View source for Jan and Dean

{{Short description|American musical duo}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name              = Jan and Dean
| image             = Jan and Dean 1964.JPG
| caption           = Jan and Dean in 1964
| associated_acts   = [[The Beach Boys]], [[Jill Gibson]], [[Sandy Nelson]], [[The Fantastic Baggys]]
| background        = group_or_band
| origin            = [[Los Angeles|Los Angeles, California]], U.S.
| genre             = {{hlist|[[Rock music|Rock]]|[[Pop music|pop]]|[[vocal surf]]|[[California sound]]|[[psychedelic music|psychedelia]]}}
| years_active      = {{hlist|1957–1968|1973|1976–2004}}
| label             = {{hlist|[[Arwin Records|Arwin]]|[[Doré Records|Doré]]|Ripple|[[Challenge Records (1950s)|Challenge]]|[[Liberty Records|Liberty]]|[[London Records|London]]|[[J&D Records|J&D]]|[[Jan & Dean Records|Jan & Dean]]|[[Magic Lamp Records|Magic-Lamp]]|[[Columbia Records|Columbia]]|[[Warner Bros. Records|Warner Bros.]]|[[Brer Bird Records|Brer Bird]]|[[White Whale Records|White Whale]]|[[Sundazed Music|Sundazed]]}}
| website           = {{URL|jananddean.com}}
| past_members      = * Jan Berry
* Dean Torrence
}}

'''Jan and Dean''' were an American [[rock music|rock]] duo consisting of '''William Jan Berry''' (April 3, 1941 – March 26, 2004)<ref name="Jan Berry obituary BB-AP">{{cite magazine |last1=Billboard Staff |last2=The Associated Press |title=Berry, Half of Surf Duo, Jan & Dean, Dies |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/berry-half-of-surf-duo-jan-dean-dies-1441153/ |magazine=Billboard |publisher=Billboard |access-date=July 21, 2024 |date=March 29, 2004}}</ref> and '''Dean Ormsby Torrence''' (born March 10, 1940).  In the early 1960s, they were pioneers of the [[California Sound]] and [[vocal surf]] music styles later popularized by [[the Beach Boys]].

Among their most successful songs was 1963's "[[Surf City (song)|Surf City]]", the first surf song to reach the number one spot on the [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]] in the US.<ref name="Surf City No. 1">{{cite web|title=61 years ago this week, Jan & Dean's "Surf City" became the first surf song to hit No. 1 on the Hot100. |url=https://x.com/billboardcharts/status/1814009911359197669 |access-date=July 21, 2024}}</ref>  Their other charting top 10 singles were "[[Baby Talk (Jan and Dean song)|Baby Talk]]" (1959),<ref name="BB Hot 100 J&D archived">{{cite magazine |title=Jan and Dean Chart History: Hot 100 |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/jan-dean/chart-history/hot-100/song/572374 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180512073639/https://www.billboard.com/music/jan-dean/chart-history/hot-100/song/572374 |magazine=Billboard |publisher=Billboard/Internet Archive |access-date=July 21, 2024 |archive-date=May 12, 2018 |location=Internet Archive}}</ref> "[[Drag City (song)|Drag City]]" (1963),<ref name="BB Hot 100 J&D archived"></ref> "[[Dead Man's Curve (song)|Dead Man's Curve]]" (1964; inducted into the [[Grammy Hall of Fame]] in 2008,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jananddean-janberry.com/main/index.php/disc/capitol-digital?id=109 |title=Jan & Dean - Official Jan Berry Website - Dead Man's Curve / The New Girl In School |publisher=Jananddean-janberry.com |access-date=2014-08-23 |archive-date=2016-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306115820/http://jananddean-janberry.com/main/index.php/disc/capitol-digital?id=109 |url-status=dead }}</ref>)<ref name="Surf City No. 1"></ref><ref name="BB Hot 100 J&D archived"></ref> and "[[The Little Old Lady (from Pasadena)]]" (1964).<ref name="Surf City No. 1"></ref><ref name="BB Hot 100 J&D archived"></ref> 

