View source for J. M. Barrie

{{Short description|British novelist and playwright (1860–1937)}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox writer
| honorific_prefix = [[Sir]]
| name             =  J. M. Barrie
| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|Bt|OM}}
| image            = James Matthew Barrie00.jpg
| caption          = Portrait by [[Herbert Rose Barraud]], 1892
| birth_name       = James Matthew Barrie
| birth_date       = {{birth date|df=yes|1860|5|9}}
| birth_place      = [[Kirriemuir]], Angus, Scotland
| death_date       = {{death date and age|df=yes|1937|6|19|1860|5|9}}
| death_place      = London, England
| resting_place    = Kirriemuir Cemetery, Angus
| occupation       = {{cslist|Novelist|playwright}}
| education        = {{Unbulleted list |[[Glasgow Academy]] |[[Forfar Academy]] |[[Dumfries Academy]]}}
| alma_mater       = [[University of Edinburgh]]
| period           = {{cslist|Victorian|Edwardian}}
| genre            = {{cslist|Children's literature|drama|fantasy}}
| subject          = 
| notableworks     = {{cslist |''[[The Little White Bird]]'' |''[[Peter and Wendy|Peter Pan]]'' |''[[The Admirable Crichton]]''}}
| spouse           = {{marriage|[[Mary Ansell (actress)|Mary Ansell]]|1894|1909|end=div}}
| children         = Guardian of the [[Llewelyn Davies boys]]
| influences       = 
| influenced       = 
| signature        = JM Barrie Signature.svg
| website          = {{ubl|{{URL|jmbarrie.co.uk}}|{{URL|jmbarriesociety.co.uk}}}}
}}

'''Sir James Matthew Barrie, 1st Baronet''', {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|OM}} ({{IPAc-en|'|b|æ|r|i}}; 9 May 1860{{spaced ndash}} 19 June 1937) was a Scottish novelist and playwright, best remembered as the creator of [[Peter Pan (character)|Peter Pan]]. He was born and educated in [[Scotland]] and then moved to [[London]], where he wrote several successful novels and plays. There he met the [[Llewelyn Davies boys]], who inspired him to write about a baby boy who has magical adventures in [[Kensington Gardens]] (first included in Barrie's 1902 adult novel ''[[The Little White Bird]]''), then to write ''[[Peter Pan, or The Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up]]'', a 1904 [[West End theatre|West End]] "fairy play" about an ageless boy and an ordinary girl named [[Wendy Darling|Wendy]] who have adventures in the fantasy setting of [[Neverland]].

Although he continued to write successfully, ''Peter Pan'' overshadowed his other work, and is credited with popularising the name [[Wendy]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wendy.com/wendyweb/history.html |title=History of the name Wendy |publisher=Wendy.com |access-date=22 July 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090318131510/http://www.wendy.com/wendyweb/history.html |archive-date=18 March 2009}}</ref> Barrie unofficially adopted the Davies boys following the deaths of their parents. Barrie was made a baronet by [[George V]] on 14 June 1913,<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=28733 |date=1 July 1913 |page=4638}}</ref> and a member of the [[Order of Merit]] in the [[1922 New Year Honours]].<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=32563 |date=31 December 1921 |page=10713 |supp=y}}</ref> Before his death, he gave the rights to the Peter Pan works to [[Great Ormond Street Hospital|Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children]] in London, which continues to benefit from them.

==Childhood and adolescence==
James Matthew Barrie was born in [[Kirriemuir]], [[Angus, Scotland|Angus]], to a conservative [[Calvinism|Calvinist]] family. His father, David Barrie, was a modestly successful weaver. His mother, Margaret Ogilvy, assumed her deceased mother's household responsibilities at the age of eight. Barrie was the ninth child of ten (two of whom died before he was born), all of whom were schooled in at least [[the three Rs]] in preparation for possible professional careers.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Adams |first1=James Eli |title=A History of Victorian Literature |date=2012 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |page=359}}</ref> He was a small child and drew attention to himself with storytelling.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Moffat |first=Alistair |title=Britain's Last Frontier: A Journey Along the Highland Line |publisher=[[Birlinn (publisher)|Birlinn]] |year=2012 |pages=1 |language=en |chapter=Chapter 9}}</ref> He grew to only 5&nbsp;ft 3{{frac|1|2}} in. (161&nbsp;cm) according to his 1934 passport.<ref name="Birkin">Birkin, Andrew: ''J. M. Barrie & the Lost Boys'', Constable, 1979; revised edition, Yale University Press, 2003</ref>

When James Barrie was six years old, his elder brother David (their mother's favourite) died in an ice-skating accident on the day before his 14th birthday.{{sfnp|Birkin|2003|p=3}} This left his mother devastated, and Barrie tried to fill David's place in his mother's attentions, even wearing David's clothes and whistling in the manner that he did. One time, Barrie entered her room and heard her say, "Is that you?" "I thought it was the dead boy she was speaking to", wrote Barrie in his biographical account of his mother ''Margaret Ogilvy'' (1896) "and I said in a little lonely voice, 'No, it's no' him, it's just me.{{'"}} Barrie's mother found comfort in the fact that her dead son would remain a boy forever, never to grow up and leave her.{{Sfnp|Birkin|2003|pp=4–5}} Eventually, Barrie and his mother entertained each other with stories of her brief childhood and books such as ''[[Robinson Crusoe]]'', works by fellow Scotsman [[Walter Scott]], and ''[[The Pilgrim's Progress]]''.<ref name="Chaney">Chaney, Lisa. ''Hide-and-Seek with Angels{{spaced ndash}} A Life of J. M. Barrie'', London: Arrow Books, 2005</ref>

At the age of eight, Barrie was sent to [[the Glasgow Academy]] in the care of his eldest siblings, Alexander and Mary Ann, who taught at the school. When he was 10, he returned home and continued his education at the [[Forfar Academy]]. At 14, he left home for [[Dumfries Academy]], again under the watch of Alexander and Mary Ann. He became a voracious reader and was fond of [[penny dreadful]]s and the works of [[Robert Michael Ballantyne]] and [[James Fenimore Cooper]]. At [[Dumfries]], he and his friends spent time in the garden of [[Moat Brae]] house, playing pirates "in a sort of Odyssey that was long afterwards to become the play of ''Peter Pan''{{-"}}.<ref name="Speeches">''McConnachie and J. M. B.: Speeches of J. M. Barrie'', Peter Davies, 1938</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/south_of_scotland/8188245.stm|title=Peter Pan project off the ground|publisher=BBC News Scotland|access-date=8 August 2009 | date=6 August 2009}}</ref> They formed a drama club, producing his first play ''Bandelero the Bandit'', which provoked a minor controversy following a scathing moral denunciation from a clergyman on the school's governing board.<ref name="Chaney" />

==Literary career==
[[File:J. M. Barrie, 1892. (7893554540).jpg|thumb|upright|left|Barrie in 1892]]
Barrie knew that he wished to follow a career as an author; however, his family attempted to persuade him to choose a profession such as the ministry. With advice from Alexander, he was able to work out a compromise of attending a university, but studying literature.{{Sfnp|White|1994|p=26}} Barrie enrolled at the [[University of Edinburgh]] where he wrote drama reviews for the ''[[Edinburgh Courant|Edinburgh Evening Courant]]''. He graduated and obtained an M.A. on 21 April 1882.{{Sfnp|White|1994|p=26}}

Following a job advertisement found by his sister in ''[[The Scotsman]]'', he worked for a year and a half as a staff journalist on the ''[[Nottingham Journal]]''.{{Sfnp|White|1994|p=26}} Back in Kirriemuir, he submitted a piece to the ''St. James's Gazette'', a London newspaper, using his mother's stories about the town where she grew up (renamed "Thrums"). The editor "liked that Scotch thing" so well that Barrie ended up writing a series of these stories.<ref name="Chaney" /> They served as the basis for his first novels: ''Auld Licht Idylls'' (1888), ''A Window in Thrums'' (1889),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/gutbook/lookup?num=20914|title=A Window in Thrums|last=J. M. Barrie|work=Project Gutenberg}}</ref> and ''The Little Minister'' (1891).

