View source for James Hamilton, 4th Duke of Hamilton

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Short description|Scottish aristocrat, soldier, and politician (1658–1712)}}
{{More footnotes needed|date=November 2021}}
{{infobox noble
| honorific-prefix = [[Lieutenant-General]] [[His Grace]]
| name = The Duke of Hamilton
| honorific-suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100|KG|KT}}
| image = 4thDukeOfHamilton.jpg
| caption = 
| birth_date = {{birth date|1658|4|11|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Hamilton Palace]], [[Lanarkshire]], Scotland
| death_date = {{death date and age|1712|11|15|1658|4|11|df=y}}
| death_place = [[London]], England
| title = 
| other_titles = [[Duke of Brandon|1st Duke of Brandon]]<br/>[[Marquess of Clydesdale]]<br/>[[Earl of Arran (Scotland)|Earl of Arran]], [[Lanark]] and [[Earl of Cambridge|Cambridge]]<br/>[[Baron Dutton]]<br/>[[Lord Aven]], [[Polmont]], [[Machansyre]], and [[Innerdale]]
| nationality = Scottish
| offices = [[Master of the Great Wardrobe]]<br/>Keeper of the Palace of Holyroodhouse<br/>[[Master-General of the Ordnance]]
| predecessor = [[Anne Hamilton, 3rd Duchess of Hamilton]]
| successor = [[James Douglas-Hamilton, 5th Duke of Hamilton]]
| spouse = {{plainlist|
* {{marriage|Anne Spencer|1686|1690|reason=died}}
* {{marriage|Elizabeth Gerard|1698}}
}}
| issue = Lady Elizabeth Hamilton<br />Lady Catherine Hamilton<br />Lady Charlotte Edwin<br />[[James Hamilton, 5th Duke of Hamilton]]<br />[[Lord William Hamilton]]<br />Lady Susan Hamilton<br />[[Lord Anne Hamilton]]<br />[[Sir James Abercrombie, 1st Baronet]]<br />[[Charles Hamilton, Count of Arran]]
| parents = [[William Hamilton, Duke of Hamilton|William Douglas, 1st Earl of Selkirk]]<br/>[[Anne Hamilton, 3rd Duchess of Hamilton]]
}}
[[Lieutenant-General]] '''James Hamilton, 4th Duke of Hamilton and 1st Duke of Brandon''' (11 April 1658 – 15 November 1712), was a Scottish nobleman, soldier and politician. Hamilton was a major investor in the failed [[Darien scheme]], which cost many of Scotland's ruling class their fortunes. He led the Country Party in the [[Parliament of Scotland]] and the opposition to the [[Acts of Union 1707|Act of Union]] in 1707. He died on 15 November 1712 as the result of a [[Hamilton–Mohun duel|celebrated duel]] in [[Hyde Park, London|Hyde Park]], [[City of Westminster|Westminster]], with [[Charles Mohun, 4th Baron Mohun]], over a disputed inheritance.

==Early life==
[[File:Hamiltonpalacemorris edited.jpg|thumb|Hamilton Palace – seat of the Dukes of Hamilton]]
The eldest son of [[William Douglas-Hamilton, Duke of Hamilton|William Douglas, 1st Earl of Selkirk]] (who was created Duke of Hamilton for his lifetime and changed his surname to Hamilton in 1660), and his wife [[Anne Hamilton, 3rd Duchess of Hamilton|Anne, 3rd Duchess of Hamilton]] in her own right, Hamilton was born at [[Hamilton Palace]], in [[Lanarkshire]]. He was a descendant through his mother of the Scottish [[House of Stewart]] and therefore had a significant claim to the thrones of both Scotland and England. He was educated by a series of tutors, until he was of age to attend the [[University of Glasgow]]. Following this, he travelled to the continent on the [[Grand Tour]], fashionable amongst young noblemen of the time. He was styled until 1698 as the '''Earl of Arran'''.

