View source for Jørn Utzon

{{Short description|Danish architect (1918–2008)}}
{{Use Australian English|date=June 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Infobox architect
| name = Jørn Utzon
| image = Jorn Utzon 2000 by Ole Haupt.jpg
| image_size = 
| caption = Utzon in 2000
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1918|04|09}}
| birth_place = [[Copenhagen]], Denmark
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2008|11|29|1918|04|09}}
| death_place = [[Helsingør]], Denmark
| alma_mater = [[Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts]]
| influences = 
| influenced = 
| practice = 
| significant_buildings = [[Sydney Opera House]], [[Bagsværd Church]], [[Kuwait National Assembly Building]]
| significant_projects = 
| significant_design = 
| awards = [[Pritzker Prize]]
| birth_name = Jørn Oberg Utzon
}}

'''Jørn Oberg Utzon''' {{post-nominals|country=AUS|AC}} ({{IPA|da|ˈjɶɐ̯ˀn ˈut.sʌn|lang}}; 9 April 1918{{spaced ndash}}29 November 2008)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2008/dec/01/architecture-denmark-j-oslash-rn-utzon|title=Obituary: Jørn Utzon|last=Sudjic|first=Deyan|date=1 December 2008|work=The Guardian|access-date=18 June 2019|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> was a Danish architect. In 1957, he won an international design competition for his design of the [[Sydney Opera House]] in Australia. Utzon's revised design, which he completed in 1961, was the basis for the landmark, although it was not completed until 1973.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/gallery/2008/dec/01/architecture-australia-utzon-sydney-opera-house|title=Jørn Utzon (1918-2008)|date=1 December 2008|work=The Guardian|access-date=18 June 2019|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref>

When the Sydney Opera House was declared a [[World Heritage Site]] on 28 June 2007, Utzon became only the second person to have received such recognition for one of his works during his lifetime, after [[Oscar Niemeyer]].<ref>{{cite web
 |author=Kathy Marks
 |title=World Heritage honour for 'daring' Sydney Opera House
 |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/australasia/world-heritage-honour-for-daring-sydney-opera-house-455193.html
 |work=[[The Independent]]
 |publisher=[[Independent News & Media]]
 |date=27 June 2007 |access-date=14 September 2009 |author-link=Kathy Marks
 |url-status=dead
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100108032541/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/australasia/world-heritage-honour-for-daring-sydney-opera-house-455193.html
 |archive-date=8 January 2010 }}</ref> Other noteworthy works include [[Bagsværd Church]] near Copenhagen and the [[Kuwait National Assembly Building|National Assembly Building]] in Kuwait. He also made important contributions to housing design, especially with his [[Kingo Houses]] near [[Helsingør]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/home/house-plan-john-pardey-on-jrn-utzons-swedish-housing/8686929.article|title=House Plan: John Pardey on Jørn Utzon's Swedish housing|last=Pardey|first=John|website=Architects Journal|date=30 July 2015|language=en|access-date=18 June 2019}}</ref>

Utzon attended the [[Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts]] (1937–42) and was influenced early on by [[Gunnar Asplund]] and [[Alvar Aalto]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jørn Utzon {{!}} Danish architect|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jorn-Utzon|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=10 May 2020}}</ref>

==Early life and career==
Utzon was born in [[Copenhagen]], the son of a naval architect, and grew up in [[Aalborg]], Denmark, where he became interested in ships and a possible naval career.<ref>{{cite web|title=Thomas Arvid Jaeger: Joern Utzons maritime roots.|url=https://www.academia.edu/3029803|website=Academia.edu}}{{Dead link|date=December 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> As a result of his family's interest in art, from 1937 he attended the [[Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts]] where he studied under [[Kay Fisker]] and [[Steen Eiler Rasmussen]]. Following his graduation in 1942, he joined [[Gunnar Asplund]] in Stockholm where he worked together with [[Arne Jacobsen]] and [[Poul Henningsen]].<ref>[http://www.b.dk/danmark/joern-utzon-visionens-mester Kasper Krogh, "Jørn Utzon – visionens mester"], ''Berlingste Tidende'', 29 November 2008. {{in lang|da}} Retrieved 18 September 2011.</ref> He took a particular interest in the works of American architect [[Frank Lloyd Wright]].<ref name=Weilbach>[https://www.kulturarv.dk/kid/VisWeilbach.do?kunstnerId=11159&wsektion=alle Tobias Faber "Jørn Utzon"], ''Kunstindekx Danmark & Weilbachskunstnerleksikon''. {{in lang|da}} Retrieved 18 September 2011.</ref>
After the end of [[World War II]] and the [[Occupation of Denmark|German Occupation of Denmark]], he returned to Copenhagen.

In 1946 he visited [[Alvar Aalto]] in Helsinki. In 1947–48 he travelled in Europe, in 1948 he went to [[Morocco]] where he was taken by the tall clay buildings. In 1949, he travelled to the United States and [[Mexico]], where the pyramids provided further inspiration. Fascinated by the way the Mayans built towards the sky to get closer to God, he commented that his time in Mexico was "One of the greatest architectural experiences in my life."<ref name=Danishnet/>

In America, he visited Frank Lloyd Wright's home, [[Taliesin West]], in the [[Arizona]] desert<ref name=Telegraph>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/3536087/Jorn-Utzon.html Jorn Utzon from Telegraph], 30 November 2008.</ref> and met [[Charles and Ray Eames]].<ref name=Danishnet>[http://www.danishnet.com/info.php/business/jorn-utzon-74.html "Jørn Utzon (1918–2008)"], ''Danishnet.com''. Retrieved 18 September 2011.</ref> In 1950 he established his own studio in Copenhagen<ref>{{cite web|url=http://famedarchitect.com/jorn-utzon/|title=Jørn Utzon|publisher=Famous Architects|access-date=20 June 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100710230741/http://famedarchitect.com/jorn-utzon/|archive-date=10 July 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> and, in 1952, built an open-plan [[Utzon's House in Hellebæk|house for himself]], the first of its kind in Denmark.  In 1957, he travelled first to China (where he was particularly interested in the Chinese desire for harmony), Japan (where he learnt much about the interaction between interiors and exteriors) and [[India]], before arriving in Australia in 1957 where he stayed until 1966.<ref name=Weilbach/> All this contributed to Utzon's understanding of factors which contribute to successful architectural design.<ref name=Times/>

