View source for Ipomoea

{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}}
{{More medical citations needed|date=November 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Ipomoea pes-tigridis, Corbett TR, September 2013. AJT Johnsingh. DSCN8264.jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Ipomoea pes-tigridis]]'', the [[type species]] of the genus
| taxon = Ipomoea
| authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]] 1753<ref name="GRIN">{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?6064 |title=Genus: ''Ipomoea'' L. |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |date=5 October 2007 |access-date=10 November 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528154450/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?6064 |archive-date=28 May 2010 }}</ref>
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = More than 600, see [[List of Ipomoea species|list]]
| synonyms_ref =<ref>{{cite web |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:325789-2#synonyms |title=''Ipomoea'' L. |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2017 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date=15 July 2020 }}</ref>
| synonyms = {{collapsible list |
*''Acmostemon'' <small>Pilg.</small>
*''Adamboe'' <small>Raf.</small>
*''Amphione'' <small>Raf.</small>
*''Apopleumon'' <small>Raf.</small>
*''Batatas'' <small>Choisy</small>
*''Bombycospermum'' <small>J.Presl</small>
*''Bonanox'' <small>Raf.</small>
*''Calboa'' <small>Cav.</small>
*''Calonyction'' <small>Choisy</small>
*''Calycanthemum'' <small>Klotzsch</small>
*''Cleiemera'' <small>Raf.</small>
*''Cleiostoma'' <small>Raf.</small>
*''Clitocyamos'' <small>St.-Lag.</small>
*''Coiladena'' <small>Raf.</small>
*''Convolvuloides'' <small>Moench</small>
*''Decaloba'' <small>Raf.</small>
*''Diatrema'' <small>Raf.</small>
*''Diatremis'' <small>Raf.</small>
*''Dimerodiscus'' <small>Gagnep.</small>
*''Doxema'' <small>Raf.</small>
*''Elythrostamna'' <small>Bojer ex Desjardins</small>
*''Euryloma'' <small>Raf.</small>
*''Exallosis'' <small>Raf.</small>
*''Exocroa'' <small>Raf.</small>
*''Exogonium'' <small>Choisy</small>
*''Fraxima'' <small>Raf.</small>
*''Gynoisa'' <small>Raf.</small>
*''Isypus'' <small>Raf.</small>
*''Kolofonia'' <small>Raf.</small>
*''Lariospermum'' <small>Raf.</small>
*''Latrienda'' <small>Raf.</small>
*''Legendrea'' <small>Webb & Berthel.</small>
*''Leptocallis'' <small>G.Don</small>
*''Macrostemma'' <small>Pers.</small>
*''Marcellia'' <small>Mart. ex Choisy</small>
*''Melascus'' <small>Raf.</small>
*''Milhania'' <small>Neck.</small>
*''Mina'' <small>Cerv.</small>
*''Modesta'' <small>Raf.</small>
*''Morenoa'' <small>La Llave</small>
*''Navipomoea'' <small>(Roberty) Roberty</small>
*''Neorthosis'' <small>Raf.</small>
*''Nil'' <small>Medik.</small>
*''Ornithosperma'' <small>Raf.</small>
*''Parasitipomoea'' <small>Hayata</small>
*''Pentacrostigma'' <small>K.Afzel.</small>
*''Pharbitis'' <small>Choisy</small>
*''Plesiagopus'' <small>Raf.</small>
*''Quamoclit'' <small>Mill.</small>
*''Quamoclita'' <small>Raf.</small>
*''Quamoclitia'' <small>Raf.</small>
*''Saccia'' <small>Naudin</small>
*''Stomadena'' <small>Raf.</small>
*''Tereietra'' <small>Raf.</small>
*''Tirtalia'' <small>Raf.</small>
*''Tremasperma'' <small>Raf.</small>
*''Turbina'' <small>Raf.</small>
  }}
}}
[[File:Ipomoea transvaalensis MHNT.BOT.2018.6.13.jpg|thumb|''Ipomoea transvaalensis'']]
[[File:Ipomoea setosa MHNT.BOT.2021.17.17.jpg|thumb|''[[Ipomoea setosa]]'']]
[[File:Ipomoea muricata  MHNT.BOT.2021.17.38.jpg|thumb|''[[Ipomoea muricata]] '']]
[[File:Ipomoea orizabensis MHNT.BOT.2021.17.39.jpg|thumb|''Ipomoea orizabensis'']]
[[File:Ipomoea magnusiana MHNT.BOT.2021.17.40.jpg|thumb|''Ipomoea magnusiana'']]

