. |location=Quezon City |year=2000 |isbn=971-622-010-3}}</ref>

While no current archaeological evidence exist describing pre-Hispanic Iloilo, an original work by Pedro Alcantara Monteclaro published in 1907 called ''[[Maragtas]]'' details the alleged accounts of the founding of the various pre-Hispanic polities on Panay Island. The book is based on oral and written accounts available to the author at the time.<ref>{{cite book|author=Ma. Cecilia Locsin-Nava|title=History & Society in the Novels of Ramon Muzones|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v8Xk_10M4icC|year=2001|publisher=Ateneo de Manila University Press|isbn=978-971-550-378-5|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=v8Xk_10M4icC&pg=PA46 46]}}</ref>  The author made no claim on the historical accuracy of the accounts.<ref>Originally titled ''Maragtás kon (historia) sg pulô nga Panay kutub sg iya una nga pamuluyö tubtub sg pag-abut sg mga taga Borneo nga amó ang ginhalinan sg mga bisayâ kag sg pag-abut sg mga Katsilâ'', {{Cite book |last=Scott |first=William Henry |title=Pre-hispanic Source Materials for the Study of Philippine History |publisher=New Day Publishers |year=1984 |location=Quezon City |pages=92–93, 103}}</ref>

According to Maragtas, [[Madja-as]] was founded after ten datus fled Borneo and landed on Panay Island. The book then goes on to detail their subsequent purchase of the coastal lands in which they settled from the native Ati people.

Datu Paiburong, one of the ten fleeing datus, established a settlement and named it [[Irong-Irong]] after an islet of the same name on the Batiano River. Afterwards, the warriors Labaodungon and Paybare, upon advice of datu Paiboring then recruited local fighters from the Philippines and fellow immigrants from Borneo and they returned to Borneo at Odtojan where the enemy of the ten datus, Makatunaw, ruled, Rajah or Sultan Makatunao, and they killed him and sacked the city he ruled and returned to the newly founded towns of the ten datus.<ref name="Talaguit">[https://www.academia.edu/44240332/Mga_Maragtas_ng_Panay_Comparative_Analysis_of_Documents_about_the_Bornean_Settlement_Tradition Mga Maragtas ng Panay] Comparative Analysis of Documents about the Bornean Settlement Tradition By Talaguit Christian Jeo N.</ref><ref name=NLP>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://nlpdl.nlp.gov.ph:9000/rpc/cat/finders/CC01/NLP00VM052mcd/v1/v20.pdf |title=Philippine Ethnography: Ilongo |encyclopedia=CCP encyclopedia of Philippine Art |volume=1 |publisher=Cultural Center of the Philippines |year=1990 |place=manila |access-date=April 19, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140504121102/http://nlpdl.nlp.gov.ph:9000/rpc/cat/finders/CC01/NLP00VM052mcd/v1/v20.pdf |archive-date=May 4, 2014}}</ref>

{{multiple image
| align             = left
| width             = 160
| image1            = Visayans_3.png
| alt1              = 
| caption1          = 
| image2            = Visayans_4.png
| alt2              = 
| caption2          = 
| footer            = '''Left to right''': Images from the [[Boxer Codex]] illustrating an ancient ''kadatuan'' or [[tumao]] of the [[Visayan]]s of Panay wearing the distinctive colors of their social status: ['''1'''] a [[Nobility|noble]] couple and ['''2'''] a [[Royal family|royal]] couple. The wealth and prestige of these Visayans from Panay are clearly demonstrated vis-a-vis their [[loincloth]]-wearing Cebuano neighbors which the Spaniards called "Pintados" or "Tattooed Ones"
| footer_align      = left
}}

===Spanish colonial era===
Spain eventually succeeded on conquering of the island of [[Panay]] when Spanish [[conquistador]] [[Miguel López de Legazpi]] moved his headquarters from the island of [[Cebu]] and creating the first Spanish settlement in the island in [[Oton|Ogtong]] in 1566. This is mainly due in part to the rivalries between the [[Bisaya (Borneo)|Bisaya]] and the [[Moro people|Moro]], of which the former found an ally in Spanish against the latter. The Bisayas accepted alliances with Spain, to defend themselves against the enslaving Moros. To this end, Iloilo contributed troops in the [[Castille War]] against the [[Sultanate of Brunei]].[[File:Flag of Ilo-Ilo (1886-1898 ).svg|thumb|Former provincial flag of Iloilo from 1886 to 1898 featured the white and blue ensign, which served as inspiration for elements adopted in the national [[Philippine flag]]|left]]

In 1581, the encomienda in Ogtong was moved to [[Arevalo, Iloilo City|La Villa Rica de Arevalo]], because of frequent coastal raids by the [[Dutch people|Dutch]] privateers. Furthermore, an attack in the year 1600 (Part of the [[Spanish–Moro conflict]]) where there was a large Muslim armada to destroy Iloilo City, led by two [[Moro people|Moro]]s named Sirungan and Salikala who lead the Muslim force of 70 ships and 4,000 warriors that had raided and attacked several Visayan islands in order to abduct slaves to sell to their allies in the [[Sultanate of Demak]] and the [[Sultanate of Malacca]], eventually caused the move of the city center further on to the mouth of the Irong-Irong river founding what is now [[Iloilo City]] and constructing [[Fort San Pedro (Iloilo)|Fort San Pedro]] to defend it in 1616.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ilongo.weebly.com/iloilo-history-part-2.html |title=Iloilo History Part 2 - Research Center for Iloilo |access-date=September 14, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009183141/http://ilongo.weebly.com/iloilo-history-part-2.html |archive-date=October 9, 2014 }}</ref>

Nevertheless, when the 4,000 Moros led by Sirungan and Salikala tried to attack Iloilo City they were repulsed with heavy losses in the town of Arevalo by a force of 1,000 [[Hiligaynon people|Hiligaynon]] warriors and 70 Mexican arquebusiers under the command of Juan García de Sierra, the Spanish officer who died in the battle.<ref>''Philippines: A Unique Nation'' By Dr. Sonia  M. Zaide (2015) p. 150. [All Nations Publishing Co., Inc.]</ref> The Spanish [[Christianized]] the area.

Soon, the area itself began to prosper, due to its successful textile and sugar industry. As a result, it received Chinese immigrants from the west (that worked for its trades) and [[Latinos]] from the ports of Mexico in the east (to man its military installations). The Jesuits soon built a school for Spanish and Visayan boys in [[Tigbauan]], Iloilo.<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.530346/2015.530346.jesuits-in_djvu.txt "Jesuits In The Philippines (1581-1768)" Page 145.]</ref> Later in the 1700s, Iloilo was home to 166 [[Spanish Filipino]] families and 29,723 native families.<ref name="Estadismo2">[https://ia601608.us.archive.org/10/items/bub_gb_ElhFAAAAYAAJ_2/bub_gb_ElhFAAAAYAAJ.pdf ESTADISMO DE LAS ISLAS FILIPINAS TOMO SEGUNDO By Joaquín Martínez de Zúñiga (Original Spanish)]</ref>{{rp|113}}<gallery class="center" mode="nolines" widths="300" heights="300">
File:Calle Real iloilo Philippines.png|[[Bahay na bato]] houses along [[Calle Real, Iloilo|Calle Real]]
File:Iloilo city Philippines late 1800's to early 1900's.png|[[Iloilo City]] in the 1900s
</gallery>

===American colonial era===
During the American colonial period, Iloilo became a home to many firsts: including the first department stores and cinema theaters in the [[Commonwealth of the Philippines]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dayrit |first=Christine S. |title=Iloilo: City of love |url=https://www.philstar.com/lifestyle/travel-and-tourism/2004/10/03/265621/iloilo-city-love |access-date=2023-05-20 |website=Philstar.com}}</ref>

===Japanese occupation===
{{Main|Japanese invasion of Panay}}
Iloilo experienced severe devastation during the events of World War II. The Japanese built "comfort stations" in Iloilo in 1942, where they imprisoned Filipino "[[comfort women]]" who they routinely gang-raped, brutalized, and murdered for entertainment.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/11/29/939811000/philippine-survivor-recounts-her-struggle-as-a-comfort-woman-for-wartime-japan|title=Philippine Survivor Recounts Her Struggle As A 'Comfort Woman' For Wartime Japan|newspaper=NPR.org|publisher=NPR|access-date=15 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9IsBB-RVTlQC&dq=comfort+gay+philippines+japan&pg=PR9|title=The Other Empire: Literary Views of Japan from the Philippines, Singapore, and Malaysia|year=2008|publisher=The University of the Philippines Press|isbn=9789715425629|access-date=15 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.awf.or.jp/e1/philippine-00.html | title=Women made to be Comfort Women - Philippines }}</ref> Nevertheless,  during the Japanese occupation, [[Macario Peralta Jr.]], freed most of Panay (with little exceptions) from Japanese Imperialism, thus other allied guerillas in other provinces from [[Romblon]], [[Palawan]], [[Marinduque]] and portions of [[Masbate]] and [[Mindoro]], considered majority liberated [[Panay Island]], the "[[Primus inter pares]]" in their alliance network.<ref name=Lapham>Lapham, R., and Norling, B., 1996, Lapham's Raiders, Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky,{{ISBN|0813119499}}</ref>{{rp|110}}

===Philippine independence===
Iloilo became a province of the newly fledged [[Republic of the Philippines]] when the archipelago gained independence from the United States on July 4, 1946.

