View source for Jacob Schiff

{{Short description|American businessman and banker}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name                = Jacob Schiff
| image               = Portrait of Jacob Schiff.jpg
| caption             = Portrait by [[Aimé Dupont]], 1903
| birth_name          = Jakob Heinrich Schiff
| birth_date          = {{Birth date|1847|1|10}}
| birth_place         = [[Frankfurt]], German Confederation
| death_date          = {{Death date and age|1920|9|25|1847|1|10}}
| death_place         = [[New York City]], U.S.
| other_names         = 
| known_for           = 
| occupation          = Banker and businessman
| citizenship         = German (1847–1870)<br />American (1870–1920)
| spouse              = {{marriage|Therese Loeb|1875}}
| children            = [[Frieda Schiff Warburg|Frieda Schiff]] (1876–1958)<br>[[Mortimer L. Schiff]] (1877–1931)
| order               = 
| office              = Senior Partner, [[Kuhn, Loeb & Co.]]
| term_start          = 1885
| term_end            = September 25, 1920
| appointed           = 
| predecessor         = 
| successor           = [[Mortimer Leo Schiff]]
}}

'''Jacob Henry Schiff''' (born '''Jakob Heinrich Schiff'''; January 10, 1847 – September 25, 1920) was a German-born American [[banker]], businessman, and philanthropist. He helped finance the expansion of American railroads and the Japanese military efforts against [[Russian Empire|Tsarist Russia]] in the [[Russo-Japanese War]].

Born in [[Frankfurt]], Germany, Schiff migrated to the United States after the [[American Civil War]] and joined the firm [[Kuhn, Loeb & Co.]]<ref name="jewishencyclopedia.com">{{cite web|url=http://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/13266-schiff|title=SCHIFF - JewishEncyclopedia.com|website=jewishencyclopedia.com}}</ref> From his base on [[Wall Street]], he was the foremost Jewish leader from 1880 to 1920 in what later became known as the "Schiff era", grappling with all major Jewish issues and problems of the day, including the [[Antisemitism in the Russian Empire|plight of Russian Jews]], American and international [[antisemitism]], care of needy Jewish immigrants, and the rise of [[Streams of Zionism|Zionism]].<ref>Naomi Wiener Cohen, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=fpIOia8QxyYC&pg=PP4 Jacob H. Schiff: a study in American Jewish leadership]''</ref><ref>[[Nathan Glazer|Glazer, N]] (1957) ''American Judaism'', [[University of Chicago Press|UCP]].</ref> He also became a director of many important corporations, including the [[National City Bank (New York City)|National City Bank of New York]], [[AXA Equitable Life Insurance Company|Equitable Life Assurance Society]], [[Wells Fargo|Wells Fargo & Company]], and the [[Union Pacific Railroad]]. In many of his interests he was associated with [[E. H. Harriman]].

==Early life and education==
Schiff was born in 1847 in the [[Frankfurter Judengasse|''Judengasse'']] in [[Frankfurt am Main]], Germany, to Moses and Clara ([[née]] Niederhofheim) Schiff, members of a distinguished  [[Ashkenazi Jewish]] [[rabbi]]nical family that traced its lineage in Frankfurt back to 1370. One ancestor, [[ David Tevele Schiff]], became lead rabbi in Great Britain and from 1765 until his death was acting head of the [[London Synagogue]]. Meir Ben Jacob Schiff, another relative, had become renowned as a Talmudic scholar and commentator in the 14th century. Jacob's father, Moses Schiff, was a broker for the [[Rothschild family|Rothschilds]].<ref name="jewishencyclopedia.com"/> Schiff was educated in the schools of Frankfurt, and was first employed in the banking and brokerage business as an apprentice in 1861.<ref name=ncab>''The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography'', Vol. XIII, p. 533. New York: James T. White & Company, 1906.</ref><ref name=dab>{{Cite DAB|title=Schiff, Jacob Henry|pages=430–432}}</ref> 

After the [[American Civil War]] had ended in April 1865, Schiff came to the United States, arriving in New York City on August 6. He became a broker on November 21, 1866, and joined the firm of Budge, Schiff & Company in 1867. He became a [[naturalization|naturalized]] [[United States citizen|citizen of the United States]] in September 1870.<ref name=dab/>However, Schiff's modern biographer Cohen, says this happened a year later. 