'''''Ipomoea''''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|ɪ|p|ə|ˈ|m|iː|.|ə|,_|-|oʊ|-}}){{refn|{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Ipomoea |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322185712/https://www.lexico.com/definition/ipomoea |url-status=dead |archive-date=22 March 2020 |title=Ipomoea |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}} }}<ref>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/sunsetwesterngar00suns |title=Sunset Western Garden Book |year=1995 |isbn=9780376038500 |pages=606–07|publisher=Sunset Publishing Corporation }}</ref> is the largest [[genus]] in the plant family [[Convolvulaceae]], with over 600 [[species]]. It is a large and diverse group, with common names including [[morning glory]], [[Ipomoea aquatica|water convolvulus]] or water spinach, [[sweet potato]], [[bindweed]], [[Ipomoea alba|moonflower]], etc.<ref name="Moonflower">{{cite journal|title=moonflower|journal = Brittonia|volume = 24|issue = 2|pages = 150–168|jstor = 2805866|last1 = Gunn|first1 = Charles R.|year = 1972|doi = 10.2307/2805866|s2cid = 44714712}}</ref> The genus occurs throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world, and comprises [[annual plant|annual]] and [[perennial plant|perennial]] [[herbaceous plant]]s, [[liana]]s, [[shrub]]s, and small [[tree]]s; most of the species are twining [[Vine|climbing plants]].

Their most widespread common name is morning glory, but some species in related genera bear that same common name and some ''Ipomoea'' species are known by different common names. Those formerly separated in ''Calonyction''<ref>{{cite journal|title=Calonyction|journal = Brittonia|volume = 24|issue = 2|pages = 150–168|jstor = 2805866|last1 = Gunn|first1 = Charles R.|year = 1972|doi = 10.2307/2805866|s2cid = 44714712}}</ref> ([[Ancient Greek|Greek]] {{lang|grc|καλός}} {{grc-tr|καλός}} "good" and {{lang|grc|νύξ}}, {{lang|grc|νυκτός}} {{grc-tr|νύξ}}, {{grc-tr|νυκτός}}, "night") are called moonflowers.<ref name="Moonflower"/> The name ''Ipomoea'' is derived from the Ancient Greek {{lang|grc|ἴψ}}, meaning {{gloss|[[woodworm]]}}, and {{lang|grc|ὅμοιος}} ({{grc-tr|ὅμοιος}}), meaning "resembling". It refers to their twining habit.<ref name="Austin">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eS7lX_rC3GEC |first=Daniel F. |last=Austin |title=Florida Ethnobotany |publisher=CRC Press |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-8493-2332-4 |page=365}}</ref>

== Uses and ecology ==
Human uses of ''Ipomoea'' include: 
*Most species have small, colorful flowers, and are often grown as [[ornamental plant|ornamentals]], and a number of [[cultivar]]s have been developed. Their deep flowers attract large [[Lepidoptera]] – especially the [[Sphingidae]], such as the [[Agrius cingulata|pink-spotted hawk moth]] (''Agrius cingulata'') – or even [[hummingbird]]s.
*The genus includes [[food]] crops; the [[tuber]]s of [[sweet potato]]es (''I. batatas)'' and the leaves of [[water spinach]] (''I. aquatica'') are commercially important food items, and have been for millennia. The sweet potato is one of the [[Polynesia]]n "[[canoe plants]]", transplanted by settlers on islands throughout the [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]]. Water spinach is used all over eastern Asia and the warmer regions of the Americas as a key component of well-known dishes, such as ''[[Canh chua|canh chua rau muống]]'' (Mekong sour soup) or [[callaloo]]; its numerous local names attest to its popularity. Other species are used on a smaller scale, e.g. the whitestar potato (''[[Ipomoea lacunosa|I. lacunosa]]'') traditionally eaten by some [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native American]]s, such as the [[Chiricahua]] [[Apaches]], or the Australian bush potato (''[[Ipomoea costata|I. costata]]''). The peduncles or seed pods of ''[[Ipomoea muricata]]'' are consumed as a delicacy in the [[India]]n state of [[Kerala]].
*[[Peonidin]], an [[anthocyanidin]] potentially useful as a [[food additive]], is present in significant quantities in the flowers of the 'Heavenly Blue' morning glory [[cultivar]].
*''Ipomoea sepiaria'' is part of the [[Dasapushpam|Dashapushpam]] (Ten sacred flowers) in [[Kerala]] and is known as "''Thiruthali''" in [[Malayalam]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Vijayan Namboothiri, Mini|title='Dashapushpam'- through the looking glasses of Science and Religion|isbn=978-620-0-31860-2|oclc=1197284682}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Uthaman|first1=Ashly|last2=Nair|first2=Sreesha N|date=2017|title=A Review on Ten Sacred Flowers in Kerala: Dasapushpam|journal=Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology|volume=10|issue=5|pages=1555|doi=10.5958/0974-360x.2017.00274.8|issn=0974-3618|doi-access=free}}</ref>
*Moon vine (''[[Ipomoea alba|I. alba]]'') sap was used for [[vulcanization]] of the [[latex]] of ''[[Castilla elastica]]'' (Panama rubber tree, [[Nahuatl]]: ''olicuáhuitl'') to [[rubber]]; as it happens, the rubber tree seems well-suited for the vine to twine upon, and the two species are often found together. As early as 1600 BCE, the [[Olmec]]s produced the balls used in the [[Mesoamerican ballgame]].<ref>[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] Summer Institute in Materials Science and Material Culture: [https://web.mit.edu/org/m/materialculture/www/rubberprocessing.html Rubber Processing in Ancient Mesoamerica]. Retrieved 2007-NOV-22.</ref>
*The root called [[John the Conqueror]] in [[Hoodoo (folk magic)|hoodoo]] and used in lucky and/or sexual [[amulet|charm]]s (though apparently not as a component of [[potion|love potions]], because it is a strong [[laxative]] if ingested) usually seems to be from ''[[Ipomoea jalapa|I. jalapa]]''. The [[testicle]]-like dried tubers are carried as [[amulet]]s and rubbed by the users to gain good luck in [[gambling]] or [[flirting]]. As [[Willie Dixon]] wrote, somewhat tongue-in-cheek, in his song "Rub My Root" (a [[Muddy Waters]] version is titled "My John the Conquer Root"):
<blockquote>
:My pistol may snap, my mojo is frail
:But I rub my root, my luck will never fail
:When I rub my root, my John the Conquer root
:Aww, you know there ain't nothin' she can do, Lord,
:I rub my John the Conquer root</blockquote>

