View source for Independent Labour Party (Manitoba, 1920)

{{hatnote|Prior to 1920, there were a number of groups in Winnipeg which called themselves the "Independent Labour Party".  For information on these groups, see [[Independent Labour Party (Manitoba, 1895)]].}}
{{More citations needed|date=October 2023}}

The '''Independent Labour Party''' was the leading [[social-democratic]] party in the Canadian province of [[Manitoba]] prior to the emergence of the [[Co-operative Commonwealth Federation]].  Several of its candidates were elected to the [[Legislative Assembly of Manitoba]] and it counted federal [[Member of Parliament (Canada)|Members of Parliament]] [[J.&nbsp;S. Woodsworth]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mills |first=Allen |date=1980 |title=Single Tax, Socialism and the Independent Labour Party of Manitoba: The Political Ideas of F.J. Dixon and S J. Farmer |url=https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/llt/1980-v5-llt_5/llt5art02/ |journal=Labour/Le Travail |language=en |volume=5 |pages=50 |doi=10.2307/25139947 |jstor=25139947 |issn=0700-3862|url-access=subscription }}</ref> and [[A.&nbsp;A. Heaps]] among its members.

The ILP was founded in December 1920 by disgruntled members of the [[Dominion Labour Party (in Manitoba)|Dominion Labour Party]], who left that organization when it was taken over by rightist elements.  Like the DLP, the ILP was a reformist labour group, and often had hostile relations with parties further to the left. In the [[1920 Manitoba general election|provincial election of 1920]], the combined efforts of reformist labourites and socialists resulted in eleven leftists being elected to the Manitoba legislature.  Most of these [[Member of the Legislative Assembly|Members of the Legislative Assembly]] (MLAs), including parliamentary leader [[Fred Dixon (politician)|Fred Dixon]], were part of the exodus from the DLP to the ILP later in the year.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mills |first=Allen |date=1980 |title=Single Tax, Socialism and the Independent Labour Party of Manitoba: The Political Ideas of F.J. Dixon and S J. Farmer |url=https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/llt/1980-v5-llt_5/llt5art02/ |journal=Labour/Le Travail |language=en |volume=5 |pages=36 |doi=10.2307/25139947 |jstor=25139947 |issn=0700-3862|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

The ILP took six seats in the [[1922 Manitoba general election|election of 1922]], and Dixon resigned from the legislature in 1923 following a family tragedy.  He was replaced as party leader by [[John Queen]], formerly of the [[Social Democratic Party of Canada]]. Support for left-wing and labour parties declined throughout Canada in the late 1920s.  Queen led the ILP through the elections of 1927, winning three seats.

The party's fortunes improved during the Depression, and the ILP took five seats in [[1932 Manitoba general election|1932]]. [[Seymour Farmer]] became leader of the ILP in 1935.

The ILP never affiliated with the [[Canadian Labour Party]].  Initially, this was because the rightist DLP leadership had affiliated itself with the CLP soon after the exodus of ILP members.  There were attempts at a compromise, but divisions between DLP and ILP members were too strong to overcome and the ILP refused to join the "national" organization as such.  Later, the ILP would remain out of the CLP due to the large number of [[communism|communists]] who joined the latter group in the 1920s.  (The CLP was, in any case, a fairly weak organization in Manitoba, and the ILP leaders had little incentive to merge with their smaller rival.)

The ILP had a complicated relationship with the [[Co-operative Commonwealth Federation]] (CCF) in the 1930s.  The CCF was formed in 1932 to expand the parliamentary left's support base beyond the urban working class, and many in the ILP were suspicious of this.  The parties nevertheless became aligned in 1933, at a time when [[Manitoba Co-operative Commonwealth Federation|the CCF organization in the province]] was weak.  In three years, the CCF had developed its own identity and was less willing to support the ILP's demands for autonomy.

The party was referred to as "ILP-CCF" during the provincial election of 1936, against the opposition of some traditional ILP supporters.  Following the election (in which the party won seven seats), a group of disgruntled ILP members succeeded in temporarily disaffiliating the parties.  Pressure from [[David Lewis (Canadian politician)|David Lewis]] and [[J.&nbsp;S. Woodsworth]] brought about a realignment, but the ILP's relationship with the CCF remained shakey until the early 1940s, when CCF loyalists took over the ILP's internal organization.  These divisions were especially noticeable at the start of the [[Second World War]]: the ILP supported an all-out war effort, whereas the CCF favoured conscription of "wealth before men".

The ILP organization officially disbanded in 1943.  It had been superseded by the CCF some time earlier.

==Party leaders==

# [[Fred Dixon (politician)|Fred Dixon]]  1921–1923
# [[John Queen]]  1923–1935
# [[Seymour Farmer]]  1935–1943

All leaders were selected by party caucus, seemingly without opposition.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==See also==
{{Portal|Canada|Politics|Organized labour|Socialism}}
* [[Labour candidates and parties in Canada]]
* [[List of political parties in Manitoba]]
* [[Manitoba Labour Party]]
* [[Winnipeg Labour Party]]

[[Category:1920 establishments in Manitoba]]
[[Category:1943 disestablishments in Manitoba]]
[[Category:Defunct political parties in Canada]]
[[Category:Labour parties in Canada]]
[[Category:Political parties disestablished in 1943]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1920]]
[[Category:Provincial political parties in Manitoba]]
[[Category:Socialist parties in Canada]]
[[Category:Socialism in Manitoba]]