The stories depicted the "Auld Lichts", a strict religious sect to which his grandfather had once belonged.{{Sfnp|White|1994|p=27}} Modern literary criticism of these early works has been unfavourable, tending to disparage them as sentimental and nostalgic depictions of a parochial Scotland, far from the realities of the industrialised 19th century, seen as characteristic of what became known as the [[Kailyard School]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.litencyc.com/php/stopics.php?rec=true&UID=1286|title=Kailyard School|website=www.litencyc.com}}</ref> Despite, or perhaps because of, this, they were popular enough at the time to establish Barrie as a successful writer.{{Sfnp|White|1994|p=27}} Following that success, he published ''Better Dead'' (1888) privately and at his own expense, but it failed to sell.{{Sfnp|Birkin|2003|p=16}} His two "Tommy" novels, ''Sentimental Tommy'' (1896) and ''Tommy and Grizel'' (1900), were about a boy and young man who clings to childish fantasy, with an unhappy ending. The English novelist [[George Gissing]] read the former in November 1896 and wrote that he "thoroughly dislike[d it]".<ref>Coustillas, Pierre ed. London and the Life of Literature in Late Victorian England: the Diary of George Gissing, Novelist. Brighton: Harvester Press, 1978, p.427.</ref>

[[File:Baarries books.jpg|thumb|upright|Some of Barrie's novels]]
Meanwhile, Barrie's attention turned increasingly to works for the theatre, beginning with a biography of [[Richard Savage (poet)|Richard Savage]], written by Barrie and [[H. B. Marriott Watson]]; it was performed only once and critically panned. He immediately followed this with ''Ibsen's Ghost'', or ''Toole Up-to-Date'' (1891), a [[parody]] of [[Henrik Ibsen]]'s dramas ''[[Hedda Gabler]]'' and ''[[Ghosts (play)|Ghosts]]''.{{Sfnp|White|1994|p=27}} ''Ghosts'' had been unlicensed in the UK until 1914,<ref>Dominic Shellard, et al. ''The Lord Chamberlain Regrets'', 2004, British Library, pp. 77–79.</ref> but had created a sensation at the time from a single "club" performance.

The production of ''Ibsen's Ghost'' at [[Toole's Theatre]] in London was seen by [[William Archer (critic)|William Archer]], the translator of Ibsen's works into English. Apparently comfortable with the parody, he enjoyed the humour of the play and recommended it to others. Barrie's third play ''Walker, London'' (1892) resulted in his being introduced to a young actress named Mary Ansell. He proposed to her and they were married on 9 July 1894. Barrie bought her a [[Saint Bernard (dog)|Saint Bernard]] puppy, Porthos, who played a part in the 1902 novel ''[[The Little White Bird]]''. He used Ansell's first name for many characters in his novels.{{Sfnp|White|1994|p=27}} Barrie also authored ''[[Jane Annie]]'', a [[comic opera]] for [[Richard D'Oyly Carte]] (1893), which failed; he persuaded [[Arthur Conan Doyle]] to revise and finish it for him.

In 1901 and 1902, he had back-to-back successes; ''[[Quality Street (play)|Quality Street]]'' was about a respectable, responsible [[Spinster|old maid]] who poses as her own flirtatious niece to try to win the attention of a former suitor returned from the war. ''[[The Admirable Crichton]]'' was a critically acclaimed social commentary with elaborate staging about an aristocratic family and their household servants whose social order is inverted after they are shipwrecked on a desert island. [[Max Beerbohm]] thought it "quite the best thing that has happened, in my time, to the British theatre".<ref>{{cite news|title=Tales from the cabbage patch|url=https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2006/jan/11/theatre.fiction|access-date=2 August 2019|work=The Guardian}}</ref>

===Peter Pan===
[[Image:PeterPan Statue Londres.jpg|thumb|upright|left|[[Peter Pan statue]] (1912) by Sir [[George Frampton]] in [[Kensington Gardens]], London]]
The character of "Peter Pan" first appeared in ''[[The Little White Bird]]''. The novel was published in the UK by [[Hodder & Stoughton]] in 1902 and serialised in the US in the same year in ''[[Scribner's Magazine]]''.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Concise Oxford Chronology of English Literature|first=Michael|last=Cox|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2005|isbn=978-0198610540|page=428}}</ref> Barrie's more famous and enduring work ''[[Peter Pan, or The Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up]]'' had its first stage performance on 27 December 1904 at the [[West End theatre|West End]]’s [[Duke of York's Theatre]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=KdVAAAAAIBAJ&pg=4415%2C5760076|title=Mr Barrie's New Play. A Christmas Fairy Tale|work=The Glasgow Herald|date=28 December 1904|page=7|access-date=26 May 2018}}</ref> The tradition of having a woman play the title role started because at the time children were not allowed to act on stage, and smaller women were considered more believable in the role of a young boy. This play introduced audiences to the name "[[Wendy]]"; it was inspired by a young girl named [[Margaret Henley]] who called Barrie "Friendy", but could not pronounce her ''R''s very well.<ref>{{cite book |last=Winn |first= Christopher |title=I Never Knew That About England|publisher=Ebury Press|date=2005|page=4|isbn=9780091902070}}</ref> The [[Bloomsbury]] scenes show the societal constraints of late Victorian and Edwardian middle class domestic reality, contrasted with [[Neverland]], a world where morality is ambivalent. 

