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{{more citations needed|date=November 2007}}
{{Infobox Turkey place
| type                 = municipality
| name                 = Isparta
| other_name           = 
| image_skyline        = DaglardanIsparta.jpg
| image_caption        = Isparta seen from a mountain
| image_logo           = Isparta Belediyesi logo.svg
| coordinates          = {{coord|37|45|53|N|30|33|24|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| province             = Isparta
| district             = Isparta
| leader_party         = [[AK Party]]
| leader_name          = Şükrü Başdeğirmen
| area_footnotes       = 
| area_total_km2       = 
| elevation_m          = 1035
| population_footnotes = <ref name=tuik/>
| population_total     = 247580
| population_as_of     = 2022
| postal_code          = 32000
| area_code            = 0246
| website              = {{url|https://www.isparta.bel.tr/}}
}}
'''Isparta''' is a city in western [[Turkey]]. It is the seat of [[Isparta Province]] and [[Isparta District]].<ref name=il>[https://www.e-icisleri.gov.tr/Anasayfa/MulkiIdariBolumleri.aspx İl Belediyesi], Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 1 March 2023.</ref> Its population is 247,580 (2022).<ref name=tuik>{{Cite web |title=Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2022, Favorite Reports|url=https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=95&locale=en |access-date=13 March 2023|publisher=[[TÜİK]]|language=en|format=XLS}}</ref> Its elevation is 1035 m. It is known as the "City of Roses".
Isparta is well-connected to other parts of Turkey via roads. [[Antalya]] lies 130&nbsp;km to the south and [[Eskişehir]] is 350&nbsp;km to the north.
[[Süleyman Demirel University]] has introduced thousands of youths from varied backgrounds to the city's mostly conservative fabric in recent years. The city's [[Association football|football]] team, [[Ispartaspor]], plays in Group 7 of the [[Turkish Regional Amateur League]].
== History ==
[[File:Isparta_museum_Men_a_local_god_2810.jpg|thumb| Men, the local god. Statue in Hellenistic style, Roman period, +/- 2nd century AD in [[Isparta Museum]]]]
===Roman era===
Isparta is a Turkish spelling of Greek ''Sparta'', by [[Prothesis (linguistics)|prothesis]] de[[Consonant cluster|clustering]].<ref>Studies in Etymology and Etiology: With Emphasis on Germanic, Jewish, Romance and Slavic Languages, page 316, by David L. Gold</ref>
Isparta was said to correspond to the ancient city of [[Baris (Pisidia)|Baris]], which is a namesake and was part of the [[Roman province]] of [[Pisidia]].<ref>Encyclopaedia of Islam, First Edition (1913-1936), section "Isparta", Mordtmann, J. H.</ref> A later theory has it instead as the Eastern Roman fortress '''Saporda'''; in Muslim sources it appears as Sabarta.<ref>Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, section "Isparta", Flemming, B.</ref> GE Bean characterized the situation thus: "These perpetually shifting conceptions leave the reader quite bewildered."<ref>Anatolian Studies. Volume 9. 1959. Notes and Inscriptions from Pisidia, Part 1, page 74, by G. E. Bean</ref> Modern scholars locate Baris near [[Kılıç, Keçiborlu|Kılıç]], in [[Keçiborlu]] district, Isparta province.<ref>{{Cite Barrington|65}}</ref><ref>{{Cite DARE|27713}}</ref>
At an early stage it became a [[Christianity|Christian]] [[bishopric]], a [[suffragan]] of the [[Metropolitan see]] of [[Antioch of Pisidia]], the capital of the province. The names of two of its [[bishop]]s are known with certainty: Heraclius participated in the [[First Council of Nicaea]] in 325 and Leo in the [[Second Council of Nicaea]] in 787. In addition, Paulus was at the [[Council of Constantinople (869)]] and Stephanus was at the [[Council of Constantinople (879)]], but one or both of these may have been of the Baris in the Roman province of Hellespontus.<ref>Michel Lequien, [https://books.google.com/books?id=0agp0mJFG_sC ''Oriens christianus in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus''], Paris 1740, Vol. I, coll. 1049–1050</ref><ref>Raymond Janin, v. ''2. Baris'', in [https://booksnow.scholarsportal.info/ebooks/oca2/4/dictionnairedhis06bauduoft/dictionnairedhis06bauduoft.pdf ''Dictionnaire d'Histoire et de Géographie ecclésiastiques''], vol. VI, 1932, col. 808</ref> Like most sees in Asia Minor, it faded away.
