View source for Jadoon

{{pp|small=yes}}
{{Short description|Pashtun tribe}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=December 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group            = 
| native_name      = {{Nastaliq|'''جدون'''}}
| image            = 
| caption          = 
| population       = 
| region1          = {{Nowrap|[[Hazara region]]}}
| pop1             = {{Nowrap|[[Abbottabad]], [[Haripur District|Haripur]], [[Mansehra District|Mansehra]]}}
| region2          = 
| pop2             = 
| languages        = [[Pashto]], [[Hindko]]
| religions        = [[Islam]] [[file:Allah-green.svg|20x20px]]
| related_groups   = [[Pashtuns]]{{*}}[[Hazarewal]]
| footnotes        = 
}}
[[File:Jadoon tribal elder.png|thumb|A member of the Jadoon tribe in traditional dress, 1951]]
The '''Jadoon''',{{efn|May also be written as '''Gadoon''' on older historical books <br/> The original name of the tribe was '''Zhadoon''', but was changed to Gadoon due to the hard dialect of Pashto, and due to grammar habits of the tribes of the [[Valley of Peshawar|Peshawar valley]] with the tendency to change the letters ژ into ج, the variant '''Jadoon''' appeared<ref>History of Pashtuns ''[https://historyofpashtuns.blogspot.com/2015/01/jadoon-gadoon-tribe.html Jadoon/Gadoon tribe]'' January 2015</ref>}} also known as '''Gadoon'''<ref name=Brian>{{Cite journal |last=Hemphill |first=Brian E. |date=2023 |title=Population Dynamics among Ethnic Groups Residing in Hazarewal and Chitral-Gilgit-Baltistan |url=http://ojs.uop.edu.pk/ancientpakistan/article/view/999 |journal=Ancient Pakistan |language=en |publisher=[[University of Peshawar]] |volume=34 |pages=29–79 |issn=2708-4590}}</ref> or '''Jadun''' ({{langx|ps|ږدون،ګدون،سدون،زدون}}; [[Hindko]]: جدون) is a [[Pashtun]] tribe primarily residing in the [[Hazara Division|Hazara]] and [[Kohistan region, Pakistan|Kohistan]] regions as well as in the southern slopes of Mahaban [[Mountain|mountains]], called the ''Gadoon area'' in the [[Swabi District|Swabi district]] of the [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] province of [[Pakistan]].<ref>Jadoon, Sultan. ''[https://www.google.com.au/books/edition/The%20Jadoons/pGestAEACAAJ?hl=en "The Jadoons"]'', 2017.</ref> Some members of the tribe also live in [[Nangarhar Province|Nangarhar]] and [[Kunar Province|Kunar]] in [[Afghanistan]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bergen |first1=Peter |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y7aImvTNBWwC&dq=jadoon+hazara+swabi&pg=PT220 |title=Talibanistan: Negotiating the Borders Between Terror, Politics, and Religion |last2=Tiedemann |first2=Katherine |date=2013-01-04 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-998677-4 |pages=220 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Steinberg |first=S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y6TPDQAAQBAJ&dq=jadoon+hazara&pg=PA210 |title=The Statesman's Year-Book: Statistical and Historical Annual of the States of the World for the Year 1954 |date=2016-12-29 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-0-230-27083-1 |pages=210 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hille |first=Charlotte |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=43vnDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA247 |title=Clans and Democratization: Chechnya, Albania, Afghanistan and Iraq |date=2020-05-06 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-41548-5 |language=en|page=247}}</ref> 

== History ==
A small section of the Jadoon tribe{{snd}}using the [[ethnonym]] ''Gadun''{{snd}}speaks Pashto, but the rest of the tribe in the Hazara region has been assimilated into the [[Hindkowan]] [[Hazarewal]] community and speaks [[Hindko]].<ref name=Brian/> Sir [[Olaf Caroe]], a [[British Raj]]-era administrator of the [[North-West Frontier Province|NWFP]], counts the Jadoon tribe under the [[Panni (Pashtun tribe)|Panni sub-division]] in the genealogy of the Gharghasht in his book ''The Pathans''.<ref>Caroe, Olaf (1958) ''The Pathans: 550 B.C. – A.D. 1957''. [[Macmillan Publishers|Macmillan & Co.]] p. 19. {{ISBN|978-0710-30682-1}}</ref> According to the historian Ĭuriĭ Vladimirovich Gankovskiĭ (Yuri V. Gankovskiy), professor of Pakistan Studies at [[Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences|Institute of Oriental Studies]] in [[Moscow]], the Jadoons were a tribe of [[Indo-Aryan peoples|Indo-Aryan]] origin that were assimilated by the [[Kakar]].<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ymY-NQAACAAJ |title=The Peoples of Pakistan: An Ethnic History |first= Yuri Vladimirovich|last= Gankovskiy |date=1971 |page=135|location=Moscow |translator= Gavrilov, Igor|publisher=[[Nauka (publisher)|Nauka, Central Department of Oriental literature]]|isbn=978-9699988-32-5 |oclc=201120}}</ref>

