View source for Jaguarundi

{{Short description|Species of felid}}
{{Good article}}
{{Use American English|date=April 2020}}
{{Speciesbox
| name = Jaguarundi
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name=iucn>{{cite iucn |title=''Herpailurus yagouaroundi'' |name-list-style=amp |author=Caso, A. |author2=de Oliveira, T. |author3=Carvajal, S.V. |date=2015 |article-number=e.T9948A50653167 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T9948A50653167.en |access-date=15 January 2022}}</ref>
 | status2 = CITES_A1 
 | status2_system = CITES 
 | status2_ref = <ref name=iucn/>
| image = Puma yagouaroundi.jpg
| image_caption = In the [[Pont-Scorff]] zoo
| parent_authority = [[Nikolai Severtzov|Severtzov]], 1858
| taxon = Herpailurus yagouaroundi
| authority = ([[Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire|Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire]], 1803)
| synonyms = 
{{collapsible list |bullets=true
 |''Felis yagouaroundi'' <small>Geoffroy, 1803</small>
 |''Puma yaguaroundi''  <small>Lacépède, 1809</small>
 |''F. eyra'' <small>Fischer, 1814</small>
 |''F. unicolor'' <small>Thraill, 1819</small>
 |''F. cacomitli'' <small>Berlandier, 1859</small>
 |''F. apache'' <small>[[Edgar Alexander Mearns|Mearns]], 1901</small>
 |''F. fossata'' <small>Mearns, 1901</small>
 |''F. panamensis'' <small>[[Joel Asaph Allen|Allen]], 1904</small>
}}
| synonyms_ref=<ref name=MSW3/>
| range_map =Jaguarundi distribution.jpg
| range_map_caption = Distribution of the jaguarundi (2015)<ref name=iucn />
}}

The '''jaguarundi''' ('''''Herpailurus yagouaroundi'''''; {{IPAc-en|ˌ|dʒ|æ|ɡ|w|ə|ˈ|r|ʌ|n|d|i}} or {{IPAc-en|ˌ|ʒ|æ|ɡ|w|ə|ˈ|r|ʌ|n|d|i}}) is a wild [[felidae|cat]] native to the [[Americas]]. Its range extends from central [[Argentina]] in the south to [[northern Mexico]], through [[Central America|Central]] and [[South America]] east of the [[Andes]]. The jaguarundi is a medium-sized cat of slender build. Its coloration is uniform with two color [[Morph (zoology)|morph]]s, gray and red. It has an elongated body, with relatively short legs, a small, narrow head, small, round ears, a short [[snout]], and a long tail, resembling [[Mustelidae|mustelids]] in these respects. It is about twice as large as a [[domestic cat]] (''Felis catus''), reaching nearly {{cvt|360|mm}} at the shoulder, and weighs {{cvt|3.5|-|7|kg}}.

Secretive and alert, the jaguarundi is typically solitary or forms pairs in the wild; however, captive individuals are more gregarious. Unlike other [[Sympatry|sympatric]] cats such as the [[ocelot]], the jaguarundi is [[Diurnality|more active during the day]] and hunts mainly during daytime and evening hours. Individuals live in large [[home range]]s, and are sparsely distributed within a region. The jaguarundi is an efficient climber, but typically prefers hunting on ground. It feeds on various kinds of prey, especially ground-feeding birds, reptiles, [[rodent]]s and small mammals. Mating occurs throughout the year, with peaks at different times of the year across the range. After a [[gestation period]] of 70 to 75 days, a litter of one to four kittens is born. Lifespans of up to 15 years have been recorded in captivity.

The jaguarundi inhabits a broad array of both closed and open habitats ranging from [[tropical rainforest]]s and [[deciduous forest]]s to deserts and [[thorn scrub]]s. It is fairly common in [[Brazil]], [[Peru]], and [[Venezuela]], but may be [[extirpated]] from the [[United States]]. It is listed as [[least concern]] on the [[IUCN Red List]], but populations are in decline in many parts of its range due to loss and [[Habitat fragmentation|fragmentation]] of habitat, as well as persecution for killing poultry.

==Etymology==
The common name "jaguarundi" comes from the [[Guarani language|Old Guarani]] word {{lang|gn|yaguarundi}}, similar to the [[Old Tupi]] word {{lang|tpn|yawaum'di}}, meaning "dark [[jaguar]]".<ref>{{cite book |last=Ferreira |first=A.B.H. |year=1986 |title=Novo Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa|language=pt |trans-title=New Dictionary of the Portuguese Language |edition=2nd|place=Rio de Janeiro |publisher=Nova Fronteira |page=980}}</ref> The name is pronounced {{IPAc-en|ˌ|ʒ|æ|ɡ|w|ə|ˈ|r|ʌ|n|d|i}}<ref name=MWDict>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|jaguarundi|access-date=10 April 2020}}</ref><ref name=AHDict>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|jaguarundi}}</ref> or {{IPAc-en|ˌ|dʒ|æ|ɡ|w|ə|ˈ|r|ʌ|n|d|i}}.<ref name=lexico>{{Cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/jaguarundi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017052636/https://www.lexico.com/definition/jaguarundi |archive-date=October 17, 2021 |title=jaguarundi |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref> In some [[Spanish language|Spanish]]-speaking countries, the jaguarundi is also called {{lang|es|gato colorado}}, {{lang|es|gato moro}}, {{lang|es|león breñero}}, {{lang|es|leoncillo}} and {{lang|es|tigrillo}}.<ref name=iucn /> It is also called {{lang|pt|eyra}}, {{lang|pt|gato-mourisco}}, {{lang|pt|gato-preto}}, {{lang|pt|gato-vermelho}} and {{lang|pt|maracajá-preto}} in [[Brazilian Portuguese]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=de Miranda |first1=E.E. |last2=Gambarini |first2=A. |title=Natureza, Conservação e Cultura: Ensaio sobre a Relação do Homem com a Natureza no Brasil |trans-title=Nature, Conservation and Culture: Essay on the Relationship between Man and Nature in Brazil |date=2003 |publisher=Metalivros |location=São Paulo |isbn=978-85-85371-47-0 |page=113 |language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Nowell |editor1-first=K. |editor2-last=Jackson |editor2-first=P. |editor3-last=IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group |title=Wild Cats: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan |date=1996 |publisher=IUCN |location=Gland |isbn=978-2-8317-0045-8 |page=146}}</ref>