[[George Bernard Shaw]] described the play as "ostensibly a holiday entertainment for children but really a play for grown-up people", suggesting deeper social metaphors at work in ''Peter Pan''. In 1907, it was parodied by H. G. Pélissier and ''The Follies'' at the [[Apollo Theatre]] on [[Shaftesbury Avenue]] in a sketch entitled ''Baffles or the Peterpan-tomime.'' This parody was in fact reviewed by Barrie himself in a magazine called ''Sphere'' as being "funny in little bits", although he also concluded that ''The Follies'' were "one of the funniest things now to be seen in London."<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Binns |first1=Anthony |title=The funniest man in London: the life and times of H.G. Pélissier (1874-1913): forgotten satirist and composer, founder of "The follies" |last2=Pélissier |first2=Jaudy |date=2022 |publisher=Edgerton Publishing Services |isbn=978-0-9933203-8-5 |location=Pett, East Sussex}}</ref>

Barrie had a long string of successes on the stage after ''Peter Pan'', many of which discuss social concerns, as Barrie continued to integrate his work and his beliefs. ''The Twelve Pound Look'' (1910) concerns a wife leaving her 'typical' husband once she can gain an independent income. Other plays, such as ''[[Mary Rose (play)|Mary Rose]]'' (1920) and ''[[Dear Brutus]]'' (1917), revisit the idea of the ageless child and parallel worlds. Barrie was involved in the 1909 and 1911 attempts to challenge the censorship of the theatre by the [[Lord Chamberlain]], along with a number of other playwrights.<ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nBp67DPLZaEC&pg=PA38|page=38|first=Thomas|last=Postlewait|chapter=The London Stage, 1895–1918|title=The Cambridge History of British Theatre|isbn=978-0521651325|year=2004 |publisher=Cambridge University Press }}</ref> 

In 1911, Barrie developed the ''Peter Pan'' play into the novel ''[[Peter and Wendy]]''. In April 1929, Barrie gave the [[copyright]] of the Peter Pan works to [[Great Ormond Street Hospital]], a leading children's hospital in London. The [[Peter and Wendy#Copyright status|current status of the copyright]] is somewhat complex. His final play was ''The Boy David'' (1936), which dramatised the Biblical story of King [[Saul]] and the young [[David]]. Like the role of Peter Pan, that of David was played by a woman, [[Elisabeth Bergner]], for whom Barrie wrote the play.<ref name="methuen">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tb-OAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA45 |title=The Methuen Drama Dictionary of the Theatre |publisher=[[A & C Black]] |year=2013 |isbn=978-1408131480 |editor=Law |editor-first=Jonathan |pages=44–45}}</ref>

== Social connections ==
[[File:Sir James M. Barrie.jpg|thumb|upright|Barrie, c. 1895]]

Barrie moved in literary circles and had many famous friends in addition to his professional collaborators. Novelist [[George Meredith]] was an early social [[Patronage|patron]]. He had a long correspondence with fellow Scot [[Robert Louis Stevenson]], who lived in [[Samoa]] at the time. Stevenson invited Barrie to visit him, but the two never met.<ref>Shaw, Michael (ed.) (2020), ''A Friendship in Letters: Robert Louis Stevenson & J.M. Barrie'', Sandstone Press, Inverness {{ISBN|978-1-913207-02-1}}</ref><ref name="NY Times"/> He was also friends with fellow Scots writer [[S. R. Crockett]]. [[George Bernard Shaw]] was his neighbour in London for several years, and once participated in a Western that Barrie scripted and filmed. [[H. G. Wells]] was a friend of many years, and tried to intervene when Barrie's marriage fell apart. Barrie met [[Thomas Hardy]] through [[Hugh Clifford (colonial administrator)|Hugh Clifford]] while he was staying in London.<ref name="NY Times"/> He was friends with [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel prize winner]] [[John Galsworthy]].<ref>{{cite book |date=1963 |last=Barker |first=Dudley |title=A Man of Principle |publisher=House and Maxwell |location=London |page=179}}</ref>

Barrie remained tied to his Scottish roots and visited his hometown of [[Kirriemuir]] regularly with his wards. When choosing his first personal secretary, Barrie chose [[E. V. Lucas]]'s wife, Elizabeth Lucas, who had Scottish roots through her American parentage.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sass |first=Sara |title=There Are Some Secrets |publisher=Atmosphere Press |year=2021 |isbn=9781639880102}}</ref> After Elizabeth Lucas moved to Paris, France, Barrie chose [[Cynthia Asquith]] as his personal secretary.

[[File:Authors vs. Artists 1903 Cricket Game.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|left|Authors v Artists cricket match in London, May 1903. Barrie, who joined the newly formed [[Authors Cricket Club]] in 1891, is seated in the front row, 3rd from right.]]
After the [[First World War]], Barrie sometimes stayed at [[Stanway House]] near the village of [[Stanway, Gloucestershire|Stanway]] in [[Gloucestershire]]. He paid for the pavilion at Stanway [[cricket]] ground.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Page |first1=William |title=The Victoria History of the County of Gloucester, Volume 6 |date=1965 |publisher=A. Constable, limited |page=226}}</ref> In 1887, he founded an amateur cricket team for friends of similarly limited playing ability, and named it the [[Allahakbarries]] under the mistaken belief that "Allah akbar" meant "Heaven help us" in Arabic, rather than "God is great".<ref>{{cite web|author1=Tim Masters|title=How Peter Pan's author invented celebrity cricket|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/8662375.stm|website=BBC News|access-date=2 August 2019|date=7 May 2010}}</ref> Some of the best-known British authors from the era played on the team at various times, including [[H. G. Wells]], [[Rudyard Kipling]], [[Arthur Conan Doyle]], [[P. G. Wodehouse]], [[Jerome K. Jerome]], [[G. K. Chesterton]], [[A. A. Milne]], [[E. W. Hornung]], [[A. E. W. Mason]], [[Walter Raleigh (professor)|Walter Raleigh]], [[E. V. Lucas]], [[Maurice Hewlett]], [[Owen Seaman]] (editor of ''[[Punch (magazine)|Punch]]''), [[Bernard Partridge]], [[George Cecil Ives]], [[George Llewelyn Davies]] (see below) and the son of [[Alfred Tennyson]]. In 1891, Barrie joined the newly formed [[Authors Cricket Club]] and also played for its cricket team, the Authors XI, alongside Doyle, Wodehouse and Milne. The Allahakbarries and the Authors XI continued to exist side by side until 1912.<ref name="Chaney" /><ref>{{cite news |last=Parkinson |first=Justin |date=26 July 2014 |title=Authors and actors revive cricket rivalry |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-27903864 |work= BBC News Magazine|access-date=10 April 2019}}</ref>

Barrie befriended Africa explorer [[Joseph Thomson (explorer)|Joseph Thomson]] and Antarctica explorer [[Robert Falcon Scott]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.scotsman.com/news/jm-barrie-and-captain-scott-two-friends-who-took-the-world-by-storm-1-808141|title=Two friends who took the world by storm|last=Smith|first=Mark|date=2 September 2010|work=The Scotsman|access-date=2 September 2010}}</ref> He was [[godparent|godfather]] to Scott's son [[Peter Scott|Peter]],{{Sfnp|Birkin|2003|p=209}} and was one of the seven people to whom Scott wrote letters in the final hours of his life during his expedition to the [[South Pole]], asking Barrie to take care of his wife [[Kathleen Scott|Kathleen]] and son Peter. Barrie was so proud of the letter that he carried it around for the rest of his life.{{Sfnp|White|1994|p=36}}