=== As medicine and entheogen ===
{{more citations needed section|date=March 2025}}
[[File:Ergometrine.svg|thumb|left|[[Ergonovine]] (ergometrine)]]

Humans use ''Ipomoea'' spp. for their content of medical and [[psychoactive]] compounds, mainly [[alkaloid]]s.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Nowak |first1=Julia |last2=Woźniakiewicz |first2=Michał |last3=Klepacki |first3=Piotr |last4=Sowa |first4=Anna |last5=Kościelniak |first5=Paweł |date=2016 |title=Identification and determination of ergot alkaloids in Morning Glory cultivars |journal=Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry |volume=408 |issue=12 |pages=3093–3102 |doi=10.1007/s00216-016-9322-5 |issn=1618-2642 |pmc=4830885 |pmid=26873205}}</ref> Some species are renowned for their properties in [[folk medicine]] and [[herbalism]]; for example, Vera Cruz jalap (''[[Ipomoea jalapa|I. jalapa]]'') and Tampico jalap (''[[Ipomoea simulans|I. simulans]]'') are used to produce [[jalap]], a [[cathartic]] preparation accelerating the passage of [[human feces|stool]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=JALAP: Overview, Uses, Side Effects, Precautions, Interactions, Dosing and Reviews |url=https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-288/jalap |access-date=30 May 2024 |website=www.webmd.com |language=en}}</ref> ''[[Kiribadu ala]]'' (giant potato, ''I. mauritiana'') is one of the many ingredients of ''[[chyawanprash]]'', the ancient [[Ayurvedic]] tonic called "the elixir of life"<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 August 2022 |title=CHYAWANPRASH – Ancient Elixir of Life |url=https://www.everest-ayurveda.com/chyawanprash-ancient-elixir-life-6585 |access-date=30 May 2024 |website=Everest Ayurveda |language=en-gb}}</ref> for its wide-ranging properties.

The leaves of ''I. batatas'' are eaten as a vegetable, and have been shown to slow oxygenation of LDLs, with some similar potential health benefits to green tea and grape polyphenols.<ref>{{cite journal | pmc=3082074 | pmid=21562639 | doi=10.3164/jcbn.10-84 | volume=48 | issue=3 | title=Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) leaves suppressed oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) in vitro and in human subjects | year=2011 | journal=J Clin Biochem Nutr | pages=203–8| last1=Nagai | first1=Miu | last2=Tani | first2=Mariko | last3=Kishimoto | first3=Yoshimi | last4=Iizuka | first4=Maki | last5=Saita | first5=Emi | last6=Toyozaki | first6=Miku | last7=Kamiya | first7=Tomoyasu | last8=Ikeguchi | first8=Motoya | last9=Kondo | first9=Kazuo }}</ref>