<!--(Placeholder, from Encyclopedia of the Orient)-->
*1071: Conquered by the [[Seljuk Turks]].
*Late 13th century: Becomes part of the [[Hamidids]].
*1381: Isparta is sold to the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] sultan [[Murad I]] by the Hamidid Emir.
*Late 19th century: Muslim refugees from the [[Balkans]] settle around Isparta. The Bulgarian refugees brought the knowledge of [[kazanlik]] rosewater production with them, leading to Isparta's nickname: city of roses.
*1914: According to the [[1914 population statistics for the Ottoman Empire|1914 Ottoman population statistics]], the district of Isparta had a total population of 54.465, consisting of 46.698 Muslims, 6.648 [[Ottoman Greeks|Greeks]] and 1.119 [[Armenians in the Ottoman Empire|Armenians]].<ref>[[Kemal Karpat]] (1985), [https://kupdf.net/downloadFile/59e4a7b908bbc56144e653d7 Ottoman Population, 1830-1914, Demographic and Social Characteristics], [[The University of Wisconsin Press]], p. 180-181</ref>
*1923: The [[Greeks|Greek]] inhabitants of the area were forced to move to [[Kingdom of Greece|Greece]] under the [[Greco-Turkish population exchange]].
===Notable flight crashes===
On 19 September 1976, [[Turkish Airlines Flight 452]], a Boeing 727 aircraft, crashed on a hill in Isparta, also known Mount Karatepe, killing all 154 passengers and crew.
On 30 November 2007, [[Atlasjet Flight 4203]] crashed on approach to [[Isparta Süleyman Demirel Airport]], killing all 57 passengers and crew.
==Titular see==
No longer a residential bishopric, 'Baris in Pisidia' is today listed by the [[Catholic Church]] as a [[titular bishopric]], nominal suffragan of [[Nicomedia]],<ref>''Annuario Pontificio 2013'' (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 {{ISBN|978-88-209-9070-1}}), p. 847</ref> since the diocese was nominally restored in 1933: Latin adjective Baren(us) in Pisidia (Latin). It has been vacant for decades, having had the following incumbents, so far of the fitting Episcopal (lowest) rank:<ref>https://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/former/t0281.htm GCatholic</ref>
* Alfred Bertram Leverman (1948.04.24 – 1953.07.27) as [[Auxiliary Bishop]] of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Halifax|Halifax]] ([[Canada]]) (1948.04.24 – 1953.07.27); later Bishop of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint John, New Brunswick|Saint John, New Brunswick]] (Canada) (1953.07.27 – 1968.09.07), emeritate as Titular Bishop of [[Altava]] (1968.09.07 – death 1972.04.28)
* José de Almeida Batista Pereira (1953.12.22 – 1955.11.07) as Auxiliary Bishop of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Niterói|Niterói]] ([[Brazil]]) (1953.12.22 – 1955.11.07), Bishop of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Sete Lagoas|Sete Lagoas]] (Brazil) (1955.11.07 – 1964.04.02), Bishop of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Guaxupé|Guaxupé]] (Brazil) (1964.04.02 – retired 1976.01.16); died 2009
* António Cardoso Cunha (1956.03.09 – 1967.01.10), first as Auxiliary Bishop of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Beja|Beja]] ([[Portugal]]) (1956.03.09 – 1965), then as [[Coadjutor Bishop]] of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Vila Real|Vila Real]] (Portugal) (1965 – 1967.01.10), next succeeded as Bishop of Vila Real (1967.01.10 – retired 1991.01.19), died 2004.
== Economy ==
[[File:Lake_Kovada.jpg|thumb|[[Lake Kovada National Park]], a popular tourism destination in Isparta Province]]
{{main|Carpet weaving in Isparta}}
The main economic activities of Isparta are the production of [[rosewater]] and handmade carpets. Tourism, both local and increasingly international due to "[[pilgrimage|biblical tourism]]", is becoming an important source of revenue.