In 1896, his agent Addison Bright persuaded him to meet with Broadway producer [[Charles Frohman]], who became his financial backer and a close friend, as well.{{Sfnp|Birkin|2003|p=38}} Frohman was responsible for producing the debut of ''Peter Pan'' in both England and the US, as well as other productions of Barrie's plays. He famously declined a lifeboat seat when the [[RMS Lusitania|RMS ''Lusitania'']] was sunk by a German [[U-boat]] in the North Atlantic. Actress [[Rita Jolivet]] stood with Frohman, George Vernon and Captain Alick Scott at the end of Lusitania's sinking, but she survived the sinking and recalled Frohman paraphrasing ''Peter Pan'': 'Why fear death? It is the most beautiful adventure that life gives us.'<ref>Ellis, Frederick D., ''The Tragedy of the Lusitania'' (National Publishing Company, 1915), pp. 38–39; Preston, Diana, ''Lusitania, An Epic Tragedy'' (Walker & Company, 2002), p. 204; ''New York Tribune'', "Frohman Calm; Not Concerned About Death, Welcomed It as Beautiful Adventure, He Told Friends at End", 11 May 1915, p. 3; Marcosson, Isaac Frederick, & Daniel Frohman, ''Charles Frohman: Manager and Man'' (John Lane, The Bodley Head, 1916), p. 387; Frohman, Charles, [http://rmslusitania.info/pages/saloon_class/frohman_charles.html ''The Lusitania Resource'']</ref> Barrie had himself sailed on one of the ''Lusitania'''s final Atlantic crossings in September 1914, during which rumours circulated amongst the passengers that the liner was to be transferred to the British Admiralty for troopship duties on arrival in New York.<ref>Earlier Voyages, [https://www.garemaritime.com/lusitania-part-9-earlier-voyages/ ''Gare Maritime'']</ref>

His secretary from 1917, [[Cynthia Asquith]], was the daughter-in-law of [[H. H. Asquith]], British Prime Minister from 1908 to 1916.<ref name="Telegraph"/> In the 1930s, Barrie met and told stories to the young daughters of the [[George VI of the United Kingdom|Duke of York]], the future [[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] and [[Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon|Princess Margaret]].<ref name="Telegraph">{{cite news|title=Captain Scott and J M Barrie: an unlikely friendship|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/9086554/Captain-Scott-and-J-M-Barrie-an-unlikely-friendship.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/9086554/Captain-Scott-and-J-M-Barrie-an-unlikely-friendship.html |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=2 April 2015|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph}}{{cbignore}}</ref> After meeting him, the three-year-old Princess Margaret announced, "He is my greatest friend and I am his greatest friend".<ref name="NY Times">{{cite news |title=THE LAST WORD; The Lost Boy |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/12/14/books/the-last-word-the-lost-boy.html |access-date=2 August 2019 |work=The New York Times|date=14 December 2003 |last1=Miller |first1=Laura }}</ref>

==Marriage==
Barrie became acquainted with actress [[Mary Ansell (actress)|Mary Ansell]] in 1891, when he asked his friend [[Jerome K. Jerome]] for a pretty actress to play a role in his play ''Walker, London''. The two became friends, and she helped his family to care for him when he fell very ill in 1893 and 1894.<ref name="Chaney"/> They married in Kirriemuir on 9 July 1894,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/research/learning/hall-of-fame/hall-of-fame-a-z/barrie-j-m |title=Hall of Fame A–Z: J M Barrie (1860–1937) |date=31 May 2013 |publisher=National Records of Scotland |access-date=14 April 2018}}</ref> shortly after Barrie recovered, and Mary retired from the stage.  The wedding was a small ceremony in his parents' home, in the Scottish tradition.{{Sfnp|Birkin|2003|pp=28–29}} The relationship was reportedly unconsummated, and the couple had no children.{{Sfnp|Birkin|2003|pp=179–180}}

[[File:SIR JAMES BARRIE 1860-1937 NOVELIST AND DRAMATIST lived here.jpg|thumb|160px|right|[[Blue plaque]] on 100 [[Bayswater Road]], London where Barrie lived]]

In 1895, the Barries bought a house on Gloucester Road, in South Kensington.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/property/3349995/Round-the-houses-Peter-Pan.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/property/3349995/Round-the-houses-Peter-Pan.html |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Round the houses: Peter Pan|last=Stogdon|first=Catalina|date=17 May 2006|work=The Telegraph|publisher=Telegraph Media Group Limited|access-date=14 May 2015}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Barrie would take long walks in nearby Kensington Gardens, and in 1900 the couple moved into a house directly overlooking the gardens at 100 [[Bayswater Road]]. Mary had a flair for interior design and set about transforming the ground floor, creating two large reception rooms with painted panelling and adding fashionable features, such as a conservatory.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/style/homes_and_gardens/Move/article1553378.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518084405/http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/style/homes_and_gardens/Move/article1553378.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 May 2015 |url-access=subscription |title=Return to Neverland|last=Law|first=Cally|date=10 May 2015|work=The Sunday Times|publisher= Times Newspapers Limited|access-date=14 May 2015}}</ref> In the same year, Mary found Black Lake Cottage at [[Farnham]] in [[Surrey]], which became the couple's "bolt hole" where Barrie could entertain his cricketing friends and the Llewelyn Davies family.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.surreymonocle.co.uk/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=33 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090307100750/http://www.surreymonocle.co.uk/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=33 |archive-date=7 March 2009 |title=JM Barrie |publisher=Surrey Monocle |date=10 January 2007 |access-date=22 July 2009}} Retrieved from Internet Archive 27 December 2013.</ref>

Beginning in mid-1908, Mary had an affair with [[Gilbert Cannan]] (who was twenty years younger than she<ref name=holroyd>Michael Holroyd, ''Lytton Strachey'', p. 287</ref> and an associate of Barrie in his anti-censorship activities), including a visit together to Black Lake Cottage, known only to the house staff. When Barrie learned of the affair in July 1909, he demanded that she end it, but she refused. To avoid the scandal of divorce, he offered a legal separation if she would agree not to see Cannan any more, but she still refused. Barrie sued for divorce on the grounds of infidelity; the divorce was granted in October 1909.{{Sfnp|Birkin|2003|pp=175–176, 181}}<ref>{{cite news |title=J.M. Barrie Seeks Divorce from Wife |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9A0DE1D8123EE733A25754C0A9669D946897D6CF |quote=The name of James M. Barrie, the playwright, figures as a petitioner in the list of divorce cases set down for trial at the next session of the law courts here. |work=[[New York Times]] |date=7 October 1909 |access-date=17 April 2010 }}</ref> Knowing how painful the divorce was for him, some of Barrie's friends wrote to a number of newspaper editors asking them not to publish the story. In the event, only three newspapers did.{{Sfnp|Birkin|2003|p=181}}{{Sfnp|White|1994|p=34}} Barrie continued to support Mary financially even after she married Cannan, by giving her an annual allowance, which was handed over at a private dinner held on her and Barrie's wedding anniversary.<ref name=holroyd/>

==Llewelyn Davies family==
[[file:JackLlewelynDavies6-BoyCastaways.JPG|thumb|left|[[Jack Llewelyn Davies]] acting in Barrie's pirate adventure, ''The Boy Castaways of Black Lake Island'', 1901]]
The Llewelyn Davies family played an important part in Barrie's literary and personal life, consisting of [[Arthur Llewelyn Davies|Arthur]] (1863–1907), [[Sylvia Llewelyn Davies|Sylvia]] (1866–1910) (daughter of [[George du Maurier]]),<ref>married the 3Q of 1892 in Hampstead, London: GROMI: vol. 1a, p. 1331</ref> and [[Llewelyn Davies boys|their five sons]]: [[George Llewelyn Davies|George]] (1893–1915), [[Jack Llewelyn Davies|John]] (Jack) (1894–1959), [[Peter Llewelyn Davies|Peter]] (1897–1960), [[Michael Llewelyn Davies|Michael]] (1900–1921) and [[Nicholas Llewelyn Davies|Nicholas]] (Nico) (1903–1980).