In 1972, Torrence won the [[Grammy Award]] for [[Grammy Award for Best Recording Package|Best Album Cover]] for the [[psychedelic rock]] band [[Dobie Gray|Pollution]]'s first eponymous 1971 album,<ref name="pollution">{{cite web |url=http://www.discogs.com/Pollution-Pollution/release/1856539 |title=Pollution (3) - Pollution (Vinyl, LP) at Discogs |date=1971 |publisher=[[Discogs]] |access-date=2014-08-23}}</ref> and was nominated three other times in the same category for albums of the [[Nitty Gritty Dirt Band]].  In 2013, Torrence's design contribution of the Surf City Allstars' ''In Concert'' CD was named a Silver Award of Distinction at the Communicator Awards competition.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.communicatorawards.com/winners/list/?l=T&pageNum_winners=1&totalRows_winners=59&event=8&category=3&award=D |title=Winners |publisher=Communicator Awards |access-date=2014-08-23}}</ref>

==Early lives==
'''William Jan Berry''' (April 3, 1941 – March 26, 2004), was born in [[Los Angeles]] to Clara Lorentze Mustad (born September 2, 1919, [[Bergen]], [[Norway]] – died July 9, 2009) and aeronautical [[engineer]] William L. Berry (born December 7, 1909, New York City – died December 19, 2004, [[Camarillo, California]]),<ref name="Ancestry 2011">Ancestry.com. Social Security Death Index [database on-line]. Provo, Utah, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2011.</ref> He was raised in [[Bel Air, Los Angeles|Bel Air]], Los Angeles.<ref name= "Telegraph obit">{{cite news| title= Jan Berry|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1457963/Jan-Berry.html|work=The Telegraph|location=UK|date=March 29, 2004|access-date=October 20, 2017}}</ref> Jan's father worked for [[Howard Hughes]]<ref name= "Telegraph obit"/> as a project manager of the [[Hughes H-4 Hercules|"Spruce Goose"]] and flew on its only flight with Hughes.<ref name="Ancestry 2011"/><ref>''Los Angeles Times'' (16 July 2009). Ancestry.com. United States Obituary Collection [database on-line]. Provo, Utah, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2006.</ref><ref>Ancestry.com. 1930 United States Federal Census [database on-line]. Provo, Utah, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2002. Year: 1930; Census Place: Compton, Los Angeles, California; Roll: 125; Page: 3B; Enumeration District: 897; Image: 1073.0; FHL microfilm: 2339860.</ref>

'''Dean Ormsby Torrence''' (born {{Birth date and age|1940|3|10}}) was born in Los Angeles, the son of Natalie Ormsby (April 10, 1911 – August 10, 2008) and Maurice Dean Torrence (December 5, 1907 – November 16, 1997).<ref>Ancestry.com. Social Security Death Index. Number: 546-07-7303; Issue State: California.</ref><ref>Ancestry.com. California Death Index, 1940–1997 [database on-line]. Provo, Utah, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2000.</ref> His father, Maurice, was a graduate of [[Stanford University]],<ref>''Quad'' Yearbook, Stanford University (1930):336. Ancestry.com. U.S. School Yearbooks [database on-line]. Provo, Utah, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010.</ref> and was a sales manager at the [[Wilshire Oil Company]].

==History==

===1957–59: formation===
Berry and Torrence met while both were students at [[Emerson Middle School (Los Angeles)|Emerson Junior High School]] in [[Westwood, Los Angeles]], and both were on the school's [[American football|football]] team.  By 1957, they were students in the  class of 1958 at the nearby [[University High School (Los Angeles, California)|University High School]], where again they were both on the school's football team, the Warriors.<ref name="Twist 2002">''Twist & Shout: The Golden Age of American Rock 'n Roll'', Vol. 3, ed. Lee Cotten (Pierian Press, 2002):506.</ref> Berry and Torrence had adjoining lockers, and after football practice, they began [[harmony|harmonizing]] together in the showers with several other football players, including future actor [[James Brolin]].<ref name="Twist 2002"/><ref name="Ben Marcus 2005">Ben Marcus, ''Surfing USA!: An Illustrated History of the Coolest Sport of All Time'' (MVP Books, 2005):88.</ref>

