View source for J. Michael Bishop

{{short description|American immunologist and microbiologist (born 1936)}}
{{Distinguish|Michael J. Bishop}}

{{Infobox scientist
|name              = J. Michael Bishop
|birth_name        = John Michael Bishop
|image             = Nci-vol-8172-300 j michael bishop.jpg
|caption           = Portrait of Bishop
|birth_date        = {{birth date and age|1936|2|22}}
|birth_place       = [[York, Pennsylvania]], U.S.
|death_date        =
|death_place       =
|residence         =
|field             = [[Virology]]
|work_institutions = {{Plainlist|
* [[University of California, San Francisco]]
* [[Heinrich Pette Institute]]
* [[National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases]]}}
|education         = [[Gettysburg College]] (Bachelors)<br>[[Harvard University]] ([[Doctor of Medicine|MD]])
|doctoral_advisor  =
|doctoral_students =
|known_for         = [[Oncogene]] [[Virus]]
|website = {{URL|http://profiles.ucsf.edu/j.michael.bishop}}
|influences        =
|influenced        =
|prizes            = {{Plainlist|
* [[Dickson Prize]] {{small|(1986)}}
* [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] {{small|(1989)}}
* [[ASCB Public Service Award]] <small>(1998)</small>
* [[National Medal of Science]] {{small|(2003)}}
<!--* [[Fellow of the Royal Society|ForMemRS]] {{small|(2008)}}<ref name=formemrs/>-->
* [[Clark Kerr Award]] {{small|(2020)}}}}
|footnotes         =
|signature         =
}}

'''John Michael Bishop''' (born February 22, 1936) is an American [[immunologist]] and [[microbiologist]] who shared the 1989 [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] with [[Harold E. Varmus]].<ref>[http://visualsonline.cancer.gov/details.cfm?imageid=8172 NCI Visuals Online: Image Details]. Visualsonline.cancer.gov. Retrieved on 2013-11-24.</ref> He serves as an active faculty member at the [[University of California, San Francisco]] ([[UCSF]]), where he also served as chancellor from 1998 to 2009.<ref name="nobio">{{Nobelprize|name=J. Michael Bishop|accessdate=2020-10-12}}</ref><ref name="ucsf">[http://chancellor.ucsf.edu/Chancellor/jmb.htm Autobiography on UCSF Website] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810091101/http://chancellor.ucsf.edu/Chancellor/jmb.htm |date=August 10, 2014 }}</ref><ref name="nopress">[http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1989/press.html Nobel Prize press release]</ref><ref name="stepdown">{{Cite web |url=http://news.ucsf.edu/releases/susan-desmond-hellmann-named-uc-san-francisco-chancellor/ |title=Susan Desmond-Hellmann named UC San Francisco chancellor |access-date=2010-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100610150844/http://news.ucsf.edu/releases/susan-desmond-hellmann-named-uc-san-francisco-chancellor/ |archive-date=2010-06-10 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="nms">[https://www.nsf.gov/od/nms/recip_details.cfm?recip_id=5000000000423 National Medal of Science details]</ref>

== Education and early life ==
Bishop was born in [[York, Pennsylvania]]. He attended [[Gettysburg College]] as an undergraduate, where he was a brother of the Theta-Pi Zeta chapter of [[Lambda Chi Alpha]] fraternity. He later attended [[Harvard University Medical School]], where he earned an [[Doctor of Medicine|MD]] in 1962.<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Shampo | first1=Marc A. | last2=Kyle | first2=Robert A. | title=J. Michael Bishop—Nobel Laureate in Medicine or Physiology | journal=Mayo Clinic Proceedings | volume=77 | issue=12 | year=2002 | doi=10.4065/77.12.1312 | page=1312| pmid=12479518 | doi-access=free }}</ref>

==Career==
Bishop began his career working for the [[National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases]], a part of the [[National Institutes of Health]].  He then spent a year working for the [[Heinrich Pette Institute]] in [[Hamburg]], [[Germany]] before joining the faculty of the [[University of California, San Francisco]] in 1968.<ref name="ucsf"/> Bishop has remained on the school's faculty since 1968, and was chancellor of the university from 1998 to 2009.<ref name="stepdown"/> He is director of the Bishop Lab.<ref>[http://hooper.ucsf.edu/hooper/bishop_lab.html Bishop Lab]. Hooper.ucsf.edu. Retrieved on 2013-11-24. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202223641/http://hooper.ucsf.edu/hooper/bishop_lab.html |date=December 2, 2013 }}</ref>

He became the eighth chancellor of UCSF in 1998. He oversaw one of UCSF's major transition and growth periods, including the expanding Mission Bay development and philanthropic support recruitment. During his tenure, he unveiled the first comprehensive, campus-wide, strategic plan to promote diversity and foster a supportive work environment. During this time, UCSF also adopted a new mission: ''advancing health worldwide''™.<ref>{{cite web|title=John Michael Bishop - Biography - A History of UCSF|url=http://history.library.ucsf.edu/bishop.html|website=history.library.ucsf.edu|language=en}}</ref>