Barrie became acquainted with the family in 1897, meeting George and Jack (and baby Peter) with their nurse ([[nanny]]) Mary Hodgson in London's [[Kensington Gardens]]. He lived nearby and often walked his Saint Bernard dog Porthos in the park. He entertained the boys regularly with his ability to wiggle his ears and eyebrows, and with his stories.{{Sfnp|Birkin|2003|p=41}} He did not meet Sylvia until a chance encounter at a dinner party in December. She told Barrie that Peter had been named after the title character in her father's novel, ''Peter Ibbetson''.{{Sfnp|Birkin|2003|pp=44–45}}

[[File:Michael Llewelyn Davies as Peter Pan.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Michael Llewelyn Davies]] as Peter Pan, 1906. Photo was taken by Barrie at Cudlow House in [[Rustington]], West Sussex]]
Barrie became a regular visitor at the Davies household and a common companion to Sylvia and her boys, despite the fact that both he and she were married to other people.<ref name="Birkin"/> In 1901, he invited the Davies family to Black Lake Cottage, where he produced an album of captioned photographs of the boys acting out a pirate adventure, entitled ''The Boy Castaways of Black Lake Island''. Barrie had two copies made, one of which he gave to Arthur, who misplaced it on a train.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jmbarrie.co.uk/boycastaways/ab_on_JMB_RSC.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722005156/http://www.jmbarrie.co.uk/boycastaways/ab_on_JMB_RSC.html |archive-date=22 July 2011 |title=Andrew Birkin on J. M. Barrie |publisher=Jmbarrie.co.uk |date=5 April 1960 |access-date=8 May 2010}} Retrieved from Internet Archive 27 December 2013.</ref> The only surviving copy is held at the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale University.<ref>[http://beinecke.library.yale.edu/digitallibrary/castaways.html J. M. Barrie's Boy Castaways] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100115125916/http://beinecke.library.yale.edu/digitallibrary/castaways.html |date=15 January 2010 }} at the [http://www.library.yale.edu/beinecke/index.html Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale University]</ref>

The character of Peter Pan was invented to entertain George and Jack. Barrie would say, to amuse them, that their little brother Peter could fly. He claimed that babies were birds before they were born; parents put bars on nursery windows to keep the little ones from flying away. This grew into a tale of a baby boy who did fly away.{{Sfnp|White|1994|p=29}}

[[File:1899-08-08-Porthos.jpg|left|thumb|upright|Barrie’s Saint Bernard dog Porthos in 1899]]
Arthur Llewelyn Davies died in 1907, and "Uncle Jim" became even more involved with the Davies family, providing financial support to them. (His income from ''Peter Pan'' and other works was easily adequate to provide for their living expenses and education.){{Sfnp|Birkin|2003|p=154}} Following Sylvia's death in 1910, Barrie claimed that they had recently been engaged to be married.{{Sfnp|Birkin|2003|pp=91–92}} Her will indicated nothing to that effect but specified her wish for "J. M. B." to be trustee and guardian to the boys, along with her mother Emma, her brother [[Guy du Maurier]] and Arthur's brother Compton. It expressed her confidence in Barrie as the boys' caretaker and her wish for "the boys to treat him (& their uncles) with absolute confidence & straightforwardness & to talk to him about everything."{{Sfnp|Birkin|2003|pp=188–189}} When copying the will informally for Sylvia's family a few months later, Barrie inserted himself elsewhere: Sylvia had written that she would like Mary Hodgson, the boys' nurse, to continue taking care of them, and for "Jenny" (referring to Hodgson's sister) to come and help her; Barrie instead wrote, "Jimmy" (Sylvia's nickname for him).{{Sfnp|Birkin|2003|p=194}} Barrie and Hodgson did not get along well but served together as surrogate parents until the boys were grown.{{Sfnp|Birkin|2003|pp=196, 271}}

Barrie also had friendships with other children, both before he met the Davies boys and after they had grown up, and there has since been unsubstantiated speculation that Barrie was a [[paedophilia|paedophile]].<ref>{{cite news |author=Picardie |first=Justine |date=13 July 2008 |title=How bad was J. M. Barrie? |newspaper=Telegraph |location=London |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/donotmigrate/3556421/How-bad-was-J.M.-Barrie.html |url-status=dead |access-date=22 July 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304154450/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/donotmigrate/3556421/How-bad-was-J.M.-Barrie.html |archive-date=4 March 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Parker |first=James |url=http://www.boston.com/news/globe/ideas/articles/2004/02/22/the_real_peter_pan/ |title=The real Peter Pan – The Boston Globe |publisher=Boston.com |date=22 February 2004 |access-date=22 July 2009}}</ref> One source for the speculation is a scene in the novel ''[[The Little White Bird]]'', in which the protagonist helps a small boy undress for bed, and at the boy's request they sleep in the same bed.<ref name="White 1994">{{Cite book |last=White |first=Donna R. |url=https://archive.org/details/britishchildrens141zaid |title=British Children's Writers, 1880–1914 |publisher=[[Gale Research]] |year=1994 |isbn=978-0810355552 |editor-last=Zaidman |editor-first=Laura M. |location=[[Detroit, Michigan]] |url-access=registration}}</ref> However, there is no evidence that Barrie had sexual contact with children, nor that he was suspected of it at the time. Nico, the youngest of the brothers, denied as an adult that Barrie ever behaved inappropriately. "I don't believe that Uncle Jim ever experienced what one might call 'a stirring in the undergrowth' for anyone—man, woman, or child", he stated.{{Sfnp|Birkin|2003|loc=Introduction to the Yale Edition}} "He was an innocent—which is why he could write Peter Pan."{{Sfnp|Birkin|2003|p=130}} His relationships with the surviving Davies boys continued well beyond their childhood and adolescence.

The [[Peter Pan statue]] in Kensington Gardens, erected secretly overnight for [[May Morning]] in 1912, was supposed to be modelled upon old photographs of Michael dressed as the character. However, the sculptor, [[Sir George Frampton]], used a different child as a model, leaving Barrie disappointed with the result. "It doesn't show the devil in Peter", he said.{{Sfnp|Birkin|2003|pp=142, 202}}

Barrie suffered bereavements with the boys, losing the two to whom he was closest in their early twenties. George was killed in action in 1915, in the [[First World War]].<ref>{{cwgc|id=456458|name=Davies, George Llewelyn|access-date=24 August 2016}}</ref> Michael, with whom Barrie corresponded daily while at boarding school and university, drowned in 1921, with his friend, Rupert Buxton,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jmbarrie.co.uk/audio/?mode=3 |title=Audio |publisher=Jmbarrie.co.uk |access-date=8 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930032624/http://www.jmbarrie.co.uk/audio/?mode=3 |archive-date=30 September 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> at a known danger spot at [[Sandford Lock]] near [[Oxford]], one month short of his 21st birthday.{{Sfnp|Birkin|2003|loc=Introduction to the Yale Edition, pp. 291–293}} Some years after Barrie's death, Peter compiled his ''Morgue'' from family letters and papers, interpolated with his own informed comments on his family and their relationship with Barrie. [[Peter Llewelyn Davies#Death|Peter died]] in 1960 by throwing himself in front of an Underground train at Sloane Square station.