==Taxonomy==
In 1803 [[Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire]] [[Scientific description|described]] two jaguarundi skins and skulls from unknown locations in Central America and proposed the [[scientific name]] ''Felis yagouarundi''.<ref>{{cite book |author=Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, É. |year=1803 |title=Catalogue des Mammifères du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle |trans-title=Catalogue of Mammals of the National Museum of Natural History |language=fr |location=Paris |publisher=Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle |page=124 |chapter=Le chat yagouarundi. ''Felis yagouarundi'' (The cat jaguarundi: ''Felis yagouarundi'')|chapter-url={{Google Books|id=951AAAAAcAAJ|page=124|plainurl=yes}} }}</ref> In the 19th and 20th centuries, several more [[zoological specimen]]s were described:<ref name=ms/>
*''Felis eyra'' proposed by [[Gotthelf Fischer von Waldheim]] in 1814 was a [[rust (color)|ferruginous]] skin from [[Paraguay]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Fischer von Waldheim, G. |year=1814 |title=Zoognosia tabulis synopticis illustrata: in usum praelectionum Academiae imperialis medico-chirugicae mosquensis edita |language=la |location=Moscow |publisher=Nicolai S. Vsevolozsky |page=228 |chapter=''Felis eyra'' |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/zoognosiatabulis31814fisc/page/228}}</ref>
*[[Gulf Coast Jaguarundi|''F. cacomitli'']] proposed by [[Jean-Louis Berlandier]] in 1859 was a skull and a grayish skin of a female jaguarundi from the [[Rio Grande]] area in [[Mexico]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Berlandier, J.-L. |year=1859 |title=Report on the United States and Mexican boundary survey made under the direction of the Secretary of the Interior |volume=II. Mammals of the boundary |editor1=Baird, S. F. |location=Washington |publisher=A.O.P. Nicholson |pages=12–13 |chapter=''Felis yagouarundi'' (Desm.) |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TKogAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PA12}}</ref>
*''F. yagouaroundi tolteca'' proposed by [[Oldfield Thomas]] in 1898 was a skull and a reddish skin from [[Sinaloa]] in Mexico.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Thomas, O. |year=1898 |title=On new mammals from Western Mexico and Lower California |journal=The Annals and Magazine of Natural History |series=7 |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=40–46 |url=https://archive.org/details/annalsmagazineof711898lond/page/40 |doi=10.1080/00222939808677921}}</ref>
*''F. Ameghinoi'' proposed by [[Eduardo Ladislao Holmberg]] in 1898 for [[fossil]] cat bones, presumably of a jaguarundi, that were [[Excavation (archaeology)|excavated]] near [[San Luis, Argentina]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Holmberg, E. L. |year=1898 |chapter=La fauna de la República Argentina (The fauna of the Argentine Republic) |pages=477–602 |title=Segundo Censo de la República Argentina Mayo 10 de 1895 |trans-title=Second Census of the Argentine Republic May 10, 1895 |volume=1 |editor=Carrasco, G. |publisher=Taller Tipográfico de la Penitenciaría Nacional |location=Buenos Aires |chapter-url=http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/research/segundo-censo-de-la-republica-argentina-mayo-10-de-1895--decretado-en-la-administracion-del-dr-saenz-pena-verificado-en-la-del-dr-uriburu--comision-directiva-diego-g-de-la-fuente-presidente-gabriel-carrasco-alberto-b-martinez-vocales/e84265b1-85d3-4958-a4a0-8d42ce69da96.pdf#page=485}}</ref>
*''F. fossata'' by [[Edgar Alexander Mearns]] in 1901 was a large jaguarundi skull from [[Yucatán]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Mearns, E.A. |year=1901 |title=Two new cats of the eyra group from North America |volume=14 |journal=Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington |pages=149–151 |url=https://archive.org/details/proceedingsofbio14biol/page/148}}</ref>
*''F. panamensis'' by [[Joel Asaph Allen]] in 1904 was a dusky gray skin of a young adult female jaguarundi collected in [[Panama]]'s [[Chiriquí Province]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Allen, J.A. |year=1904 |title=Mammals from southern Mexico and Central and South America |journal=Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History |volume=20 |issue=4 |pages=29–80 |url=http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/bitstream/handle/2246/662//v2/dspace/ingest/pdfSource/bul/B020a04.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y}}</ref>
*''F. yagouaroundi melantho'' by Oldfield Thomas in 1914 were skulls and blackish brown skins of a male and a female from [[Pozuzo District]] in Peru.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Thomas, O. |year=1914 |title=On various South-American mammals |journal=The Annals and Magazine of Natural History |series=8 |volume=13 |issue=75 |pages=345–363 |url=https://archive.org/details/annalsmagazineof1319unse/page/350 |doi=10.1080/00222931408693492}}</ref>