==Research==
Much of this work was conducted jointly with Harold Varmus in a notably long scientific partnership. Their best-known accomplishment<ref>{{Cite journal|last1 = Stehelin|first1 = D.|last2 = Varmus|first2 = H. E.|last3 = Bishop|first3 = J. M.|last4 = Vogt|first4 = P. K.|date = 1976-03-11|title = DNA related to the transforming gene(s) of avian sarcoma viruses is present in normal avian DNA|journal = Nature|language = en|volume = 260|issue = 5547|pages = 170–173|doi = 10.1038/260170a0|pmid = 176594|bibcode = 1976Natur.260..170S|s2cid = 4178400}}</ref> was the identification of a cellular gene (c-src) that gave rise to the v-src oncogene of Rous Sarcoma Virus, a cancer-causing virus first isolated from a chicken sarcoma by [[Peyton Rous]] in 1910.  Their discovery triggered the identification of many other cellular proto-oncogenes—progenitors of viral oncogenes and targets for mutations that drive human cancers.

==Awards and honors==
Bishop is best known for his Nobel-winning work on [[retrovirus|retroviral]] [[oncogenes]].  Working with [[Harold E. Varmus]] in the 1980s, he discovered the first human oncogene, [[Src (gene)#c-src|c-Src]].  Their findings allowed the understanding of how malignant [[tumor]]s are formed from changes to the normal [[gene]]s of a [[Cell (biology)|cell]].  These changes can be produced by viruses, by radiation, or by exposure to some chemicals.<ref name="nopress"/><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ucsfcat.library.ucsf.edu/record=b1894718~S0 |title=Michael Bishop archival collection at UCSF |access-date=2015-05-14 |archive-date=2015-10-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022012026/http://ucsfcat.library.ucsf.edu/record=b1894718~S0 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/AB/BC/J_Michael_Bishop.php J. Michael Bishop at AccesExcellence.org] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090715203410/http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/AB/BC/J_Michael_Bishop.php |date=2009-07-15 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.ibiology.org/ibioseminars/cancer-medicine/j-michael-bishop-part-1.html J. Michael Bishop's lecture: "Cancer: The rise of the genetic paradigm"]</ref>

Bishop is a member of the [[National Academy of Sciences]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=J. Michael Bishop|url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/57676.html|access-date=2021-12-20|website=www.nasonline.org}}</ref> the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=John Michael Bishop|url=https://www.amacad.org/person/john-michael-bishop|access-date=2021-12-20|website=American Academy of Arts & Sciences|language=en}}</ref> and the [[American Philosophical Society]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=APS Member History|url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=J.+Michael+Bishop&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced|access-date=2021-12-20|website=search.amphilsoc.org}}</ref>

Bishop is also a recipient of [[National Medal of Science]] in 2003.<ref name="nms"/> That same year, his book  "How to win the Nobel Prize: An Unexpected Life in Science" was published. He was elected [[List of Fellows of the Royal Society elected in 2008|Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 2008]].<ref name=formemrs>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021080638/https://royalsociety.org/people/j-michael-bishop-11093/
|archive-date=2015-10-21|url=https://royalsociety.org/people/j-michael-bishop-11093/|title=Professor J Michael Bishop ForMemRS|publisher=[[Royal Society]]|location=London}}</ref>
In 2020, Bishop received from the [[UC Berkeley]] Academic Senate the [[Clark Kerr Award]] for distinguished leadership in higher education.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the Clark Kerr Award {{!}} Academic Senate|url=https://academic-senate.berkeley.edu/senate-service/awards/clark-kerr-award/clark-kerr-award-history|access-date=2021-02-13|website=academic-senate.berkeley.edu}}</ref>

==Archival collections==
The University of California, San Francisco Archives and Special Collections houses a collection of J. Michael Bishop papers, including his laboratory research notebooks, writings, photographs, and other material.<ref>Calisphere J. Michael Bishop Collection: https://calisphere.org/collections/26395/</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|35em}}

==External links==
* {{Nobelprize|name=J. Michael Bishop}}
{{s-start}}
{{succession box | title=[[American Society for Cell Biology|ASCB]] Presidents | before=[[Ursula Goodenough]] | years=1996| after=[[Mina Bissell]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Laureates 1976-2000}}
{{1989 Nobel Prize winners}}
{{Winners of the National Medal of Science|biological}}
{{UCSanFrancisco chancellors}}
{{FRS 2008}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bishop, J. Michael}}
[[Category:21st-century American biologists]]
[[Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:American immunologists]]
[[Category:American microbiologists]]
[[Category:American Nobel laureates]]
[[Category:American virologists]]
[[Category:Gettysburg College alumni]]
[[Category:Harvard Medical School alumni]]
[[Category:Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine]]
[[Category:National Medal of Science laureates]]
[[Category:University of California, San Francisco faculty]]
[[Category:1936 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from York, Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Foreign members of the Royal Society]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research]]
[[Category:Members of the American Philosophical Society]]
[[Category:Members of the National Academy of Medicine]]