==Death==
[[File:Gravestone of playwright J M Barrie.jpg|thumb|upright|Gravestone of J. M. Barrie in Kirriemuir Cemetery]]
Barrie died of [[pneumonia]] at a nursing home in Manchester Street, [[Marylebone]] on 19 June 1937.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=gFBAAAAAIBAJ&pg=5491%2C3212516 |title=Death of Sir J. M. Barrie. King Grieved at Loss of an Old Friend. Funeral on Thursday at Kirriemuil. "The End Was Peaceful" |work=The Glasgow Herald |date=21 June 1937 |page=13 |access-date=14 April 2018}}</ref> He was buried at Kirriemuir next to his parents and two of his siblings.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=hFBAAAAAIBAJ&pg=6391%2C4008307 |title=Funeral of Sir J. M. Barrie. Thousands Assemble at Graveside "Thrums" pays its Last Respects. Distinguished Mourners and Many Tributes |work=The Glasgow Herald |date=25 June 1937 |page=14 |access-date=14 April 2018}}</ref> His birthplace at 9 Brechin Road is maintained as a museum by the [[National Trust for Scotland]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nts.org.uk/visit/places/j-m-barries-birthplace/getting-here|title=National Trust for Scotland|website=National Trust for Scotland|accessdate=11 March 2023}}</ref>

Barrie left the bulk of his estate to his secretary [[Lady Cynthia Asquith]], but excluding the rights to all [[Works based on Peter Pan|Peter Pan]] works (which included ''[[The Little White Bird]]'', ''[[Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens]]'', the play ''[[Peter Pan, or The Boy Who Would Not Grow Up]]'' and the novel ''Peter and Wendy''), whose copyright he had previously given to [[Great Ormond Street Hospital]] in London. The surviving Llewelyn Davies boys received legacies, and he made provisions for his former wife Mary Ansell to receive an annuity during her lifetime.<ref name="Birkin" />

His will also left £500 to the Bower Free Church in [[Caithness]] to mark the memory of Rev James Winter who was to have married Barrie's sister in June 1892 but was killed in a fall from his horse in May 1892. Barrie had several connections to the Free Church of Scotland, including his maternal uncle Rev David Ogilvy (1822–1904), who was minister of Dalziel Church in [[Motherwell]].<ref>Ewing, William ''Annals of the Free Church''; James Winter</ref> James and his brother William Winter (also a Free Church minister) were both born in [[Cortachy]] the sons of Rev William Winter. Cortachy is just west of [[Kirriemuir]] and the Winters seem closely connected to the Ogilvy family.<ref>Ewing, William ''Annals of the Free Church''; William Winter</ref>

==Biographies==

===Books===
*{{cite book|last=Hammerton|first=J. A.|title=Barrie: the Story of a Genius|year=1929|location=New York |publisher=Dodd, Mead & Company}}
*{{cite book|last=Darlington|first=W. A.|title=J. M. Barrie|year=1938|location=London and Glasgow |publisher=Blackie & Son}}
*Chalmers, Patrick (1938). ''The Barrie Inspiration.'' Peter Davies. {{ISBN|978-1-4733-1220-3}}.
*{{cite book|last=Mackail|first=Denis|title=Barrie: The Story of J. M. B.|year=1941|location=New York|publisher=C. Scribner's Sons}}
*{{cite book|last=Dunbar|first=Janet|title=J. M. Barrie: The Man Behind the Image|year=1970|location=London|publisher=Collins|isbn=0-00-211384-8}}
*{{cite book|last=Birkin|first=Andrew|author-link = Andrew Birkin|title=J. M. Barrie and the Lost Boys: The Real Story Behind Peter Pan|year=2003|edition=Revised|publisher=[[Yale University Press]]|isbn=978-0-300-09822-8}}
*{{cite book|last=Chaney|first=Lisa|title=Hide-and-Seek with Angels: A Life of J. M. Barrie|year=2006|publisher=Arrow|isbn=978-0-09-945323-9}}
*{{cite book|last=Dudgeon|first=Piers|title=Captivated: J. M. Barrie, the du Mauriers & the Dark Side of Neverland|year=2009|publisher=Vintage Books|isbn=978-0-09-952045-0}}
*{{cite book|last=Telfer|first=Kevin|title=Peter Pan's First XI: The Extraordinary Story of J. M. Barrie's Cricket Team|year=2010|publisher=Sceptre|isbn=978-0-340-91945-3}}
*Ridley, Rosalind (2016). ''Peter Pan and the Mind of J. M. Barrie: An Exploration of Cognition and Consciousness.'' Cambridge Scholars Publishing. {{ISBN|978-1-4438-9107-3}}.
*{{cite book|last=Dudgeon|first=Piers|title=J. M. Barrie and the Boy Who Inspired Him|year=2016|publisher=Thomas Dunne Books|isbn=978-1-250-08779-9}}

===Journal===
*{{cite journal|last=Stokes|first=Sewell|title=James M Barrie|journal=New York Theatre Arts Inc|date=November 1941|volume=25 |issue=11|pages=845–848}}

===Film, television and stage===
* ''[[The Lost Boys (docudrama)|The Lost Boys]]'' (1978). [[Ian Holm]] (as J.M. Barrie), Andrew Birkin (writer). [[BBC]].
* ''The Man Who Was Peter Pan'' (1998) is a play by [[Allan Knee]], a semi-biographical version of Barrie's life and relationship with the [[Llewelyn Davies boys|Llewelyn Davies]] family.
* ''[[Finding Neverland (film)|Finding Neverland]]'' (2004) with [[Johnny Depp]] (as J.M. Barrie), [[Kate Winslet]] (Sylvia Llewelyn Davies), Marc Forster (director), based on Allan Knee's play.
*''[[The Boy James]]'' (2012) by Alexander Wright (of [[Belt Up Theatre]]), is a [[one act play]] inspired by his life and work.
*''[[Finding Neverland (musical)|Finding Neverland]]'' (2012) by Diane Paulus, is a musical about the creation of Peter Pan based on the [[Finding Neverland (film)|film]] and starring [[Matthew Morrison]] and [[Laura Michelle Kelly]].

==Honours==
=== Personal ===
Barrie was created a [[baronet]] by King [[George V]] in 1913. He was made a member of the [[Order of Merit (Commonwealth)|Order of Merit]] in 1922.