==Architectural approach==

Utzon had a Nordic sense of concern for nature which, in his design, emphasized the synthesis of form, material and function for social values. His fascination with the architectural legacies of the ancient Mayas, the Islamic world, China, and Japan also informed his practice.<ref>[http://vbn.aau.dk/files/18037260/Kyoto-paper.pdf Adrian Carter, "Between Earth and Sky: The work of Jørn Utzon, as an exemplary phenomenological approach to modern architecture made concrete."] Retrieved 25 September 2011.</ref> This developed into what Utzon later referred to as [[Additive Architecture]], comparing his approach to the growth patterns of nature.<ref>[http://www.edition-blondal.dk/logbook-v/ Richard Weston on ''Additive Architecture, Jorn Utzon, Logbook Vol V''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315052524/http://www.edition-blondal.dk/logbook-v/ |date=15 March 2012 }}, Edition Bløndal. Retrieved 25 September 2011.</ref>
A design can grow like a tree, he explained: "If it grows naturally, the architecture will look after itself."<ref name=Times>"Jørn Utzon: Danish architect who designed the Sydney Opera House", ''The Times'', 1 December 2008.</ref>

==Sydney Opera House==
[[File:SydneyOperaHouse.jpg|thumb|320px|Sydney Opera House]]
[[File:06 Sydney Opera House, Australia.jpg|thumb|320px|Sydney Opera House - side view]]
In 1957, Utzon unexpectedly won the [[Architectural design competition|competition]] to design the [[Sydney Opera House]]. His submission was one of 233 designs from 32 countries, many of them from the most famous architects of the time.<ref name=Danishnet/> Although he had won six other architectural competitions previously, the Opera House was his first non-domestic project.  One of the judges, [[Eero Saarinen]], described it as "genius" and declared he could not endorse any other choice.<ref name=Telegraph/>

The designs Utzon submitted were little more than preliminary drawings. [[Emory Kemp]]'s consulting career began at [[Ove Arup]], where, he conducted analytical calculations for the roof, noting this was no simple task, as Utzon's sketches were designed to embellish the beauty of the international landmark, not necessarily for simple mathematics.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Howe |first1=Barb |title=Dr. Emory L. Kemp: A West Virginia Preservation Pioneer |url=http://www.wvculture.org/goldenseal/Spring17/Kemp.html |website=WV Dept. of Culture & History |access-date=10 September 2020 |archive-date=3 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003094941/http://www.wvculture.org/goldenseal/Spring17/Kemp.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Concerned that delays would lead to lack of public support, the [[Joseph Cahill|Cahill]] [[Government of New South Wales]] nonetheless gave the go-ahead for work to begin in 1958. The British engineering consultancy [[Ove Arup & Partners]] put out tenders without adequate working drawings and construction work began on 2 March 1959. As a result, the podium columns were not strong enough to support the roof and had to be rebuilt. The situation was complicated by Cahill's death in October 1959.<ref name=Times/><ref>[http://acms.sl.nsw.gov.au/item/itemDetailPaged.aspx?itemID=41166 "Utzon, Jorn, 1918–2008: Jorn Utzon Sydney Opera House collection, 1956–1967"], ''State Library of New South Wales''. Retrieved 18 September 2011.</ref>

The extraordinary structure of the shells themselves represented a puzzle for the engineers.  This was not resolved until 1961, when Utzon himself finally came up with the solution.  He replaced the original elliptical shells with a design based on complex sections of a sphere. Utzon says his design was inspired by the simple act of peeling an orange: the 14 shells of the building, if combined, would form a perfect sphere.<ref name=Danishnet/>

Although Utzon had spectacular, innovative plans for the interior of these halls, he was unable to realise this part of his design. In mid-1965, the New South Wales Liberal government of [[Robert Askin]] was elected. Askin had been a 'vocal critic of the project prior to gaining office.'<ref name="Farelly 2008">[http://www.canberratimes.com.au/news/national/national/general/high-noon-at-bennelong-point/1374056.aspx?storypage=0 Farrelly, Elizabeth, "High noon at Bennelong Point"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203041426/http://www.canberratimes.com.au/news/national/national/general/high-noon-at-bennelong-point/1374056.aspx?storypage=0 |date=3 December 2008 }}, ''Canberra Times''. Retrieved 21 September 2011.</ref> His new Minister for Public Works, [[Davis Hughes]], was even less sympathetic. [[Elizabeth Farrelly]], Australian architecture critic has written that
{{blockquote|text=at an election night dinner party in [[Mosman]], Hughes' daughter Sue Burgoyne boasted that her father would soon sack Utzon. Hughes had no interest in art, architecture or aesthetics. A fraud, as well as a philistine, he had been exposed before Parliament and dumped as Country Party leader for 19 years of falsely claiming a university degree. The Opera House gave Hughes a second chance. For him, as for Utzon, it was all about control; about the triumph of homegrown mediocrity over foreign genius.<ref name="Farelly 2008"/>}}

Utzon soon found himself in conflict with the new Minister. Attempting to rein in the [[escalating cost]] of the project, Hughes began questioning Utzon's capability, his designs, schedules and cost estimates, refusing to pay running costs. In 1966, after a final request from Utzon that plywood manufacturer Ralph Symonds should be one of the suppliers for the roof structure was refused, he resigned from the job, closed his Sydney office and vowed never to return to Australia.<ref name=Times/> When Utzon left, the shells were almost complete, and costs amounted to only $22.9&nbsp;million.  Following major changes to the original plans for the interiors, costs finally rose to $103&nbsp;million.<ref name="Danishnet"/>