The [[Genus (biology)|generic]] name ''Herpailurus'' was proposed by [[Nikolai Severtzov]] in 1858 for the jaguarundi.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Severtzov |first1=N.A. |author-link=Nikolai Severtzov |year=1858 |title=Notice sur la classification multisériale des carnivores, spécialement des Félidés, et les études de zoologie générale qui s'y rattachent |trans-title=Notes on the classification of the carnivores, especially the Felidae, and the respective zoological studies |journal=Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée |volume=X |language=fr| pages=385–396 |url=https://archive.org/stream/revueetmagasinde10soci#page/390/mode/2up}}</ref> Later authors classified the jaguarundi in the genus ''[[Puma (genus)|Puma]]'' along with the [[cougar]] (''P.&nbsp;concolor'').<ref name=MSW3>{{MSW3 Wozencraft |id=14000211 |heading=Species ''Puma yagouaroundi'' |page=545}}</ref> [[Phylogeography|Phylogeographical]] analysis of jaguarundi samples from across its range found no genetic evidence for [[subspecies]].<ref>{{cite book |author1=Ruiz-García, M. |author2=Pinedo-Castro, M. |name-list-style=amp |year=2013 |pages=245–288 |chapter=Population genetics and phylogeographic analyses of the jaguarundi (''Puma yagouaroundi'') by means of three mitochondrial markers: The first molecular study of this species |title=Molecular Population Genetics, Evolutionary Biology and Biological Conservation on Neotropical Carnivores |editor1=Ruiz-García, M. |editor2=Shostell, J. M. |publisher=Nova Publishers |location=New York |isbn=978-1-62417-079-9 |chapter-url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230597248}}</ref> In 2017, the [[IUCN]] Cat Specialist Group revised felid taxonomy and recognises the jaguarundi as a [[monotypic taxon]] of the genus ''Herpailurus''.<ref name="Catsg2017">{{cite journal |author=Kitchener, A. C. |author2=Breitenmoser-Würsten, C. |author3=Eizirik, E. |author4=Gentry, A. |author5=Werdelin, L. |author6=Wilting A. |author7=Yamaguchi, N. |author8=Abramov, A. V. |author9=Christiansen, P. |author10=Driscoll, C. |author11=Duckworth, J. W. |author12=Johnson, W. |author13=Luo, S.-J. |author14=Meijaard, E. |author15=O'Donoghue, P. |author16=Sanderson, J. |author17=Seymour, K. |author18=Bruford, M. |author19=Groves, C. |author20=Hoffmann, M. |author21=Nowell, K. |author22=Timmons, Z. |author23=Tobe, S. |name-list-style=amp |year=2017 |title=A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group |journal=Cat News |issue=Special Issue 11 |pages=31–32 |url=https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/32616/A_revised_Felidae_Taxonomy_CatNews.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y}}</ref>

===Phylogeny and evolution===
{{cladogram |title=
|caption=The ''Puma'' lineage of the family [[Felidae]], depicted along with closely related genera<ref name="werdelin">{{cite book |last1=Werdelin |first1=L. |last2=Yamaguchi |first2=N. |last3=Johnson |first3=W.E. |last4=O'Brien |first4=S.J. |name-list-style=amp |chapter=Phylogeny and evolution of cats (Felidae) |year=2010 |pages=59–82 |chapter-url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266755142 |editor1-last=Macdonald |editor1-first=D.W. |editor2-last=Loveridge |editor2-first=A.J. |title=Biology and Conservation of Wild Felids |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford, UK |isbn=978-0-19-923445-5 |edition=Reprint}}</ref>
|1={{clade | style=font-size:90%;line-height:100%;width:475px;
|1={{clade
   |1={{clade
      |1={{clade
         |label1=''Lynx'' lineage
         |1=''[[Lynx (genus)|Lynx]]''
         }}
      |2={{clade
         |1={{clade
            |label1=''Puma'' lineage
            |1={{clade
               |label1=''[[Acinonyx]]''
               |1= ''Acinonyx jubatus'' [[File:Acinonyx jubatus (white background).jpg|60px|alt=Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus)]] <br/>([[Cheetah]]) 
               |2={{clade
                  |label1=''[[Puma (genus)|Puma]]''
                  |1=''Puma concolor'' [[File:Felis concolor - 1818-1842 - Print - Iconographia Zoologica - Special Collections University of Amsterdam -(white background).jpg|50px|alt=Cougar (Puma concolor)]] <br/>([[Cougar]]) 
                  |label2='''''Herpailurus'''''
                  |2=''Herpailurus yagouaroundi'' [[File:Lydekker_-_Eyra_White_background.jpg|50px|alt=Jaguarundi (Herpailurus yagouaroundi)]] <br/>('''Jaguarundi''')
                  }}
               }}
            }}
         |2={{clade
            |label1=Domestic cat lineage
            |1=''[[Felis]]''
            |label2=Leopard cat lineage
            |2={{clade
               |1=''[[Otocolobus]]''
               |2=''[[Prionailurus]]''
               }}
            }}
         }}
      }}
   }}
}}
}}

The jaguarundi is most closely related to the cougar; the jaguarundi-cougar clade is [[Sister group|sister]] to the [[cheetah]].<ref name="Culver">{{cite journal |author1=Culver, M. |author2=Johnson, W.E. |author3=Pecon-Slattery, J. |author4=O'Brien, S.J. |name-list-style=amp |year=2000 |title=Genomic ancestry of the American puma |journal=Journal of Heredity |volume=91 |issue=3 |pages=186–197 |doi=10.1093/jhered/91.3.186 |pmid=10833043 |url=http://www.coryi.org/Florida_panther/Miscellaneous_Panther_Material/Genomic%20ancestry%20of%20the%20American%20puma.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040102155141/http://www.coryi.org/Florida_panther/Miscellaneous_Panther_Material/Genomic%20ancestry%20of%20the%20American%20puma.pdf |archive-date=2004-01-02 |df=dmy-all|doi-access=free }}</ref> These three species comprise the ''Puma'' lineage, one of the eight lineages of Felidae; the ''Puma'' lineage [[Genetic divergence|diverged]] from the rest {{mya|6.7}}. The [[sister group]] of the ''Puma'' lineage is a [[clade]] of smaller [[Old World]] cats that includes the genera ''[[Felis]]'', ''[[Otocolobus]]'' and ''[[Prionailurus]]''.<ref name="werdelin"/>