Upon the dissolution of Budge, Schiff & Company in 1872, Schiff decided to return to Germany. In 1873, he became manager of the [[Hamburg]] branch of the London & Hanseatic Bank. He returned to Frankfurt, however, upon the death of his father later that year. In 1874, [[Abraham Kuhn (banker)|Abraham Kuhn]] of the banking firm of [[Kuhn, Loeb & Co.|Kuhn, Loeb & Company]] invited him to return to New York City and enter the firm.<ref name=dab/> Not long after joining the firm of Kuhn, Loeb & Co., Schiff was in essence running the business.

==Career==
Along with [[H. B. Claflin]], [[Marcellus Hartley]], [[Robert L. Cutting]], and [[Joseph Seligman]], he was a founder of the [[Continental Bank of New York]] in August 1870.<ref name=nyt-anniv>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Continental Bank to Mark 70th Year; Institution Has 3,500 Depositors and 6,000 Stockholders |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1940/08/01/archives/continental-bank-to-mark-70th-year-institution-has-3500-depositors.html | work=[[The New York Times]] |location=New York City, New York, United States |date=August 1, 1940 |access-date=November 2, 2017}}</ref>

===Kuhn, Loeb & Company===
Schiff accepted Kuhn's invitation in January 1875, bringing to Kuhn, Loeb & Company his connections with Sir [[Ernest Cassel]] of London, [[Robert Fleming (financier)|Robert Fleming]] of [[Dundee]] (later of London), and {{Interlanguage link multi|Edouard Noetzlin|fr}} of the [[Paribas|Banque de Paris et des Pays-Bas]] (Bank of Paris and the Netherlands or Paribas).<ref name=dab/> On May 6, 1875, he married Therese Loeb, daughter of [[Solomon Loeb]]. The couple were the parents of a son, [[Mortimer L. Schiff]] and a daughter, [[Frieda Schiff Warburg|Frieda]].<ref name=ncab/><ref name=dab/><ref>Their daughter Frieda Schiff-Warburg (February 3, 1876 – September 14, 1958); married [[Felix M. Warburg]] in 1895. Both Frieda's husband and her brother Mortimer became partners in Kuhn, Loeb & Co.</ref>

In 1885, Schiff became head of Kuhn, Loeb & Company. Besides financing Eastern railroads such as the [[Pennsylvania Railroad|Pennsylvania]] and the [[Louisville & Nashville Railroad|Louisville & Nashville]], he took part in the reorganization of the [[Baltimore and Ohio Railroad]] in 1896–99, and at various times aided the American Smelting & Refining Company ([[ASARCO]]), the [[Westinghouse Electric Company]], and the [[Western Union]] Telegraph Company. Less fortunate was his share in the reorganization in 1902 of the [[Metropolitan Street Railway]] of New York.<ref name=dab/>

He became associated with [[E. H. Harriman]] in notable contests with [[James J. Hill]] and [[J.P. Morgan & Company]] for control of several Western railroads. Schiff served as a director of the [[AXA Equitable Life Insurance Company|Equitable Life Assurance Society]], [[National City Bank of New York]], [[Central Trust Company]], [[Western Union Telegraph Company]], [[Union Pacific Railroad]], and Bond & Mortgage Guarantee Company. He was elected a director of [[Wells Fargo & Company]] in September 1914 to succeed his brother-in-law, [[Paul Warburg]], who had resigned to accept appointment to the original [[Federal Reserve]] Board.<ref name=ncab/><ref name=dab/><ref>{{cite book |first=Walter |last=Lord |title=The Good Years: From 1900 to the First World War |pages=71–79 |location=New York |publisher=Harper & Brothers |year=1960 |isbn=9781412818308 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oVoXPgze4uoC&pg=PA71 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=Noel M. |last=Loomis |title=Wells Fargo |page=315 |location=New York |publisher=Clarkson N. Potter |year=1968 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=znS3AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA315 }}</ref>