====The Barons====
In order to enter a talent competition at University High School, Berry and Torrence helped form a [[doo-wop]] group known as "The Barons" (named after their high school's [[YMCA|Hi-Y club]], of which they were members),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vagabond58.com/Clubs/barons.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120919124354/http://www.vagabond58.com/Clubs/barons.htm|url-status=usurped|title=Barons|date=19 September 2012|archive-date=19 September 2012|website=Vagabond58.com|access-date=28 October 2017}}</ref> which was composed of fellow University High students William "Chuck" Steele (lead singer), Arnold P. "Arnie" Ginsburg (born November 19, 1939; 1st tenor), Wallace S. "Wally" Yagi (born July 20, 1940; 2nd tenor),<ref>Often "Wally Agi". See University High School Yearbook (June 1958):46, 104.</ref><ref>Ancestry.com. U.S. Public Records Index, Volume 1 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010.</ref> John 'Sagi" Seligman (2nd tenor),<ref>Often misspelled "John Sagliman". See University High School Yearbook (June 1958):43.</ref> with Berry singing bass and Torrence providing [[falsetto]].<ref name="Twist 2002"/>

During its short duration, [[Sandy Nelson]], Torrence's neighbor, played drums, and future [[The Beach Boys|Beach Boy]] [[Bruce Johnston]] occasionally sang and played piano. The Barons rehearsed for hours in Berry's parents' garage, where Berry's father provided an upright piano and two two-track [[Ampex|Ampex reel-to-reel tape recorders]].<ref name="Ben Marcus 2005"/><ref name="ReferenceA">Kent Hartman, ''The Wrecking Crew: The Inside Story of Rock and Roll's Best-Kept Secret'', 64.</ref>

In 1958, the Barons performed to popular acclaim at the talent competition at University High School, covering contemporary hits like "[[Get a Job (song)|Get a Job]]", "[[Danny and the Juniors|Rock and Roll Is Here to Stay]]", and "[[Short Shorts]]".<ref>Ben Marcus, ''Surfing USA!:  An Illustrated History of the Coolest Sport of All Time'' (MVP Books, 2005): pp. 88–89.<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed --></ref> Following the contest, various members of the Barons drifted away, leaving only Berry and Torrence,<ref>''The Guinness Encyclopedia of Popular Music'', ed. Colin Larkin, 2nd ed., (Guinness Pub., 1995):2134.</ref> who tried to write their own songs.

====Jan & Arnie====
After being inspired by a poster featuring a local [[Hollywood, Los Angeles|Hollywood]] [[American burlesque|burlesque performer]], [[Jennie Lee (dancer)|Virginia Lee Hicks]], who was then performing as Jennie Lee, the "Bazoom Girl", at the New Follies Burlesk at 548 S. Main St, Los Angeles,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jananddean-janberry.com/photogalleries/displayimage.php?album=15&pos=26 |title=Jan & Dean Photo Galleries - Jan & Arnie/Jennie Lee - The Bazoom Girl |publisher=Jananddean-janberry.com |access-date=2014-08-23 |archive-date=2014-01-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103144244/http://jananddean-janberry.com/photogalleries/displayimage.php?album=15&pos=26 |url-status=dead }}</ref>  Ginsburg wrote a tribute song, "[[Jennie Lee (song)|Jennie Lee]]", that he brought to Berry and Torrence. Berry adapted the [[American Civil War|Civil War]] tune "[[Aura Lea]]" and arranged the harmonies. After weeks of practice, Berry, Ginsburg, and Torrence planned to make a [[demo (music)|demo recording]] in Berry's garage, but Torrence was drafted into the [[United States Army Reserve]], forcing Berry and Ginsburg to record "Jennie Lee" without Torrence,<ref name="ReferenceB">Ben Marcus, ''Surfing USA!: An Illustrated History of the Coolest Sport of All Time'' (MVP Books, 2005):89.</ref> with Berry's friend and fellow University High student Donald J. Altfeld (born March 18, 1940, in Los Angeles <ref>Ancestry.com. U.S. Public Records Index, Vol. 1 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010.</ref>) "beating out the rhythm on a children's metal high chair".<ref name="ReferenceA"/> The next day Berry took their recording to Radio Recorders, a small [[recording studio]], to have it transferred to an [[acetate disc]].<ref name="ReferenceA"/> Joe Lubin, Vice President and Head of [[Artists and repertoire|A & R]] of [[Arwin Records]], was impressed and offered to add instruments and to release it through Arwin.<ref name="ReferenceB"/>