In 1679, Arran was appointed a [[Gentleman of the Bedchamber]] by [[Charles II of England|Charles II]]. Later in 1683, he was accredited ambassador to the Court of [[Louis XIV of France]]. Arran remained in France for over a year, taking part in two campaigns in French service. On his return to Great Britain following the accession of [[James VII and II]], he brought letters of personal recommendation from Louis to the new King. King James reaffirmed Arran in his offices. Arran was in the first cohort of James VII's royal [[Order of the Thistle]] in 1687, and following the deposition of James, Arran refused to join the party of the [[William III of England|Prince of Orange]], indeed he was imprisoned twice in the [[Tower of London]], suspected of intrigues, but was released without charge.

==Duke of Hamilton==
Arran's father died in 1694, and in July 1698 his mother resigned all her titles into the hand of King William, who regranted them to Arran a month later in a charter signed at [[Het Loo]], [[Netherlands]]. He was confirmed in the titles of '''Duke of Hamilton, Marquess of Clydesdale, Earl of Arran, Lanark and Cambridge''' and '''Lord Aven, Polmont, Machansyre, and Innerdale'''.{{sfn|Paul|1907|p=383}} This regrant of title was presumably because of the loyalty of Arran's parents to the king, as his own affection to the [[House of Orange]] was questionable due to his suspected [[Jacobitism]]. He was arrested more than once for pro-Stuart activities.<ref>{{cite book |last=Woodard |first=Colin |author-link=Colin Woodard |date=2007 |title=The Republic of Pirates |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W5sIuoBrFwYC |location= |publisher=[[Harcourt (publisher)|Harcourt, Inc.]] |isbn=978-0-15-101302-9 |page=102}}</ref>

==The Darien scheme and the Act of Union==
Hamilton formed a political group which supported the [[Darien scheme]] in the [[Parliament of Scotland]]. He and his mother had heavily invested in the expedition, that ultimately failed, resulting in Scotland losing 20% of its currency in circulation at the time. Historian Stephen Mullen referred to the scheme as a "mercantilist venture designed to improve personal fortunes and Scotland's balance of trade through colonisation and exploitation".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ibeji |first1=Mike |title=The Darien Venture |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/civil_war_revolution/scotland_darien_01.shtml |website=BBC British History |publisher=BBC |access-date=16 April 2017 |date=17 February 2017}}</ref> As part of the scheme, Hamilton planned to [[Atlantic slave trade|import African slaves]] "to be worked to death" at local [[Gold mining|gold mines]] in the region after they had come under the colonists' control.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Stephen |last=Mullen |title=The myth of Scottish slaves |url=https://sceptical.scot/2016/03/the-myth-of-scottish-slaves/ |website=Sceptical Scot |date=4 March 2016 |access-date=9 April 2023}}</ref>

Following the failure of Darien, and in light of the longer history of trade friction with England, serious machinations began proposing a union between the two realms of Scotland and England. Hamilton was assumed to be the head of the anti-union Cavalier Party, perhaps due to his serious claim to the throne of Scotland. Hamilton, being a descendant through his mother of the Scottish [[House of Stewart]] (prior to their accession to the English throne) was the senior-most claimant to the throne of Scotland in the event that Scotland chose not to accept [[Sophia of the Palatinate]] as the Stuart heiress (see [[Act of Security 1704]]). Sophia was the most junior descendant of the most junior branch of the English Stuarts and Scotland, also being Protestant, would only accept a Protestant heir to Scotland. This meant that Hamilton and his heirs were next in the Scottish line of succession after the [[House of Hanover]]. To the detriment of his royal future, Hamilton's political conduct proved ineffective and he wavered between both the Court and the National parties. On the day of the final vote regarding the Anglo-Scottish union, Hamilton abstained and remained in his chambers at [[Holyrood Palace]] claiming to be indisposed by toothache. The highly unpopular [[Acts of Union 1707|Acts of Union]] were passed, and riots followed in the streets of Edinburgh. Hamilton had missed his chance to secure the Scottish succession for his family.

==Post Union==
Hamilton was chosen as one of 16 [[List of Scottish representative peers|Scottish representative peer]]s in 1708. He was created '''Duke of Brandon''', [[Suffolk]], in the Peerage of [[Great Britain]] in 1711. This drew criticism as to the legality of his position and ability to sit in the [[House of Lords]]. The situation was not resolved until 1782 for the [[James Hamilton, 6th Duke of Hamilton|6th Duke of Hamilton]]. In addition to the Dukedom, Hamilton was created '''Baron Dutton''' in [[Cheshire]]. In October 1712 he was created a [[Knight of the Garter]], making him the only non-royal to be a knight of both Thistle and Garter.