The three species of the ''Puma'' lineage may have had a [[common ancestor]] during the [[Miocene]], about {{mya|8.25}}.<ref name="adams">{{cite journal |last1=Adams |first1=D.B. |title=The cheetah: native American |journal=Science |year=1979 |volume=205 |issue=4411 |pages=1155–1158 |doi=10.1126/science.205.4411.1155 |pmid=17735054 |bibcode=1979Sci...205.1155A |s2cid=17951039 |url=https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/6901/86b75e66b681ff0d83772f74068cd1b908b5.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221075128/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/6901/86b75e66b681ff0d83772f74068cd1b908b5.pdf |archive-date=2019-12-21 }}</ref><ref name=johnson>{{cite journal |pmid=9071018 |year=1997 |last1=Johnson |first1=W.E. |last2=O'Brien |first2=S.J. |name-list-style=amp |title=Phylogenetic reconstruction of the Felidae using 16S rRNA and NADH-5 mitochondrial genes |volume=44 |issue=S1 |pages=S98–S116 |journal=Journal of Molecular Evolution |doi=10.1007/PL00000060|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1232587 |bibcode=1997JMolE..44S..98J|s2cid=40185850 }}</ref> ''Acinonyx'' possibly diverged from the lineage in the Americas;<ref name=Johnson2006>{{cite journal |last1=Johnson |first1=W.E. |last2=Eizirik |first2=E. |last3=Pecon-Slattery |first3=J. |last4=Murphy |first4=W.J. |last5=Antunes |first5=A. |last6=Teeling |first6=E. |last7=O'Brien |first7=S.J. |name-list-style=amp |year=2006 |doi=10.1126/science.1122277 |title=The Late Miocene radiation of modern Felidae: A genetic assessment |journal=Science |volume=311 |pages=73–77 |pmid=16400146 |issue=5757 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1230866 |bibcode=2006Sci...311...73J|s2cid=41672825 }}</ref><ref name=dobrynin>{{cite journal |last1=Dobrynin |first1=P. |last2=Liu |first2=S. |last3=Tamazian |first3 = G. |last4=Xiong |first4=Z. |last5=Yurchenko |first5=A. A. |last6=Krasheninnikova |first6=K. |last7=Kliver |first7=S. |last8=Schmidt-Küntzel |first8=A. |name-list-style=amp |title=Genomic legacy of the African cheetah, ''Acinonyx jubatus'' |journal=Genome Biology |year=2015 |volume=16 |article-number=277 |doi=10.1186/s13059-015-0837-4 |pmid=26653294 |pmc=4676127 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=O'Brien |first1=S.J. |last2=Johnson |first2=W.E. |name-list-style=amp |title=The evolution of cats |journal=Scientific American |date=2007 |volume=297 |issue=1 |pages=68–75 |doi=10.1038/scientificamerican0707-68 |url=http://www.bio-nica.info/biblioteca/O%27brien2007EvolutionCats.pdf |bibcode=2007SciAm.297a..68O}}</ref> some authors alternatively suggest that the cheetah diverged in the Old World.<ref>{{cite journal |first=R. |last=Barnett |author2=I.B. |author3=Phillips, M.J. |author4=Martin, L.D. |author5=Harington, C.R. |author6=Leonard, J.A. |author7=Cooper, A. |name-list-style=amp |year=2005 |title=Evolution of the extinct Sabretooths and the American cheetah-like cat |journal=Current Biology |volume=15 |issue=15 |pages=R589–R590 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2005.07.052 |pmid=16085477|s2cid=17665121 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2005CBio...15.R589B }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Faurby |first1=S. |last2=Werdelin |first2=L. |last3=Svenning |first3=J.C. |name-list-style=amp |title=The difference between trivial and scientific names: there were never any true cheetahs in North America |journal=Genome Biology |year=2016 |volume=17 |issue=1 |page=89 |doi=10.1186/s13059-016-0943-y|pmid=27150269 |pmc=4858926 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

The ''Puma'' lineage appears to have migrated from Asia to North America after crossing the [[Bering Strait]], arriving in South America via the [[Isthmus of Panama]] by the [[Late Pliocene]] or [[Early Pleistocene]]. This was possibly followed by the bifurcation of the lineage into the cougar and ''Herpailurus'' (represented by ''H.&nbsp;pumoides'') in South America around {{mya|4|3}} between the Late Pliocene and Early Pleistocene. ''H.&nbsp;pumoides'' went extinct around [[Middle Pleistocene]], around the time the modern jaguarundi came into existence; the oldest fossils of the modern jaguarundi date back to the [[Late Pleistocene]] in Brazil around {{mya|0.5}}. The original North American cougars were extirpated during the [[Pleistocene extinctions]] around 10,000 years ago; North America was then recolonized by South American cougars and jaguarundis 10,000–8,000 years ago.<ref name=bellani/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Culver |first1=M. |title=Genomic ancestry of the American puma (''Puma concolor'') |journal=Journal of Heredity |date=2000 |volume=91 |issue=3 |pages=186–197 |doi=10.1093/jhered/91.3.186 |doi-access=free |pmid=10833043}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Chimento |first1=N.R. |last2=Dondas |first2=A. |title=First record of ''Puma concolor'' (Mammalia, Felidae) in the Early-Middle Pleistocene of South America |journal=Journal of Mammalian Evolution |date=2018 |volume=25 |issue=3 |pages=381–389 |doi=10.1007/s10914-017-9385-x |s2cid=16249074|hdl=11336/48212 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> The extinct North American genus ''[[Miracinonyx]]'' is another member of this clade.<ref name=Barnett>{{cite journal |last1=Barnett |first1=R. |last2=Barnes |first2=I. |last3=Phillips |first3=M. J. |last4=Martin |first4=L. D. |last5=Harington |first5=C. Richard |last6=Leonard |first6=Jennifer A. |last7=Cooper |first7=Alan |date=2005 |title=Evolution of the extinct Sabretooths and the American cheetah-like cat |journal=Current Biology |volume=15 |issue=15 |pages=R589–R590 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2005.07.052 |pmid=16085477 |s2cid=17665121|doi-access=free |bibcode=2005CBio...15.R589B }}</ref>