In the early 20th century, [[Turkish carpets|carpetmaking]] was a major industry in Isparta.<ref name=Prothero110>{{cite book|last=Prothero|first=G. W.|title=Anatolia|year=1920|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |location=London |page=110 |url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11766/view/1/110/}}</ref>
== Climate ==
Isparta has a [[Hot-summer mediterranean climate|Hot-summer Mediterranean climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]]: ''Csa''), or a [[temperate continental climate]] ([[Trewartha climate classification]]: ''Dc''). Winters are chilly, rainy and often snowy, summers are hot and dry. The lakes around the city have an important moderating influence on the climate. Precipitation occurs mostly in the winter months, with a notable decrease in summer.
{{Weather box 
|metric first= Yes 
|single line= Yes 
|location= Isparta (1991–2020, extremes 1929–2023)
| Jan record high C = 17.6
| Feb record high C = 22.5
| Mar record high C = 26.8
| Apr record high C = 29.5
| May record high C = 35.4
| Jun record high C = 36.2
| Jul record high C = 39.2
| Aug record high C = 40.3
| Sep record high C = 37.4
| Oct record high C = 33.5
| Nov record high C = 25.4
| Dec record high C = 20.0
| year record high C = 
| Jan high C = 6.6
| Feb high C = 8.4
| Mar high C = 12.3
| Apr high C = 17.0
| May high C = 22.3
| Jun high C = 27.3
| Jul high C = 31.2
| Aug high C = 31.4
| Sep high C = 27.2
| Oct high C = 21.2
| Nov high C = 14.4
| Dec high C = 8.5
| year high C = 19.0
| Jan mean C = 1.8
| Feb mean C = 3.3
| Mar mean C = 6.6
| Apr mean C = 10.8
| May mean C = 15.6
| Jun mean C = 20.3
| Jul mean C = 24.0
| Aug mean C = 23.9
| Sep mean C = 19.3
| Oct mean C = 13.8
| Nov mean C = 7.7
| Dec mean C = 3.5
| year mean C = 12.5
| Jan low C = -2.1
| Feb low C = -1.1
| Mar low C = 1.3
| Apr low C = 4.8
| May low C = 8.9
| Jun low C = 13.0
| Jul low C = 16.2
| Aug low C = 16.0
| Sep low C = 11.5
| Oct low C = 7.2
| Nov low C = 2.2
| Dec low C = -0.5
| year low C = 6.5
| Jan record low C = -19.2
| Feb record low C = -21.0
| Mar record low C = -18.5
| Apr record low C = -7.7
| May record low C = -1.2
| Jun record low C = 4.3
| Jul record low C = 4.9
| Aug record low C = 7.0
| Sep record low C = -0.8
| Oct record low C = -4.2
| Nov record low C = -11.5
| Dec record low C = -15.4
| year record low C = -21.0
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 70.3
| Feb precipitation mm = 51.5
| Mar precipitation mm = 55.2
| Apr precipitation mm = 51.6
| May precipitation mm = 60.1
| Jun precipitation mm = 30.9
| Jul precipitation mm = 19.3
| Aug precipitation mm = 16.1
| Sep precipitation mm = 20.8
| Oct precipitation mm = 38.5
| Nov precipitation mm = 43.6
| Dec precipitation mm = 68.4
| year precipitation mm = 526.3
| Jan precipitation days = 12.17
| Feb precipitation days = 10.97
| Mar precipitation days = 11.10
| Apr precipitation days = 11.60
| May precipitation days = 12.20
| Jun precipitation days = 7.60
| Jul precipitation days = 3.83
| Aug precipitation days = 4.10
| Sep precipitation days = 4.93
| Oct precipitation days = 7.27
| Nov precipitation days = 7.73
| Dec precipitation days = 11.63
| year precipitation days = 105.1
| Jan snow days  =5.5
| Feb snow days  =5
| Mar snow days  =2.75
| Apr snow days  =0.5
| May snow days  =0
| Jun snow days  =0
| Jul snow days  =0
| Aug snow days  =0
| Sep snow days  =0
| Oct snow days  =0
| Nov snow days  =0.54
| Dec snow days  =2.5
| year snow days =
| Jan humidity    =73.8
| Feb humidity    =69.7
| Mar humidity    =65
| Apr humidity    =62
| May humidity    =60.6
