View source for Irish Quebecers

{{Infobox ethnic group
|group    = Quebecers of Irish descent
| flag             = Flag of Irish Heritage Quebec.svg
| flag_caption     = Flag of Irish Heritage Quebec<ref>{{cite web |url=https://flagchronicle.com/2025/01/07/irish-heritage-quebec-unveils-new-flag-design-at-annual-meeting/ |title=Irish Heritage Quebec Unveils New Flag Design at Annual Meeting |author=Christopher Eby |date=7 January 2025 |work=The Flag Chronicle |access-date=14 May 2025}}</ref>
|image    = StPatQueens.jpg
|caption  = [[Saint Patrick's Day]] Parade in [[Montreal]].
|total = 446,215<ref name="www12.statcan.gc.ca">{{cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=24&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&Data=Count&SearchText=24&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=3|title = Census Profile, 2016 Census – Quebec &#91;Province&#93; and Canada &#91;Country&#93;|date = 8 February 2017}}</ref>
|total_year = [[2016 Canadian Census|2016]]
|popplace = (Throughout Quebec with significant populations in Montreal and the [[Eastern Townships]]) 
|region1    = [[Montreal]]
|pop1       = 92,145
|ref1       = 
|langs    = [[Quebec English]], [[Quebec French]], [[Irish language|Irish]] (historic)
|rels     = [[Roman Catholicism in Canada|Roman Catholicism]], [[Protestantism in Canada|Protestantism]], [[Irreligion in Canada|Irreligious]]
|related  = [[Irish people|Irish]], [[Irish Canadian]]s, [[English-speaking Quebecer]] 
}}
'''Irish Quebecers''' ({{langx|fr|Irlando-Québécois}}, {{langx|ga|Éireannaigh as Québec}}) are residents of the [[Canadian province]] of [[Quebec]] who have [[Irish people|Irish]] ancestry. In 2016, there were 446,215 Quebecers who identified themselves as having partial or exclusive [[Irish people|Irish]] descent in Quebec, representing 5.46% of the population.

==Demographics==
As of the [[2016 Canadian Census|2016 census]], there were 446,215 Quebecers who identified themselves as Irish representing 5.46% of the population.<ref name="www12.statcan.gc.ca">{{cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=24&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&Data=Count&SearchText=24&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=3|title = Census Profile, 2016 Census – Quebec &#91;Province&#93; and Canada &#91;Country&#93;|date = 8 February 2017}}</ref>

In the city of [[Montreal]], there are 92,145 people of declared Irish heritage.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?|title=Census Profile, 2016 Census – Canada &#91;Country&#93; and Canada &#91;Country&#93;|date=8 February 2017}}</ref>

Irish culture and community organizations are mostly kept alive by the [[English-speaking Quebecer|English-speaking]] population such as the United Irish Societies of Montreal.<ref>[http://www.montrealirishparade.com/about-us/membership United Irish Societies of Montreal Statistics Canada]</ref> Most of the descendents of the Irish population settled in Quebec assimilated into the [[French-speaking Quebecer|French-speaking majority]] population. In the whole province, it's estimated that a third of the population descend from Irish individuals.

Irish traditional dances and music, such as jigs and fiddling are partly an inspiration for [[Music of Quebec|traditionnal dances and music in Quebec]].

==Saint Patrick's Day Parade==
The longest-running [[Saint Patrick's Day]] parade in Canada is held each year in [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]]. The parades have been held since 1824 and have been organized by the United Irish Societies of Montreal since 1929. However, St. Patrick's Day itself has been celebrated in Montreal as far back as 1759 by Irish soldiers in the Montreal Garrison during the British conquest of [[New France]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Montreal's Saint Patrick's Day Parade: History|author=Don Pidgeon|publisher=United Irish Societies of Montreal|date=2007-07-03|url=http://www.montrealirishparade.com/history.htm}}</ref>
 
<gallery>
File:Young Participants in Montreal's St Patrick's Parade.jpg|Young Participants in Montreal's Saint Patrick's Parade
File:Montreal St Patrick parade marshal trying to stay warm.jpg|Montreal Saint Patrick parade marshal trying to stay warm
</gallery>

