View source for James Carnegie, 3rd Duke of Fife

{{Short description|British nobleman}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox noble
| honorific-prefix = [[His Grace]]
| honorific-suffix = 
| name = The Duke of Fife
| image = 3rd Duke of Fife.jpg
| caption = Portrait by [[Allan Warren]], 1985
|CoA=|tenure=|predecessor=| spouse = {{marriage|Caroline Dewar<br>|1956|1966|end=div}}
| issue = {{plain list|
* Lady Alexandra Etherington
* [[David Carnegie, 4th Duke of Fife]]
}}
| parents = {{plain list|
* [[Charles Carnegie, 11th Earl of Southesk]]
* [[Maud Carnegie, Countess of Southesk|Princess Maud]]
}}
|successor=|birth_name = James George Alexander Bannerman Carnegie
| birth_date = {{birth date|1929|09|23|df=y}}
|birth_place= [[London]], England
| death_date  = {{Death date and age|2015|06|22|1929|09|23|df=y}}
|death_place= [[Angus, Scotland|Angus]], Scotland
|}}
'''James George Alexander Bannerman Carnegie, 3rd Duke of Fife''' (23 September 1929 – 22 June 2015) was a British landowner, farmer and peer. He was the grandson of [[Louise, Princess Royal]], a daughter of [[King Edward VII]] and [[Queen Alexandra]]. As a female-line great-grandson of a British sovereign, he did not carry out royal or official duties or receive any funds from the [[Civil List]]. He was the second cousin of [[Queen Elizabeth II]] and [[Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon]], and [[Harald V|King Harald V]] of Norway. Through his maternal grandfather, he was also a descendant of [[William IV of the United Kingdom|William IV]] and [[Dorothea Jordan]].

==Early life==
The Duke was the only son of the [[Charles Carnegie, 11th Earl of Southesk|11th Earl of Southesk]] (1893–1992) and his wife, [[Maud Carnegie, Countess of Southesk|Princess Maud]] (1893–1945), the younger daughter of the [[Alexander Duff, 1st Duke of Fife|1st Duke of Fife]] and [[Louise, Princess Royal]]. One of his godparents was [[George V]], his mother's maternal uncle, who was represented at the christening by his eldest son and heir, the [[Edward VIII|Prince of Wales]].<ref name="burke">{{cite book |title= Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knighthood|publisher=Burke's Peerage & Gentry |editor= Mosley, Charles |edition=107 |year= 2003 |pages=1425–1426 |ref=Burke |isbn=0-9711966-2-1}}</ref>

The Duke was educated at [[Ludgrove School|Ludgrove]], [[Gordonstoun School]], and at the [[Royal Agricultural College]], [[Cirencester]]. He served with the [[Scots Guards]] in [[British Malaya|Malaya]] in 1948–50. He served as vice patron of the [[Braemar]] Royal Highland Society and of the [[British Olympic Association]].

==Duke of Fife==
The [[Duke of Fife|Dukedom of Fife]] was first granted in 1889 to the Duke's grandfather, the 6th [[Earl of Fife]], by [[Queen Victoria]] on his marriage to Princess Louise of Wales, the eldest daughter of the [[Edward VII of the United Kingdom|Prince of Wales]]. In April 1900, the first Duke received a new patent as Duke of Fife and Earl of Macduff in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, this time with a [[special remainder]] to his daughters by Princess Louise and their male issue. As the only surviving children of the Duke and Princess Louise were two daughters, the dukedom passed to [[Princess Alexandra, Duchess of Fife|Princess Alexandra]], who became Princess Arthur of Connaught.

On 26 February 1959, the duke succeeded his maternal aunt, [[Princess Alexandra, Duchess of Fife|Princess Arthur of Connaught, Duchess of Fife]], as Duke of Fife and Earl of Macduff, because her only child, [[Alastair Windsor, 2nd Duke of Connaught and Strathearn|Alastair, 2nd Duke of Connaught and Strathearn]], had predeceased her and died without issue. On 16 February 1992 the third Duke also succeeded his father as [[Earl of Southesk]] and as [[Clan chief|chief]] of the [[Clan Carnegie]].<ref name="obit">{{cite news|last1=Davison|first1=Phil|title=The Duke of Fife|url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/opinion/13414497.The_Duke_of_Fife/|access-date=21 June 2017|work=Herald Scotland|date=25 June 2015|language=en}}</ref>