==The Macclesfield inheritance and death==
{{Main|Hamilton–Mohun duel}}
[[File:James Douglas, 4th Duke of Hamilton; Charles Mohun, 4th Baron Mohun from NPG.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Hamilton and Mohun duelling in [[Hyde Park, London|Hyde Park]]]]
On 15 November 1712, Hamilton fought a celebrated duel with [[Charles Mohun, 4th Baron Mohun|Charles, Lord Mohun]], in [[Hyde Park, London|Hyde Park]], [[City of Westminster|Westminster]], in an episode narrated in [[William Makepeace Thackeray|Thackeray]]'s ''[[The History of Henry Esmond]]''.
Following the death without an heir of [[Fitton Gerard, 3rd Earl of Macclesfield|Fitton Gerard]], third [[Earl of Macclesfield]], in 1702, a disagreement had arisen over who should succeed to his extensive estates, based at [[Gawsworth Hall]], Cheshire. Hamilton claimed the estates through his wife Elizabeth Gerard, a granddaughter of [[Charles Gerard, 1st Earl of Macclesfield]].<ref>[[James William Edmund Doyle]], ''The Official Baronage of England'', vol. 2 (London: Longmans, Green, 1886), [https://books.google.com/books?id=mFpmAAAAMAAJ p. 433]</ref> Mohun claimed them as the named heir of [[Charles Gerard, 2nd Earl of Macclesfield]], to whom he had been a companion-in-arms. The years of litigation that followed culminated in Mohun calling Hamilton out.

The duel took place on the morning of the 15th. The older Hamilton mortally wounded Mohun, and was mortally wounded in turn. Hamilton's second thereafter claimed that Mohun's second [[George Macartney (British Army officer)|George Macartney]] had dealt the final stroke to Hamilton whilst pretending to attend to Mohun, but the evidence was wholly inconclusive. Questions about why John Hamilton did not stay to attempt to arrest Macartney if he had thought that such a crime had been committed brought suspicion on his testimony. A cry for justice went up amongst the Duke's friends, including Jonathan Swift, and Macartney escaped to the continent. After attempts to repatriate him, he was tried ''in absentia'' for murder, and stripped of his regiment, but was later pardoned.

==Marriages and children==
In 1686 Hamilton married Lady Anne Spencer, daughter of [[Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland]]. They had two daughters in 1689 and 1690, although neither survived childhood. Anne died shortly after the birth of the second daughter in 1690.

Hamilton then married Elizabeth Gerard, daughter of [[Digby Gerard, 5th Baron Gerard]], in 1698 (died February 1743/4),<ref>Buried at St James, Westminster, on 21 February 1743/44. Source: ''The Register of Burials in the Parish of St James within the Liberty of Westminster. 1723-1754''. 21 February 1743.</ref> and had seven children:

*Lady Elizabeth Hamilton (1699–1702)
*Lady Catherine Hamilton (c. 1700 – 22 Dec 1712)<ref>{{Cite web |last=National Archives of Scotland |title=NAS Catalogue - browse - details of record |url=http://195.153.34.9/onlinecatalogue/browseDetails.aspx?reference=GD406/1/5792&st=1&tc=y&tl=n&tn=n&tp=n&k=Duke+of+Hamilton&ko=p&r=&ro=c&df=1701&dt=1702&di=n |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325065725/http://195.153.34.9/onlinecatalogue/browseDetails.aspx?reference=GD406/1/5792&st=1&tc=y&tl=n&tn=n&tp=n&k=Duke+of+Hamilton&ko=p&r=&ro=c&df=1701&dt=1702&di=n |archive-date=25 March 2014 |access-date=2025-07-22 |website=195.153.34.9 |language=en |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*Lady Charlotte Hamilton (c. 1701 – 1774), who married [[Charles Edwin (died 1756)|Charles Edwin]], MP, of Llanfihangel, and was a figure in early [[Methodism]].<ref>{{Cite DWB |id=s-EDWI-LLA-1642 |title=Edwin family}}</ref>
*[[James Hamilton, 5th Duke of Hamilton]] (1703–1743)
*[[Lord William Hamilton]] (c. 1705 – 1734)
*[[Susanna Keck|Lady Susan Hamilton]] (c. 1706–1753),<ref>{{Cite ODNB |title=The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |date=2004-09-23 |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/68355 |pages=ref:odnb/68355 |editor-last=Matthew |editor-first=H. C. G. |access-date=2023-03-29 |place=Oxford |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/68355 |editor2-last=Harrison |editor2-first=B.}}</ref> who married [[Anthony Keck (Woodstock MP)|Anthony Keck]], MP for Woodstock.<ref>{{cite web |title=Catalogue entry: GD406/1/5304 (Duke of Hamilton) |url=http://195.153.34.9/onlinecatalogue/browseDetails.aspx?reference=GD406/1/5304&st=1&tc=y&tl=n&tn=n&tp=n&k=Duke+of+Hamilton&ko=p&r=&ro=c&df=1701&dt=1702&di=n |access-date=2025-07-22 |website=National Records of Scotland online catalogue |publisher=National Records of Scotland |archive-date=25 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325070332/http://195.153.34.9/onlinecatalogue/browseDetails.aspx?reference=GD406%2F1%2F5304&st=1&tc=y&tl=n&tn=n&tp=n&k=Duke+of+Hamilton&ko=p&r=&ro=c&df=1701&dt=1702&di=n |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*[[Lord Anne Hamilton]] (1709–1748), ancestor of the 13th and subsequent Dukes of Hamilton.

In addition, Hamilton had four illegitimate children:

*Lt. Col. [[Sir James Abercrombie, 1st Baronet]], born prior to 1680, who died at [[Dunkirk]] in 1724. Sir James entered the [[Royal Scots]], rose to the rank of [[lieutenant colonel]] and fought in the [[Battle of Blenheim]] as [[aide-de-camp]] to his uncle [[George Douglas-Hamilton, 1st Earl of Orkney]].<ref>{{Citation |editor-last=Cokayne |editor-first=George Edward |year=1906 |title=Complete Baronetage volume 5 (1707–1800) |url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924092524416/page/n31 |volume=5 |location=Exeter |publisher=William Pollard and Co |access-date=9 October 2018}}</ref><ref>Hayton, D. W. (2002) [http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1690-1715/member/abercromby-james-1724 "ABERCROMBY, James (d. 1724)"] ''The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1690–1715'', edited by D. Hayton, E. Cruickshanks, and S. Handley.</ref> He went on to become a [[Whigs (British political party)|Whig]] [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|MP]] for [[Dysart Burghs (UK Parliament constituency)|Dysart Burghs]] in 1710.<ref>Wilkinson, David (2002) [http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1690-1715/constituencies/dysart-burghs "Dysart Burghs"], ''The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1690–1715'', edited by D. Hayton, E. Cruickshanks, and S. Handley.</ref>
*[[Charles Hamilton, Count of Arran|Sir Charles Hamilton]] [[Order of the Bath|KB]], born to [[Barbara FitzRoy|Lady Barbara FitzRoy]]. Charles was exiled to France on his father's marriage to his second wife and whilst there, he was styled Count of Arran and married Antoinette Courtney, daughter of Charles Courtney of Archambaud. By Antoinette he had his son, [[Charles Hamilton, Count of Arran (1738-1800)|Charles Hamilton]] who went on to become Lieutenant Colonel in the [[Royal Scots Greys]] and was created a Knight Companion of the [[Order of the Bath]].<ref>{{cite book |author=William Anderson |title=The Scottish nation; or, the Surnames, Families, Literature, Honours and Biographical History of the People of Scotland by William Anderson |year=1877 |page=421}}</ref>
*Hamilton also had two daughters named Ruthven.<ref>{{cite book |author=Margaret Mary Pearson |title=Bright Tapestry |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N0fYAAAAMAAJ |year=1956 |publisher=Harrap |page=22}}</ref>