In March 1958, the fathers of Berry and Ginsburg signed contracts authorizing Lubin to produce, arrange, and manage their sons.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jananddean-janberry.com/photogalleries/displayimage.php?album=15&pos=21|title=Jan & Dean Photo Galleries - Jan & Arnie/Jan & Arnie|publisher=Jananddean-janberry.com|access-date=August 23, 2014|archive-date=January 3, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103144040/http://jananddean-janberry.com/photogalleries/displayimage.php?album=15&pos=21|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jananddean-janberry.com/photogalleries/displayimage.php?album=15&pos=20|title=Jan & Dean Photo Galleries - Jan & Arnie/Jan & Arnie|publisher=Jananddean-janberry.com|access-date=August 23, 2014|archive-date=January 3, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103150324/http://jananddean-janberry.com/photogalleries/displayimage.php?album=15&pos=20|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Produced by Lubin, "Jennie Lee" (Arwin 108), backed with "Gotta Get a Date" (credited to Ginsburg, Berry & Lubin), became a surprise commercial success. According to Berry biographer Mark A. Moore, "The song (with backing vocals, plus additional instruments added by the [[Ernie Freeman|Ernie Freeman combo]]) had a raucous [[Rhythm and blues|R&B]] flavor, with a bouncing bomp-bomp vocal hook that would become a signature from Jan on future recordings."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jananddean-janberry.com/main/index.php/jdhistory/58-62|title=Jan & Dean - Official Jan Berry Website - 1958-1962 - Barons & Bomps|website=Jananddean-janberry.com|access-date=October 28, 2017|archive-date=October 28, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171028203423/http://www.jananddean-janberry.com/main/index.php/jdhistory/58-62|url-status=dead}}</ref> Distributed by [[Dot Records]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jananddean-janberry.com/photogalleries/displayimage.php?album=15&pos=25Ad |title=Jan & Dean Photo Galleries - Jan & Arnie/Jennie Lee |publisher=Jananddean-janberry.com |access-date=2014-08-23 |archive-date=2014-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826114338/http://www.jananddean-janberry.com/photogalleries/displayimage.php?album=15&pos=25Ad |url-status=dead }}</ref> "Jennie Lee" was released in mid-April,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jananddean-janberry.com/photogalleries/displayimage.php?album=15&pos=19|title=Jan & Dean Photo Galleries - Jan & Arnie/Jan & Arnie|publisher=Jananddean-janberry.com|access-date=August 23, 2014|archive-date=January 3, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103145715/http://jananddean-janberry.com/photogalleries/displayimage.php?album=15&pos=19|url-status=dead}}</ref> entered the charts on May 10, 1958, the same day they appeared on [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]'s ''[[The Dick Clark Show|Dick Clark Show]]''. "Jennie Lee" peaked at No.&nbsp;3 on the ''[[Cash Box]]'' charts on June 21, 1958,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cashboxcountdowns.com/archives/50s_files/19580621.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120724175503/http://www.cashboxcountdowns.com/archives/50s_files/19580621.html|url-status=dead|title=Cash Box Top Singles 6/21/58|archive-date=July 24, 2012|website=Cashboxcountdowns.com|access-date=October 28, 2017}}</ref> No.&nbsp;4 on the [[R&B charts]], and No.&nbsp;8 on the [[Billboard charts]] on June 30, 1958. [[Billy Ward and his Dominoes]]'s R&B cover of "Jennie Lee" reached No.&nbsp;55 in the Pop charts in June 1958,<ref name="Covering Jan and Dean">{{cite web |url=http://jananddean-janberry.com/covers/jd-covers.html |title=Jan & Dean: Jan Berry Official Website |publisher=Jananddean-janberry.com |access-date=August 23, 2014 |archive-date=September 12, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140912182346/http://www.jananddean-janberry.com/covers/jd-covers.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> while other cover versions including that of [[Moon Mullican]] (Coral 9-61994) and [[The Cadillacs|Bobby Phillips & the Toppers]] (Tops 45-R422-49), released in 1958 failed to chart.<ref name="Covering Jan and Dean"/>