===Marcos dictatorship era===
{{main|Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos|Human rights abuses of the Marcos dictatorship}}
The beginning months of the 1970s had marked a period of turmoil and change in the Philippines, as well as in Iloilo.<ref name="Robles2016">{{Cite book|last=Robles|first=Raissa|title=Marcos Martial Law: Never Again|publisher=Filipinos for a Better Philippines, Inc.|year=2016}}</ref><ref name ="GazetteHistoryProtest">{{Cite web |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/edsa/the-ph-protest/ |title=A History of the Philippine Political Protest |access-date=2024-06-17 |archive-date=2017-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703123638/http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/edsa/the-ph-protest/ |url-status=live }}</ref> During his [[Ferdinand Marcos’ 1969 reelection campaign|bid to be the first Philippine president to be re-elected]] for a second term, Ferdinand Marcos launched an unprecedented number of foreign debt-funded public works projects. This caused<ref name=Balbosas1992>{{Cite journal|last=Balbosa|first=Joven Zamoras|date=1992|title=IMF Stabilization Program and Economic Growth: The Case of the Philippines|journal=Journal of Philippine Development|volume=XIX|issue=35|url=https://dirp4.pids.gov.ph/ris/pjd/pidsjpd92-2imf.pdf|access-date=November 6, 2022|archive-date=September 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210921141056/https://dirp4.pids.gov.ph/ris/pjd/pidsjpd92-2imf.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Balisacan&Hill2003">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O_L9k58WM9UC&q=The+Philippine+economy+under+Marcos:+A+balance+sheet|title=The Philippine Economy: Development, Policies, and Challenges|last1=Balisacan|first1=A. M.|last2=Hill|first2=Hal|date=2003|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780195158984|language=en|access-date=2024-06-17|archive-date=2023-02-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218080523/https://books.google.com/books?id=O_L9k58WM9UC&q=The+Philippine+economy+under+Marcos:+A+balance+sheet|url-status=live}}</ref> the Philippine economy to take a sudden downwards turn known as the [[1969 Philippine balance of payments crisis]], which led to a period of economic difficulty and a significant rise of social unrest.<ref name="Cororaton1997">{{Cite journal|last=Cororaton|first=Cesar B.|title=Exchange Rate Movements in the Philippines|journal=DPIDS Discussion Paper Series 97-05|pages=3, 19}}</ref><ref name="Celoza1997">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sp3U1oCNKlgC|title=Ferdinand Marcos and the Philippines: The Political Economy of Authoritarianism|last=Celoza|first=Albert F.|date=1997|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=9780275941376|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/philippinesreade00schi|title=The Philippines reader : a history of colonialism, neocolonialism, dictatorship, and resistance|last=Schirmer|first=Daniel B.|date=1987|publisher=South End Press|isbn=0896082768|edition=1st|location=Boston|oclc=14214735}}</ref><ref name="Kessler1989">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/rebellionrepress0000kess|title=Rebellion and repression in the Philippines|last=Kessler|first=Richard J.|date=1989|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=0300044062|location=New Haven|oclc=19266663|url-access=registration}}</ref> {{rp|page="43"}} With only a year left in his last constitutionally allowed term as president, Ferdinand Marcos placed the Philippines under [[Martial Law under Ferdinand Marcos|Martial Law]] in September 1972 and thus retained the position for fourteen more years.<ref name ="Kasaysayan9ch10">{{Cite book|title=Kasaysayan, The Story of the Filipino People Volume 9:A Nation Reborn.|publisher=Asia Publishing Company Limited|year=1998|editor-last=Magno|editor-first=Alexander R.|location=Hong Kong|chapter=Democracy at the Crossroads}}</ref> This period in Philippine history is remembered for the Marcos administration's record of [[Human rights abuses of the Marcos dictatorship|human rights abuses]],<ref name="McCoy199909202">{{cite web|url=http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/54a/062.html|title=Alfred McCoy, Dark Legacy: Human rights under the Marcos regime|date=September 20, 1999|publisher=[[Ateneo de Manila University]]|access-date=June 17, 2024|archive-date=September 1, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901062823/http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/54a/062.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Abinales&Amoroso20052">{{Cite book|title=State and society in the Philippines|last1=Abinales|first1=P.N.|last2=Amoroso|first2=Donna J.|date=2005|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|isbn=978-0742510234|location=Lanham, MD|oclc=57452454}}</ref> particularly targeting political opponents, student activists, journalists, religious workers, farmers, and others who fought against the Marcos dictatorship.<ref name="Rappler">{{Cite news|url=https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/182828-marcos-dictatorship-martial-law-youth-leaders-killed|title=Gone too soon: 7 youth leaders killed under Martial Law|work=Rappler|access-date=June 15, 2018|archive-date=June 24, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180624114207/https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/182828-marcos-dictatorship-martial-law-youth-leaders-killed|url-status=live}}</ref> In Iloilo, a major holding area for the many [[Political detainees under the Marcos dictatorship]] was Camp Martin Delgado in the Fort San Pedro area of [[Iloilo City]] where Luing Posa-Dominado was detained alongside Judy Taguiwalo and tortured, manhandled, and sexually assaulted<ref name="BantayogProfileDominado">{{Cite web |date=May 31, 2023 |title=Martyrs & Heroes: Luisa Posa Dominado |url=https://bantayogngmgabayani.org/bayani/luisa-posa-dominado/ |access-date=December 19, 2023 |website=Bantayog ng mga Bayani |language=en-US}}</ref> Local World War II heroine Coronacion "Walingwaling" Chiva was also detained there for opposing Marcos, although her status as a legendary World War II heroine meant she was mostly not harmed during detention.<ref name="BantayogProfileWalingWaling">{{Cite web |date=May 27, 2023 |title=Martyrs & Heroes: Chiva, Coronacion "Walingwaling" |url=https://bantayogngmgabayani.org/bayani/chiva-coronacion-walingwaling/ |access-date=December 19, 2023 |website=Bantayog ng mga Bayani |language=en-US}}</ref> Labor lawyer Rodolfo Lagoc was also detained there for six months.<ref name="BantayogProfileLagoc">{{Cite web |date=June 11, 2023 |title=Martyrs & Heroes: Atty. Rodolfo Lagoc |url=https://bantayogngmgabayani.org/bayani/rodolfo-lagoc/ |access-date=December 19, 2023 |website=Bantayog ng mga Bayani |language=en-US}}</ref> In yet another military camp, this time in [[Santa Barbara, Iloilo]], [[Second lieutenant|2Lt]] Pablo G. Fernandez, who objected to martial law, was detained and summarily executed<ref name="BantayogProfilePabloFernandez">{{Cite web |date=June 3, 2023 |title=Martyrs & Heroes: Pablo Fernandez |url=https://bantayogngmgabayani.org/bayani/pablo-fernandez/ |access-date=December 19, 2023 |website=Bantayog ng mga Bayani |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Geography==
[[File:Ph fil iloilo.png|thumb|500px|Map of Iloilo]]
The province covers a total area of {{convert|5,000.83|km2}}{{PSGC detail|nscb}} occupying the central and eastern section of [[Panay]] island in the [[Western Visayas]] region. If Iloilo City is included for geographical purposes, Iloilo has an area of {{convert|5079.17|km2}}. The province is bordered by the [[Antique (province)|province of Antique]] to the west, [[Capiz]] to the north, the [[Jintotolo Channel]] to the northeast, the [[Visayan Sea]] and [[Guimaras Strait]] to the east, and the [[Iloilo Strait]] and [[Panay Gulf]] to the southwest.

The province is divided into two distinct geographic regions; the highlands of the [[Central Panay Mountain Range]] on the western border and the lowland plains which account for a larger portion of the province. Small islands east of its northernmost tip also dot the [[Visayan Sea]] - of these, [[Pan de Azucar Island (Iloilo)|Pan de Azucar]] and [[Sicogon Island|Sicogon]] are well-known. [[Mount Baloy]] is the highest mountain in Iloilo with an elevation of {{convert|6424|ft}} above sea level, located on the triple border of Iloilo, Capiz, and Antique. Other peaks are [[Mount Llorente]] 4,409&nbsp;ft. (1,344m), [[Mount Sansanan]] 4,219&nbsp;ft. (1,286m), [[Mount Napulak]] 4,095&nbsp;ft. (1,248 m), [[Mount Balabag]] 3,728&nbsp;ft. (1,136m).[[File:Oton (Iloilo) OldCathedral 1901.jpg|thumb|[[Old Oton Church]] in Oton: consecrated 1891, destroyed by earthquake January 24, 1948]]Expansive fishponds and mangrove wetlands are found along the coasts and rivers of [[Iloilo City]] and the towns of [[Oton]], [[Leganes, Iloilo|Leganes]], [[Zarraga]], [[Dumangas]], [[Anilao, Iloilo|Anilao]], [[Banate, Iloilo|Banate]], [[Barotac Viejo]], [[Barotac Nuevo]], [[Ajuy, Iloilo|Ajuy]], [[Balasan]] and [[Carles, Iloilo|Carles]].

===Topography===

List of peaks in Iloilo by elevation:
*Mount Baloy
*Mount Inaman
*Mount Igdalig
*Mount Tiran

===Rivers===

List of rivers in Iloilo by length:
{{Div col}}
*[[Jalaur River]]
*Tigum River
*Lamunan River
*Ulian River (Laglag)
*Suage River
*Aganan River
*Sibalom River, Tigbauan
*Jar-ao River, Guimbal
*Asisig River
*Alawihaw River
*Tangyan River
*Balantian River
*Barotac Viejo River
*Sara River
*Siuaragan River
*Barotac Nuevo River
*Lawigan River
*Cata-an River
*Banate River
*Tiolas River
*Tumagbok River
*Oyungan River
*[[Iloilo River]]
{{Div col end}}

===Administrative divisions===
The Province of Iloilo consists of 42 [[Philippine municipality|municipalities]] and two [[Cities of the Philippines|cities]] (one [[Cities of the Philippines#Classification|component]] and one [[Cities of the Philippines#Classification|highly urbanized]]).