===National loans===
What is perhaps Schiff's most famous financial action took place during the [[Russo-Japanese War]] (1904–1905). Schiff met with [[Takahashi Korekiyo]], deputy governor of the [[Bank of Japan]], in Paris in April 1904. Schiff agreed to extend loans to the [[Empire of Japan]] in the amount of $200 million (equivalent to ${{Inflation|US-GDP|0.2|1905|r=1}} billion in {{Inflation-year|US-GDP}}{{inflation-fn|US-GDP}}), through Kuhn, Loeb & Co.<ref name=dab/> These loans were the first major flotation of Japanese bonds on [[Wall Street]], and provided approximately half the funds needed for Japan's war effort.<ref name= Kowner>{{cite book | last = Kowner| first = Rotem|author-link=Rotem Kowner |year = 2006 | title = Historical Dictionary of the Russo-Japanese War| url = https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio00libg_334| url-access = limited| publisher = The Scarecrow Press | isbn=0-8108-4927-5| pages=[https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio00libg_334/page/n388 344]–345}}</ref> Schiff made this loan in part because he believed gold was not as important as national effort and desire to win a war and due to the apparent underdog status of Japan at the time: a European empire had not yet been defeated by a non-Western nation, in a modern, full-scale war. It is quite likely Schiff also saw this loan as a means of answering, on behalf of the Jewish people for the antisemitic actions of the [[Russian Empire]], specifically the recent [[Chișinău pogrom (1903)|Kishinev pogrom]] in 1903.

This loan attracted worldwide attention, and had major consequences. Since their domestic economy was still developing, Japan's military was dependent on massive imports of munitions, purchases made possible by Schiff's loan. In 1905, Japan awarded Schiff the [[Order of the Sacred Treasure]],<ref>Cyrus Adler, ''Jacob Henry Schiff: A Biographical Sketch'', p. 12. New York: The American Jewish Committee, 1921</ref> and in 1907, the [[Order of the Rising Sun|Order of the Rising Sun, Gold and Silver Star]], the second highest of the eight classes of that Order.<ref>Adler, p. 14.</ref> Schiff was the first foreigner to receive the Order in person from [[Emperor Meiji]] in the Imperial Palace.<ref>Pamela Rotner Sakamoto, ''Japanese Diplomats and Jewish Refugees'', p. 17. Westport, Conn.: Praeger Publishers, 1998.</ref> Schiff also had a private audience with King [[Edward VII of the United Kingdom]] in 1904.

In addition to his famous loan to Japan, Schiff financed loans to many other nations{{such as?|date=November 2021}}, including those that would come to comprise the [[Central Powers]]{{cn|date=November 2021}}. During World War I, Schiff urged U.S. President [[Woodrow Wilson]] and other [[Allies of World War I|Allied]] statesmen to end the war as quickly as possible, even without an Allied victory{{cn|date=November 2020}}. He feared for the lives of his family, back in Germany, but also for the future of his adopted land. He arranged loans to France and other nations for humanitarian purposes,{{cn|date=November 2020}} and spoke out against [[submarine warfare]].{{cn|date=November 2021}}

Schiff forbade any of the funds from his loans from going to the Russian Empire, due to the Tsarist regime's oppression of the Jewish people. When [[February Revolution|the Tsar was overthrown in 1917]], Schiff believed that the oppression of Russia's Jews would end and formally repealed the impediments within his firm against lending to Russia.

However, Schiff's stance changed again upon the [[Bolsheviks]]' seizure of power:

<blockquote>"Schiff's gripe against Russia had been its anti-Semitism. At home Schiff had never shown any sympathy for socialism, not even the milder [[Morris Hillquit]] variety. Schiff had declared victory for his purposes in Russia after the tsar was toppled in March 1917 and [[Alexander Kerensky]], representing the new provisional government, had declared Jews to be equal citizens. In addition to repeated public statements of support, he used both his personal wealth and the resources of Kuhn Loeb to float large loans to Kerensky's regime. When [[Lenin]] and [[Trotsky]] seized power for themselves in November 1917, Schiff immediately rejected them, cut off further loans, started funding anti-Bolshevist groups, and even demanded that the Bolsheviks pay back some of the money he'd loaned Kerensky. Schiff also joined a British-backed effort to appeal to fellow Jews in Russia to continue the fight against Germany."<ref>{{Cite book|title=Trotsky in New York, 1917: A Radical on the Eve of Revolution|last=Ackerman|first=Kenneth|publisher=Counterpoint|year=2016|pages=320–321}}</ref></blockquote>