In 1919, he was elected [[Rector of the University of St Andrews]] for a three-year term. In 1922, he delivered his celebrated Rectorial Address on Courage at St Andrews, and visited [[University of Dundee|University College Dundee]] with [[Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig|Earl Haig]] to open its new playing fields, with Barrie bowling a few balls to Haig.<ref name=Dundee>{{cite web|last=Baxter|first=Kenneth|title=J M Barrie and Rudyard Kipling|url=http://www.archives-records-artefacts.blogspot.com/2011/03/j-m-barrie-and-rudyard-kipling.html|work=Archives Records and Artefacts at the University of Dundee|date=29 March 2011|publisher=[[University of Dundee]]|access-date=16 September 2016}}</ref> He served as [[Chancellor of the University of Edinburgh]] from 1930 to 1937.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=q3tQAAAAIBAJ&pg=4640%2C3428839 |title=New Chancellor. Installation of James Barrie |work=[[The Glasgow Herald]] |date=24 October 1930 |page=13 |access-date=20 February 2018}}</ref>

Barrie was the only person to receive the Freedom of Kirriemuir in a ceremony on 7 June 1930 in [[Kirriemuir Town Hall]] where he was presented with a silver casket containing the freedom scroll. The casket was made by silversmiths Brook & Son in Edinburgh in 1929 and is decorated with images of sites in Kirriemuir which held significant memories for Barrie: Kirriemuir Townhouse, Strathview, Window in Thrums, the statue of Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens and the Barrie Cricket Pavilion. The casket is on display in the Kirrimuir Gateway to the Glens Museum in the [[Kirriemuir Town House]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/culture/books/jm-barrie-silver-casket-on-show-in-kirriemuir-1-3090030 |title=JM Barrie silver casket on show in Kirriemuir|newspaper=The Scotsman|date= 12 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207020214/https://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/culture/books/jm-barrie-silver-casket-on-show-in-kirriemuir-1-3090030 |archive-date=7 February 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>

{{Infobox COA wide
|image = Barrie Achievement.png
|escutcheon = Barry of six Argent and Gules in chief a lion passant guardant counterchanged and issuant from the base reeds Proper.
|crest = An open book amid reeds all Proper.
|motto = Amour De La Bonte (Love of Goodness)<ref>{{cite book|title=Burke's Peerage |date=1915 |page=193}}</ref>}}

===Legacy===
*The [[Sir James Barrie Primary School]] in [[Wandsworth]], [[South West (London sub region)|South West London]] is named after him.
*[[The Barrie School]] in [[Silver Spring, Maryland]], is also named in his honour.<ref>{{cite web|author=Carnival PR and Design |url=http://www.barrie.org/ |title=The Barrie School |publisher=Barrie.org |access-date=22 July 2009}}</ref>

==Bibliography==
===Peter Pan===
*''[[The Little White Bird]]'', or ''Adventures in Kensington Gardens'' (1902)
*''[[Peter Pan (play)|Peter Pan; or, the Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up]]'' (staged 1904, published 1928)
*''[[Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens]]'' (1906)
*''[[When Wendy Grew Up|When Wendy Grew Up: An Afterthought]]'' (written – 1908, published 1957)
*''[[Peter and Wendy]]'' (novel) (1911)

===Other works by year===
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* ''Better Dead'' (1887)
* ''Auld Licht Idylls'' (1888)
* ''When a Man's Single'' (1888)
* ''A Window in Thrums'' (1889)
* ''My Lady Nicotine'' (1890), republished in 1926 with the subtitle ''A Study in Smoke''
* ''The Little Minister'' (1891) 
* ''[[Richard Savage (poet)|Richard Savage]]'' (1891)
* ''Ibsen's Ghost (Toole Up-to-Date)'' (1891)
* ''Walker, London'' (1892)
* ''[[Jane Annie]]'' (opera), music by [[Ernest Ford]], libretto by Barrie and [[Arthur Conan Doyle]] (1893)
* ''A Powerful Drug and Other Stories'' (1893)
* ''A Tillyloss Scandal'' (1893)
* ''Two of Them'' (1893)
* ''A Lady's Shoe''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fadedpage.com/showbook.php?pid=20120739|title=A Lady's Shoe|website=www.fadedpage.com}}</ref> (1893) (two short stories: ''A Lady's Shoe'', ''The Inconsiderate Waiter'')
* ''Life in a Country Manse'' (1894)
* ''Scotland's Lament: A Poem on the Death of Robert Louis Stevenson'' (1895)
* ''Sentimental Tommy, The Story of His Boyhood'' (1896) 
* ''[[Margaret Ogilvy]]'' (1896)
* ''Jess''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fadedpage.com/showbook.php?pid=20120734|title=Jess|website=www.fadedpage.com}}</ref> (1898)
* ''Tommy and Grizel'' (1900)  
* ''The Wedding Guest'' (1900)
* ''The Boy Castaways of Black Lake Island'' (1901)
* ''[[Quality Street (play)|Quality Street]]'' (play) (1901)
* ''[[The Admirable Crichton]]'' (play) (1902)
* ''Little Mary'' (play) (1903)
* ''Alice Sit-by-the-Fire'' (play) (1905)
* ''Pantaloon'' (1905)
* ''[[What Every Woman Knows (play)|What Every Woman Knows]]'' (play) (1908)
* ''Half an Hour''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fadedpage.com/showbook.php?pid=20111012|title=Half an Hour|website=www.fadedpage.com}}</ref> (play) (1913)
* ''Half Hours''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fadedpage.com/showbook.php?pid=20090903|title=Half Hours|website=www.fadedpage.com}}</ref> (1914) includes:
**''Pantaloon''
**''The Twelve-Pound Look'' (1911)<ref name="pound">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.filmink.com.au/forgotten-australian-television-plays-the-twelve-pound-look/|magazine=Filmink|title=Forgotten Australian Television Plays: The Twelve Pound Look|first= Stephen|last= Vagg|date=January 30, 2022|access-date=August 13, 2024}}</ref>
**''Rosalind''
**''The Will''
* ''[[The Legend of Leonora]]'' (1914)
* ''Der Tag<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.greatwartheatre.org.uk/db/script/172/|title=Der Tag|accessdate=11 March 2023}}</ref> (The Tragic Man)'' (Short play) (1914)
*''The New Word''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.greatwartheatre.org.uk/db/script/327/|title=The New Word|accessdate=11 March 2023}}</ref> (play) (1915)
* ''Charles Frohman: A Tribute'' (1915)
*''Rosy Rapture''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.greatwartheatre.org.uk/db/script/329/|title=Rosy Rapture|accessdate=11 March 2023}}</ref> (play) (1915)
* ''[[A Kiss for Cinderella]]'' (play) (1916)
*''Real Thing at Last''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.greatwartheatre.org.uk/db/script/1127/|title=Real Thing at Last|accessdate=11 March 2023}}</ref> (play) (1916)
*''Shakespeare's Legacy''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.greatwartheatre.org.uk/db/script/1214/|title=Shakespeare's Legacy|accessdate=11 March 2023}}</ref> (play) (1916)
*''A Strange Play''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.greatwartheatre.org.uk/db/script/1813/|title=A Strange play|accessdate=11 March 2023}}</ref> (play) (1917)
*''Charwomen and the War'' or ''The Old Lady Shows her Medals''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.greatwartheatre.org.uk/db/script/1884/|title=Charwomen and the War or The Old Lady Shows Her Medals|accessdate=11 March 2023}}</ref> (play) (1917)
*''[[Dear Brutus]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.greatwartheatre.org.uk/db/script/2199/|title=Dear Brutus|accessdate=11 March 2023}}</ref> (1917) (play)
*''La Politesse''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.greatwartheatre.org.uk/db/script/2651/|title=La Politesse|accessdate=11 March 2023}}</ref> (play) (1918)
*''Echoes of the War'' (1918) Four plays, includes:
**''The New Word''
**''[[The Old Lady Shows Her Medals]]'' (basis for the movie ''Seven Days Leave'' (1930), starring [[Gary Cooper]])
**''A Well-Remembered Voice''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.greatwartheatre.org.uk/db/script/2653/|title=A Well-Remembered Voice|accessdate=11 March 2023}}</ref>
**''Barbara's Wedding''
* ''[[Mary Rose (play)|Mary Rose]]'' (1920)
* ''Courage'', the Rectorial Address delivered at St. Andrews University (1922)
* ''The Author'' (1925)
* Biographical Introduction to ''Scott's Last Expedition'' (preface) (orig. pub. 1913, introduction included in 1925 edition only)
* ''Cricket'' (1926)
* ''Shall We Join the Ladies?''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fadedpage.com/showbook.php?pid=20111011|title=Shall We Join the Ladies?|website=www.fadedpage.com}}</ref> (1928) includes:
**''Shall We Join the Ladies?''
**''Half an Hour''
**''Seven Women''
**''Old Friends''
* ''The Greenwood Hat'' (1930)
* ''Farewell Miss Julie Logan'' (1932)
* ''The Boy David'' (1936)
* ''M'Connachie and J. M. B.'' (1938)
* story treatment for film ''[[As You Like It (1936 film)|As You Like It]]'' (1936)
* ''The Reconstruction of the Crime'' (play), co-written with [[E. V. Lucas|E.V. Lucas]] (undated, first published 2017) 
* ''Stories by English Authors: London'' (selected by Scribners, as contributor)
* ''Stories by English Authors: Scotland'' (selected by Scribners, as contributor)
* preface to ''The Young Visiters or, Mr. Salteena's Plan'' by [[Daisy Ashford]]
* ''The Earliest Plays of J. M. Barrie: Bandelero the Bandit, Bohemia and Caught Napping'', edited by R.D.S. Jack (2014)
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Further reading==
* [[Cairns Craig|Craig, Cairns]] (1980), ''Fearful Selves: Character, Community and the Scottish Imagination'', in ''[[Cencrastus]]'' No. 4, Winter 1980-81, pp.&nbsp;29 – 32, {{issn|0264-0856}}
* [[John Pick|Pick, J.B.]] (1993), "Fear of the Dark: J.M. Barrie (1860-1937)", in ''The Great Shadow House: Essays on the Metaphysical Tradition in Scottish Fiction'', Polygon, Edinburgh, pp.&nbsp;53 – 58, {{isbn|9780748661169}}
* Shaw, Michael (ed.) (2020), ''A Friendship in Letters: Robert Louis Stevenson & J.M. Barrie'', Sandstone Press, Inverness {{isbn|978-1-913207-02-1}}