==Ancestors==
{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
| 1 = '''James Hamilton, 4th Duke of Hamilton'''
| 2 = [[William Douglas, 1st Earl of Selkirk]]
| 3 = [[Anne Hamilton, 3rd Duchess of Hamilton]]
| 4 = [[William Douglas, 1st Marquess of Douglas]]
| 5 = Lady Mary Gordon
| 6 = [[James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Hamilton]]
| 7 = Lady Mary Feilding
| 8 = [[William Douglas, 10th Earl of Angus]]
| 9 = Lady Elizabeth Oliphant
| 10= [[George Gordon, 1st Marquess of Huntly]]
| 11= [[Henrietta Stewart|Lady Henrietta Stewart]]
| 12= [[James Hamilton, 2nd Marquess of Hamilton]]
| 13= [[Lady Ann Cunningham]]
| 14= [[William Feilding, 1st Earl of Denbigh]]
| 15= [[Susan Feilding, Countess of Denbigh|Susan Villiers]]
}}

==Coat of arms==
{{Emblem table
|image = [[File:Coat of Arms of the Duke of Hamilton and Brandon.svg|200px]]
|escutcheon = Quarterly: 1st and 4th grandquarters: quarterly: 1st and 4th, Gules three Cinquefoils Ermine (Hamilton); 2nd and 3rd, Argent a Lymphad with the sails furled proper flagged Gules (Arran); 2nd and 3rd grandquarters: Argent a Heart Gules imperially crowned Or on a Chief Azure three Mullets of the first (Douglas)
|crest = 1st, on a Ducal Coronet an Oak Tree rutted and penetrated transversely in the main stem by a Frame Saw proper the frame Or (Hamilton); 2nd, on a Chapeau Gules turned up Ermine a Salamander in flames proper (Douglas)
|supporters = On either side an Antelope Argent armed unguled ducally gorged and chained Or
|motto = Over 1st crest: Through; Over 2nd crest: Jamais Arriere (Never Behind)
}}

==Notes==
{{more citations needed|date=December 2012}}
<!-- {{reflist |group=lower-alpha |refs=
<ref name=Walford-dule>
The duel was fought at the time when it was not unusual for seconds to be directly engaged in a duel:
{{quote|
This sanguinary duel, originating in a political intrigue, was fought early one morning at the Ring, in Hyde Park, then the usual spot for settling these so-called affairs of honour. The duke and his second, Colonel Hamilton, of the Foot Guards, were the first in the field. Soon after, came Lord Mohun and his second, Major Macartney. No sooner had the second party reached the ground, than the duke, unable to conceal his feelings, turned sharply round on Major Macartney, and remarked, 'I am well assured, sir, that all this is by your contrivance, and therefore you shall have your share in the dance; my friend here, Colonel Hamilton, will entertain you.' 'I wish for no better partner,' replied Macartney; 'the colonel may command me.' Little more passed between them, and the fight began with infinite fury, each being too intent upon doing mischief to his opponent to look sufficiently to his own defence. Macartney had the misfortune to be speedily disarmed, though not before he had wounded his adversary in the right leg; but, luckily for him, at this very moment the attention of the colonel was drawn off to the condition of his friend, and, flinging both the swords to a distance, he hastened to his assistance. The combat, indeed, had been carried on between the principals with uncommon ferocity, the loud and angry clashing of the steel having called to the spot the few stragglers that were abroad in the Park at so early an hour. In a very short time the duke was wounded in both legs, which he returned with interest, piercing his antagonist in the groin, through the arm, and in sundry other parts of his body. The blood flowed freely on both sides, their swords, their faces, and even the grass about them, being reddened with it; but rage lent them that almost supernatural strength which is so often seen in madmen. If they had thought little enough before of attending to their self-defence, they now seemed to have abandoned the idea altogether. Each at the same time made a desperate lunge at the other; the duke's weapon passed right through his adversary, up to the very hilt; and the latter, shortening his sword, plunged it into the upper part of the duke's left breast, the wound running downwards into his body, when his grace fell upon him. It was now that the colonel came to his aid, and raised him in his arms. Such a blow, it is probable, would have been fatal of itself; but Macartney had by this time picked up one of the swords, and stabbing the duke to the heart over Hamilton's shoulder, immediately fled, and made his escape to Holland. Such, at least, was the tale of the day, widely disseminated and generally believed by one party, although it was no less strenuously denied by the other. Proclamations were issued, and rewards offered, to an unusual amount, for the apprehension of the murderer, the affair assuming all the interest of a public question. Nay, it was roundly asserted by the Tories, that the Whig faction had gone so far as to place hired assassins about the Park to make sure of their victim, if he had escaped the open ferocity of Lord Mohun, or the yet more perilous treachery of Macartney.|Sir Bernard Burke ''Anecdotes of the Aristocracy''.{{harv|Walford|1878|pp=375–405}} }}</ref>
}}
-->
{{reflist}}