===Charitable endeavors===
Schiff believed in the Jewish charitable principle of [[Zedakah]]. Beginning in childhood he recalled "Kindness was the keynote of the household... It was made our duty to put one-tenth aside for charity according to the old Jewish tradition."<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Birmingham |first=Stephen |title=Our Crowd: The great Jewish families of New York |publisher=Syracuse University Press; New edition |year=1967 |isbn=978-0815604112 |pages=Chapter 41}}</ref>

Schiff always felt strongly about his connection to the [[Jews|Jewish people]], and demonstrated this through his philanthropy. He founded the [[Jewish Industrial Removal Office]] which relocated New York immigrant Jews to the Western United States. He also founded an additional point of immigrant entry to the U.S. through [[Galveston, Texas]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/the-nearly-forgotten-jews-who-helped-make-the-american-west/|title=The nearly forgotten Jews who helped make the American West|last=Eshman|first=Adi|website=[[The Times of Israel]]|date=21 December 2019 |language=en-US|access-date=2019-12-22 |issn=0040-7909}}</ref> He supported relief efforts for the victims of pogroms in Russia, and helped establish and develop [[Hebrew Union College]], the [[Jewish Theological Seminary of America|Jewish Theological Seminary]], the Jewish Division in the [[New York Public Library]], and the [[American Jewish Committee]].

Schiff grew to be one of American Jewry's top philanthropists and leaders, donating to nearly every major Jewish cause, New York examples being the [[Montefiore Home for Chronic Invalids]], of which he was president,<ref>Heilbrunn, Bernice. [http://www.immigrantentrepreneurship.org/entry.php?rec=41 "Jacob H. Schiff."] In ''Immigrant Entrepreneurship: German-American Business Biographies, 1720 to the Present'', vol. 3, edited by Giles R. Hoyt. German Historical Institute. Last modified August 05, 2013.</ref> the [[Young Men's Hebrew Association]] building and the [[Jewish Theological Seminary of America|Jewish Theological Seminary]].<ref name=americana>{{Cite Americana|wstitle=Schiff, Jacob Henry|year=1920}}</ref> 

He was also involved with many secular American causes: in addition to serving on the Board of Managers of the [[New York Zoological Society]], he gave to such organizations as the [[Boy Scouts of America]], the [[Harvard Semitic Museum]], the [[American Museum of Natural History]], [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], [[American Fine Arts Society]], [[American Geographical Society]], and [[Barnard College]]; and a number of other organizations for civil rights and the disadvantaged, such as the [[American Red Cross]], the [[Visiting Nurse Service of New York]] and [[Henry Street Settlement]] (New York) and [[Tuskegee Institute]].<ref name="ncab" /><ref name="dab" /><ref name="americana" />

Schiff was actively concerned with the improvement of civic conditions in New York City.  He was a vice president of the [[New York Chamber of Commerce]], and a member of the [[Committee of 70 (New York City)|Committee of 70]] which resulted in the overthrow of the [[Tweed Ring]].<ref name="colliers">{{Cite Collier's|wstitle=Schiff, Jacob Henry}}</ref>

On his 70th birthday, he distributed $700,000 among various charitable organizations and public institutions<ref name="eb">{{Cite EB1922|wstitle=Schiff, Jacob Henry}}</ref>

Schiff believed in the [[Talmud|Talmudic]] principle that "twice blessed is he who gives in secret." He did not permit his name to be attached to the buildings he sponsored, with the one exception of the Schiff Pavilion at his [[Montefiore Medical Center|Montefiore Hospital]], and never discussed the size of his gifts. Because of his secrecy, the exact amount of his philanthropic donations is impossible to calculate, but it has been estimated between $50 and $100 million dollars.<ref name=":0" />

===World War I===
The [[Action Française]] movement and its leader, [[Charles Maurras]], claimed that Schiff was thoroughly pro-German and had worked to prevent [[American entry into World War I]]. Maurras went so far as to suggest that a telegram from Schiff and other prominent American Jewish leaders convinced President Wilson to give in to certain German arguments at the post-war peace negotiations, including allowing [[Upper Silesia]] to have a plebiscite rather than being ceded to Poland.<ref>Charles Maurras, ''Dictionnaire Politique et Critique'', 1930–32, vol. II, pages 361–3.</ref> The telegram is not known to have actually existed. Moreover, it has been argued that Schiff stopped financing transactions for Germany or the Central Powers as of 1914, stopped speaking German in public and was eager to demonstrate his moral and financial commitment to the Allied cause.<ref>[[Stephen Birmingham]], ''[[Our Crowd]]: The Great Jewish Families of New York'', at p. 316–7</ref>