== Archival collections ==

* [https://archives.yale.edu/repositories/11/resources/5455 J. M. Barrie Collection] at the [[Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library]]
* [https://norman.hrc.utexas.edu/fasearch/findingAid.cfm?eadID=01088 J. M. Barrie Collection] at the [[Harry Ransom Center]]

==External links==
{{Commons category|James Barrie}}
{{Wikiquote}}{{wikisource|works=or}}

* {{FadedPage|id=Barrie, James Matthew|name=James Matthew Barrie|author=yes}}
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=James Matthew Barrie}}
* {{Librivox author|id=1860}}
* {{Gutenberg author |id=10}}
* {{StandardEbooks|Standard Ebooks URL=https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/j-m-barrie}}
* {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/PeterPanWendyDarling|title=Peter Pan & Wendy Darling|date=11 October 1911}} (''Peter Pan'' complete)
*[https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/transformingsociety/private-lives/relationships/collections1/1968-theatre-censorship/1909-censorship-committee/ J.M Barrie & 1909 Theatre Censorship Committee – UK Parliament Living Heritage]
* [http://www.jmbarrie.co.uk JMbarrie.co.uk] site authorised by [[Great Ormond Street Hospital]], edited by Andrew Birkin, includes database of original photographs, letters, documents and audio interviews conducted by Birkin in 1975–76
* [http://www.gosh.org/peterpan/copyright/ Great Ormond Street Hospital's copyright claim] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101011190906/http://www.gosh.org/peterpan/copyright/ |date=11 October 2010 }}
* [http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2004/11/22/lost-boys "Why J. M. Barrie Created Peter Pan"], Anthony Lane, ''[[New Yorker (magazine)|The New Yorker]]'', 22 November 2004
* [http://www.siracd.com/life/life_Barrie.shtml "J. M. Barrie and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051102203620/http://siracd.com/life/life_Barrie.shtml |date=2 November 2005 }} at The Chronicles of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (siracd.com)
* [http://www.lostplays.com/play/the-will Audio recording of Barrie's short play ''The Will'']—Recording by professional actors at LostPlays.com
* [https://www.britishpathe.com/video/sir-james-barrie/ Film of Barrie from 1922 as Rector of St Andrews with Ellen Terry]
* {{IMDb name| id=0057381 | name=J. M. Barrie}}
* {{ISFDB name|1967}}
* [https://www.greatwartheatre.org.uk/db/person/162/ Plays by J. M. Barrie at the Great War Theatre website]
{{s-start}}
{{s-aca}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig|The Earl Haig]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Rector of the University of St Andrews]]|years=1919–1922}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Rudyard Kipling]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Arthur Balfour|The Earl of Balfour]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Chancellor of the University of Edinburgh]]|years=1930–1937}}
{{s-aft|after=[[John Buchan, 1st Baron Tweedsmuir|The Lord Tweedsmuir]]}}
{{s-reg|uk-bt}}
{{s-new|Creation}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Baronet]]<br />'''(of Adelphi Terrace)''' | years=1913–1937}}
{{s-non|reason=Extinct}}
{{s-end}}
{{Peter Pan}}
{{The Admirable Crichton}}
{{Rectors of the University of St Andrews}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Barrie, James Matthew}}
[[Category:J. M. Barrie| ]]
[[Category:1860 births]]
[[Category:1937 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century Scottish dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:19th-century Scottish novelists]]
[[Category:20th-century Scottish dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:20th-century Scottish novelists]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh]]
[[Category:Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Chancellors of the University of Edinburgh]]
[[Category:Deaths from pneumonia in England]]
[[Category:Kailyard school]]
[[Category:Members of the Order of Merit]]
[[Category:People educated at Dumfries Academy]]
[[Category:People educated at Forfar Academy]]
[[Category:People educated at the Glasgow Academy]]
[[Category:People from Kirriemuir]]
[[Category:Rectors of the University of St Andrews]]
[[Category:Victorian novelists]]
[[Category:Scottish children's writers]]
[[Category:Scottish fantasy writers]]
[[Category:Scottish journalists]]
[[Category:Scottish male novelists]]
[[Category:Scottish opera librettists]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Society of Authors]]
[[Category:Writers of Gothic fiction]]