View source for Ittihad

{{Short description|Political Party in Azerbaijan}}
{{about|the Azeri party|other uses|Al-Ittihad (disambiguation)}}
{{More citations needed|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox political party
| country          = Azerbaijan
| name             = Ittihad Party
| native_name      = İttihad Firqəsi
| foundation       = {{start date|1917|09}}
| ideology         = [[Pan-Islamism]]<br>Anti [[Pan-Turkism]]<ref>Swietochowski, Tadeusz , "Russian Azerbaijan, 1905–1920:The Shaping of a National Identity in a Muslim Community" ''Cambridge University Press'' (1985), p. 88</ref>
}}
The '''Ittihad Party''' ({{langx|az|İttihad firqəsi}}) was an [[Islamist]] party in the [[Azerbaijan Democratic Republic]] that existed from 1917 to 1920. It was formed after the groups Ganja Ittihad-i Islam and Rusyada Muslumanliq merged in September 1917 in opposition to the secular [[Musavat]], and proposed political unity of all of the [[Muslim]]s within the [[Russian Empire]] (''ittihad'' in [[Arabic language|Arabic]] means "union").<ref>Swietochowski, Tadeusz, "Russian Azerbaijan, 1905–1920:The Shaping of a National Identity in a Muslim Community" ''Cambridge University Press'' (1985), pp. 88-89</ref> In addition to propagating the legalization of the [[Sharia]] law within the Muslim communities, the goal of the Ittihadists was to prevent the formation of independent [[Nation state|nation-states]] by the Muslim ethnic groups of the Russian Empire.<ref>{{in lang|ru}} [http://www.prognosis.ru/news/rdemo/2006/6/13/markedonov.html Azerbaijan: Tolerance under Supervision] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610031209/http://www.prognosis.ru/news/rdemo/2006/6/13/markedonov.html |date=2007-06-10 }} by Sergei Markedonov. ''Prognosis.ru''. June 13, 2006. Retrieved October 25, 2007</ref> In 1918, Ittihad won 11 seats in the [[Parliament of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic|Azerbaijani parliament]], becoming the second largest party in the legislature by number of seats.<ref>Swietochowski, Tadeusz, "Russian Azerbaijan, 1905–1920:The Shaping of a National Identity in a Muslim Community" ''Cambridge University Press'' (1985), p. 145</ref> The Ittihadists' vehement opposition to Musavat, which formed the minority government in Azerbaijan in 1918–1920, led to their collaboration with the [[White Movement|White Russians]] under [[Anton Denikin]]. Upon the defeat of the latter, Ittihad started leaning politically towards the approaching [[Bolsheviks]] who eventually Sovietized Azerbaijan on 28 April 1920. By that time, the Ittihad leaders had made a statement declaring the fulfillment of their goals and urging their members to join the newly formed [[Azerbaijan Communist Party]].<ref>{{in lang|ru}} [http://www.sakharov-center.ru/publications/azrus/az_009.htm Islam in Modern Azerbaijan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016184726/http://www.sakharov-center.ru/publications/azrus/az_009.htm |date=2007-10-16 }} by Ali Abasov.</ref> The leader of the party, Dr. Gara Garabeyov, eventually émigrated to [[Turkey]].{{Citation needed|date=June 2021}}

==See also==
*[[Azerbaijani National Council]]
*[[Musavat]]
*[[Muslim Social Democratic Party]]
* [[Asad bey Amirov]]
* [[Bahram bey Vazirov]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Azerbaijani political parties}}
{{Political activity in Azerbaijan until 1920}}

[[Category:Defunct political parties in Azerbaijan]]
[[Category:Islamic organizations based in Azerbaijan]]
[[Category:Islamism in Asia]]
[[Category:Islamism in Europe]]
[[Category:Political parties in the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic]]
[[Category:Political parties of the Russian Revolution]]
[[Category:Pre-1920 political parties in Azerbaijan]]

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