The Opera House was finally completed in 1973 and [[Elizabeth II]] attended its opening. Utzon was invited to the opening ceremony by the Premier and while pleased by the invitation, he declined commenting "I cannot be a guest of the Government of New South Wales and at the same time criticize one of its ministers".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Power |first=Julie |date=2023-06-30 |title=As the Sydney Opera House turns 50, a letter exposes the real drama behind its shells |url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/as-the-sydney-opera-house-turns-50-a-letter-exposes-the-real-drama-behind-its-shells-20230628-p5dk33.html |access-date=2023-08-16 |website=The Sydney Morning Herald |language=en}}</ref> He was, however, to be recognised later when he was asked to design updates to the interior of the opera house. The Utzon Room, overlooking Sydney Harbour, was officially dedicated in October 2004. In a statement at the time Utzon wrote: "The fact that I'm mentioned in such a marvellous way, it gives me the greatest pleasure and satisfaction. I don't think you can give me more joy as the architect. It supersedes any medal of any kind that I could get and have got."  Furthermore, [[Frank Gehry]], one of the [[Pritzker Architecture Prize|Pritzker Prize]] judges, commented: "Utzon made a building well ahead of its time, far ahead of available technology, and he persevered through extraordinarily malicious publicity and negative criticism to build a building that changed the image of an entire country."<ref name=LAT>[http://www.latimes.com/news/obituaries/la-me-utzon30-2008nov30,0,6278913.story Christopher Hawthorne, "Jorn Utzon dies at 90; Danish architect of Sydney Opera House"], ''Los Angeles Times'', 30 November 2008. Retrieved 18 September 2011.</ref>

==Works in Denmark==
[[File:Jørn utzon, bagsværd kirke - bagsvaerd church, copenhagen 1967-1976 (5958688179).jpg|thumb|Bagsværd Church near Copenhagen (1968–1976)]]

While some of Utzon's most notable works are spread around the globe, he was most prolific in his native Denmark, whose landscape inspired him more than any other. [[Bagsværd Church]], just north of Copenhagen, is considered to be a masterpiece of contemporary church architecture, thanks to its bright, naturally illuminated interior and its concrete ceiling straddled with softly-rounded vaulting inspired by clouds.<ref name=DAC>[http://www.dac.dk/visKanonVaerk.asp?artikelID=2520 "Bagsværd Kirke (1976)"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313041148/http://www.dac.dk/visKanonVaerk.asp?artikelID=2520 |date=13 March 2012 }}, ''Dansk Arkitektur Center''. {{in lang|da}} Retrieved 15 September 2011.</ref> Designed in 1968, the church was completed in 1976. In the church there is a grand piano by [[Steingraeber & Söhne|Steingraeber]] designed by Utzon.<ref>[http://www.arkitekturforskning.net/tidsskrift/2005/2005_2/Asgaard%20A.pdf Michael Asgaard Andersen, "Revisiting Utzon's Bagsværd Church"]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ''Nordisk Arkitekturforskning''. 2005: 2, p. 95 et seq.  Retrieved 16 September 2011.</ref> The [[Kingo Houses]] in [[Helsingør]] (1958) consist of 63 L-shaped homes based on the design of traditional Danish farmhouses with central courtyards.<ref>Møller, Henrik Sten and Udsen, Vibe: ''Jørn Utzon Houses'', Living Architecture Publishing, Copenhagen, {{ISBN|87-987597-3-6}}</ref> Built in rows following the undulations of the site, each of the houses not only has a view of its own but enjoys the best possible conditions for sunlight and shelter from the wind. Utzon described the arrangement as "flowers on the branch of a cherry tree, each turning towards the sun."<ref name=pritzker>[http://www.pritzkerprize.com/laureates/2003/_downloads/2003_bio.pdf "Jørn Utzon, 2003 laureate, Biography"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101222045219/http://pritzkerprize.com/laureates/2003/_downloads/2003_bio.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://pritzkerprize.com/laureates/2003/_downloads/2003_bio.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live |date=22 December 2010 }}, ''PritzkerPrize.com''. Retrieved 17 September 2011.</ref> In general, Utzon's houses display sophisticated and varied relationships to the path of the sun.<ref>{{cite web
| title = Jørn Utzon's sun-responsive houses
| date = 13 September 2014
| publisher = solarhousehistory.com
| url = http://solarhousehistory.com/blog/2014/9/13/jrn-utzons-sun-responsive-houses}}</ref>

A few years later, he went on to design the [[Fredensborg Houses]] (1963) for Danish pensioners who had worked for long periods abroad. Utzon helped select the site, and planned a complex consisting of 47 courtyard homes and 30 terraced houses as well as a central building with a restaurant, meeting rooms and nine guest rooms. His design was inspired by housing in Beijing's [[Forbidden City]]. The homes are located around a square in groups of three, designed to maximize privacy, natural lighting, and views of the surrounding countryside.<ref name=pritzker/><ref>[http://www.danes.dk/index.dsp?area=54 "Utzons Fredensborghuse"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121115015110/http://www.danes.dk/index.dsp?area=54 |date=15 November 2012 }}, ''Danes Worldwide''. {{in lang|da}} Retrieved 18 September 2011.</ref> When he was awarded  the [[Pritzker Prize]] in 2003, Utzon was specifically lauded for his working designing housing projects that, the jury said, were "designed with people in mind."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pritzkerprize.com/laureates/2003|title=Jørn Utzon {{!}} The Pritzker Architecture Prize|website=www.pritzkerprize.com|access-date=10 May 2019}}</ref>

His [[Paustian House|Paustian Furniture Store]] (1988) on Copenhagen's waterfront stands on a multitude of columns inspired by a beech forest.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120313025656/http://www.dac.dk/visKanonSide.asp?artikelID=2795 "Kocept: Arcsite Kanon"], ''Dansk Architektur Center''. {{in lang|da}} Retrieved 18 September 2011.</ref> A temple-like finish is achieved by 11 columns with fan-shaped capitals overlooking the harbour. Similar columns are also present inside the spacious interior, stretching up to the skylight dominating the roof.<ref>Kim Dirkinck-Holmfeld, "Dansk Arkitektur 1960–1995", ''Arkitektens Forlag'', Copenhagen 1995, p. 326. {{ISBN|978-87-7407-112-9}}</ref>