==Characteristics==
{{multiple image |direction=vertical |align= right |caption_align=center
|image1=Jaguarondi 2.jpg |caption1=Red morph |image2=Jaguarundi seitlich.jpg |caption2=Gray morph}}
The jaguarundi is a medium-sized cat of slender build and uniform coloration that differs significantly from other [[Neotropics|neotropical]] cats—such as the small, spotted cats in the genus ''[[Leopardus]]''—in its external appearance. This has been attributed to variations in its [[karyotype]]—the jaguarundi has 38 [[chromosome]]s, unlike the 36 in other small South American cats, and the chromosomal features resemble those of Old World cats such as the [[leopard cat]] (''Prionailurus bengalensis'').<ref name=WCoW/> In fact, the jaguarundi shows several features seen in [[mustelid]]s such as [[otter]]s and [[weasel]]s—it has an elongated body with relatively short legs, a small, narrow head, small, round ears, a short [[snout]] and a long tail.<ref name=WCoW/><ref name=Hunter/><ref name="bellani">{{cite book |last1=Bellani |first1=G.G. |title=Felines of the World: Discoveries in Taxonomic Classification and History |date=2020 |publisher=Academic Press |location=London |isbn=978-0-12-816503-4 |pages=223–231 |url={{Google Books|id=xK2wDwAAQBAJ|page=223|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref><ref name="Nowak">{{cite book |last1= Nowak| first1=R.M.|title=Walker's Mammals of the World|date=1999|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|location=Baltimore|isbn=978-0-8018-5789-8 |page= 818 |edition= 6th| url={{Google Books|id=T37sFCl43E8C|page=818|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref> The head-and-body length is between {{cvt|53|and|77|cm}}; the strong, muscular tail is {{cvt|31|–|52|cm}} long. Around twice as large as the [[domestic cat]], the jaguarundi reaches nearly {{cvt|14|in|cm|order=flip}} at the shoulder and weighs {{cvt|3.5|–|7|kg}}, though larger individuals weighing around {{cvt|9|kg}} have been reported.<ref name=WCoW>{{cite book |author1=Sunquist, M. |author2=Sunquist, F. |name-list-style=amp |year=2002 |title=Wild Cats of the World |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |pages=113–119 |isbn= 978-0-226-77999-7 |chapter= Jaguarundi |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/wildcatsofworld00sunq/page/113}}</ref><ref name="fws.gov">{{Cite journal |author1=Brown, D.E. |author2=Gonzalez, C.A. |year=1999 |title=Jaguarundi (''Felis yagouaroundi tolteca'') |journal=Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science |issue=32 |pages=155–157 |url=http://www.fws.gov/southwest/es/Arizona/Documents/Redbook/Jaguarundi%20RB.pdf |access-date=2009-01-01 |archive-date=2012-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121111044944/http://www.fws.gov/southwest/es/Arizona/Documents/Redbook/Jaguarundi%20RB.pdf }}</ref> Males are slightly larger than females.<ref name="bellani"/>

The coat is uniformly colored with at most a few faint markings on the face and the belly, though kittens are spotted for a short duration. Black and white marks on the lips and the snout, similar to those of the cougar, can be clearly seen in juveniles and some adults. Two color [[Morph (biology)|morph]]s are known (though intermediate shades are also seen)—gray (blackish to brownish-gray fur with a grizzled look due to bright and dark rings on individual hairs) and red (foxy red to chestnut); earlier these morphs were considered two different species. Individuals of both colors can be born in the same litter.<ref name=WCoW/><ref name="hildyard">{{cite book |last1=Sirimarco |first1=E. |editor1-last=Hildyard |editor1-first=A. |title=Endangered Wildlife and Plants of the World |volume=6 |date=2001 |publisher= Marshall Cavendish Co |location=New York |isbn=0-7614-7200-2 |pages=736–738 |chapter-url={{Google Books|plainurl=yes|id=5YYqd4ROFfkC|page=736}} |chapter=Jaguarundi (''Herpailurus yaguarondi cacomitli'')}}</ref> Blackish brown individuals superficially resemble the [[tayra]] (''Eira barbara''), but the latter can be told apart by the clear, yellowish patch on the throat.<ref name="ms">{{cite journal |last1=de Oliveira |first1=T.G. |title=''Herpailurus yagouaroundi'' |journal=Mammalian Species |date=1998 |issue=578 |pages=1–6 |doi=10.2307/3504500 |jstor=3504500 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275737351 |doi-access=free}}</ref> The red morph is seen more often in dry, open areas. [[Melanism|Melanistic]] individuals have been reported, but the coat is not completely black; the head and the throat are clearly paler than the rest of the body.<ref name=Hunter>{{cite book |last1=Hunter|first1=L. |title=Wild Cats of the World |date=2015 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |location=London |isbn=978-1-4729-2285-4 |pages=152–156 |url={{Google Books|id=hzNBCgAAQBAJ|page=152 |plainurl=yes}}}}</ref> The widely spaced ears are {{cvt|2.5|-|4|cm}} long without any spots on the back.<ref name=WCoW/><ref name=ceballos>{{cite book |author1-last=Aranda |author1-first=M. |author2-last=Caso |author2-first=A. |editor1-last=Ceballos |editor1-first=G. |title=Mammals of Mexico |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |location=Baltimore |isbn=978-1-4214-0879-8 |pages=498–499 |chapter=Jaguarundi |date=26 September 2013 |chapter-url={{Google Books|page=498|plainurl=yes|id=UrvxBQAAQBAJ}}}}</ref> The jaguarundi has a total of 30 teeth; the [[dental formula]] is {{DentalFormula|upper=3.1.3.1|lower=3.1.2.1}}.<ref name="bellani"/>

Among felids, the jaguarundi is closely similar to the [[flat-headed cat]] (''Prionailurus planiceps''), but has a longer body and proportionately longer legs, is heavier and lacks the dark markings on the cheeks of the flat-headed cat.<ref name=ms/> Tawny jaguarundis bear a similar coloration to the larger cougar.<ref name=Hunter/>

The diploid number of chromosomes in jaguarundi is 2n=38.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Wurster-Hill|first1=Doris H.|last2=Gray|first2=C. W.|date=1973|title=Giemsa banding patterns in the chromosomes of twelve species of cats (Felidae)|url=https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/130481|journal=Cytogenetic and Genome Research |volume=12 |issue=6 |pages=377–397|doi=10.1159/000130481 |pmid=4134385|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