== Genetics ==
Y haplogroup and mtdna haplogroup samples were taken from Jadoon, [[Yusufzai]], [[Sayyid]], [[Gurjar]] and [[Tanoli]] men living in Swabi District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan. Jadoon men are of predominantly East Asian paternal ancestry with West Eurasian maternal ancestry and a lesser amount of South Asian maternal ancestry according to a Y and mtdna haplogroup test indicating local females were marrying immigrant males during the medieval period. Y Haplogroup O3-M122 makes up the majority of Jadoon men, the same haplogroup carried by the majority (50-60%) of the [[Han Chinese]]. 82.5% of Jadoon men carry Q-MEH2 and O3-M122, which are both of East Asian origin. O3-M122 was absent in the Sayyid population and appeared in low numbers among Tanolis, Gurjars and Yusufzais. There appears to be founder effect in the O3-M122 among the Jadoon.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tariq |first1=Muhammad  |last2=Ahmad |first2=Habib  |last3=Hemphill |first3= Brian E. |last4=Farooq  |first4= Umar |last5=Schurr |first5= Theodore G.|date=2022 |title= Contrasting maternal and paternal genetic histories among five ethnic groups from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan|journal=Scientific Reports |volume=12 |issue=1027  |page=1027 |doi= 10.1038/s41598-022-05076-3|pmid=35046511 |pmc=8770644 |bibcode=2022NatSR..12.1027T }}</ref> 76.32% of Jadoon men carry O3-M122 while 0.75% of Tanolis, 0.81% of Gurjars and 2.82% of Yusufzais carry O3-M122.<ref>{{cite thesis |last=Tariq |first=Muhammad |date=2017 |title=Genetic Analysis of the Major Tribes of Buner and Swabi Areas through Dental Morphology and DNA Analysis |url=http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/handle/123456789/9941 |type=This research study has been conducted and reported as partial fulfillment of the requirements of PhD degree in Genetics awarded by [[Hazara University]], [[Mansehra]], Pakistan |pages=1–229 |publisher=Hazara University, Mansehra |docket=13737 |archive-date=18 March 2024 |access-date=18 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318125239/https://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/handle/123456789/9941 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Wayback Machine |url=https://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/9941/1/Muhammad%20Tariq_Genetics_2017_HU_Mansehra_Main%20part.pdf |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20241113040628/https://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/9941/1/Muhammad%20Tariq_Genetics_2017_HU_Mansehra_Main%20part.pdf |archive-date=2024-11-13 |access-date=2025-10-09 |website=prr.hec.gov.pk}}</ref>

56.25% of Jadoons in another test were found to carry West Eurasian maternal [[Haplogroup H (mtDNA)]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Akbae |first1= N.|last2=Ahmad |first2=H. |last3=Nadeem |first3=M.S.  |last4=Hemphill |first4=B.E. |last5=Muhammad|first5=K. |last6= Ahmad|first6=W.  |last7= Ilyas|first7=  M. |date=June 24, 2016 |title=HVSI polymorphism indicates multiple origins of mtDNA in the Hazarewal population of Northern Pakistan |url=https://www.geneticsmr.org/articles/hvsi-polymorphism-indicates-multiple-origins-of-mtdna-in-the-hazarewal-population-of-northern-pakistan.pdf |journal=Genetics and Molecular Research |volume=15  |issue= 2|publisher= Department of Genetics, Hazara University, Garden Campus, Mansehra, Pakistan|pages=1–10 |doi= 10.4238/gmr.15027167}}</ref> Dental morphology of the Swabi Jadoons was also analyzed and compared to other groups in the region like Yusufzais and Sayyids.<ref>{{cite journal |last1= Zubair|first1=Muhammad  |last2=Ahmad|first2=Habib |last3=Hemphill |first3=Brian E.  |last4= Tariq4|first4=Muhammad |last5=Shah |first5=Muzafar  |date= 25 March 2021 |title= Identification of Genetic Lineage of Peshawar and Nowshera Tribes through Dental Morphology|url= https://researcherslinks.com/current-issues/Identification-of-Genetic-Lineage-Dental-Morphology/20/1/3734/html|journal=Pakistan Journal of Zoology  |volume= 53|issue= 3|publisher= Zoological Society of Pakistan|pages= |doi= 10.17582/journal.pjz/20190927080941|access-date=|doi-access=free}}</ref>

==People==
*[[Amanullah Khan Jadoon]], former [[Member of the Provincial Assembly|MPA]] and Federal Minister
*[[Iqbal Khan Jadoon]], former Governor of [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]
*[https://www.amirajadoon.net/ Amira Jadoon], Professor, Clemson University, United States


==See also==
* [[Nimat Allah al-Harawi]]  Author of ''[[Tarikh-i Khan Jahani wa Makhzan-i Afghani|Tarikh-i-Khan Jahani Makhzan-i-Afghani]]'' (The History of the Afghans). 

{{Pashtun tribes}}

==References==
{{notelist}}
{{reflist}}
* ''Tazkara Sarfaroshan e Sarhad'' by Muhammad Shafi Sabir.
* "The Jadoons" by Sultan Khan Jadoon (2001).
* Sir Olaf Caroe, (1958) ''The Pathans''.
* ''Afghan'' by Muhammad Asif Fitrat
* ''Karwan-e-Jadoon''

[[Category:Pashtun tribes]]
[[Category:Gharghashti Pashtun tribes]]
[[Category:Surnames]]
[[Category:Pakistani names]]