In 2005, in close collaboration with his son [[Kim Utzon]], he helped to plan the [[Utzon Center]] in Aalborg (completed 2008) designed to inspire young students of architecture. Located on the waterfront, its high sculptured roofs rise over an auditorium, a boathall and a library while the lower roofs of its exhibition rooms and workshops surround a central courtyard, sheltered from the wind.<ref>[http://www.utzon-arkitekter.dk/index.php?l=eng&m=3&o=type&s=utzon_center "Utzon Center"]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ''Kim Utzon Arkitekter''. Retrieved 22 September 2011.</ref>

<gallery class="center">
File:Jørn utzon, architects own house, hellebæk, 1950-1952.jpg|Architect's own house, Hellebæk, (1950–1952)
File:Middelboe house, holte, jorn utzon, 1953-1955.jpg|Middelboe house, Holte, (1953–1955)
File:Romerhusene02.jpg|Kingo houses, Helsingør (1956–1960)
File:Fredensborg Houses 17.jpg|Fredensborg Houses (1959–1963)
</gallery>

==Other works==
[[File:Utzon Kuwait National Assembly.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Kuwait National Assembly Building|National Assembly Building in Kuwait]] (1982)]]
[[Kuwait]]'s [[Kuwait National Assembly Building|National Assembly Building]], completed in 1982, stands on the sea front with (in Utzon's words) "haze and white light and an untidy town behind." Benefiting from an understanding of Islamic architecture, Utzon designed a building consisting of a covered square, a parliamentary chamber, a conference hall, and a mosque. Its waving roof conveys the impression of moving fabric.<ref>[http://architecture.about.com/library/blutzon-kuwait.htm "Kuwait National Assembly, 1972–82, by Jorn Utzon, 2003 Pritzker Architecture Prize Laureate"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927005929/http://architecture.about.com/library/blutzon-kuwait.htm |date=27 September 2011 }}. ''About.com''. Retrieved 18 September 2011.</ref> Its columns are reminiscent of the [[Karnak|Karnak temples]].<ref name=Weilbach/>
He was also referenced in a Durham University tour video by YouTuber [[Jack Edwards (YouTuber)|Jack Edwards]] as being the designer for the university's Student's Union building.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4S07pcDWE-Q | title=A Tour of Durham University... THEY LIVE IN a CASTLE?!?! &#124; AD &#124; Jack Edwards | website=[[YouTube]] | date=3 October 2018 }}</ref>

The [[Melli Bank, University of Tehran Branch|Melli Bank]] building in [[Tehran]], slightly set back from the lines of the busy street where it stands, has a reinforced concrete frame faced with natural stone. The ground-level banking hall, naturally illuminated by skylight vaults, is connected to the upper floor by a central spiral staircase, providing maximum flexibility of space.<ref>[http://archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.jsp?site_id=510 "Bank Melli"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112124122/http://archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.jsp?site_id=510 |date=12 January 2012 }}, ''Arch Net''. Retrieved 18 September 2011.</ref>

==Later life==
[[File:Utzon Can Lis.jpg|thumb|Can Lis, Utzon's first house on Mallorca]]
On his return from Australia in 1966, Utzon made a stop on [[Mallorca]]. Fascinated by the island, he decided to build a summer house there on the top of a cliff near the fishing village of [[Portopetro]]. Named [[Can Lis]] after his wife, the house was based on the home he had intended to build in Australia but was inspired by local materials and climate, setting standards for contemporary Mediterranean architecture. The house consists of five loosely linked blocks with a colonnaded outdoor area, a living room and two bedrooms, each with its own courtyard.<ref name=storiesofhouses>[http://storiesofhouses.blogspot.com/2005/07/can-lis-and-can-feliz-in-mallorca-by.html "Can Lis and Can Feliz in Mallorca, by Jørn Utzon"], ''Stories of Houses''. Retrieved 18 September 2011.</ref><ref>[http://www.dac.dk/visKanonVaerk.asp?artikelID=2725 "Can Lis"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313025745/http://www.dac.dk/visKanonVaerk.asp?artikelID=2725 |date=13 March 2012 }}, ''Dansk Arkitectur Center''. {{in lang|da}} Retrieved 24 September 2011.</ref> The use of locally sourced pink stone in rough pillars is designed to give the impression of a much older building, in keeping with the landscape.<ref>{{cite web |last1=McCormick |first1=Megan |title=Architects' summer retreats |url=https://architecturetoday.co.uk/architects-summer-retreats/ |website=Architecture Today |date=22 August 2023 |access-date=8 September 2023}}</ref>

Although Utzon and his wife spent an increasing amount of time on Mallorca, they became disturbed by all the tourists who came to see their home. They decided to move to a more remote area in the mountains where they built a second house known as [[Can Feliz]], consisting of three blocks for dining, living and sleeping, separated by courtyards. The upper part of the grand theatrical living space is furnished for working with heavy timber bookcases and a large table. A huge window provides magnificent views of the pine forests and the sea beyond.<ref name=storiesofhouses/>

The [[Utzon Center]] in Aalborg, designed together with his son Kim, was the architect's last assignment. In 2005 he commented, "From the bottom of my heart, I hope that the Utzon Center will be a place where positive thoughts converge and where students from the School of Architecture gather when they want to get together to discuss their ideas. It is intended to be a power centre for the architects and people of the future."<ref>[http://www.utzoncenter.dk/en/home_02/regarding_utzon_center/ "Utzon Center"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624092730/http://www.utzoncenter.dk/en/home_02/regarding_utzon_center/ |date=24 June 2011 }}. Retrieved 18 September 2011.</ref>