==History==

=== New France (1608–1763) ===
In the seventeenth century, Irish residing in France were among those sent to colonize the [[Saint Lawrence Valley]] in [[New France]]. After the [[Reformation]], Irish Catholic nobility, soldiers, and clergy would serve Catholic Monarchs in France, Spain, and the [[Low Countries]]. Nearly 35,000 Irish served in the French military in the seventeenth century.  By 1700 there were approximately one hundred Irish-born families among the 2,500 families registered in New France, along with an additional thirty families of mixed Irish and French backgrounds.<ref name="McGowan2">{{cite encyclopedia|author=Mark G. Mcgowan |title=Irish Catholics: Migration, Arrival, and Settlement before the Great Famine |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Canada's Peoples |publisher=Multicultural Canada |access-date=2012-04-25 |url=http://www.multiculturalcanada.ca/Encyclopedia/A-Z/i8/2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307135602/http://multiculturalcanada.ca/Encyclopedia/A-Z/i8/2 |archive-date=2012-03-07 }}</ref><ref>Peter Toner, "[http://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/irish/ Irish Canadians] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070213040917/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0004055 |date=2007-02-13 }}", in ''The Canadian Encyclopedia'', retrieved on February 17, 2008</ref> Only 10 colonists had arrived from Ireland directly.<ref>Jacques Leclerc, "[http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/axl/francophonie/HISTfrQC_s1_Nlle-France.htm La Nouvelle-France (1534–1760). L'implantation du français au Canada] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514050737/http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/axl/francophonie/HISTfrQC_s1_Nlle-France.htm |date=2011-05-14 }}", in ''Aménagement linguistique dans le monde'', TQLF, Université Laval retrieved on February 17, 2008</ref> In the early eighteenth century, many Irish Catholics arrived from New England seeking to practice their religion more freely. During the [[Seven Years' War]], French authorities also encouraged desertion among the Irish serving in the British army in North America.  In 1757, Governor [[Pierre Rigaud de Vaudreuil]] raised an Irish company consisting of deserters and prisoners of war who had served with the enemy British army; this company returned to France after the war.<ref name="McGowan2"/> Most of these Irish soldiers, settlers, and deserters assimilated into French-Canadian society.

===Lower Canada (early 1800s)===
[[Image:Springbrook.jpg|thumb|right|Christ Church of Springbrook Anglican Church in [[Frampton, Quebec]]]]
Overpopulation and the [[enclosure movement]] in Ireland along with established commercial shipping routes between Quebec City and ports in Dublin and Liverpool encouraged large waves of Irish emigration to [[Lower Canada]] starting in 1815.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|author=Mark G. Mcgowan |title=Irish Catholics: Migration, Arrival, and Settlement before the Great Famine |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Canada's Peoples |publisher=Multicultural Canada |access-date=2012-04-25 |url=http://www.multiculturalcanada.ca/Encyclopedia/A-Z/i8/2 |quote=the combination after 1815 of falling prices, population pressures, the inability of tenants to pay rent, the movement to "enclose" lands for pasture, and increased evictions and subsequent landlessness convinced many Irish that there was little future for themselves and their children in rural Ireland. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307135602/http://multiculturalcanada.ca/Encyclopedia/A-Z/i8/2 |archive-date=2012-03-07 }}</ref> Most of these emigrants would come to cities in [[Lower Canada]], establishing Irish communities in Montreal (1817)<ref>{{cite web|author=Don Pidgeon |title=The Continuity of St. Patrick's Parades in Montreal |access-date=2012-05-25 |url=http://www.montrealirishparade.com/about-us/history/historians-corner |quote= In 1817, the beginning of the Irish community here, the observance of St. Patrick's day was marked by special dinners and the celebration of religious services. }}</ref> and Quebec City (1819).<ref>{{cite web
 |title=Saint Patrick's Church: History 
 |access-date=2012-04-25 
 |url=http://www.stpatricksquebec.com/pages/history/history.html#demolition 
 |quote=1819 Celebration of Mass on St. Patrick's Day in Jesuit Chapel – first public expression of social religious life of Irish in Quebec. 
 |url-status=dead 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110426113556/http://www.stpatricksquebec.com/pages/history/history.html 
 |archive-date=2011-04-26 
}}</ref> In Quebec, most Irish Catholics settled close to the harbour in the [[Old Quebec|Lower Town]] working in the shipyards and on the wharves. By 1830, they constituted 7,000 of  32,000 inhabitants. The Montreal population was more transient, attracted to labor in large construction  projects such as the [[Lachine Canal]]  before moving on to [[Upper Canada]] and the United States.  In 1825 Irish Catholics and Protestants constituted about 3,000 people out of a total city population of 25,000 and were about equal in number. Irish Catholics in  formed distinctive neighbourhoods in the western portion of the city  and later in [[Griffintown]] near the Lachine Canal works.<ref name="McGowan2"/> Irish Catholic settlers also opened up new agricultural areas in the recently surveyed [[Eastern Townships]], the  [[Ottawa Valley]], and [[Gatineau]] and [[Pontiac, Quebec|Pontiac]] counties. Irish from Quebec would also settle in communities such as Frampton, Saint Sylvestre, and Saint Patrick in the Beauce region of southeastern Quebec.<ref name=McGowan2 />