He lived at [[Elsick House]], on his estate near [[Stonehaven]] in [[Kincardineshire]] and also farmed the family estate around [[Kinnaird Castle, Brechin]].  His interests included sports cars, driving a Ford Zephyr 6 in the 1955 [[Monte Carlo Rally]].<ref name="obit"/> He owned a 20,000-acre estate in Angus.<ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/11693626/The-Duke-of-Fife-obituary.html The Duke of Fife obituary]</ref>

==Tsar Nicholas II ==
In the 1990s, Fife's [[mitochondrial DNA]] (mDNA) was used to help identify bones recovered in Siberia in 1979 as the remains of Tsar [[Nicholas II of Russia]], who was [[Murder of the Romanov family|killed in 1918]] by the Communists along with his wife and children. [[Alexandra of Denmark|Queen Alexandra]], the Duke of Fife's maternal great-grandmother, was the older sister of Nicholas II's mother, [[Maria Feodorovna (Dagmar of Denmark)|Dagmar]]. The test required a female line descendant, as mDNA is [[Paternal mtDNA transmission|passed unchanged from mother to child]], unless there is a mutation. In Fife's case, mDNA from Queen Alexandra passed to his grandmother, [[Louise, Princess Royal]], and then to his mother, [[Maud Carnegie, Countess of Southesk|Princess Maud]], and then to him. Fife's mDNA was a 98.5% match with the bones, a rare imperfect match that scientists suspected was caused by a genetic mutation on the Russian side called a [[heteroplasmy]]. In 1994, the remains of Nicholas's younger brother, [[Grand Duke George Alexandrovich of Russia|Grand Duke Georgy Alexandrovich]], were exhumed in [[Saint Petersburg]]. The mDNA from Grand Duke Georgy also revealed the heteroplasmy, confirming the theory of the mutation and conclusive proof that the bones indeed belonged to the last tsar of Russia.<ref>{{cite news|title=DNA Proves Bones Belong To Last Czar; Mystery of Nicholas's Missing Body Is Solved|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1995/09/01/dna-proves-bones-belong-to-last-czar/d2d36845-f0b3-4afd-b9dc-650aa912e8f8|access-date=21 June 2017|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=1 September 1995|author=David Brown}}</ref>

==Marriage and family==
[[File:3rd Duke of Fife in Kilt. Allan Warren.jpg|thumb|right|The Duke in front of [[Elsick House]]<br>(photograph by Allan Warren, 1984)]]
As a young man, the Duke's name was variously linked with [[Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon|Princess Margaret]], ballerina [[Mary Drage]], and sportswoman [[Divina Galica]].

On 11 September 1956, the then Lord Carnegie married The Hon. Caroline Dewar (born 12 February 1934), the elder daughter of the [[Henry Dewar, 3rd Baron Forteviot|3rd Baron Forteviot]] at [[St Ninian's Cathedral]], [[Perth, Scotland]].  Guests at the wedding included [[Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother]].  The reception was held at the Dewar family residence, [[Dupplin Castle]].

The marriage produced two children before they divorced in 1966:<ref name="burke"/> 
* Lady Alexandra Clare Carnegie (born 20 June 1959), who married Mark Fleming Etherington on 11 May 2001. They have one daughter, Amelia Mary Etherington (born 24 December 2001).
* [[David Carnegie, 4th Duke of Fife]] (born 3 March 1961), who married Caroline Anne Bunting on 16 June 1987, and succeeded as the 4th Duke of Fife in 2015. They have three sons, including Charles Duff Carnegie, Earl of Southesk (born 1989), heir to the dukedom.

==Ancestry==
{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|1= 1. '''James Carnegie, 3rd Duke of Fife'''
|2= 2. [[Charles Carnegie, 11th Earl of Southesk]]
|3= 3. [[Maud Carnegie, Countess of Southesk|Princess Maud]]
|4= 4. [[Charles Carnegie, 10th Earl of Southesk]]
|5= 5. Ethel Mary Elizabeth Bannerman
|6= 6. [[Alexander Duff, 1st Duke of Fife]]
|7= 7. [[Louise, Princess Royal]]
|8= 8. [[James Carnegie, 9th Earl of Southesk]]
|9= 9. Lady Catherine Hamilton Noel
|10= 10. [[Bannerman baronets|Sir Alexander Bannerman, 9th Baronet]]
|11= 11. Lady Arabella Diana Sackville-West
|12= 12. [[James Duff, 5th Earl Fife]]
|13= 13. [[Agnes Duff, Countess Fife|Lady Agnes Hay]]
|14= 14. [[Edward VII|Edward VII of the United Kingdom]]
|15= 15. [[Alexandra of Denmark|Princess Alexandra of Denmark]]
}}