Utzon died in Copenhagen on 29 November 2008 of a heart attack in his sleep after a series of operations. He was 90 years old at the time of his death, and had never returned to Australia to see the completed opera house.<ref name="obituary">{{cite web |last=Olsen |first=Jan |date=29 November 2008 |title=Sydney Opera House designer Joern Utzon dies at 90 |url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5ikmCHVv0stlSnIJYFrpEDVBq8I3wD94OM2F00 |url-status=dead |access-date=29 November 2008 |publisher=Associated Press |archive-date=2 December 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202171848/http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5ikmCHVv0stlSnIJYFrpEDVBq8I3wD94OM2F00 }}</ref><ref name="New York Times obituary">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/30/arts/design/30utzon.htm|title=Jorn Utzon, 90, Dies; Created Sydney Opera House|last=Bernstein|first=Fred|date=29 November 2008|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=4 December 2008}}</ref> On 2 December 2008 the [[Parliament of New South Wales]] passed a special motion of condolence to honour Utzon's life and work.<ref name="parliament">{{cite web|url=http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/PARLMENT/hansArt.nsf/V3Key/LA20081202021|title=Ministerial Statement, Death of Joern Utzon|date=2 December 2008|publisher=Hansard|access-date=28 April 2009|archive-date=25 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525025137/http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/PARLMENT/hansArt.nsf/V3Key/LA20081202021|url-status=dead}}</ref> He was survived by his wife, Lis, his sons [[Jan Utzon|Jan]] and [[Kim Utzon|Kim]], his daughter [[Lin Utzon|Lin]], and several grandchildren. His sons are trained architects and his daughter is a designer,<ref name=LAT/><ref>{{Cite web|last=Rhodes|first=Emily|url=https://www.ft.com/content/42d87bbc-747b-11e8-bab2-43bd4ae655dd |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/42d87bbc-747b-11e8-bab2-43bd4ae655dd |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription|title=Architects' children recall the joys of growing up on a building site|date=29 June 2018|website=Financial Times|language=en-GB|access-date=18 June 2019}}</ref> muralist and artist who was at one time married to the Australian architect [[Alex Popov (architect)|Alex Popov]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mcgillick.com/pdf/Alex%20Popov.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327181635/http://www.mcgillick.com/pdf/Alex%20Popov.pdf|url-status=dead|title=McGillick.com|archivedate=27 March 2014}}</ref>

==Buildings and projects==
;Major built projects:
[[File:Svaneke-vandtårn 2003.jpg|thumb|100px|Svaneke water tower (1951)]]
* [[Svaneke Water Tower|Water tower]] in [[Svaneke]], Bornholm, Denmark, 1952<ref name="Nordic">{{cite web | url=http://nordicinnovation.org/Global/_Publications/Reports/2010/07174_futurenordicconcretearchitecture_web.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://nordicinnovation.org/Global/_Publications/Reports/2010/07174_futurenordicconcretearchitecture_web.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live | title=Future Nordic Concrete Architecture | publisher=Nordic Innovation Centre | access-date=9 April 2017}}</ref>
* [[Utzon's House in Hellebæk|Architect's own house]], [[Hellebæk]], Denmark, 1952<ref name="tele">{{cite news | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/3536087/Jorn-Utzon.html | title=Jorn Utzon | newspaper=The Telegraph | date=29 November 2008 | access-date=9 April 2017}}</ref>
* House in [[Holte]], Denmark, 1953<ref name="tele"/>
* [[Kingo Houses]], [[Helsingør]], Denmark 1956–59<ref name="brick">{{cite web | url=http://www.brick.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/BB%20Spring%202009.pdf | title=Brick Bulletin | publisher=Brick Development Association | date=2009 | access-date=9 April 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042653/http://brick.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/BB%20Spring%202009.pdf | archive-date=4 March 2016 | url-status=dead | df=dmy-all }}</ref>
* [[Elineberg Housing]], [[Helsingborg]], Sweden, 1966<ref name="nm">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aMSCDQAAQBAJ&q=jorn+utzon+Elineberg+Housing&pg=PT137 | title=Nordic Modernism: Scandinavian Architecture 1890–2017 | publisher=The Crowood Press | author=Miller, William | year=2016| isbn=9781785002373}}</ref>
* Planetstaden housing project in [[Lund]], Sweden, 1957–58<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.sydsvenskan.se/2008-10-13/utzons-lundahus-far-starkt-skydd | title=Utzons Lundahus får stärkt skydd | newspaper=Sydsvenskan | date=13 October 2008 | access-date=9 April 2017}}</ref>
* [[Sydney Opera House]], Sydney, Australia, 1973<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/travel/opera-house-wins-top-status/2007/06/28/1182624058781.html | title=Opera House wins top status | newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald | date=28 June 2007 | access-date=9 April 2017}}</ref>
* [[Fredensborg Houses]], courtyard housing in [[Fredensborg]], Denmark, 1965<ref name="brick"/>
* [[Melli Bank, University of Tehran Branch|Melli Bank]], [[University of Tehran]] Branch, Tehran, Iran, 1962<ref>{{cite web | url=https://archnet.org/sites/379/media_contents/15835 | title=Bank Melli | publisher=Archnet | access-date=9 April 2017}}</ref>
* Hammershøj Care Centre, [[Helsingør]], Denmark, 1966<ref name="nm"/>
* Espansiva building system, pre-fabricated single-family houses, Denmark, 1960s<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5ev9rhS2sFIC&q=espansiva+jorn+utzon&pg=PA29 | title=Home Delivery: Fabricating the Modern Dwelling, Part 1 | publisher=The Museum of Modern Art |author1=Bergdoll, Barry |author2=Christensen, Peter | year=2008 | pages=29| isbn=9780870707339 }}</ref>
* [[Bagsværd Church]], Bagsværd, Denmark, 1976<ref name="Nordic"/>
* [[Can Lis]], Architect's own house, [[Mallorca]], Spain, 1971<ref name="tele"/>
* [[Kuwait National Assembly Building|National Assembly of Kuwait]], Kuwait City, Kuwait, 1982<ref name="Nordic"/>
* [[Paustian House|Paustian Furniture Store]], Copenhagen, Denmark, 1987<ref name="Nordic"/>
* [[Can Feliz]], Mallorca, Spain, 1994<ref>{{cite web | url=http://architectureau.com/articles/can-lis/ | title=Utzon's Island Escape | work=ArchitectureAU | publisher=Architecture AU | access-date=9 April 2017}}</ref>
* [[Skagen Odde Nature Centre]], [[Skagen]], Denmark, 1989 (completed by his son Jan Utzon in 1999–2000)<ref>[http://www.arcspace.com/architects/utzon/skagen.html "Utzon Architects: Skagen Odde Nature Center"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100215042531/http://www.arcspace.com/architects/utzon/skagen.html |date=15 February 2010 }}, ''ArcSpace.com''. Retrieved 21 September 2011.</ref>
* [[Esbjerg Performing Arts Centre]], Esbjerg, Denmark, 1997<ref>{{Cite web |title=Esbjerg Performing Arts Center |url=https://dac.dk/en/knowledgebase/architecture/esbjerg-performing-arts-center/ |access-date=2022-02-27 |website=Danish Architecture Center - DAC}}</ref>
* [[Utzon Center]], Aalborg, 2008 (with [[Kim Utzon]])<ref>[http://www.utzoncenter.dk/en/home_02/regarding_utzon_center/ Line Christensen, "Regarding Utzon Center"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624092730/http://www.utzoncenter.dk/en/home_02/regarding_utzon_center/ |date=24 June 2011 }}, ''Utzoncenter.dk''. Retrieved 18 September 2011.</ref>