Irish became heavily involved in political life and newspaper publishing in Montreal. Many Irish leaders were involved in the [[Parti Canadien]], [[Saint-Jean-Baptiste Society]], and other French Canadian republican patriotic groups involved in the [[Lower Canada Rebellion]] of 1837–1838.<ref>{{cite web|title=Irish radicalism and the Roman Catholic Church in Quebec and Ireland, 1833–1834: O'Callaghan and O'Connell compared |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb6688/is_63/ai_n28698899 }}</ref> The [[St. Patrick's Society of Montreal|Saint Patrick's Society of Montréal]]  was founded in 1834 as an Irish patriotic organization  with a political motive to counter the republican sentiments, with both Catholic and Protestant members sharing values of loyalty to the British Crown. The society vigorously defended the colonial government during the rebellion.<ref>{{cite web|title=Politics and the Irish in Rebellion-era Montréal |publisher=[[Library and Archives Canada]] |date=2008-11-03 |access-date=2012-04-25|url= http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/ireland/033001-2003.02-e.html}}</ref>

=== The Great Irish Famine and Confederation (1840s to 1870s) ===
{{external media |width =180px | float =right | video1 ='''[https://www.historicacanada.ca/productions/minutes/orphans "Orphans"]''' – [[Historica Canada]]. – [[Heritage Minutes]] (1:01 min) }}
[[Canada East]] saw a substantial increase in immigration from [[Ireland]] during the [[Great Irish Famine|Great Irish Famine (1845–1849)]].  In 1847 alone, close to 100 000 arrived in [[Grosse Isle, Quebec|Grosse Isle]], an island in present-day [[Quebec]] which housed the immigration reception station. Thousands died or were treated in the hospital (equipped for fewer than one hundred patients); in fact, many boats that reached Grosse-Île had lost the bulk of their passengers and crew, and many more died in [[quarantine]] on or near the island. From Grosse-Île, most survivors were sent to Montreal.  In 1909, a [[Celtic cross]] was erected on the island to commemorate the tragedy.<ref name=McGowan3>{{cite web|author=Mark G. Mcgowan|title=Migration, Arrival and Settlement: The Great Famine and Beyond|access-date=2012-04-26|url=http://www.multiculturalcanada.ca/Encyclopedia/A-Z/i8/9|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314183010/http://multiculturalcanada.ca/Encyclopedia/A-Z/i8/9|archive-date=2012-03-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= 2008 Irish Studies Symposium: November 3 & 4 Session III: The Irish in Quebec|work=The Shamrock and the Maple Leaf: Irish-Canadian Documentary Heritage at Library and Archives Canada  |url= http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/ireland/033001-1001.03-e.html#anc1}}</ref> Orphaned children were adopted into Quebec families and accordingly became [[French-speaking Quebecer|Québécois]], both linguistically and culturally. Some of these children fought for their right to keep their [[Irish name|Irish surnames]], and were largely successful.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.umanitoba.ca/colleges/st_pauls/ccha/Back%20Issues/CCHA1935-36/Gallagher.html |title=J.A. Gallagher, "The Irish Immigration of 1847" |publisher=Umanitoba.ca |date= |accessdate=2022-08-15}}</ref>