==Distribution and habitat==
[[File:Jaguarundi-santa-fe-do-sul-brazil-camera-trap.webm|thumb|A jaguarundi in the Atlantic Forest in Brazil]]
The jaguarundi inhabits a wide variety of habitats, from tropical rainforests and [[deciduous forest]]s to deserts and [[thorn scrub]]s. It can also be found in [[cloud forest]]s, [[mangrove]]s and [[savanna]]s.<ref name=iucn /><ref name=ceballos/> Unlike the [[Sympatry|sympatric]] [[margay]], [[ocelot]] and [[oncilla]], the jaguarundi can live in open areas as well. In open habitats the jaguarundi prefers areas with vegetative cover such as cacti, which would generally be difficult for potential predators to penetrate; there may be a few clearings at the periphery of such areas. Jaguarundis tend to stay close to a source of running water.<ref name=WCoW/><ref name=fws.gov/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Coronado-Quibrera |first1=W.P. |last2=Olmos-Oropeza |first2=G. |last3=Bender |first3=L.C. |last4=Rosas-Rosas |first4=O.C. |last5=Palacio-Núñez |first5=J. |last6=Tarango-Arámbula |first6=L.A. |last7=Herrera-Haro |first7=J.G. |title=Adaptability of the threatened jaguarundi (''Herpailurus yagouaroundi'' Schereber, 1777) to human-altered environments in San Luis Potosí, Mexico |journal=Acta Zoológica Mexicana |date=2019 |volume=35 |pages=1–15 |doi=10.21829/azm.2019.3502210 |s2cid=204848020 |doi-access=free}}</ref> The jaguarundi is noted for its resistance to environmental disturbances in its habitat; it can thrive in reforested areas.<ref name=ceballos/> While commonly inhabiting elevations from lowlands up to {{cvt|2000|m}}, this cat has been reported at elevations as high as {{cvt|3200|m}} in [[Colombia]].<ref name=iucn />

The range extends from central Argentina in the south to northern Mexico, through Central and South America east of the Andes, second only to the cougar among cats in the [[Latitude|latitudinal]] extent of its distribution. However, not all parts of its range have been studied well. The jaguarundi is fairly common in Brazil, Peru, and Venezuela.<ref name="rev">{{cite journal |last1=Giordano |first1=A.J. |title=Ecology and status of the jaguarundi ''Puma yagouaroundi'': a synthesis of existing knowledge |journal=Mammal Review |date=2016 |volume=46 |issue=1 |pages=30–43 |doi=10.1111/mam.12051 |bibcode=2016MamRv..46...30G |url=https://carnivores.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Giordano_2015_mam12051_Jaguarundi.pdf}}</ref> It is possibly [[extirpated]] in the United States;<ref name=iucn /> a 1999 study refuted claims of sightings in [[Arizona]], in the [[Huachuca Mountains]] in [[Santa Cruz County, Arizona|Santa Cruz County]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brown |first1=D.E. |last2=González |first2=C.A.L. |title=Jaguarundi (''Herpailurus yagouaroundi'' Geoffroy 1803) not in Arizona or Sonora |journal=Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science |date=1999 |volume=32 |issue=2 |pages=155–157 |jstor=40021308}}</ref> The last specimen collected in the U.S. was a [[roadkill]] near [[Brownsville, Texas]], in 1986.<ref name=rev/> In 1994, the jaguarundi was thought to be represented in the [[lower Rio Grande Valley]] by no more than 15 individuals, and its survival there was doubtful.<ref name="Schmidly (1994)">{{cite book |author=Schmidly, D.J. |year=1994 |title=The Mammals of Texas |edition=6th |publisher=University of Texas Press |place=Austin |isbn=0-292-70241-8}}</ref> It was declared extinct in Texas in 2025,<ref name="Texas Parks and Wildlife B, (2025)">Texas Parks and Wildlife (2025): ''[https://tpwd.texas.gov/huntwild/wild/species/jag/ Jaguarundi (''Herpailurus yaguarondi'')]''</ref> but is thought to still be present in [[Santa Ana National Wildlife Refuge]].<ref name="Santa Ana NWR, Species (2025)">U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Santa Ana National Wildlife Refuge. ''[https://www.fws.gov/refuge/santa-ana/species Featured Species]'' (accessed June 12, 2025)</ref>	 

Jaguarundis have been sighted in [[Florida]] since the early 20th century. Their presence there is attributed to a writer from [[Chiefland, Florida|Chiefland]] who at some point imported the animals from their native habitat and released them near his hometown and in other locations across the state. While no physical evidence is known, numerous credible sightings have been reported beginning in 1907. In 1977, [[W. T. Neill]] noted that reliable sightings had decreased and concluded that the population had declined. Jaguarundis have also been reported in the coastal area of [[Alabama]] since the 1980s, which may be evidence of the Florida population migrating northward.<ref name=Simberloff>{{cite book |title=Strangers in Paradise: Impact and Management of Nonindigenous Species in Florida |last1=Simberloff |first1=D. |author-link=Daniel Simberloff |author2=Schmitz, D.C. |author3=Brown, T.C. |name-list-style=amp |year=1997 |publisher=Island Press |location=Washington, D.C. |isbn=978-1-55963-430-4 |url={{Google Books |plainurl=yes |page=172|id=rtrpSllq4SQC}} |pages=172–173}}</ref> The jaguarundi has also been recorded in [[Cerro Largo Department|Cerro Largo]] in [[Uruguay]], where its presence was doubted.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Grattarola, F. |author2=Hernandez, D. |author3=Duarte, A. |author4=Gaucher, L. |author5=Perazza, G. |display-authors=3 |year=2016 |title=Primer registro de yaguarundi (''Puma yagouaroundi'') (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae) en Uruguay, con comentarios sobre monitereo participativo |journal=Boletín de la Sociedad Zoológica del Uruguay |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=85−91 |language=Spanish |trans-title=First record of jaguarundi (''Puma yagouaroundi'') (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae) in Uruguay, with comments on participatory monitoring}}</ref>