<gallery class="center">
File:Utzon elineberg helsingborg 05 (1954-66).jpg|Elineberg Housing, Helsingborg, Sweden, (1954–1966)
File:Hammershøj Care Centre 2007.jpg|Hammershøj Care Centre, Helsingør, Denmark, (1962–1966)
File:Utzon paustian interior.jpg|Paustian furniture store, Copenhagen (1987)
File:Utzon Center Aalborg.jpg|Utzon Center, Aalborg (2005–2008)
</gallery>

[[File:Skagen Odde Naturcenter da 080707.jpg|thumb|center|500px|Skagen Odde Naturcenter, Denmark, 1989 (completed by his son Jan Utzon in 1999–2000)]]

==Written works==

;Books:
*Jørn Utzon, ''The Courtyard Houses: Logbook Vol. I'', Copenhagen, Edition Bløndal, 2004, 180 pages. {{ISBN|87-91567-01-7}}
*Jørn Utzon, ''Bagsværd Church: Logbook Vol. II'', Copenhagen, Edition Bløndal, 2005, 168 pages. {{ISBN|87-91567-07-6}}
*Jørn Utzon, ''Two Houses on Majorca: Logbook Vol. III'', Copenhagen, Edition Bløndal, 2004, 76 pages. {{ISBN|87-91567-03-3}}
*Jørn Utzon, ''Kuwait National Assembly: Logbook Vol. IV'', Copenhagen, Edition Bløndal, 2008, 312 pages. {{ISBN|87-91567-21-1}}
*Jørn Utzon, ''Additive Architecture: Logbook Vol. V'', Copenhagen, Edition Bløndal, 2009, 312 pages. {{ISBN|87-91567-23-8}}
*Jørn Utzon and Philip Drew, ''Sydney Opera House'', London, Phaidon Press, 1995, 60 pages. {{ISBN|0-7148-3297-9}}
*Martin Keiding and Kim Dirckinck-Holmfeld (ed.), ''Utzon and the new tradition'', Utzon Library, Copenhagen, Danish Architectural Press, 2005, 262 pages. {{ISBN|87-7407-313-3}}
*Martin Keiding and Kim Dirckinck-Holmfeld (ed.), ''Utzon's own houses'', Utzon Library, Copenhagen, Danish Architectural Press, 2004. {{ISBN|87-7407-316-8}}

;Journal articles:
*Jørn Utzon and Tobias Faber, ''Tendenser i nutidens arkitektur'', Arkitektur, Copenhagen, 1947 {{in lang|da}}
*Jørn Utzon, ''Additiv arkitektur'', Arkitektur, Copenhagen 1970, No. 1 {{in lang|da}}
*Jørn Utzon, ''Platforms and Plateaus: Ideas of a Danish Architect'', Zodiac 10, Milan 1962
*Jørn Utzon and others, A survey of Utzon's work, some descriptions by Utzon, and the Sydney Opera House as finally contemplated, Zodiac 5, Milan 1959<ref>[http://www.antiqbook.com/boox/ney/8031.shtml "&#91;UTZON, JORN&#93;. Zodiac 5. International Magazine of Contemporary Architecture"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111117212709/http://antiqbook.com/boox/ney/8031.shtml |date=17 November 2011 }}, ''Antiqbook''. Retrieved 23 September 2011.</ref>
*Jørn Utzon and others, Utzon's descriptions of the Sydney Opera House, the Silkeborg Museum and the Zurich Theatre. Also Giedion's ''Jørn Utzon and the Third Generation'', Zodiac 14, Milan 1965<ref>[http://www.richardneylon.com/Gallery/Utzon7982.htm "Utzon, Jorn. Zodiac 14. Milan 1965"]{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Retrieved 23 September 2011</ref>