[[File:Patrick Dowd.jpg|left|150px|thumb|Father Patrick Dowd, pastor of Saint Patrick's Church, Montreal]]
In the 1840s and 1850s, Irish immigrants laboured on the [[Victoria Bridge (Montreal)|Victoria Bridge]], living in a tent city at the foot of the bridge (see [[Goose Village, Montreal]]). Here, workers unearthed a mass grave of 6000 Irish immigrants who had died in an earlier typhus epidemic. The Irish Stone remains at the bridge entrance to commemorate the tragedy. The Irish would go on to settle permanently in the close-knit working-class neighbourhoods of [[Pointe-Saint-Charles]] and [[Griffintown]], working in the nearby flour mills, factories, and sugar refineries.<ref name=McGowan2 />

The famine hardened the attitude of Irish Catholics towards the British and Irish Protestants. Irish Catholics would fight fiercely to  preserve a distinct identity from both Quebec Protestants and French Canadian Catholic populations. With the help of Quebec's Irish Catholic Church led by priests such as Father Patrick Dowd, they would establish their own churches, schools, and hospitals.  [[St. Patrick's Basilica, Montreal|St. Patrick's Basilica]] was founded in 1847 and served [[English-speaking Quebecer|Montreal's English-speaking Catholics]] for over a century. The Saint Patrick's Society would be revived as a Catholic organization in 1856.<ref>{{cite web|author=K.J. James, University of Guelph, Ontario |title= Politics and the Irish in Rebellion-era Montréal|url=http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/ireland/033001-2003.02-e.html }}</ref> Distinct English Catholic schools, affiliated with French Catholic school boards, developed in the 1840s and 1850s.

[[File:ThomasDArcyMcGee.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Photo of [[Thomas D'Arcy McGee]], [[Father of Confederation]]]]The famine also radicalized a portion of the Irish population. The [[Fenian]] movement in Ireland and the [[United States]] sought to overthrow [[British rule in Ireland]]. The [[Fenian Brotherhood]] in the United States organized [[Fenian Raids|raids]] across the border into Canada in an attempt to seize control of the British colony. Irish Protestants used the [[Orange Order]] to assert British rule in Ireland and Canada, and espoused anti-Catholic views. [[D'Arcy McGee]], an Irish Montrealer serving as a Cabinet Minister in the [[Great Coalition]] Government, strongly opposed both the Orange Order and Fenians. He worked as a Cabinet Minister within the [[Great Coalition]] government to ensure that the rights of Catholics were protected in the  new [[Canadian Confederation|Confederation]] of provinces in [[British North America]] in 1867. As a result, Catholic school boards became enshrined in the Canadian Constitution in 1867. They were abolished and merged with Protestant schools into English school boards after a Constitutional amendment in 2001. McGee was assassinated by Fenians as a traitor in 1868.

=== Post-Confederation and modern-day Quebec ===
English language Irish Catholic institutions continued to expand in the late 19th and early 20th century. [[Loyola College (Montreal)]] was founded by the [[Jesuits]] to serve Montreal's mostly Irish English-speaking Catholic community in 1896. [[St. Mary's Hospital (Montreal)|Saint Mary's Hospital]] was founded in the 1920s and continues to serve Montreal's present-day [[English-speaking Quebecer|English-speaking population]].{{cn|date=October 2025}}

One of the greatest influences the Irish had and still have on their new compatriots is within music. The [[music of Quebec]] has adopted, and adapted, the Irish [[Reel (dance)|reel]] as its own.{{cn|date=October 2025}}

The [[St. Patrick's Day|Saint Patrick's Day]] parade of [[Montreal, Quebec]] is still the oldest organized large parade of its kind in [[Canada]]. On March 17, 2008, on the 175th anniversary of Montreal's [[St. Patrick's Society of Montreal|St. Patrick Society]], Quebec Premier [[Jean Charest]] announced the creation of the Johnson chair of Irish studies at [[Concordia University (Montreal)|Concordia University]].<ref>[http://cjournal.concordia.ca/archives/20080320/3_million_gift_to_irish_studies.php Concordia Journal] 20 March 2008</ref>