==Behavior and ecology==
[[File:Jaguarondi 1.jpg|thumb|left|Jaguarundis are good climbers and can easily walk on branches.]]
The jaguarundi is shy and reclusive, and apparently very cautious of [[Animal trapping|traps]].<ref name=Simberloff/> There have been only a few [[radio telemetry]] studies of jaguarundis in [[Belize]], Brazil and Mexico.<ref name=Hunter/> Though activity has been observed throughout the day and at night, jaguarundis seem to prefer hunting during daytime and evening hours; for instance, a study in Belize reported that jaguarundis started moving before dawn and remained active through most of the day till sunset with a peak in hunting from late morning to noon.<ref name=ms/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Konecny |first1=M.J. |title=Movement patterns and food habits of four sympatric carnivore species in Belize, South America |journal=Advances in Neotropical Mammalogy |date=1989 |pages=243–264 |url=http://library.bfreebz.org/Mammals/Michael%20Konecny,%20Movement%20Patterns%20and%20Food%20Habits%20of%20Four%20Sympatric%20Carnivore%20Species%20in%20Belize,%20Central%20America,%201989.pdf}}</ref> The cat appears to be more [[Diurnality|diurnal]] than most other cats, especially spotted cats that tend to be more active at night.<ref name=Nowak/><ref name=WCoW/> The jaguarundi can swim across medium-sized rivers; one in [[Bolivia]] was recorded swimming across the [[Tuichi River]].<ref name=Hunter/> Jaguarundis are efficient climbers as well, but hunt mainly on ground; the coat color works as a good [[camouflage]] for terrestrial activity.<ref name=Nowak/> They can leap up to {{cvt|2|m}} into the air to catch birds.<ref name=WCoW/> Predators recorded for jaguarundis include [[boa constrictor]]s, cougars and [[domestic dog]]s.<ref name=Hunter/> [[Parasite]]s such as [[hookworm]]s (''[[Ancylostoma]]'' species), [[tapeworm]]s (such as ''[[Spirometra]]'' and ''[[Toxocara]]'' species) and the [[lung fluke]] have been found in jaguarundis.<ref name=ms/>

Studies have mostly observed jaguarundis alone or in pairs; pairs could probably be formed between mothers and older kittens or between individuals of opposite sexes during the mating season. Individuals in captivity have been found to be more gregarious.<ref name=WCoW/> [[Home range]]s tend to be large; a study in Brazil recorded home ranges {{cvt|1.4-18|sqkm}} in size for females, while those of males measured {{cvt|8.5-25.3|sqkm}} in area.<ref name=Hunter/> Two males in Belize were recorded to have exceptionally large home ranges spanning an area of {{cvt|88|sqkm}} and {{cvt|100|sqkm}}, while the home range of a female in the same region measured {{cvt|13-20|sqkm}} in size.<ref name=Nowak/> Population densities are typically low, around {{cvt|0.01|to|0.05|/sqkm}} in Brazil, though [[Municipalities of Tamaulipas|Tamaulipas]] (Mexico) and the Llanos in [[Costa Rica]] and Venezuela have recorded figures as high as {{cvt|0.2|/sqkm}}.<ref name=bellani/><ref>{{cite book |last1=Macdonald|first1= D. W. |last2=Loveridge|first2= A. J. |last3=Nowell |first3=K. |chapter=''Dramatis personae'': an introduction to the wild felids |name-list-style=amp |year=2010 |pages=3–58 |chapter-url={{Google Books|id=Z6USDAAAQBAJ|plainurl=yes|page=3}} |editor1-last=Macdonald |editor1-first=D. W. |editor2-last=Loveridge |editor2-first=A. J. |title=Biology and Conservation of Wild Felids |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford, UK |isbn=978-0-19-923445-5}}</ref>

Marking behavior could serve as a means of olfactory or visual communication among jaguarundis; individuals in captivity have been observed scraping areas with their hind feet (sometimes with urination), clawing on logs, [[Bunting (animal behavior)|rubbing objects with their heads]] and leaving feces uncovered. Social behavior such as [[social grooming|grooming]], growling and sniffing has been recorded. The jaguarundi has a broad vocal repertoire; 13 different calls have been recorded including chattering, purring, screaming, a 'wah-wah' call, whistling, yapping and a peculiar bird-like chirp. In captivity, females in [[estrus]] have been observed making faint sounds as they [[scent mark]] the area around their enclosures.<ref name=WCoW/><ref name=ms/>

===Diet===
[[File:Puma yagouaroundi, ZOO Praha 254.jpg|thumb|Jaguarundis are [[Generalist and specialist species|generalist]] carnivores.]]
The jaguarundi typically feeds on small-sized prey weighing less than {{cvt|1|kg}}, including ground-feeding [[birds]], [[reptiles]], [[frog]]s, [[arthropod]]s, [[rodent]]s and small mammals.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Puma_yagouaroundi/ | title=Puma yagouaroundi (Jaguarundi) | website=[[Animal Diversity Web]] }}</ref> Jaguarundis will also take larger prey such as domestic poultry, [[fish]], [[marmoset]]s, [[rabbit]]s and [[opossum]]s; a study recorded small [[deer]] (possibly [[carrion]]) in the diet. Vegetation such as grasses have also been recorded in their diet.<ref name=WCoW/><ref name=ms/><ref name=Hunter/><ref name=ceballos/> A study showed jaguarundis take {{cvt|400|g}} of [[vertebrate]] prey on an average every day.<ref name=ms/> The jaguarundi seems to have a strong preference for mammals, as evidenced by an analysis of 14 papers, where it was found that nearly two thirds of its diet comprised small mammals. In particular, rodents of the genus ''[[Oryzomys]]'', [[Cotton rat|''Sigmodon'']] and ''[[Zygodontomys]]'' were found to be the most targeted prey items in several range countries. These rodents made up the bulk of the jaguarundi's diet in Venezuela, the [[Atlantic Forest|Atlantic forests]], the [[Cockscomb Basin Wildlife Sanctuary|Cockscomb Basin]] and the [[southern Pacific dry forests]]. The second most targeted mammalian prey were mice belonging to the genera ''[[Reithrodontomys]]'', ''[[Peromyscus]]'' and [[Heteromys|''Liomys'']]. On rare occasions, jaguarundis have been recorded consuming larger mammals such as the [[common opossum]] and [[common tapeti]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Giordano |first=Anthony J. |date=2015-11-19 |title=Ecology and status of the jaguarundi ''Puma yagouaroundi'': a synthesis of existing knowledge |journal=Mammal Review |volume=46 |issue=1 |pages=30–43 |doi=10.1111/mam.12051 |bibcode=2016MamRv..46...30G |issn=0305-1838}}</ref> The broad array of prey recorded for the jaguarundi across its range and varying proportions of different prey in its diet could indicate that the cat tends to feed on the most abundant and easily catchable prey in the area.<ref name=WCoW/>