Other species were and still are used as potentially potent [[entheogen]]s. Seeds of Mexican morning glory (''tlitliltzin, [[Ipomoea tricolor|I. tricolor]]'') were thus used by [[Aztec]]s and [[Zapotec people|Zapotecs]] in [[shaman]]istic and [[priest]]ly [[divination]] rituals, and at least by the former also as a poison, to give the victim a "[[horror trip]]"<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ipomoea coccinea (Mexican Morning Glory, Red Morning Glory, Redstar, Scarlet Creeper) {{!}} North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox |url=https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/ipomoea-coccinea/#poison |access-date=2025-03-28 |website=plants.ces.ncsu.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-04-06 |title=Morning Glory |url=https://pflanzenkunst.wordpress.com/plant-profiles/morning-glory/ |access-date=2025-03-28 |website=Pflanzenkunst |language=en}}</ref> (see also [[Aztec use of entheogens|Aztec entheogenic complex]]). [[Beach Moonflower|Beach moonflower]] (''I. violacea'') was also used thusly, and the [[cultivar]]s called 'Heavenly Blue', touted today for their psychoactive properties, seem to represent an indeterminable assembly of [[Hybrid (biology)|hybrids]] of these two species.[[File:Ergin - Ergine.svg|thumb|right|[[Ergine]] (D-lysergic acid amide)]] [[Ergoline]] alkaloids occur in several Ipomoea species whose seeds host heritable Periglandula fungi. Seeds of I. tricolour and I. purpurea commonly contain lysergamides such as ergine (D- lysergic acid amide, LSA) and its epimer isoergine; other reported alkaloids include lysergol, lysergic acid hydroxyethylamide (LSH), and ergometrine (ergonovine)<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Beaulieu |first1=Wesley T. |last2=Panaccione |first2=Daniel G. |last3=Quach |first3=Quynh N. |last4=Smoot |first4=Katy L. |last5=Clay |first5=Keith |date=2021-12-06 |title=Diversification of ergot alkaloids and heritable fungal symbionts in morning glories |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-021-02870-z |journal=Communications Biology |language=en |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=1362 |doi=10.1038/s42003-021-02870-z |pmid=34873267 |issn=2399-3642|pmc=8648897 }}</ref>

Human data indicate that LSA produces comparatively mild psychedelic effects with prominent sedation; adverse effects frequently include nausea and vasoconstriction.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite journal |last1=Castro |first1=Paula S. C. C. |last2=Leopoldo |first2=Kae |last3=Pedro |first3=Maria Olivia Pozzolo |last4=Takitane |first4=Juliana |last5=Bombana |first5=Henrique Silva |last6=Negrão |first6=André Brooking |last7=Scholz |first7=Jaqueline R. |last8=Castaldelli-Maia |first8=João Maurício |date=2025-07-21 |title=Lysergic Acid Amide (LSA), an LSD Analog: Systematic Review of Pharmacological Effects, Adverse Outcomes, and Therapeutic Potentials |journal=Pharmacy |volume=13 |issue=4 |pages=98 |doi=10.3390/pharmacy13040098 |doi-access=free |issn=2226-4787 |pmc=12286086 |pmid=40700269}}</ref>

Albert Hofmann and colleagues first isolated lysergamides from Rivea corymbosa and Ipomoea seeds and reported early human observations.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hofmann |first=Albert |date=1963-11-22 |title=The Active Principles of the Seeds of Rivea corymbosa and Ipomoea violacea |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/168542 |journal=Botanical Museum Leaflets, Harvard University |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=194–212 |doi=10.5962/p.168542 |issn=0006-8098|doi-access=free }}</ref>

Analytical studies of Ipomoea seeds have generally found ergometrine at lower concentrations than LSA, and note that LSH is labile and can rearrange to LSA during extraction or storage.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Nowak |first1=Julia |last2=Woźniakiewicz |first2=Michał |last3=Klepacki |first3=Piotr |last4=Sowa |first4=Anna |last5=Kościelniak |first5=Paweł |date=May 2016 |title=Identification and determination of ergot alkaloids in Morning Glory cultivars |journal=Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry |volume=408 |issue=12 |pages=3093–3102 |doi=10.1007/s00216-016-9322-5 |issn=1618-2650 |pmc=4830885 |pmid=26873205}}</ref>

The subjective effects of morning glory seeds vary with species, alkaloid profile, preparation and dose.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