{{unbulleted list
| {{Color box|#BFF5FF|†|border=darkgray}} {{font|Provincial capital and highly urbanized city|size=90%}}
| {{Color box|#FFE6F3|∗|border=darkgray}} {{font|Component city|size=90%}}
| {{Color box|#FDFDFD|border=darkgray}} {{font|Municipality|size=90%}}
}}
{{col-begin|width=auto}}
{{col-break}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:auto;table-layout:fixed;text-align:right;background-color:#FDFDFD;font-size:90%;border-collapse:collapse;"
! scope="col" style="border-bottom:none;" class="unsortable" colspan=2 | City {{small|or}} municipality
! scope="col" style="border-bottom:none;" class="unsortable" | [[Legislative districts of Iloilo|District]]{{PSGC detail|nscb}}
! scope="col" style="border-bottom:none;" class="unsortable" colspan=3 | Population 
! scope="col" style="border-bottom:none;" class="unsortable" | {{PSGC rubric}}
! scope="col" style="border-bottom:none;" class="unsortable" colspan=2 | Area{{PSGC detail|nscb}}
! scope="col" style="border-bottom:none;" class="unsortable" colspan=2 | Density
! scope="col" style="border-bottom:none;" class="unsortable" | {{abbr|Barangay|Total number of barangays}}
! scope="col" style="border-bottom:none;" class="unsortable" | [[Coordinates]]{{ref label|Coord|A|none}}
 