| Jun humidity    =54.4
| Jul humidity    =47.3
| Aug humidity    =48.9
| Sep humidity    =53.7
| Oct humidity    =63.1
| Nov humidity    =68.5
| Dec humidity    =74.8
| year humidity   =
| Jan sun = 115.4
| Feb sun = 136.6
| Mar sun = 178.2
| Apr sun = 202.6
| May sun = 247.6
| Jun sun = 296.2
| Jul sun = 335.9
| Aug sun = 315.6
| Sep sun = 274.1
| Oct sun = 216.1
| Nov sun = 164.0
| Dec sun = 107.9
| year sun = 2590.3
| Jand sun = 3.7
| Febd sun = 4.8
| Mard sun = 5.8
| Aprd sun = 6.8
| Mayd sun = 8.1
| Jund sun = 9.9
| Juld sun = 10.8
| Augd sun = 10.2
| Sepd sun = 9.1
| Octd sun = 7.0
| Novd sun = 5.5
| Decd sun = 3.6
| yeard sun = 7.1 
|source 1 = [[Turkish State Meteorological Service]]<ref name ="TSMS">{{cite web
| url = https://www.mgm.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?k=H&m=ISPARTA
| title = Resmi İstatistikler: İllerimize Ait Mevism Normalleri (1991–2020)
| publisher = Turkish State Meteorological Service
| language = tr
| access-date = 28 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.mgm.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?k=A&m=ISPARTA |title=İllerimize Ait Genel İstatistik Verileri |access-date=8 April 2024 |website=mgm.gov.tr |publisher=Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü |language=Turkish |trans-title=General statistical data for provinces}}</ref>
|source 2 = [[NOAA]](humidity, sun 1991-2020),<ref name ="NCEI">{{cite web | url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Turkiye/CSV/Isparta_17240.csv |format=CSV | title = WMO Climate Normals for 1991-2020: Isparta | publisher = National oceanic and atmospheric administration | access-date = 8 April 2024}}</ref> Meteomanz(snow days 2000-2023)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.meteomanz.com/sy3?l=1&cou=6290&ind=17240&m1=01&y1=2000&m2=12&y2=2023 |title=Isparta - Weather data by months |access-date=17 July 2024 |website=meteomanz}}</ref>
|date= March 2011
}}

== Sights ==
The city lies close to a fault line and is thus prone to violent [[earthquake]]s.
Most of the ancient city was destroyed by an earthquake 1914. So there are only a few historical buildings left. The oldest building is the ''Kutlu Bey Mosque'' (or ''Ulu Camii'', which means great Mosque), built in 1429 by Kutlu Bey, a general of Sultan [[Murad II]]. It was very badly destroyed by the earthquake 1914, but restored 1922.
Famous is the ''Firdevs-Bey-Camii'' (Mosque) (also: ''Firdevs Paşa Camii'', ''Mimar Sinan Camii'') from 1561. The mosque and the neighboring ''Bedesten'' (market hall) are attributed to the architect [[Sinan]]. Badly damaged by earthquake in 1914, it was renovated afterwards.
Most of the churches have been destroyed, only a few remain, especially the ''Aya Payana Church'' (Turkish: ''Aya Baniya Kilisesi''); a Greek-Orthodox church from 1750. In a state of ruin since 1923, the roof was re-covered in 1999. Another renovation is planned but has not yet been carried out (as of 2022)  
<gallery>
File:Isparta Iplik Camii 2472.jpg|Isparta Iplik Camii 
File:Isparta Mimar Sinan (Firdevs Paşa) Cami 2435.jpg|Isparta Mimar Sinan (Firdevs Paşa) Cami 
File:Isparta Mimar Sinan (Firdevs Paşa) Cami 2437.jpg|Isparta Mimar Sinan (Firdevs Paşa) Cami 
File:Isparta; Firdevs Paşa Camii von Süd.jpg|Isparta; Firdevs Paşa Camiye von Süd
File:Isparta Kutlubey Camii aka Ulu Camii 2466.jpg|Isparta Kutlu Bey Camii aka Ulu Camii 
File:Isparta Kutlubey Camii aka Ulu Camii 2457.jpg|Isparta Kutlu Bey Camii aka Ulu Camii 
File:Isparta Kutlubey Camii aka Ulu Camii 2461.jpg|Isparta Kutlu Bey Camii aka Ulu Camii 
</gallery>
The city also has a museum.