==Arms==
{{Infobox COA wide
|image={{center|[[File:Coat of Arms of James Carnegie, 3rd Duke of Fife.svg|250px]]}}
|crest = Centre:  a Thunderbolt proper winged Or (Carnegie); Dexter:  a Knight denoting the ancient MacDuff armed at all points on a Horse in full speed in his dexter hand a Sword erect all proper his Jupon Argent on his sinister arm a Shield Or charged with a Lion rampant Gules the visor of his helmet shut over which on a Wreath of his liveries with a long Mantling flowing therefrom behind him and ending in a Tassel of the fourth doubling of the third is set a Lion rampant issuing out of a Wreath of the third and fourth the Caparisons of the horse Gules fimbriated Or and thereon six Shields of the last each charged with a Lion rampant of the fourth (Dukedom of Fife); Sinister:  a Man in armour issuing from the loins and wearing a Tabard emblazoned of the arms Argent on a Fess between three Boars' Heads erased Gules three Mascles Or sustaining with his dexter hand a Banner developed Argent having a Canton Azure charged with a Saltire of the first (Ethel, Countess of Southesk)
|coronet = A [[Coronet#British coronet rankings|Coronet of a Duke]]
|escutcheon = Quarterly:  1st, Or a Lion rampant Gules armed and langued Azure (Dukedom of Fife); 2nd, the arms of the United Kingdom as borne by King Edward VII differenced by a Label of five points Argent the points charged with two Thistles between three Crosses of St George Gules (The Princess Royal, Duchess of Fife); 3rd, grandquarterly:  1st and 4th, Vert a Fess dancetty Ermine between a Hart's Head cabossed in chief and two Escallops in base Or (Duff of Braco); 2nd and 3rd, Gules three Skeans paleways Argent hafted and pommelled Or surmounted by as many Wolves' Heads couped of the third (Skene of that Ilk); 4th, Gules a Banner displayed Argent charged with a Canton Azure a Saltire of the second (Bannerman of Elsick); over all ensigned of an Earl's Coronet proper an Inescutcheon Argent an Eagle displayed Azure armed beaked and membered Gules on its breast an Antique Covered Cup Or (Carnegie)
|supporters = Dexter:  a Lion rampant guardant Gules langued Azure collared with a Label of five points Argent the points charged with two Thistles between three Crosses of St George Gules; Sinister:  a Talbot Argent collared Gules the Collar charged with a Label of three points Argent
|motto = Above the centre crest:  ''Dred God;''  Above the dexter crest:  ''Deo Juvante''; Above the sinister crest:  ''Pro Patria''; Beneath the shield:  ''Virtute Et Opera''
}}

==See also==
* [[Carnegie (disambiguation)]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Hansard-contribs | mr-james-carnegie | the Duke of Fife }}

{{s-start}}
{{s-reg|uk}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Princess Arthur of Connaught]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Duke of Fife]]|creation=2nd creation|years=1959–2015}}
{{s-aft|after=[[David Carnegie, 4th Duke of Fife|David Carnegie]]}}
{{s-reg|sct}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Charles Carnegie, 11th Earl of Southesk|Charles Carnegie]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Earl of Southesk]]|years=1992–2015}}
{{s-aft|after=[[David Carnegie, 4th Duke of Fife|David Carnegie]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fife, James Carnegie, 3rd Duke of}}
[[Category:1929 births]]
[[Category:2015 deaths]]
[[Category:Nobility from Aberdeenshire]]
[[Category:Carnegie family|James]]
[[Category:Dukes of Fife]]
[[Category:Earls of Southesk|12]]
[[Category:Scottish clan chiefs]]
[[Category:People educated at Gordonstoun]]
[[Category:People educated at Ludgrove School]]
[[Category:Alumni of the Royal Agricultural University]]
[[Category:Scots Guards officers]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of the Malayan Emergency]]
[[Category:20th-century Scottish businesspeople]]
[[Category:Hereditary peers removed under the House of Lords Act 1999|Fife]]