|-
! scope="col" style="border-top:none;" colspan=2 |
! scope="col" style="border-top:none;" |
! scope="col" style="border-style:hidden hidden solid solid;" colspan=2 | {{small|(2020)}}{{PH census|2020|06}}
! scope="col" style="border-style:hidden solid solid hidden;" | {{small|(2015)}}{{PH census|2015|06}}
! scope="col" style="border-top:none;" |
! scope="col" style="border-style:hidden hidden solid solid;" | km<sup>2</sup>
! scope="col" style="border-style:hidden solid solid hidden;" class="unsortable" | {{nowrap|sq mi}}
! scope="col" style="border-style:hidden hidden solid solid;" | /km<sup>2</sup>
! scope="col" style="border-style:hidden solid solid hidden;" class="unsortable" | {{nowrap|/sq mi}}
! scope="col" style="border-top:none;" |
! scope="col" style="border-top:none;" |
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan=2 | [[Ajuy, Iloilo|Ajuy]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 5th
| {{percent and number|53,462|2,051,899|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 52,268
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|53,462|2015.3315|52,268}}
| {{convert|175.57|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|53,462/175.57|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 34
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|11.1713|N|123.0199|E|name=Ajuy|region:PH-ILI_type:city|format=dms}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan=2 | [[Alimodian, Iloilo|Alimodian]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 2nd
| {{percent and number|39,722|2,051,899|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 38,408
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|39,722|2015.3315|38,408}}
| {{convert|144.82|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|39,722/144.82|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 51
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|10.8163|N|122.4321|E|name=Alimodian|region:PH-ILI_type:city|format=dms}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan=2 | [[Anilao, Iloilo|Anilao]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 4th
| {{percent and number|30,520|2,051,899|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 28,684
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|30,520|2015.3315|28,684}}
| {{convert|85.09|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|30,520/85.09|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 21
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|10.9789|N|122.7511|E|name=Anilao|region:PH-ILI_type:city|format=dms}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan=2 | [[Badiangan, Iloilo|Badiangan]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 3rd
| {{percent and number|27,056|2,051,899|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 27,005
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|27,056|2015.3315|27,005}}
| {{convert|77.50|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|27,056/77.50|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 31
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|10.9863|N|122.5367|E|name=Badiangan|region:PH-ILI_type:city|format=dms}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan=2 | [[Balasan, Iloilo|Balasan]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 5th
| {{percent and number|35,064|2,051,899|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 33,088
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|35,064|2015.3315|33,088}}
| {{convert|54.27|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|35,064/54.27|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 23
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|11.4731|N|123.0891|E|name=Balasan|region:PH-ILI_type:city|format=dms}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan=2 | [[Banate, Iloilo|Banate]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 4th
| {{percent and number|33,376|2,051,899|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 32,532
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|33,376|2015.3315|32,532}}
| {{convert|73.48|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|33,376/73.48|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 18
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|11.0006|N|122.8182|E|name=Banate|region:PH-ILI_type:city|format=dms}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan=2 | [[Barotac Nuevo, Iloilo|Barotac Nuevo]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 4th
| {{percent and number|58,176|2,051,899|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 54,146
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|58,176|2015.3315|54,146}}
| {{convert|94.49|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|58,176/94.49|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 29
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|10.8951|N|122.7041|E|name=Barotac Nuevo|region:PH-ILI_type:city|format=dms}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan=2 | [[Barotac Viejo, Iloilo|Barotac Viejo]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 5th
| {{percent and number|48,614|2,051,899|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 45,808
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|48,614|2015.3315|45,808}}
| {{convert|185.78|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|48,614/185.78|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 26
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|11.0419|N|122.8505|E|name=Barotac Viejo|region:PH-ILI_type:city|format=dms}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan=2 | [[Batad, Iloilo|Batad]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 5th
| {{percent and number|22,157|2,051,899|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 21,298
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|22,157|2015.3315|21,298}}
| {{convert|53.10|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|22,157/53.10|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 24
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|11.4173|N|123.1098|E|name=Batad|region:PH-ILI_type:city|format=dms}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan=2 | [[Bingawan, Iloilo|Bingawan]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 3rd
| {{percent and number|16,164|2,051,899|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 15,199
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|16,164|2015.3315|15,199}}
| {{convert|85.20|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|16,164/85.20|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 14
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|11.2329|N|122.5675|E|name=Bingawan|region:PH-ILI_type:city|format=dms}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan=2 | [[Cabatuan, Iloilo|Cabatuan]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 3rd
| {{percent and number|61,110|2,051,899|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 58,442
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5833|61,110|2015.3333|58,442}}
| {{convert|112.90|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|61,110/112.90|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 68
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|10.8803|N|122.4815|E|name=Cabatuan|region:PH-ILI_type:city|format=dms}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan=2 | [[Calinog, Iloilo|Calinog]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 3rd
| {{percent and number|62,853|2,051,899|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 60,413
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|62,853|2015.3315|60,413}}
| {{convert|274.55|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|62,853/274.55|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 59
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|11.1225|N|122.5380|E|name=Calinog|region:PH-ILI_type:city|format=dms}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan=2 | [[Carles, Iloilo|Carles]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 5th
| {{percent and number|72,637|2,051,899|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 68,160
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|72,637|2015.3315|68,160}}
| {{convert|104.05|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|72,637/104.05|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 33
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|11.5713|N|123.1326|E|name=Carles|region:PH-ILI_type:city|format=dms}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan=2 | [[Concepcion, Iloilo|Concepcion]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 5th
| {{percent and number|44,633|2,051,899|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 43,159
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|44,633|2015.3315|43,159}}
| {{convert|86.12|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|44,633/86.12|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 25
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|11.2148|N|123.1082|E|name=Concepcion|region:PH-ILI_type:city|format=dms}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan=2 | [[Dingle, Iloilo|Dingle]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 4th
| {{percent and number|45,965|2,051,899|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 45,335
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|45,965|2015.3315|45,335}}
| {{convert|98.37|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|45,965/98.37|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 33
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|11.0000|N|122.6717|E|name=Dingle|region:PH-ILI_type:city|format=dms}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan=2 | [[Dueñas, Iloilo|Dueñas]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 4th
| {{percent and number|34,597|2,051,899|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 34,242
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|34,597|2015.3315|34,242}}
| {{convert|90.52|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|34,597/90.52|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 47
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|11.0662|N|122.6183|E|name=Duenas|region:PH-ILI_type:city|format=dms}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan=2 | [[Dumangas, Iloilo|Dumangas]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 4th
| {{percent and number|73,899|2,051,899|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 69,108
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|73,899|2015.3315|69,108}}
| {{convert|128.70|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|73,899/128.70|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 45
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|10.8214|N|122.7122|E|name=Dumangas|region:PH-ILI_type:city|format=dms}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan=2 | [[Estancia, Iloilo|Estancia]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 5th
| {{percent and number|53,200|2,051,899|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 48,546
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|53,200|2015.3315|48,546}}
| {{convert|29.38|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|53,200/29.38|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 25
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|11.4580|N|123.1511|E|name=Estancia|region:PH-ILI_type:city|format=dms}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan=2 | [[Guimbal, Iloilo|Guimbal]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 1st
| {{percent and number|35,022|2,051,899|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 33,820
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|35,022|2015.3315|33,820}}
| {{convert|44.63|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|35,022/44.63|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 33
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|10.6615|N|122.3228|E|name=Guimbal|region:PH-ILI_type:city|format=dms}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan=2 | [[Igbaras, Iloilo|Igbaras]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 1st
| {{percent and number|32,197|2,051,899|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 32,004
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|32,197|2015.3315|32,004}}
| {{convert|148.72|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|32,197/148.72|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 46
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|10.7172|N|122.2654|E|name=Igbaras|region:PH-ILI_type:city|format=dms}}
|-style="background-color:#BFF5FF;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:#BFF5FF;border-right:0;" | [[Iloilo City]]
| style="text-align:right;border-left:0;" | †
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Legislative district of Iloilo City|lone]]
| —
| 457,626
| 447,992
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|457,626|2015.3315|447,992}}
| {{convert|78.34|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|457,626/78.34|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 180
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|10.7024|N|122.5690|E|name=Iloilo City|region:PH-ILI_type:city|format=dms}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan=2 | [[Janiuay, Iloilo|Janiuay]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 3rd
| {{percent and number|66,786|2,051,899|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 63,905
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|66,786|2015.3315|63,905}}
| {{convert|179.10|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|66,786/179.10|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 60
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|10.9491|N|122.5019|E|name=Janiuay|region:PH-ILI_type:city|format=dms}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan=2 | [[Lambunao, Iloilo|Lambunao]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 3rd
| {{percent and number|81,236|2,051,899|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 73,640
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|81,236|2015.3315|73,640}}
| {{convert|407.09|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|81,236/407.09|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 73
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|11.0553|N|122.4746|E|name=Lambunao|region:PH-ILI_type:city|format=dms}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan=2 | [[Leganes, Iloilo|Leganes]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 2nd
| {{percent and number|34,725|2,051,899|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 32,480
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|34,725|2015.3315|32,480}}
| {{convert|32.20|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|34,725/32.20|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 18
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|10.7863|N|122.5892|E|name=Leganes|region:PH-ILI_type:city|format=dms}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan=2 | [[Lemery, Iloilo|Lemery]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 5th
| {{percent and number|31,414|2,051,899|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 30,851
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|31,414|2015.3315|30,851}}
| {{convert|137.55|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|31,414/137.55|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 31
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|11.2258|N|122.9274|E|name=Lemery|region:PH-ILI_type:city|format=dms}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan=2 | [[Leon, Iloilo|Leon]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 2nd
| {{percent and number|51,990|2,051,899|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 49,875
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|51,990|2015.3315|49,875}}
| {{convert|163.97|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|51,990/163.97|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 85
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|10.7805|N|122.3882|E|name=Leon|region:PH-ILI_type:city|format=dms}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan=2 | [[Maasin, Iloilo|Maasin]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 3rd
| {{percent and number|38,461|2,051,899|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 36,922
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|38,461|2015.3315|36,922}}
| {{convert|128.59|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|38,461/128.59|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 50
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|10.8908|N|122.4332|E|name=Maasin|region:PH-ILI_type:city|format=dms}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan=2 | [[Miagao, Iloilo|Miagao]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 1st
| {{percent and number|68,115|2,051,899|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 67,565
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|68,115|2015.3315|67,565}}
| {{convert|156.80|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|68,115/156.80|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 119
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|10.6410|N|122.2355|E|name=Miagao|region:PH-ILI_type:city|format=dms}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan=2 | [[Mina, Iloilo|Mina]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 3rd
| {{percent and number|24,042|2,051,899|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 23,546
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|24,042|2015.3315|23,546}}
| {{convert|43.40|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|24,042/43.40|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 22
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|10.9300|N|122.5742|E|name=Mina|region:PH-ILI_type:city|format=dms}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan=2 | [[New Lucena, Iloilo|New Lucena]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 2nd
| {{percent and number|24,314|2,051,899|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 23,240
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|24,314|2015.3315|23,240}}
| {{convert|44.10|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|24,314/44.10|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 21
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|10.8776|N|122.5967|E|name=New Lucena|region:PH-ILI_type:city|format=dms}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan=2 | [[Oton, Iloilo|Oton]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 1st
| {{percent and number|98,509|2,051,899|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 89,115
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|98,509|2015.3315|89,115}}
| {{convert|86.44|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|98,509/86.44|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 37
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|10.6936|N|122.4773|E|name=Oton|region:PH-ILI_type:city|format=dms}}
|-style="background-color:#FFE6F3;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:#FFE6F3;border-right:0;" | [[Passi, Iloilo|Passi City]]
| style="text-align:right;border-left:0;" | ∗
| style="text-align:center;" | 4th
| {{percent and number|88,873|2,051,899|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 80,544
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|88,873|2015.3315|80,544}}
| {{convert|251.39|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|88,873/251.39|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 51
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|11.1174|N|122.6432|E|name=Passi|region:PH-ILI_type:city|format=dms}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan=2 | [[Pavia, Iloilo|Pavia]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 2nd
| {{percent and number|70,388|2,051,899|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 55,603
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|70,388|2015.3315|55,603}}
| {{convert|27.15|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|70,388/27.15|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 18
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|10.7748|N|122.5419|E|name=Pavia|region:PH-ILI_type:city|format=dms}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan=2 | [[Pototan, Iloilo|Pototan]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 3rd
| {{percent and number|78,298|2,051,899|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 75,070
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|78,298|2015.3315|75,070}}
| {{convert|97.10|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|78,298/97.10|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 50
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|10.9421|N|122.6358|E|name=Pototan|region:PH-ILI_type:city|format=dms}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan=2 | [[San Dionisio, Iloilo|San Dionisio]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 5th
| {{percent and number|39,048|2,051,899|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 38,775
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|39,048|2015.3315|38,775}}
| {{convert|127.06|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|39,048/127.06|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 29
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|11.2701|N|123.0942|E|name=San Dionisio|region:PH-ILI_type:city|format=dms}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan=2 | [[San Enrique, Iloilo|San Enrique]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 4th
| {{percent and number|36,911|2,051,899|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 33,911
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|36,911|2015.3315|33,911}}
| {{convert|110.28|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|36,911/110.28|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 28
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|11.0724|N|122.6558|E|name=San Enrique|region:PH-ILI_type:city|format=dms}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan=2 | [[San Joaquin, Iloilo|San Joaquin]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 1st
| {{percent and number|52,617|2,051,899|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 51,892
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|52,617|2015.3315|51,892}}
| {{convert|234.84|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|52,617/234.84|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 85
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|10.5865|N|122.1422|E|name=San Joaquin|region:PH-ILI_type:city|format=dms}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan=2 | [[San Miguel, Iloilo|San Miguel]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 2nd
| {{percent and number|30,115|2,051,899|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 27,686
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|30,115|2015.3315|27,686}}
| {{convert|31.97|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|30,115/31.97|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 24
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|10.7807|N|122.4650|E|name=San Miguel|region:PH-ILI_type:city|format=dms}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan=2 | [[San Rafael, Iloilo|San Rafael]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 5th
| {{percent and number|17,795|2,051,899|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 16,532
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|17,795|2015.3315|16,532}}
| {{convert|67.05|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|17,795/67.05|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 9
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|11.1801|N|122.8288|E|name=San Rafael|region:PH-ILI_type:city|format=dms}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan=2 | [[Santa Barbara, Iloilo|Santa Barbara]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 2nd
| {{percent and number|67,630|2,051,899|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 60,215
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|67,630|2015.3315|60,215}}
| {{convert|131.96|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|67,630/131.96|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 60
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|10.8272|N|122.5314|E|name=Santa Barbara|region:PH-ILI_type:city|format=dms}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan=2 | [[Sara, Iloilo|Sara]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 5th
| {{percent and number|54,637|2,051,899|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 52,631
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|54,637|2015.3315|52,631}}
| {{convert|169.02|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|54,637/169.02|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 42
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|11.2587|N|123.0128|E|name=Sara|region:PH-ILI_type:city|format=dms}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan=2 | [[Tigbauan, Iloilo|Tigbauan]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 1st
| {{percent and number|65,245|2,051,899|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 62,706
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|65,245|2015.3315|62,706}}
| {{convert|83.68|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|65,245/83.68|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 52
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|10.6744|N|122.3761|E|name=Tigbauan|region:PH-ILI_type:city|format=dms}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan=2 | [[Tubungan, Iloilo|Tubungan]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 1st
| {{percent and number|23,021|2,051,899|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 22,449
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|23,021|2015.3315|22,449}}
| {{convert|85.18|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|23,021/85.18|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 48
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|10.7654|N|122.3181|E|name=Tubungan|region:PH-ILI_type:city|format=dms}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan=2 | [[Zarraga, Iloilo|Zarraga]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 2nd
| {{percent and number|27,305|2,051,899|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 25,605
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|27,305|2015.3315|25,605}}
| {{convert|54.48|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|27,305/54.48|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 24
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|10.8236|N|122.6099|E|name=Zarraga|region:PH-ILI_type:city|format=dms}}
|-class="sortbottom"
! scope="row" colspan=4 style="text-align:left;" | Total{{ref label|Total|B|none}}
! scope="col" style="text-align:right;" | 2,051,899
! scope="col" style="text-align:right;" | 1,936,423
! scope="col" style="text-align:right;" | {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|2,051,899|2015.3315|1,936,423}}
! scope="col" style="text-align:right;" | 4,997.64
! scope="col" | {{convert|4,997.64|km2|disp=number|2}}
! scope="col" style="text-align:right;" | {{sigfig|2,051,899/4,997.64|2}}
! scope="col" style="text-align:right;" | {{convert|{{sigfig|2,051,899/4,997.64|2}}|PD/km2|disp=number}}
! scope="col" | 1,721
! scope="col" style="font-style:italic;" | {{small|(see [[#External links|GeoGroup box]])}}
|-class="sortbottom" style="background-color:#F2F2F2;border-top:double grey;line-height:1.3em;"
| colspan=13 |
{{Ordered list
| list_style_type = upper-alpha|{{note label|Coord|A|none}}[[Coordinates]] mark the [[town center|city/town center]], and are sortable by [[latitude]].|{{note label|Total|B|none}}Total figures exclude the ''highly urbanized city'' of [[Iloilo City|Iloilo]].
}}
|}
{{col-end}}