== Awards and recognition ==
Utzon was bestowed an [[Honorary Fellowship of the American Institute of Architects]] (Hon. FAIA) in 1970 for his distinguished achievements as a foreign architect.<ref>[https://issuu.com/aiacollegeoffellows/docs/faia_20directory] - website of electronic publishing platform [[Issuu]]</ref><ref>[https://content.aia.org/sites/default/files/2018-09/Bowker_1970_Institute.pdf Bowker Institute 1970] - website of the [[American Institute of Architects]]</ref> On 17 May 1985, he was made an [[Honorary Companion of the Order of Australia]] (AC).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://honours.pmc.gov.au/honours/awards/869590 |title=It's an Honour: AC |access-date=30 August 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190129124624/https://honours.pmc.gov.au/honours/awards/869590 |archive-date=29 January 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> He was given the Keys to the [[City of Sydney]] in 1998.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://architectureau.com/articles/jan-gehl-awarded-key-to-the-city-of-sydney/ | title=Jan Gehl awarded key to the City of Sydney | work=ArchitectureAu | publisher=Architecture AU | date=9 February 2017 | access-date=9 April 2017}}</ref> He was involved in redesigning the Opera House, and in particular, the Reception Hall, beginning in 1999.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.architectmagazine.com/design/jan-utzon-on-the-past-and-future-of-the-sydney-opera-house_o | title=Jan Utzon on the Past and Future of the Sydney Opera House | publisher=Architect Magazine | date=11 October 2013 | access-date=9 April 2017}}</ref> In 2003, he received in his absence an [[honorary Doctor of Science]] degree in architecture (Hon. DScArch) from the [[University of Sydney]]; his son accepted the award on his behalf.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.sydney.edu.au/content/dam/corporate/documents/university-archives/honorary-awards/u/mr-joern-utzon.pd | title=University honorary-award holders: Mr Joern Utzon | newspaper=University of Sydney | date=28 March 2003 | access-date=20 October 2023 }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/30/world/europe/30iht-obit.4.18267087.html | title=Sydney Opera House's designer dies | newspaper=The New York Times | date=30 November 2008 | access-date=9 April 2017}}</ref> In 2003, he was awarded the [[Pritzker Prize]], architecture's highest honor.<ref name=smh>{{Cite web|url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/joern-utzon-dead-20081130-gdt4tv.html|title=Joern Utzon dead|first=Paola Totaro in|last=London|date=30 November 2008|website=The Sydney Morning Herald}}</ref>

In March 2006, Queen Elizabeth&nbsp;II opened the western colonnade addition to the building designed by Utzon who had not returned to Australia since 1966. His son, Jan, took his place at the opening ceremony instead, saying his father was "too old by now to take the long flight to Australia. But he lives and breathes the Opera House, and as its creator he just has to close his eyes to see it."<ref>[http://jornutzon.sydneyoperahouse.com/biography.htm "Jørn Utzon Biography"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110907075835/http://jornutzon.sydneyoperahouse.com/biography.htm |date=7 September 2011 }}, ''Sydney Opera House''. Retrieved 23 September 2011.</ref>

On 28 June 2007, the Sydney Opera House was declared a [[World Heritage Site]].<ref name="Unesco">{{Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/166/|title=Sydney Opera House|first=UNESCO World Heritage|last=Centre|website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre}}</ref>

In 2007 the [[Australian Institute of Architects]] named their annual international award the Jørn Utzon Award for International Architecture.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012 |title=Pre 2012, International Chapter Architecture Awards program |url=https://wp.architecture.com.au/international/awards-old/pre-2012/ |access-date=16 May 2024 |website=Australian Institute of Architects}}</ref>

Following Utzon's death in 2008, on 25 March 2009, a state memorial and reconciliation concert was held in the Concert Hall at Sydney Opera House.<ref name="tribute">{{cite news|url=http://www.news.com.au/dailytelegraph/story/0,22049,25239988-5013438,00.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121231062212/http://www.news.com.au/dailytelegraph/story/0,22049,25239988-5013438,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=31 December 2012|title=Sydney Opera House architect Joern Utzon remembered|date=25 March 2009|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|access-date=28 April 2009}}</ref>

;List of awards:

* 1967 [[C. F. Hansen Medal]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.akademiraadet.dk/index.php?id=95 | title=Tildelinger af medaljer C.F. Hansen Medaillen | publisher=Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts | access-date=9 April 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202093758/http://www.akademiraadet.dk/index.php?id=95 | archive-date=2 February 2015 | url-status=dead | df=dmy-all }}</ref>
* 1973 [[Royal Australian Institute of Architects Gold Medal|RAIA Gold Medal]] from the [[Australian Institute of Architects|Royal Australian Institute of Architects]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://dynamic.architecture.com.au/i-cms?page=1.17.51.443 | title=Gold Medal | publisher=Australian Institute of Architects | access-date=9 April 2017 | archive-date=17 March 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170317112245/http://dynamic.architecture.com.au/i-cms?page=1.17.51.443 | url-status=dead }}</ref>
* 1978 [[Royal Gold Medal#List of recipients|RIBA Royal Gold Medal]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.architecture.com/RIBA/Awards/RoyalGoldMedal/175Exhibition/WinnersBiogs/1970s.aspx | title=1970s | publisher=Royal Institute of British Architects | access-date=9 April 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170409201235/https://www.architecture.com/RIBA/Awards/RoyalGoldMedal/175Exhibition/WinnersBiogs/1970s.aspx | archive-date=9 April 2017 | url-status=dead | df=dmy-all }}</ref>
* 1980 [[The Daylight and Building Component Award#LIST OF RECEIPIENTS|The Daylight and Building Component Award]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://veluxfoundations.dk/en/awards/daylight-award | title=The Daylight Award | date=29 June 2015 | publisher=The Velux Foundations | access-date=9 April 2017 | archive-date=12 May 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170512003647/http://veluxfoundations.dk/en/awards/daylight-award | url-status=dead }}</ref>
* 1982 [[Alvar Aalto Medal#Recipients of the Alvar Aalto Medal|Alvar Aalto Medal]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.canadianarchitect.com/architecture/alvar-aalto-medal-awarded-to-danish-firm-tegnestuen-vandkunsten/1000091065/ | title=Alvar Aalto Medal awarded to Danish firm Tegnestuen Vandkunsten | publisher=Canadian Architect | date=1 February 2009 | access-date=9 April 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170409113125/https://www.canadianarchitect.com/architecture/alvar-aalto-medal-awarded-to-danish-firm-tegnestuen-vandkunsten/1000091065/ | archive-date=9 April 2017 | url-status=dead }}</ref>
* 1987 [[Nykredit Architecture Prize]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Nykredit Architecture Prize |url=http://www.nykredit.dk/omnykredit/info/virksomhed/nykredits-arkitekturpris.xml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100220131650/http://www.nykredit.dk/omnykredit/info/virksomhed/nykredits-arkitekturpris.xml |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 February 2010 |work=Nykredit website |publisher=Nykredit Holding A/S |access-date=30 November 2013 |location=Copenhagen, Denmark |language=da |year=2013 }}</ref>
* 1992 [[Wolf Prize in Arts#Laureates|Wolf Prize]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.wolffund.org.il/index.php?dir=site&page=winners&cs=423 | title=Jorn Utzon Winner of Wolf Prize in Architecture – 1992 | publisher=Wolf Foundation | access-date=9 April 2017 | archive-date=9 April 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170409112751/http://www.wolffund.org.il/index.php?dir=site&page=winners&cs=423 | url-status=dead }}</ref>
* 1998 [[Sonning Prize#Sonning Prize laureates|Sonning Prize]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://event.ku.dk/sonning_prize/recipients/ | title=Sonning Prize recipients | date=25 November 2008 | publisher=University of Copenhagen | access-date=9 April 2017}}</ref>
* 2000 [[Venice Biennale of Architecture|Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement]]<ref>{{cite web|title=7th International Architecture Exhibition|url=http://www.labiennale.org/en/architecture/history/7.html|publisher=La Biennale di Venezia|access-date=21 September 2016}}</ref>
* 2003 [[Pritzker Prize#Laureates|Pritzker Prize]]<ref>{{cite magazine | url=http://www.architectureweek.com/2003/0416/news_1-1.html | title=Jørn Utzon Pritzker Prize | magazine=Architecture Week | access-date=9 April 2017 | archive-date=9 April 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170409165636/http://www.architectureweek.com/2003/0416/news_1-1.html | url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Influence==
According to [[Kenneth Frampton]], Utzon's architectural influence is manifest on three levels: the emphasis given to the roof element, the importance given to the grounding of the building, and the commitment to "the cultural validity of organic growth".<ref>Frampton, Kenneth: "Between Artifice and Nature" in Louisiana Revy Vol.44 No.2 ''Jørn Utzon: The Architects Universe'', Louisiana Museum of Art, 2004</ref> Kim Dirkinck-Holmfeld, writing in ''Dansk Arkitektur: 1960–1995'', comments: Utzon did not obtain many commissions in his mother country but his importance was considerable in terms of direct imitation or inspiration. And he was the only Danish architect who made a significant contribution to the global development of [[Modern architecture|Modernism]].<ref>Kim Dirkinck-Holmfeld, ''Dansk Arkitektur: 1960–1995'', Arkitektens Forlag, 1995, p. 18–20.</ref>

==See also==
* [[Architecture of Denmark]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
* Michael Asgaard Andersen: ''Jørn Utzon. Arkitekturens tilblivelse og virke''. Copenhagen: Nyt Nordisk Forlag Arnold Busck,  2011, {{ISBN|978-87-17-04087-8}},  English ''Jørn Utzon. Drawings and Buildings'', New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2014, {{ISBN|978-1-61689-180-0}}
* Daryl Dellora: ''Jørn Utzon and the Sydney Opera House.'' Penguin, Melbourne 2013. {{ISBN|9780143570806}}
* Françoise Fromonot: ''Jørn Utzon, The Sydney Opera House.'' Corte Madera, California: Gingko Press, 1998. {{ISBN|3-927258-72-5}}
* Richard Weston: ''Utzon — Inspiration, Vision, Architecture.'' Denmark: Edition Bløndal, 2002. {{ISBN|87-88978-98-2}}
* J.J. Ferrer Forés: ''Jørn Utzon. Obras y Proyectos. Works and Projects.'' Spain: GG 2006. {{ISBN|978-84-252-2060-9}}
* Katarina Stübe and Jan Utzon, ''Sydney Opera House: A Tribute to Jørn Utzon''. Reveal Books, 2009. {{ISBN|978-0-9806123-0-1}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Jørn Utzon}}
* {{archINFORM|arch|956}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110809185131/http://www.ericellis.com/utzon.htm Interview with Jørn Utzon, October 1992]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080207073654/http://www.utzoncenter.dk/en/welcome.htm/ Utzon Center]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110903173054/http://www.pritzkerprize.com/laureates/2003/index.html Pritzker Architecture Prize 2003], including essays and photographs.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160513175048/http://www.sydneyoperahouse.com/about/the_architect.aspx Profile at the Sydney Opera House]
* {{cite web | url = http://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/utzons_opera_house | title = Utzon's Opera House | access-date = 9 October 2015 | author = Eoghan Lewis | date = 2014 | work = Dictionary of Sydney | publisher = Dictionary of Sydney Trust}} <nowiki>[</nowiki>[[Creative Commons license|CC-By-SA]]<nowiki>]</nowiki>
*[http://www.economist.com/obituary/displaystory.cfm?story_id=12758955 Obituary] in ''The Economist'', 11 December 2008.

{{Jørn Utzon}}
{{Wolf Prize in Arts}}
{{Sonning Prize laureates}}
{{Pritzker Prize laureates}}

{{Authority control (arts)}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Utzon, Jorn}}
[[Category:1918 births]]
[[Category:2008 deaths]]
[[Category:Architects from Copenhagen]]
[[Category:Expatriate architects in Australia]]
[[Category:Danish expatriate architects]]
[[Category:Modernist architects from Denmark]]
[[Category:Pritzker Architecture Prize winners]]
[[Category:Recipients of the C.F. Hansen Medal]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Eckersberg Medal]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Royal Gold Medal]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Royal Australian Institute of Architects’ Gold Medal]]
[[Category:Honorary companions of the Order of Australia]]
[[Category:Honorary Fellows of the American Institute of Architects]]
[[Category:Wolf Prize in Arts laureates]]
[[Category:People from Aalborg]]
[[Category:Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century Danish architects]]
[[Category:Honorary members of the Royal Academy]]
[[Category:Sydney Opera House]]