== Famous Irish Quebecers ==
{{div col|colwidth=15em}}
*[[La Bolduc]]
*[[Pat Burns]]
*[[Patrice Bergeron-Cleary]]
*[[Robin Burns]]
*[[Henry Caldwell]]
*[[Jean Charest]]
*[[Jim Corcoran]]
*[[Peter Cullen]]
*[[Georges Dor]]
*Sir [[Edmund James Flynn|Edmund Flynn]]
*[[Frank Hanley]]
*[[Emmett Johns]]
*[[Daniel Johnson, Sr.]]
*[[Daniel Johnson, Jr.]]
*[[Pierre-Marc Johnson]]
*[[Patrick Kennedy (Canadian politician)|Patrick Kennedy]]
*[[Tom Kenny]] (American-born)
*[[Larkin Kerwin|Dr. Larkin Kerwin]]
*[[Joe Malone]]
*[[Paul Martin]] (Ontario-born)
*[[Kate McGarrigle]]
*[[Anna McGarrigle]]
*[[Thomas Mulcair]]
*[[Brian Mulroney]]
*[[Emile Nelligan]] (1879–1941) [[Symbolism (arts)|Symbolist]] [[Poete Maudit]] and iconic figure in [[Canadian literature]]
*[[Edmund Bailey O'Callaghan]]
*[[Marianna O'Gallagher]]
*[[Allan Ross (gangster)|Allan "The Weasel" Ross]] (1944–2018) boss of Montreal's [[West End Gang]] and fifth largest drug lord in the world
*[[Claude Ryan]]
*[[Frank Ryan (gangster)|Frank "Dunie" Ryan]] (1942–1984) [[Irish mob]] boss of Montreal's [[West End Gang]] and [[drug lord]]
*Robert Guy Scully
*[[Kevin O’Leary]]
*[[Kevin Tierney]]
*[[Georges Vanier]]
{{div col end}}

== See also ==
{{Portal|Canada|Ireland}}
* [[List of Irish Quebecers]]
* [[French-speaking Quebecer]]
* [[English-speaking Quebecer]]
* [[Scots-Quebecer]]
*[[Griffintown]]
* [[Culture of Quebec#Republic of Ireland|Irish influence on Quebec culture]]
* [[Reel (dance)|Irish roots of Quebec reel music]]
* [[Irish diaspora]]
** [[Irish Canadians]]
* [[List of Ireland-related topics]]
* [[Republic of Ireland#Culture|Culture of Ireland]]

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

==References==

=== In French ===
* Jolivet, Simon (2014). "Les Irlandais : Une histoire de leur intégration", in Claube Corbo, ed., ''Histoires d'immigrations'', Montréal, Les Presses de l'Université du Québec, à paraître.
* Jolivet, Simon, [[Linda Cardinal]] et Isabelle Matte, eds. (2014). ''Le Québec et l'Irlande. Culture, histoire, identité'', Sillery, Les Éditions du Septentrion, 298 p.
* Jolivet, Simon (2011). ''Le vert et le bleu. Identité québécoise et identité irlandaise au tournant du XXe siècl'', Montréal, Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal, 294 p.
* Jolivet, Simon, "Entre nationalismes irlandais et canadien-français: Les intrigues québécoises de la Self Determination for Ireland League of Canada and Newfoundland", in ''Canadian Historical Review'', Volume 92, Number 1, 2011, pp.&nbsp;43–68.
* Jolivet, Simon, et al., "Premier dossier : Le Québec, l’Irlande et la diaspora irlandaise", in ''Bulletin d'histoire politique'', vol. 18, no 3, 2010.