===Climate===
{{Weather box <!--Infobox begins-->
| collapsed          = <!--Any entry in this line will make the template initially collapsed. Leave blank or remove this line for uncollapsed.-->
| open               = <!--Any entry in this line will make the template permanently open, and remove the hide button. Remove this line for a collapsable table.-->
| metric first       = yes<!--Any entry in this line will display metric first. Leave blank or remove this line for imperial first.-->
| single line        = yes<!--Any entry in this line will display metric and imperial units in the same cell. Leave blank or remove this line for separate table rows.-->
| location           = Iloilo, Philippines &mdash; NOAA Station Id: PH98637 <!--Mandatory field, location the climate data was taken, usually an airport.-->
| temperature colour = pastel
<!--Average high temperatures-->
| Jan high C = 29.7
| Feb high C = 30.2
| Mar high C = 31.7
| Apr high C = 33.1
| May high C = 33.1
| Jun high C = 31.6
| Jul high C = 30.7
| Aug high C = 30.4
| Sep high C = 30.8
| Oct high C = 31.1
| Nov high C = 30.9
| Dec high C = 30.2
| year high C = 31.12
<!--Mean daily temperature-->
| Jan mean C = 26.1
| Feb mean C = 26.5
| Mar mean C = 27.6
| Apr mean C = 28.9
| May mean C = 29.1
| Jun mean C = 28.1
| Jul mean C = 27.6
| Aug mean C = 27.5
| Sep mean C = 27.6
| Oct mean C = 27.7
| Nov mean C = 27.5
| Dec mean C = 26.8
| year mean C = 27.59
<!--Average low temperatures-->
| Jan low C = 22.7
| Feb low C = 22.7
| Mar low C = 23.5
| Apr low C = 24.6
| May low C = 25.1
| Jun low C = 24.7
| Jul low C = 24.4
| Aug low C = 24.5
| Sep low C = 24.4
| Oct low C = 24.2
| Nov low C = 24.0
| Dec low C = 23.4
| year low C = 24.02
<!--Rainfall-->
| rain colour = <!--Enter "green" for green rainfall colors, remove this line for blue coloring.-->
<!--IMPORTANT: use only one unit type!-->
| Jan rain mm = 39.9
| Feb rain mm = 19.1
| Mar rain mm = 27.1
| Apr rain mm = 47.7
| May rain mm = 117.9
| Jun rain mm = 255.2
| Jul rain mm = 313.2
| Aug rain mm = 363.7
| Sep rain mm = 266.8
| Oct rain mm = 264.1
| Nov rain mm = 174.8
| Dec rain mm = 64.2
| year rain mm = 1953.7
<!--Average daily % humidity-->
| humidity colour = green
| Jan humidity = 82
| Feb humidity = 80
| Mar humidity = 75
| Apr humidity = 73
| May humidity = 77
| Jun humidity = 82
| Jul humidity = 85
| Aug humidity = 85
| Sep humidity = 85
| Oct humidity = 84
| Nov humidity = 84
| Dec humidity = 83
| year humidity = 81.25
<!--Mandatory fields, source-->
| source 1 = {{Cite web |url=http://www.climate-charts.com/Locations/p/PH98637.php |title=Climate (Average Weather) Data |publisher=Climate-Charts.com |access-date=March 13, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511142023/http://www.climate-charts.com/Locations/p/PH98637.php |archive-date=May 11, 2011 |url-status=dead }}
| date     = March 2011}}<!--Infobox ends-->

==Demographics==
{{Philippine Census
| align= none
| cols = 3
| title= Population census of {{PH wikidata|name}}
| 1903 = {{PH census population|1903}}
| 1918 = {{PH census population|1918}}
| 1939 = {{PH census population|1939}}
| 1948 = {{PH census population|1948}}
| 1960 = {{PH census population|1960}}
| 1970 = {{PH census population|1970}}
| 1975 = {{PH census population|1975}}
| 1980 = {{PH census population|1980}}
| 1990 = {{PH census population|1990}}
| 1995 = {{PH census population|1995}}
| 2000 = {{PH census population|2000}}
| 2007 = {{PH census population|2007}}
| 2010 = {{PH census population|2010}}
| 2015 = {{PH census population|2015}}
| 2020 = {{PH census population|2020}}
| 2024 = {{PH census population|2024}}
| 2030 = 
| footnote = ''Excluding Iloilo City''<br/>Source: Philippine Statistics Authority{{PH census|2015|06}}{{PH census|2010|06}}{{PH census|2010}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Philippines Census Of Population of all LGUs 1903-2007 |url=https://archive.org/download/PhilippinesCensusofPopulationLGUs19032007 |website=archive.org |publisher=Philippine Statistics Authority |access-date=February 14, 2017 |language=en}}</ref>
}}

The population of Iloilo in the 2020 census was 2,051,899 people,{{PH census|current|06}} with a density of {{convert|{{sigfig|2,051,899/5,000.83|2}}|PD/km2|disp=or}}. If the highly urbanized [[Iloilo City|city of Iloilo]] is included for statistical purposes, the province's total population is 2,509,525 people, with a density of {{Pop density|2509525|5079.17|km2|mi2|prec=0}}.

People from Iloilo are called [[Ilonggo people|Ilonggos]]. There are three local languages used in the province: [[Hiligaynon language|Hiligaynon (Ilonggo)]], [[Kinaray-a language|Kinaray-a]] and [[Capiznon language|Capiznon]]. Hiligaynon and dialects/variants of it are spoken in [[Iloilo City]] and in some towns of the province, especially to the northeast. [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]] and [[English language|English]] are widely used as administrative, educational, and commercial languages.

===Language===
[[File:The Ten Commandments in Hiligaynon at Molo Church, Iloilo.jpg|thumb|left|The Ten Commandments in [[Hiligaynon language|Hiligaynon]], the predominant language of [[Panay]]]]

{{bar box
| title    = Languages Spoken (2000)<ref>[https://archive.today/20140903164558/http://www.census.gov.ph/content/over-one-and-half-million-persons-iloilo Table 5. Household Population by Ethnicity and Sex: Iloilo, 2000]</ref>
| titlebar = #f99
| left1    = Language
| right1   = Speakers
| float    = right
| bars     = 
{{bar pixel|[[Hiligaynon language|Hiligaynon]]|Red|86.3||899,108}}
{{bar pixel|[[Kinaray-a]]|Violet|12.09||148,307}}
{{bar pixel|[[Capiznon language|Capiznon]]|Yellow|0.19||2,913}}
{{bar pixel|[[Visayan languages|Other Visayan languages]]|Pink|0.18||2,731}}
{{bar pixel|Others|Green|0.76||11,815}}
{{bar pixel|Not Reported|Brown|0.49||7,596}}
}}

[[Hiligaynon language|Hiligaynon]] is concentrated in the [[city of Iloilo]] and surrounding areas, as well as the northeastern portion of the province,<ref>and {{cite web |url=http://ilongo.weebly.com/languages-of-iloilo.html |title=Languages of Iloilo - Research Center for Iloilo |access-date=October 18, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130215105301/http://ilongo.weebly.com/languages-of-iloilo.html |archive-date=February 15, 2013 }}</ref> [[Guimaras]] and the [[Negros Island]] (especially in [[Negros Occidental]] and to a lesser extent in [[Negros Oriental]]), as well as the provinces of [[South Cotabato]], [[Sultan Kudarat]], and [[North Cotabato]] in [[Soccsksargen]], [[Mindanao]]. It is also spoken in the neighboring provinces, such as [[Capiz]], [[Antique (province)|Antique]], [[Aklan]], [[Masbate]], [[Palawan]] and [[Romblon]] as well as in some parts of [[Maguindanao del Norte]] and [[Maguindanao del Sur]]. It is also spoken as a second language by [[Cebuano language|Cebuano speakers]] in [[Negros Oriental]], [[Kinaray-a language|Kinaray-a speakers]] in [[Antique (province)|Antique]], [[Aklanon language|Aklanon/Malaynon speakers]] in [[Aklan]], and [[Capiznon language|Capiznon speakers]] in [[Capiz]], and also spoken and/or understood by speakers of Cebuano, [[Ilocano language|Ilocano]], [[Maguindanao language|Maguindanaon]], [[Blaan language|B'laan]], [[Tboli language|T'boli]] and other both native and non-native ethnic languages in Soccksargen, Mindanao.

The language is referred to as ''Ilonggo'' in Iloilo and [[Negros Occidental]]. More precisely, Ilonggo is an ethno-linguistic group referring to the people living in southeastern [[Panay]] and its associated culture. The boundaries of the language called Ilonggo and that called Hiligaynon are unclear. The disagreement of which name is correct extends to [[Philippine languages|Philippine language]] specialists and native laypeople.

===Religion===
Iloilo is a Roman Catholic-predominated province comprising about 87% of the population. Independent Catholic and Protestant churches also exist such as members of [[Iglesia Filipina Independiente]] or Aglipayan Church, Baptists, Presbyterians, Methodists, Adventists, and other Evangelical Christians; There are also non-Protestant and other Christian sects such as Iglesia Ni Cristo, Church of Christ of Latter day Saints (Mormons) and Jehovah's Witnesses while non-Christians are usually represented by Muslims, and to a lesser extent, Buddhists and Hindus.
{{clear left}}

==Economy==
{{stack|float=left|{{PH poverty incidence}}}}
[[File:Iloilo Mandurriao overlooking from Balaan Bukid (Iloilo City; 01-25-2023) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Iloilo City, the economic center of the province and the whole island of Panay.]]
Iloilo is one of the most competitive provinces in the Philippines, recognized for its strong economy, resilience, and effective governance.{{citation needed|date=October 2025}} This collaboration has resulted in an [[economic boom]] that has generated thousands of jobs and propelled the province to become one of the richest in the country.{{citation needed|date=October 2025}}

Its capital, Iloilo City, is one of the largest cities in the country in terms of economic activity.{{citation needed|date=October 2025}} It serves as the economic center of the province and supports a wide range of industries and services, including real estate, accommodation, healthcare, education, retail, business, and IT/BPO sectors.{{citation needed|date=October 2025}} It also functions as a key port for domestic and international trade. The city's diverse economy significantly contributes to the overall development of the province.