<gallery>
File:Isparta museum Early Bronze Age vessels 4945.jpg|Isparta museum Early Bronze Age vessels 
File:Isparta museum Late Archaic stele 2796.jpg|Isparta museum Late Archaic stele 
File:Isparta museum Late Archaic steles 4990.jpg|Isparta museum Late Archaic steles 
File:Isparta museum Eğirdir treasure 4965.jpg|Isparta museum Eğirdir treasure 
File:Isparta museum Anatolian dresses 4973.jpg|Isparta museum Anatolian dresses 
File:Isparta museum church bell 2808.jpg|Isparta museum church bell 
</gallery>
Other sights include:
<gallery>
File:Isparta Atatürk monument 5025.jpg|Isparta Atatürk monument 
File:Süleyman Demirel Heykeli 2481.jpg|Süleyman Demirel Heykeli 
File:Isparta Şehitler Parkı 4928.jpg|Isparta Şehitler Parkı 
File:Isparta Clocktower 2471.jpg|Isparta Clocktower 
File:Isparta Culture and Tourism building 2446.jpg|Isparta Culture and Tourism building 
File:Isparta Provincial Directorate of National Education 2445.jpg|Isparta Provincial Directorate of National Education 
File:Isparta Firdevs Bey Bedesteni 2465.jpg|Isparta Firdevs Bey Bedesteni 
</gallery>
==Notable people==
*[[:tr:Aylin Cesur|Aylin Cesur]], [[Physician|doctor]] and [[politician]]
*[[Erkan Mumcu]], [[politician]] and the former of [[Ministry of National Education (Turkey)|Minister of National Education]], [[Minister of Culture and Tourism (Turkey)]]
*[[Süleyman Demirel]], former [[prime minister of Turkey]] and [[president of Turkey]], was born in the village of Islamköy close to Isparta
*[[:tr:Cahit Berkay|Cahit Berkay]], [[musician]]

==Mayors of Isparta==
* [[1977 Turkish local elections|1984]]-1980 Dogan Kımıllı [[Justice Party (Turkey)|AP]]<ref name="former">{{cite web |title=BAŞKANLARIMIZ |url=https://www.isparta.bel.tr/baskanlarimiz |website=www.isparta.bel.tr |language=tr}}</ref>
* 1980-[[1984 Turkish local elections|1984]] Müslim Sevgi<ref name="former" />
* [[1984 Turkish local elections|1984]]-[[1989 Turkish local elections|1989]] Ziya Zeynelgil [[Motherland Party (Turkey)|ANAP]]
* [[1989 Turkish local elections|1989]]-[[1994 Turkish local elections|1994]] Altan Raşit Civan [[True Path Party|DYP]], [[Refah Party]]
* [[1994 Turkish local elections|1994]]-[[1999 Turkish local elections|1999]] Mehmet Aybatılı [[True Path Party|DYP]]
* [[1999 Turkish local elections|1999]]-[[2004 Turkish local elections|2004]] and [[2009 Turkish local elections|2009]]-[[2019 Turkish local elections|2019]] Yusuf Ziya Günaydın [[Nationalist Movement Party|MHP]]
* [[2004 Turkish local elections|2004]]-[[2009 Turkish local elections|2009]] [[:tr:Hasan Balaman|Hasan Balaman]] [[AK Party]]
* [[2019 Turkish local elections|2019]]-[[present]] Şükrü Başdeğirmen [[AK Party]]

==Twin towns – sister cities==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Turkey}}
Isparta is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:
*{{flagicon|IRN}} [[Hamadan]], Iran <ref>{{cite web |title=خواهرهای ناتنی "همدان" را فراموش کرده‌اند؟|url=https://www.isna.ir/news/98072115518/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%86%DB%8C-%D9%87%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B4-%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF|website=isna.ir|publisher=Iranian Students' News Agency|language=fa|date=13 October 2019|access-date=19 June 2020}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Anatolian Tigers]]
* [[Borani]]
* [[Lake Gölcük (Isparta)|Lake Gölcük]]
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
== Sources and external links ==
{{Wikisource1911Enc|Izbarta}}
* [https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7121325.stm Hunt for clues in Turkish crash]
* [http://www.ispartamiz.com Isparta City Portal – All about Isparta]
* [https://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/former/t0281.htm GCatholic – (titular) bishopric]
* [https://ispartanlik.com Isparta Son Dakika]
{{Isparta District}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Isparta| ]]
[[Category:Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Turkey]]
[[Category:Populated places in Isparta District]]
[[Category:Pisidia]]
[[Category:Provincial municipalities in Turkey]]