Though most often noted as "recreational" drugs, the [[lysergamides]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=PubChem |title=Lysergamide |url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/442072 |access-date=30 May 2024 |website=pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov |language=en}}</ref> are also of medical importance. [[Ergometrine|Ergonovine]] enhances the action of [[oxytocin]], used to still ''[[post partum]]'' bleeding. Ergine induces drowsiness and a relaxed state, so might be useful in treating [[anxiety disorder]]. Whether ''Ipomoea'' species are  useful sources of these compounds remains to be determined. In any case, in some jurisdictions, certain ''Ipomoea'' are regulated, e.g. by the [[Louisiana State Act 159]], which bans cultivation of ''I. violacea'' except for ornamental purposes.
[[File:Koeh-077.jpg|thumb|right|Vera Cruz jalap (''[[Ipomoea purga|I. purga]]'') from [[Köhler's Medicinal Plants|Köhler's ''Medicinal Plants'']]]]

=== Pests and diseases ===
Many [[herbivore]]s avoid morning glories such as ''Ipomoea'', as the high [[alkaloid]] content makes these plants unpalatable, if not [[toxic]]. Nonetheless, ''Ipomoea'' species are used as food plants by the [[caterpillar]]s of certain [[Lepidoptera]] (butterflies and moths). For a selection of diseases of the sweet potato (''I. batatas''), many of which also infect other members of this genus, see [[List of sweet potato diseases]].

=== Pollination ===
The species of ''Ipomoea'' interfere with each other's pollination. Pollen from different species compete in each other's reproductive processes, imposing a [[fitness cost]].<ref name="Weber-Strauss-2016">{{cite journal | last1=Weber | first1=Marjorie G. | last2=Strauss | first2=Sharon Y. | author2-link=Sharon Y. Strauss | title=Coexistence in Close Relatives: Beyond Competition and Reproductive Isolation in Sister Taxa | journal=[[Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics]] | publisher=[[Annual Reviews (publisher)|Annual Reviews]] | volume=47 | issue=1 | year=2016 | issn=1543-592X | doi=10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-112414-054048 | pages=359–381| doi-access=free }}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Sweet potato flower.jpg|''[[Ipomoea batatas]]'' (sweet potato) flower
File:Ipomoea lacunosa1.jpg|Whitestar potato ''[[Ipomoea lacunosa]]''
File:MorningGlory5.jpg|Whitestar potato (''[[Ipomoea lacunosa|I. lacunosa]]'')
File:Ipomoea carnea.jpg|''[[Ipomoea carnea]]'' in Brazil
File:Ipomoea-barbatisepala.jpg|''[[Ipomoea barbatisepala|I. barbatisepala]]''
File:Ipomoea cairica (2).jpg|''[[Ipomoea cairica]]''
File:Wild Morning Glory -- Ipomoea cordatotriloba.jpg|''[[Ipomoea cordatotriloba]]''
File:Starr 050530-7136 Ipomoea indica.jpg|''[[Ipomoea indica]]''
File:Ipomoea macrantha.jpg|''[[Ipomoea macrantha]]''
File:Ipomoea marginata in Hyderabad W IMG 4988.jpg|''[[Ipomoea marginata]]''
File:Ipomoea mauritiana-IMG 5508.jpg|''[[Ipomoea mauritiana]]''
File:Ipomoea nil.jpg|Purple cultivar of ''[[Ipomoea indica]]''
File:Starr 070111-3107 Ipomoea obscura.jpg|''[[Ipomoea obscura]]''
File:Wild Potato Vine - Ipomoea pandurata, Meadowood Farm SRMA, Mason Neck, Virginia.jpg|''[[Ipomoea pandurata]]''
File:Ipomoea pes-caprae - flower view 01.jpg|''[[Ipomoea pes-caprae]]'' in China
File:Ipomoea purpurea (Convolvulaceae) flower 1.JPG|''[[Ipomoea purpurea]]''
File:Saltmarsh Morning-glory (Ipomoea sagittata) - Sanibel Island, FL, USA 03.jpg|''[[Ipomoea sagittata]]'' in Florida
File:Ипомея. Восточная Сибирь.jpg|''[[Ipomoea purpurea]]'', Eastern Siberia
File:Campanitas (in Spanish) (4352689627).jpg| ''[[Ipomoea campanulata]]'', India.
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[List of Ipomoea species|List of ''Ipomoea'' species]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikispecies}}
{{Wiktionary}}
* {{Cite Americana|wstitle=Ipomæa |short=x}}
* [https://www.finegardening.com/design/articles/morning-glory-flowering-vines.aspx Fine Gardening: Morning glories and more]

{{AfricanPlants|Ipomoea}}
{{Ipomoea}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q161173}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Ipomoea| ]]
[[Category:Convolvulaceae genera]]
[[Category:Medicinal plants]]
[[Category:Botanical taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]]
[[Category:Taxa described in 1753]]