Metro Iloilo, which includes the neighboring municipalities of Pavia, Oton, Leganes, and Santa Barbara, also plays a significant role in the province's economy. Pavia is known as an agricultural-industrial center, combining farming with industrial developments, and is also recognized for its commercial centers and residential developments. Oton contributes with its agricultural production and emerging retail sector, and will soon host the largest [[central business district]] (CBD) in Iloilo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=BrandRoom |first=INQUIRER net |date=2022-11-10 |title=Georgia by Vista Estates: Iloilo's biggest lifestyle destination |url=https://business.inquirer.net/371969/georgia-by-vista-estates-iloilos-biggest-lifestyle-destination |access-date=2024-09-02 |website=INQUIRER.net |language=en}}</ref> Leganes is notable for its light industries and hosts the province's first agro-industrial economic zone, contributing to both agriculture and light manufacturing.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Agro-industrial economic zone to rise in Iloilo |url=https://mb.com.ph/2022/10/26/agro-industrial-economic-zone-to-rise-in-iloilo/ |access-date=2024-09-02 |website=Manila Bulletin |language=en}}</ref> Santa Barbara is known for its historical sites and a growing tourism industry.

The northern part of Iloilo is notable for its robust fishing industry and expanding tourism sector, benefiting from its proximity to the [[Visayan Sea]] and natural attractions like beaches and marine reserves. The central part of the province functions as an agri-industrial hub, producing a variety of agricultural products such as corn, rice, bananas, pineapples, and sugar. The highland areas, including [[Bucari]] in Leon and [[Alimodian]], are known for high-value crops like strawberries and mangoes, and offer tourism opportunities through inland resorts and trekking sites.

The sugar industry is a key economic driver in Passi City and nearby towns like Lambunao, Dueñas, San Enrique, and Bingawan. In southern Iloilo, the economy is largely driven by tourism, with historical sites, colonial architecture, and coastal attractions in towns such as Tigbauan, Guimbal, Miagao, and San Joaquin playing a significant role in the local economy.{{clear left}}

==Government==
The government of Iloilo was established in 1566 when the Spanish settled a colonial center in Ogtong (now [[Oton]]). Control was later shifted to La Villa Rica de Arevalo (now [[Arevalo, Iloilo City]]) in 1581, which also served as the seat of the Spanish Government overseeing vast territories encompassing Iloilo, [[Capiz]], [[Aklan]], [[Antique (province)|Antique]], and surrounding islands such as [[Negros]], [[Guimaras]], [[Cuyo, Palawan|Cuyo]], [[Palawan]], [[Caluya]], [[Romblon]], and [[Boracay]]. Over time, these territories gained independence. By 1616, the seat of government was transferred to La Punta, now known as [[Iloilo City Proper]]. This relocation marked a significant increase in colonial power, and the city's economy boomed, making it the largest in the Philippines after Manila during the [[History of the Philippines (1565–1898)|Spanish period]] until the [[History of the Philippines (1898–1946)|American period]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://vicilongo.weebly.com/iloilo-history-part-2.html|title=Iloilo History Part 2|website=Research Center for Iloilo}}</ref>

{{multiple image
<!-- Essential parameters -->| align             = right
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| image1            = Iloilo Provincial Capitol (Bonifacio Drive, Iloilo City; 10-21-2022).jpg
| caption1          = [[Iloilo Provincial Capitol]] is the seat of government of the province of Iloilo
| image2            = Iloilo Provincial Capitol Casa Real, Arroyo Fountain (Bonifacio Drive, Iloilo City; 10-22-2022).jpg
| caption2          = [[Casa Real de Iloilo]], former seat of the Iloilo provincial government
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}}

The [[Governor of Iloilo]] serves as the local chief executive of the province, with the official office located at the [[Iloilo Provincial Capitol]]. Historically, the governor, along with the [[Alcalde mayor|alcalde-mayor]] and [[Municipal president|presidente municipal]], held office at the [[Casa Real de Iloilo]] from 1869 until 2006, when the larger capitol building adjacent to it was completed.
* [[Governor of Iloilo|Governor]]: [[Arthur Defensor Jr.|Arthur R. Defensor, Jr.]]
* Vice Governor: Nathalie Ann F. Debuque

===[[Provincial board]] members===
{{col-begin|width=70%}}
{{col-break}}
1st District:
* Rica Jane L. Garin
* Jo Ann B. Germinanda

2nd District:
* June S. Mondejar
* Rolito C. Cajilig

3rd District:
* Mark P. Palabrica
* Jason R. Gonzales

{{col-break}}
4th District:
* Rolando B. Distura
* Dominic Paul C. Oso

5th District:
* Nielito C. Tupas
* Rolex T. Suplico

Ex-officio Board Members:
* PCL President: Jo Jan Paul J. Peñol
* LNB President: Amalia Victoria F. Debuque
* PPSK President: Esara Andica A. Javier
{{col-end}}

===District Representatives===
* 1st District: [[Janette Garin|Janette L. Garin]]
* 2nd District: Kathryn Joyce F. Gorriceta
* 3rd District: [[Lorenz Defensor|Lorenz R. Defensor]]
* 4th District: [[Ferjenel Biron|Ferjenel G. Biron]]
* 5th District: Binky April M. Tupas

==Culture==
[[File:Maravillas Garden, Santa Barbara, Iloilo, Aug 2024.jpg|thumb|Maravillas Garden in Santa Barbara]]
The old buildings in downtown Iloilo showcase the influence of Spanish architecture, reflecting the historical presence of the Spaniards in the region. However, even before the arrival of the Mexicans, Spaniards, and other Europeans, Iloilo had already established trade relations with ancient [[Indonesians]], [[Malaysians]] and [[Vietnamese people|Vietnamese]], [[People of India|Indian]], [[Arab people|Arab]], [[Han Chinese|Chinese]], [[Korean people|Korean]] and [[Japanese people|Japanese]] merchants. The Spanish government encouraged foreign merchants to trade in Iloilo, although they were not granted land ownership privileges. Over time, intermarriage between foreign merchants, Spaniards, and the locals led to the emergence of the Mestizo class, who eventually became the ruling class of the Ilonggos, known as the [[Principalía]].

Iloilo is also home to two of the nation's cultural minorities: the [[Suludnon|Sulod-Bukidnon]] and the [[Ati people|Ati]]. These indigenous groups contribute to the cultural diversity of the province and add to its vibrant tapestry of traditions and customs.

=== Festivals ===
{{See also|Iloilo City#Festivals}}
[[File:Dinagyang Tribe Warriors.jpg|thumb|[[Dinagyang|Dinagyang Festival]], one of the largest festivals in the Philippines.]]

Iloilo is dubbed as the "Festival Capital of the Philippines" with various renowned festivals in the country celebrated in the province. The [[Dinagyang Festival]] is the most popular and largest festival in Iloilo, held every January in honor of the Santo Niño in Iloilo City. It features elaborate street dancing, vibrant costumes, and a festive atmosphere that attracts both locals and tourists. The [[Kasadyahan Festival]], which is celebrated during the Dinagyang, is a competition among cultural festivals from different parts of Iloilo and Western Visayas. The [[Paraw Regatta Festival]] is another significant event, celebrating the traditional sailboats known as ''[[paraw]]s''. This festival includes boat races, cultural presentations, and various activities showcasing the maritime culture of Iloilo. [[Jaro Fiesta]], held every February, is a religious and cultural celebration in honor of the [[Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria de Jaro|Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria]] (Our Lady of Candles), featuring processions, a grand fair, and traditional performances. The [[Pintados de Pasi]] is a cultural festival honors the tribal tradition of body painting known as ''[[pintados]]'' in [[Passi City]]''.''

Every municipality, barangay, and district in the province and city of Iloilo, has its own cultural, social, and religious festivals. Many of these festivals hold religious significance, honoring [[Deity|deities]], [[saint]]s, or important religious events. Others commemorate historical milestones such as independence days, national holidays, or significant local happenings. Some festivals focus on social bonding, bringing people together and fostering a strong sense of community.

=== Cuisine ===
{{See also|Iloilo City#Cuisine}}
[[File:Lapaz Batchoy close-up (Lapaz Public Market, Iloilo City; 01-26-2023).jpg|thumb|[[La Paz Batchoy]], one of the most popular dishes from Iloilo.]]