===Reproduction===
Jaguarundis have been observed mating all year round, with peaks at different times of the year across the range; for instance, in Mexico breeding peaks in January and March. Estrus lasts three to five days, marked by the female regularly rolling onto her back and [[spraying urine]]. [[Sexually mature]] males will pursue the female, not reacting to any aggressive behavior from her side. As in many other felids, the male bites the fur on the female's neck on mounting; the female lets out a loud scream on penetration.<ref name=WCoW/><ref name=ms/>

After a [[gestation]] period of 70 to 75 days, a litter of one to four kittens is born in a den constructed in a dense thicket, hollow tree, or similar cover. The kittens are covered well with fur and the underside is marked with spots, which disappear as they age; the coat color gradually changes as the kittens grow older.<ref name=WCoW/><ref name=ceballos/> The mother starts bringing solid food for the kittens when they are around three weeks old, but they simply play with it until the mother ultimately ingests it. Kittens are capable of taking solid food like birds and [[guinea pigs]] at around six weeks. Jaguarundis become sexually mature at one to three years of age. Lifespan up to 15 years has been recorded in captivity.<ref name=WCoW/><ref name=Nowak/>

==Threats and conservation==
[[File:Herpailurus yagouaroundi Jaguarundi ZOO Děčín.jpg|thumb|In the [[Děčín]] zoo, [[Czech Republic]]]]
The jaguarundi has been listed as [[Least Concern]] on the [[IUCN Red List]] since 2002. Mexican populations, except those in the northeast, appear to be stable. The huge protected areas in the [[Amazon Basin]] are probably the only conservation units that can sustain long-term [[viable population]]s. IUCN Red List assessors noted that it should be listed as [[Near Threatened]], but the data were not sufficient to extend this classification throughout the jaguarundi's range.<ref name=iucn /> The jaguarundi is not particularly sought after for its fur due to its poor quality and low value, but it is suffering decline due to habitat loss.<ref name=Nowak/><ref name=fws.gov/>

Other threats include risks of [[habitat fragmentation]] and persecution for killing poultry.<ref name=iucn /> The North and Central American jaguarundi populations are listed in [[CITES Appendix I]] and all the other populations are listed in [[CITES Appendix II]].<ref name=ceballos/> Populations in the US are protected under the [[Endangered Species Act]];<ref name=MSW3/> the [[Texas Parks and Wildlife Department]] has expressed concern that its presence in South Texas may be imperiled due to loss of the cat's native habitat.<ref name=Texas2003>{{cite web |url=http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/landwater/land/habitats/southtx_plain/endangered_species/ |title=South Texas wildlife management: Endangered species |website=Texas Parks & Wildlife |date=2003-04-15 |access-date=2011-09-15 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Populations in Mexico are listed under the [[Norma Oficial Mexicana|Mexican Official Norm]] NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lorenzo |first1=C. |last2=González-Ruiz |first2=N. |name-list-style=amp |title=Mammals in the Mexican Official Norm NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010 |journal=Therya |date=2018 |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=69–72 |doi=10.12933/therya-18-565 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323250093 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

Hunting jaguarundi is restricted in Peru and banned in Argentina, Belize, Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, [[French Guiana]], [[Guatemala]], [[Honduras]], Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, [[Suriname]], Uruguay, United States, and Venezuela.<ref name=iucn />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Notes==
{{NoteFoot}}

== External links ==
* {{cite web |url=http://www.catsg.org/index.php?id=93 |title=Jaguarundi ''Herpailurus yagouaroundi'' |website=IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group |access-date=2014-12-15 |archive-date=2018-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180921153218/http://www.catsg.org/index.php?id=93 }}
* {{cite web |website=Big Cats Online |url=http://ds.dial.pipex.com/agarman/bco/jundi.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031107150747/http://ds.dial.pipex.com/agarman/bco/jundi.htm |archive-date=2003-11-07 |df=dmy-all |title=Jaguarundi |series=Wild Cat Species and Distribution – South America}}
* {{cite Americana |wstitle=Jaguarondi|short=x}}
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Jaguarondi | volume= 15 | page = 125 |short= 1}}

{{Carnivora|Fe.}}
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[[Category:Puma (genus)]]
[[Category:Felids of Central America]]
[[Category:Felids of North America]]
[[Category:Felids of South America]]
[[Category:Carnivorans of Brazil]]
[[Category:Mammals of Bolivia]]
[[Category:Mammals of Argentina]]
[[Category:Mammals of Colombia]]
[[Category:Mammals of Ecuador]]
[[Category:Mammals of French Guiana]]
[[Category:Mammals of Guyana]]
[[Category:Mammals of Mexico]]
[[Category:Mammals of Suriname]]
[[Category:Mammals of Paraguay]]
[[Category:Mammals of Peru]]
[[Category:Mammals of Venezuela]]
[[Category:Fauna of northern South America]]
[[Category:Mammals described in 1803]]