A practitioner of [[Reform Judaism]],<ref>[http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/13266-schiff#anchor1 "Schiff: Jacob Henry Schiff"]. ''[[Jewish Encyclopedia]]''.</ref> Schiff supported political, secular [[Zionism]]. Despite not agreeing fully with the ideas of [[Theodor Herzl]], and in fact believing that Zionism would cause Americans to question his loyalty, he donated to many Jewish projects in Israel, including the [[Technion|Technical Institute of Haifa]]. As the situation for Eastern European Jews grew more dire, with the [[Russian Revolution of 1917|Russian Revolution]] and subsequent [[Russian Civil War]], and pogroms in Ukraine, Schiff made more considerable contributions to the Zionist effort; he even offered to join the Zionist organization, provided he could publish a statement he'd prepared. This offer was denied, and so he never formally joined the Zionist camp.

Journalist [[George Kennan (explorer)|George Kennan]] noted that Schiff helped finance revolutionary propaganda during the Russo-Japanese War and Revolution of 1905,<ref>{{cite news |title=Pacifists Pester Till Mayor Calls Them Traitors |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10F15FA3F5E11738DDDAD0A94DB405B878DF1D3 |newspaper=[[New York Times]] |date=March 24, 1917 }}</ref> through the [[Society of Friends of Russian Freedom]]. ''The Jewish Communal Register of New York City'' stated that, "Mr. Schiff has always used his wealth and his influence in the best interests of his people. He financed the enemies of autocratic Russia and used his financial influence to keep Russia from the money markets of the United States."<ref>''The Jewish Communal Register of New York City'', 1917-1918, Second Edition, Kehillah, New York, (1919), [https://archive.org/stream/jewishcommunalr00marggoog#page/n953/mode/2up p. 1019]</ref>

==Death==
Schiff died at his [[Fifth Avenue]] home in [[Manhattan]], New York City on September 25, 1920.<ref name=obit>{{cite news |title=Jacob H. Schiff, Noted Financier, Dies In Fifth Av. Home After A Long Illness. Stricken By Heart Disease 6 Months Ago. Suffered Relapse Thursday. End Comes At 6:30 P.M. With His Family At His Bedside. Semi-Conscious For 3 Days Arteriosclerosis Given As Immediate Cause Of Death Of Famous Philanthropist |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1920/09/26/archives/jacob-h-schiff-noted-financier-dies-in-fifth-av-home-after-a-long.html |newspaper=[[New York Times]] |date=September 26, 1920 }}</ref> His funeral was held three days later  at [[Congregation Emanu-El of New York|Temple Emanu-El]], then located at 43rd Street and Fifth Avenue in Manhattan.<ref>{{cite news |title=Thousands Gather At Schiff Funeral |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1920/09/29/archives/thousands-gather-at-schiff-funeral-lower-east-side-pours-forth-its.html |newspaper=[[New York Times]] |date=September 29, 1920 }}</ref>

His estate was estimated at about $50,000,000 (approximately ${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|50000000|1920|r=-6}}}} today). He bequeathed $1,350,000 to various institutions, most of which had received benefactions during his life. The largest bequests were $500,000 to the Federation for the support of Jewish Philanthropic Societies of New York City and $300,000 to the Montefiore Home.<ref name="eb"/><ref>{{cite news |title=J. H. Schiff's Will |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1920/10/06/archives/jh-schiffs-will-its-text-in-full-document-represents-years-of-study.html |newspaper=[[New York Times]] |date= October 6, 1920}}</ref>

==Legacy==
He was succeeded as head of Kuhn, Loeb & Company by his son, [[Mortimer Leo Schiff]].<ref name=dab/>

Schiff was inducted into the [[Junior Achievement]] U.S. Business Hall of Fame in 1982.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Guzzardi |first1=Walter |title=THE U. S. BUSINESS HALL OF FAME |url=https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1989/03/13/71718/index.htm |access-date=18 December 2021 |agency=CNN Money |publisher=FORTUNE Magazine |date=13 March 1989}}</ref>