Its capital city, Iloilo City has been recognized as a [[UNESCO]] [[City of Gastronomy|Creative City of Gastronomy]]. It is renowned for its distinctive and flavorful cuisine including [[La Paz Batchoy]], a hearty noodle soup with pork innards, liver, and crunchy ''[[Chicharrón|chicharon]]''. [[Pancit Molo]], a dumpling soup named after the [[Molo, Iloilo City|Molo district]], features wonton-style dumplings in a savory broth. Iloilo is also known for its [[Biscocho]], a type of toasted bread topped with butter and sugar, and [[Barquillo]]s, thin rolled wafers that are delightfully crispy. Seafood is abundant, and dishes like Grilled Talaba (oysters) and Kinilaw (raw fish marinated in vinegar and spices) are local favorites. Another local item is [[siopao]], a steamed bun with a variety of fillings. Tinuom, a native dish of Cabatuan, is made up of native chickens seasoned with onions, tomatoes and lemon grass (tanglad) wrapped in banana leaves.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-12-01 |title=What is Tinuom? – Municipality of Cabatuan |url=https://cabatuan.gov.ph/2019/12/01/what-is-tinuom/ |access-date=2024-07-13 |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Baye baye]], a well-known local dish of Pavia, made from grated young [[coconut]] mixed with either newly harvested rice (''[[pinipig]]'') or corn and shaped into patties.<ref>{{cite web |title=Baye-Baye |url=http://www.globalpinoy.com/ch/ch_category.php?category=pinoydeli&name=Baye-Baye&table=ch_pinoydeli&startpage=1&endpage=15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070419113409/http://www.globalpinoy.com/ch/ch_category.php?category=pinoydeli&name=Baye-Baye&table=ch_pinoydeli&startpage=1&endpage=15 |archive-date=April 19, 2007 |access-date=September 29, 2013 |url-status=usurped |work=Globalpinoy.com}}</ref>

==Tourism==

=== Heritage sites ===
{{See also|Iloilo City#Architecture}}
As a leading province during the Spanish Colonial Era, the province of Iloilo is widely known for its old world architecture similar to that of Latin American Countries. Spanish colonial churches are amongst the well-known tourist sites in the province, including the [[Miagao Church|Miag-ao Church]], a [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]], features an [[Aztec architecture|Aztec]]-[[Baroque architecture|Baroque]] inspired design with intricate Filipino botanicals carved into its façade. The [[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic]]-[[Renaissance Revival architecture|Renaissance]] [[Molo Church]] was used as a watchtower and is known for its classical and gothic details, often referred to as the 'feminist church' due to the female saints lining its interior. [[Jaro Cathedral]] boasts a [[Neo-Romanesque]] style with a distinctive [[Jaro Belfry|bell tower]] located across a street from the church. [[Cabatuan, Iloilo#San Nicholas de Tolentino Church|Cabatuan Church]], the largest red brick structure in the Visayas, is known for its [[Neoclassical architecture|Neoclassic]] design and three facades. [[San Jose Church (Iloilo)|San Jose Church]] in front of [[Plaza Libertad]] is considered the oldest church in Iloilo City, known for its [[Byzantine architecture|Byzantine]]-Neoclassic architecture and for houses the replica of [[Santo Niño de Cebú]], the patron saint of the [[Dinagyang|Dinagyang Festival]]. Plaza Libertad is the historic plaza where the flag of the first Philippine Republic was raised after Spain surrendered Iloilo to revolutionary forces on December 25, 1898.

The [[San Joaquin Church (Iloilo)|San Joaquin Church]] features a large pediment with a sculptural relief of the Spanish victory in the [[Battle of Tétouan|Battle of Tetuan]], making it a [[National Cultural Treasure of the Philippines|National Cultural Treasure]] along with [[San Joaquin Campo Santo]], a Roman Catholic cemetery with a Spanish Baroque mortuary chapel. [[Passi, Iloilo#St. William the Hermit of Maleval Parish Church|Passi City Church]] is a fortress church with massive buttresses built to replace earlier structures destroyed by natural disasters. The [[Casa Real de Iloilo]], a National Historical Site, once served as the capitol when the civil government of Iloilo was founded in 1901. [[Santa Barbara Church, Santa Barbara, Iloilo|Santa Barbara Church]], known as the "Cradle of Independence" in Panay and the Visayas, was the site of [[General Martin Delgado]]'s junta leading to the first Cry of Revolution against the Spaniards outside Luzon. The [[Calle Real, Iloilo|Calle Real Heritage District]] houses numerous old colonial buildings, including the [[Eusebio Villanueva Building]], formerly known as the International Hotel. The [[Iloilo Golf and Country Club]], the oldest golf course in Southeast Asia, was established in the 1850s by British Vice Consul [[Nicholas Loney]], known as the "Father of the Philippine Sugar Industry."<gallery mode="packed" heights="120">
File:Church of Santo Tomas de Villanueva Miagao, Iloilo.jpg|The [[Miag-ao Church]] is one of the [[Baroque Churches of the Philippines]].
File:Campo Santo de San Joaquin.jpg|The [[San Joaquin Campo Santo]] is one of the oldest and well preserved [[List of cemeteries in the Philippines|cemeteries in the Philippines]].
File:Santa Barbara Church Iloilo 2.jpg|The [[Santa Barbara Church, Santa Barbara, Iloilo|Santa Barbara Church]] is one of the [[List of National Cultural Treasures in the Philippines|National Cultural Tresures]] in Iloilo.
</gallery>

=== Natural attractions ===
The province also boasts a variety of natural attractions including [[Bucari]], situated in the highlands of [[Leon, Iloilo|Leon]], is known as the "Summer Capital of Iloilo" due to its cool climate and highland attractions. [[Bulabog Putian National Park]], a protected rainforest area within [[San Enrique, Iloilo|San Enrique]] and [[Dingle, Iloilo|Dingle]], features diverse [[flora]] and [[fauna]], and over 30 caves, making it a popular eco-tourism destination in the province. Mount Napulak in [[Igbaras]], one of the highest mountains in Iloilo, is the most popular mountain for hikers in the province. The [[Islas de Gigantes]], known for island-hopping adventures, is an island group off the shores of [[Carles, Iloilo|Carles]] renowned for its white sand beaches, clear waters, lagoons, and rock formations. [[Cabugao Island|Cabugao Gamay]] is the most popular island in the archipelago, features two white sand beaches that forms like a sandbar connecting two islets. [[Sicogon Island]], another island in Carles south of the Islas de Gigantes, is a [[resort island]] developed by [[Ayala Land, Inc.]]<gallery mode="packed" heights="120">
File:Isla de Gigantes beach.jpg|Antonia Beach in the [[Gigantes Islands]].
File:Gigantes Island.jpg|[[Cabugao Island|Cabugao Gamay Island]], a selfie island in Islas de Gigantes.
File:Mountain range view of Mt. Napulak trail.jpg|[[Igbaras|Mount Napulak]], a popular mountain for hikers.
</gallery>

==Infrastructure==

===Iloilo International Airport===
{{main|Iloilo International Airport}}
[[File:Iloilo International Airport Panorama (cropped).jpg|thumb|Iloilo International Airport terminal building.]]
The airport serves the Province of Iloilo, including its capital city, Iloilo City, the regional center of the Western Visayas region in the Philippines. It opened its doors to commercial traffic on June 14, 2007, after a decade of planning and construction located at Cabatuan, Iloilo, replacing [[Mandurriao Airport]] in [[Mandurriao|Mandurriao, Iloilo City]] and inherited its IATA and ICAO airport codes from its predecessor. The fourth-busiest airport in the Philippines, it is the first airport in both Western Visayas and the island of Panay to be built to international standards, and one of the four airports in the region planned to be an international gateway. It is one of two international airports in Western Visayas, the others being [[Kalibo International Airport]].

==== Sicogon Airport ====
{{main|Sicogon Airport}}

The airport serves tourists to the island of Sicogon in Carles, Iloilo. The airport has been redeveloped and opened in 2018. Charter flights to and from Sicogon to [[Metro Manila|Manila]] and vice versa took place in late 2018. It is located in Barangay San Fernando on the island.

===Iloilo Port Complex===
{{main|Port of Iloilo}}
[[File:Iloilo International Port (Lapuz, Iloilo City; 10-22-2022).jpg|thumb|[[Visayas Container Terminal]] in Iloilo International Port]]
The Port of Iloilo, considered the leader of trade and a commercial hub for Western Visayas is also one of the safest natural seaports in the Philippines. The Iloilo Commercial Port Complex is located on 20.8 hectares of reclaimed land. It includes 11,400 sq. meters of open space for operations, supplemented by an area of 97,000 sq. meters, a crane, rails of 348 lineal meters; roll-on-roll-off support; a 7,800 container freight stations; and a 720 sq. meter passenger shed. The port complex is ideal for ships plying international routes having a berth length of 400 meters, a width of 26.26 meters and a berthing depth of 10.50 meters.

A number of shipping companies use the Port of Iloilo, including Lorenzo Shipping Corporation, 2GO, Amigo Shipping Company, New Panay Shipping Company, Sulpicio Lines, and Trans-Asia Shipping Lines Inc. Fast ferries serve Iloilo-Bacolod routes eight times daily. 2GO inter-island, overnight ferries serve longer routes, going to Manila, Bacolod, Cebu, Zamboanga and Cagayan de Oro City. Pumpboat ferries cross the Iloilo Strait to Guimaras constantly during the day and on special trips at night.

Roll-on/roll-off ferry service, known as RO-RO, is available between Iloilo City and Guimaras, but the ro-ro to Negros is available from Dumangas, Iloilo including ro-ro from Iloilo to Palawan.

It is ranked third in terms of ship calls at 11,853, fourth in cargo throughout at 491,719 million metric tons and fourth in passenger traffic at 2.4 million annually.

=== Panay–Guimaras–Negros Bridge ===
{{main|Iloilo–Guimaras–Negros–Cebu Link Bridge}}
The Iloilo–Guimaras Bridge, a component of the larger [[Panay-Guimaras-Negros Bridge]] project, is currently undergoing a feasibility study and is scheduled to begin construction in 2025. Once completed, it will reconnect Iloilo to its former sub-province of Guimaras.

=== Iloilo–Capiz–Aklan Expressway ===
{{main|Iloilo–Capiz–Aklan Expressway}}
The Iloilo-Capiz-Aklan Expressway (ICAEx) is a proposed expressway on the island of Panay that will link the provinces of Iloilo, Capiz, and Aklan. Its entry point will be located in Leganes, where the proposed approach of the Panay-Guimaras Bridge, a component of the [[Panay-Guimaras-Negros Bridge]] project, is situated.