=== In English ===
* O'Brien, Kathleen. "Language, monuments, and the politics of memory in Quebec and Ireland", in ''Éire-Ireland: A Journal of Irish Studies'', March 22, 2003 ([http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-4157777_ITM online excerpt])
* Burns, Patricia (1998). ''The Shamrock and the Shield : An Oral History of the Irish in Montreal'', Montreal: Véhicule Press, 202 p.&nbsp;{{ISBN|1-55065-109-9}}
* O'Gallagher, Marianna (1998). ''The Shamrock Trail: Tracing the Irish in Quebec City'', Livres Carraig Books, 35 p.&nbsp;{{ISBN|0-9698581-1-6}}
* O'Gallagher, Marianna and Rose Masson Dompierre (1995). ''Eyewitness: Grosse Isle, 1847'', Livres Carraig Books, 432 p.&nbsp;{{ISBN|0-9690805-9-X}}
* Toner, Peter. "[https://web.archive.org/web/20070213040917/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0004055  Irish]", in ''The Canadian Encyclopedia''. Historica Foundation, 2008
* Grace, Robert J. (1993). ''The Irish in Quebec, an introduction to the historiography. Followed by An Annotated Bibliography on the Irish in Quebec'', Institut québécois de recherche sur la culture, 265 p.&nbsp;{{ISBN|2-89224-186-3}}
* O'Driscoll, Robert and [[Lorna Reynolds]] (1988). ''The Untold Story. The Irish in Canada'', Toronto: Celtic Arts of Canada, 1041 p.&nbsp;{{ISBN|0-921745-00-1}}
* Fitzgerald, Margaret E. (1988). ''The Uncounted Irish in Canada and the United States'', Toronto: P.D. Meany Publishers, 377 p.&nbsp;{{ISBN|0-88835-024-4}}
* O'Gallagher, Marianna (1984). ''Grosse Île: Gateway to Canada, 1832–1937'', Carraig Books, 184 p.&nbsp;{{ISBN|0-9690805-3-0}}
* O'Gallagher, Marianna (1981). ''Saint Patrick's Quebec'', Carraig Books, 124 p.&nbsp;{{ISBN|0-9690805-0-6}}
* Guerin, Thomas (1946). ''The Gael in New France'', 134 pages
* O'Farrell, John (1872). ''Irish Families in Ancient Quebec Records with some account of Soldiers from Irish Brigade Regiments of France serving with the Army of Montcalm'', 28 pages – Address delivered at the annual concert and ball of the St. Patrick's Society, Montreal, 15 January 1872 (reprinted 1908, 1967)
* [[Thomas D'Arcy McGee|D'Arcy McGee, Thomas]] (1852). ''A History of the Irish Settlers in North America. From the Earliest Period to the Census of 1850'', Boston: P. Donahoe, 240 p. ([https://books.google.com/books?id=OgMkHi65TWMC online])

== External links ==
* [http://www.montrealirishparade.com United Irish Societies of Montreal – Organizers of Montreal's St Patrick's parade]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090513025436/http://www.mccord-museum.qc.ca/expositions/expositionsXSL.php?lang=1&expoId=55&page=accueil Being Irish O'Quebec], exhibition at McCord Museum
* LAC. "[https://web.archive.org/web/20070408233844/http://www.collectionscanada.ca/ireland/ The Shamrock and the Maple Leaf]", exhibition of Irish-Canadian documentary heritage held by ''[[Library and Archives Canada]]'', updated March 10, 2006
* Gail, Walsh. "[http://members.tripod.com/gail25/que.htm The Irish in Quebec]", in ''The Irish in Canada'' Web site
* Roux, Maryse. [https://web.archive.org/web/20040616094752/http://membres.lycos.fr/evelynebedard/St-Patrice/ À la St-Patrick, tout le monde est irlandais!] (in French)
* McLane, Dennis. [http://www.framptonirish.com The Frampton Irish Website]
* Aubry, Louis. [http://www.bytown.net/brennan.pdf Tec Cornelius: The First Irish Immigrant in Canada], Presentation to the British Isles Family History Society of Greater Ottawa, Conference, 2002
* [http://www.bytown.net/brennan.htm Canada's AUBRY family traced to a BRENNAN who was the first Irish immigrant]
* [http://www.montrealirishparade.com United Irish Societies of Montreal]
* [http://www.stcolumban-irish.com St. Columban-Irish]
* Whyte, Robert. [http://www.torontopubliclibrary.ca/detail.jsp?Entt=RDMDC-37131055426902D&R=DC-37131055426902D The ocean plague; or, A voyage to Quebec in an Irish emigrant vessel, embracing a quarantine at Grosse Isle in 1847. With notes illustrative of the ship-pestilence of that fatal year]. Boston : Coolidge & Wiley, 12 Water Street, 1848. Accessed July 18, 2012, in PDF format.
* [http://www.torontopubliclibrary.ca/detail.jsp?Entt=RDMDC-37131052113743D&R=DC-37131052113743D Constitution of the St. Patrick's Society of Quebec. Established in 1836. Incorporated by Act of Provincial Parliament]. Quebec : Printed by E.S. Pooler, 1850. Accessed July 18, 2012, in PDF format.

{{Irish diaspora}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Quebecers, Irish}}
[[Category:Culture of Quebec]]
[[Category:Canadian people of Irish descent|+]]
[[Category:Quebec people of Irish descent|*]]