The Jacob Schiff Center, named after him, was a prominent Jewish cultural center and [[synagogue]] from the 1930s through at least the 1960s. It was located on Valentine Avenue, near the intersection of [[Fordham Road]] and the [[Grand Concourse (Bronx)|Grand Concourse]] in the [[Fordham, Bronx, New York|Fordham]] section of [[The Bronx]].<ref>Julian Voloj, [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E06EED8163FF931A15753C1A9609C8B63 "On Fordham Road: Signs of the Times"]. ''The New York Times''. October 22, 2006.</ref>

New York City public school number 192 in [[Harlem|West Harlem]] is also named for him. It serves grades pre-K through 5th grade.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://schools.nyc.gov/SchoolPortals/06/M192/default.htm|title=Welcome to PS 192 "Never let it rest until our good gets better and our better gets best" - P.S. 192 Jacob H. Schiff - M192 - New York City Department of Education|website=schools.nyc.gov}}</ref>

In Germany, there was an attempt to name a street Jacob-Schiff-Straße in [[Frankfurt]] in response to the numerous charitable donations he had made to the city. When the [[Nazi Party]] took power in 1933, the street's name was changed to Mummstraße after Daniel Heinrich Mumm von Schwarzenstein, the city's former mayor, as part of [[aryanization]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lazar |first1=Max |title=Swastikas on Jacob-Schiff-Straße: The Peculiar History of Jewish Street Names in Frankfurt, 1872–1938 |journal=Jewish Social Studies |date=Fall 2021 |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=118–148 |doi=10.2979/jewisocistud.26.3.05 |jstor=10.2979/jewisocistud.26.3.05 |s2cid=241141385 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/jewisocistud.26.3.05 |access-date=18 December 2021|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Mask |first1=Deirdre |title=The Address Book |date=2020 |publisher=St. Martin's Press |location=New York |isbn=9781250134769 |page=162}}</ref>

==Family==
*Wife: Therese ([[née]] Loeb)
*Children:  [[Mortimer Schiff]]; [[Frieda Schiff Warburg|Frieda Warburg, née Schiff]].
*Father: Moses Schiff
*Mother: Clara Schiff, née Niederhofheim
*Granddaughter: [[Dorothy Schiff]]
*Grandson: [[John M. Schiff]]
*Grandson: Henry Schiff
*Great Grandson: David T. Schiff
*Great-Great-Grandson: Hubert Jacob Henry Schiff
*Son-in-Law: [[Felix Warburg]]
*Brother-in-Law: [[Paul Warburg]]


David T. Schiff's son Andrew Neman Schiff was married previously to former [[Vice President of the United States|Vice President]] [[Al Gore]]'s daughter, [[Karenna Gore|Karenna]]. Together they had three children, before divorcing in 2010.

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==References==
* Gower, Adam.  (2018). ''Jacob Schiff and the Art of Risk'', (Palgrave Studies in the History of Finance) - https://jacobschiff.com/
* Cohen, Naomi Wiener. (1999). ''Jacob H. Schiff: a Study in American Jewish Leadership.'' 	Hanover, New Hampshire: [[University Press of New England]]. {{ISBN|978-0-87451-948-8}}: {{OCLC|123134648}}
* Schiff, Jacob Henry and Cyrus Adler. (1928). ''Jacob H. Schiff; his Life and Letters.'' Garden City, New York: [[Doubleday (publisher)|Doubleday]].  {{OCLC|801997}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*[http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=317&letter=S Jewish Encyclopedia]
*[https://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0312313101/ref=sib_cap_pdp_pg/002-3065255-2668032?ie=UTF8&keywords=Jacob%20Schiff&p=S00O&checkSum=A2PuY2NiwVh6fh%2BX7IcgOQ99Qc1LzMWKaLy2xdtgBv0%3D#reader-page Excerpt from the book ''The Lady Upstairs'', about contribution from Jacob Schiff]
* {{PM20|FID=pe/026129}}

{{American Jewish Committee}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Schiff, Jacob}}
[[Category:1847 births]]
[[Category:1920 deaths]]
[[Category:Jewish American bankers]]
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[[Category:Businesspeople from Frankfurt]]
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[[Category:German Reform Jews]]
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[[Category:Loeb family]]
[[Category:People of the Russo-Japanese War]]
[[Category:Progressive Era in the United States]]
[[Category:Schiff family|Jacob Schiff]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Rising Sun, 2nd class]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Sacred Treasure]]
[[Category:Wells Fargo employees]]
[[Category:Philanthropists from New York (state)]]
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