=== Panay Railways ===
{{main|Panay Railways}}
Panay Railways has been proposed for revival to restore its defunct rail connections between Iloilo City and several key destinations in the province and across Panay, including Passi, Roxas, Kalibo, Malay (Aklan), and San Jose (Antique). The railway previously had stations in Iloilo City and Santa Barbara, in Iloilo province.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Guardian |first=Daily |date=2022-03-23 |title=Panay Railways chief open to foreign ownership to rehab defunct rail system |url=https://dailyguardian.com.ph/panay-railways-chief-open-to-foreign-ownership-to-rehab-defunct-rail-system/ |access-date=2024-08-06 |website=Daily Guardian |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Accessibility==
[[File:Festive Walk Transport Hub.jpg|thumb|Festive Walk Transport Hub and the [[Premium Point-to-Point Bus Service|Premium Point-to-Point (P2P) Bus]] servicing Iloilo City to Iloilo International, Kalibo International, and [[Godofredo P. Ramos Airport|Caticlan]] Airports and vice versa.]]
Iloilo is one of the most accessible provinces in the Philippines. Iloilo can be reached by plane on regular commercial international flights from Hong Kong and Singapore to the Iloilo International Airport. Direct domestic flights connect Iloilo to other major cities in the Philippines including Manila, Cebu, Davao, General Santos, Puerto Princesa, Zamboanga and Cagayan de Oro. Direct ferry routes and roll-on roll-off connections on the Philippines’ nautical highway are also available between Iloilo and all other major cities in the country.

By plane, travel time to the Iloilo takes around 1 hour from Manila, 30 minutes from Cebu, 2 hours and 30 minutes from Hong Kong, and 3 hours and 30 minutes from Singapore. By direct ferry, Iloilo is approximately 1.5 hours away from Bacolod, and 15 minutes away from Guimaras. By land, Iloilo is around 4–5 hours away from Boracay, 3 hours away from Kalibo, and 2 hours away from Roxas City.

===Iloilo transportation gateways===

'''Iloilo International Airport''' – The Iloilo International Airport is the primary gateway to Iloilo. It serves regularly scheduled direct domestic flights to Iloilo from major Philippine airlines including Manila, Cebu, Davao, General Santos, Puerto Princesa, and Cagayan de Oro. The airport also serves international flights from Iloilo to Hong Kong and Singapore. Flights to Iloilo are served by Cebu Pacific, Philippine Airlines, PAL Express, and TigerAir. The Iloilo Airport is located approximately 19 kilometers or 20 minutes away by taxi from Iloilo City.

'''Iloilo Seaports''' – Ferries in Iloilo depart and arrive at various seaports in Iloilo City and Iloilo Province depending on the route and vessel type. (1) Ferry terminals along the Iloilo River in Lapuz district, Iloilo City serves fastcraft ferries to and from Bacolod, RORO ferries to and from Guimaras, and ferries to and from Palawan. (2) The Iloilo Domestic Port in Fort San Pedro, Iloilo City Proper, serves shipping companies with routes to and from Manila, Cebu, Cagayan de Oro, and Zamboanga.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.exploreiloilo.com/guide/iloilo-transportation/|title=How to Get to and Around Iloilo|website=Explore Iloilo}}</ref>

==Universities and colleges==
{{Main|List of universities and colleges in Iloilo|List of colleges and universities in the Philippines|}}
[[File:University of San Agustin Herrera Hall (Gen. Luna, Iloilo City; 01-27-2023).jpg|thumb|Herrera Hall at the [[University of San Agustin]], the first university in Western Visayas.]]
The province of Iloilo, including the city of Iloilo, is a major center of education in the Western Visayas region. It is home to one of the largest numbers of universities in the country, with a total of ten major institutions. Two notable universities are also set to open new campuses in the city and province of Iloilo: the [[University of St. La Salle]] in Pavia and [[National University (Philippines)|National University]] in Mandurriao, Iloilo City.

Universities:
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Central Philippine University]], Jaro, Iloilo City
* [[Iloilo Science and Technology University]], La Paz, Iloilo City (with branch campuses in Barotac Nuevo, Leon and Miag-ao)
* [[Iloilo State University of Science and Technology]], Barotac Nuevo (with branch campuses in Dingle, Dumangas, and San Enrique)
* [[John B. Lacson Foundation Maritime University]], Molo, Iloilo City (with branch campus in Arevalo, Iloilo City)
* [[Northern Iloilo State University]], Estancia (with branch campuses in Ajuy, Barotac Viejo, Batad, Concepcion, Lemery, and Sara)
* [[St. Paul University Iloilo]], Iloilo City Proper
* [[University of Iloilo]], Iloilo City Proper
* [[University of San Agustin]], Iloilo City Proper (with branch campus in Jaro, Iloilo City)
* [[University of the Philippines Visayas]], Iloilo City Proper and Miag-ao (Main Campus)
* [[West Visayas State University]], La Paz, Iloilo City (with branch campuses in Calinog, Janiuay, Lambunao/CAF, Lambunao/East, and Pototan){{Div col end}}

Colleges:
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* ABBA Institute of Technology, Iloilo City Proper
* [[ACSI College Iloilo]], Iloilo City Proper
* ABE International Business College (Iloilo campus), Iloilo City Proper
* AMA Computer College (Iloilo campus), Iloilo City Proper
* Asian College of Aeronautics, Jaro, Iloilo City
* [[Cabalum Western College]], Iloilo City Proper
* [[Colegio de San Jose]], Jaro, Iloilo City
* [[Colegio del Sagrado Corazon de Jesus]], Iloilo City Proper
* Computer College of the Visayas, Iloilo City Proper
* De Paul College, Jaro, Iloilo City
* FAST Aviation Academy Inc. Iloilo, Jaro, Iloilo City
* Gov. Angel Medina Foundation College, Passi City
* Great Saviour College, La Paz, Iloilo City
* [[Hua Siong College of Iloilo]], Iloilo City Proper
* Iloilo City Community College, Molo, Iloilo City
* [[Iloilo Doctors' College]], Molo, Iloilo City
* Iloilo Doctors' College of Medicine, Molo, Iloilo City
* [[Iloilo State College of Fisheries]], Barotac Nuevo
* Iloilo Technical College, Iloilo City Proper
* Integrated Midwives Association of the Philippines Foundation School of Midwifery, La Paz, Iloilo City
* Interface Computer College (Iloilo campus), Iloilo City Proper
* Leon Ganzon Polythechnic College, Balasan
* New Lucena Polytechnic College, New Lucena
* Passi City College, Passi City
* Philippine College of Aeronautics, Science and Technology, Jaro, Iloilo City
*Pius XII College Iloilo, Jaro, Iloilo City
* St. Anne College of Iloilo, Mandurriao, Iloilo City
* [[St. Therese – MTC colleges]], Molo, Iloilo City (with branch campuses in La Paz, Iloilo City and Tigbauan)
* St. Vincent College of Science and Technology, Leganes
* [[St. Vincent Ferrer Seminary]], Jaro, Iloilo City
* [[STI College]] (Iloilo campus), Iloilo City Proper
* St. Vincent College of Business and Accountancy, Pototan
* Santa Isabel College of Iloilo City, Mandurriao, Iloilo City
* [[Western Institute of Technology (Philippines)|Western Institute of Technology]], La Paz, Iloilo City
{{Div col end}}

Special Schools:
*SPED-Integrated School for Exceptional Children, Iloilo City Proper

==Sports==
Iloilo is home to two professional sports teams. [[Kaya F.C.–Iloilo]] competes in the [[Philippines Football League]] (PFL), the highest tier of Philippine football. The club relocated to the province in 2018. Kaya has won 3 PFL titles, 3 [[Copa Paulino Alcantara]], and 1 [[UFL Cup]]. Kaya has also competed in the [[AFC Champions League]] and the [[AFC Cup]]. The [[Iloilo United Royals]] compete in the [[Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League]], joining as an expansion team in the [[2019–20 MPBL season|2019–20 season]].

==Media==
{{main|List of television and radio stations in Iloilo City}}

Iloilo City is home to regional television stations of GMA Network (GMA TV6 & GMA News TV 28), TV5 (UHF 36 & AksyonTV 46), Solar channels (9TV TV-4) ETC UHF 32 & 2nd Avenue UHF 24), IBC (VHF 12), (BEAM UHF 26) and ABS-CBN (ABS-CBN TV10, ABS-CBN Sports+Action (UHF 38)).

==Notable people==
{{main|List of people from Iloilo}}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{GeoGroup}}
* {{Commons category-inline}}
* {{wikivoyage inline|Iloilo (province)}}
* {{OSM relation|1506774}}
* [http://www.iloilo.net.ph/ Iloilo Travel Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180113102350/http://www.iloilo.net.ph/ |date=January 13, 2018 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071012022204/http://www.iloilo.gov.ph/ Republic of the Philippines: Official website of the Provincial Government of Iloilo]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120413163013/http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp Philippine Standard Geographic Code]

{{Geographic location
| Centre = Iloilo
| N      = [[Capiz]]
| E      = ''[[Visayan Sea]]''
| SE     = ''[[Guimaras Strait]]'' / [[Negros Occidental]]
| S      = ''[[Panay Gulf]], [[Iloilo Strait]]''<br/>[[Guimaras]]
| W      = [[Antique (province)|Antique]]
}}

{{Iloilo|state=expanded}}
{{Navboxes
| title = Articles related to Iloilo
| list1 = 
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}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Iloilo| ]]
[[Category:Provinces of the Philippines]]
[[Category:Provinces of Western Visayas]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1566]]
[[Category:1566 establishments in the Philippines]]