==References==
*{{Citation |last=Cokayne |first=George Edward |year=2000 |title=The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant |edition=reprint in 6 volumes |location=Gloucester, U.K. |publisher=Alan Sutton Publishing |volume=VI |pages=266–269 |display-authors=etal}}
*{{Citation |editor-last=Mosley |editor-first=Charles |year=1999 |title=Burke's Peerage and Baronetage |edition=106th, 2 volumes |location=Crans, Switzerland |publisher=Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) |volume=1 |page=1286}}
*{{Citation|last=Paul |first=Sir James Balfour |year=1907 |author-link=James Balfour Paul |title=The Scots Peerage IX vols |location=Edinburgh |volume=IV |page=383}}
*{{Citation |last=Walford |first=Edward |year=1878 |chapter=Hyde Park |title=Old and New London |volume=4 |pages=375–405 |chapter-url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45205}}

==Further reading==
*{{Citation|last=Stater |first=Victor |title=Duke Hamilton is Dead! A Story of Aristocratic Life and Death in Stuart Britain |location=New York |publisher=Hill & Wang |year=1999}}
**UK edition: ''High Life, Low Morals: The Duel That Shook Stuart Society'', London: John Murray, 1999.

{{commons category|James Hamilton, 4th Duke of Hamilton}}
{{S-start}}
{{s-hou|House of Douglas and Angus|4 April|1658|15 November|1712}}
{{s-mil}}
{{succession box | title=Colonel of the [[4th Royal Irish Dragoon Guards|Earl of Arran's Regiment of Cuirassiers]] | before=''(regiment raised)'' | after=[[Charles Douglas, 2nd Earl of Selkirk|Charles Hamilton]] | years=1685–1688}}
{{succession box | title=Colonel of [[Royal Horse Guards|The Royal Regiment of Horse]] | before=[[James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick|The Duke of Berwick]] | after=[[Aubrey de Vere, 20th Earl of Oxford|The Earl of Oxford]] | years=1688}}
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{{s-dip}}
|-
{{s-vac|reason = [[War of Spanish Succession]] |last=[[Charles Montagu, 1st Duke of Manchester|The Earl of Manchester]] <br>as [[List of ambassadors from the Kingdom of England to France|English Ambassador to France]]}}
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{{s-hon}}
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|-
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{{s-reg|sct}}
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{{s-reg|gb}}
{{s-new}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Duke of Brandon]] |years=1711–1712}}
{{s-aft| after=[[James Douglas-Hamilton, 5th Duke of Hamilton|James Hamilton]]}}
{{S-end}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hamilton, James Hamilton, 4th Duke of Hamilton}}
[[Category:1658 births]]
[[Category:1712 deaths]]
[[Category:Nobility from South Lanarkshire]]
[[Category:Diplomatic peers]]
[[Category:Politicians killed in duels]]
[[Category:Peers of Great Britain created by Queen Anne]]
[[Category:Dukes of Brandon|101]]
[[Category:Dukes of Hamilton|104]]
[[Category:Garter Knights appointed by Anne]]
[[Category:Knights of the Thistle]]
[[Category:Lord-lieutenants of Lancashire]]
[[Category:Members of the Parliament of Scotland 1689–1702]]
[[Category:Members of the Parliament of Scotland 1702–1707]]
[[Category:Royal Horse Guards officers]]
[[Category:Scottish generals]]
[[Category:Scottish representative peers]]
[[Category:House of Douglas and Angus|James Hamilton, 4th Duke of Hamilton]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of Great Britain to France]]
[[Category:House of Hamilton|James]]
[[Category:Scottish Jacobites]]
[[Category:17th-century Scottish peers]]