In July 1958, Jan & Arnie released their second single, "Gas Money" backed with "Bonnie Lou" (Arwin 111), both written by Berry, Ginsburg, and Altfeld. Like "Jennie Lee", "Gas Money" contained a few elements of what would later become surf music. It entered the ''Billboard'' charts on August 24, 1958, and peaked at No.&nbsp;81 a week later.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jananddean-janberry.com/main/index.php/disc/58-62|title=Jan & Dean - Official Jan Berry Website - 1958-1962|publisher=Jananddean-janberry.com|access-date=August 23, 2014|archive-date=March 17, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317070435/http://www.jananddean-janberry.com/main/index.php/disc/58-62|url-status=dead}}</ref> Jan & Arnie were a featured act on the Summer Dance Party that toured the US East Coast, including Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, and Connecticut in July 1958. By the end of the month, they traveled to [[Manhattan]] to appear on ''[[The Dick Clark Show]]''.

On August 24, 1958, Jan & Arnie played in a live show hosted by [[Dick Clark]] that featured [[Bobby Darin]], the Champs, [[Sheb Wooley]], [[the Blossoms]], [[the Six Teens]], [[Jerry Wallace]], [[Jack Jones (singer)|Jack Jones]], [[Rod McKuen]] and the Ernie Freeman Orchestra in front of nearly 12,000 fans at the first rock-n-roll show ever held at the [[Hollywood Bowl]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jananddean-janberry.com/photogalleries/displayimage.php?album=15&pos=23|title=Jan & Dean Photo Galleries - Jan & Arnie/Jan & Arnie - Dick Clark - Hollywood Bowl|website=Jananddean-janberry.com|access-date=October 28, 2017|archive-date=September 7, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170907215224/http://www.jananddean-janberry.com/photogalleries/displayimage.php?album=15&pos=23|url-status=dead}}</ref>

By September 6, 1958, Jan & Arnie's third and final single, "The Beat That Can't Be Beat" backed with "I Love Linda" (Arwin 113), again composed by the Berry, Ginsburg, and Altfeld team, was released. However this single failed to chart, due in part to a lack of distribution. On October 19, 1958, Jan & Arnie performed "The Beat That Can't Be Beat" on CBS's ''[[Jack Benny Show]]''.<ref>''Hartford Courant'' (Hartford, CT: October 19, 1958).</ref>

Arnie Ginsburg recorded a one-off single with a band named the Rituals on the Arwin label. The single, "Girl in Zanzibar" b/w "Guitarro", was released on vinyl in January 1959, preceding Jan and Dean's first single "Baby Talk", released in May 1959. Other than Arnie, the single featured [[Richard Podolor]] on guitar, Sandy Nelson on drums, [[Bruce Johnston]] on piano, Dave Shostac on sax, Harper Cosby on bass, and [[Mike Deasy]] on guitar. It is unclear if the actual single was released for the general public but there are several promotional copies pressed to vinyl in existence.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jananddean-janberry.com/boards/index.php?topic=405.0|title=Arnie Ginsburg|publisher=Jananddean-janberry.com|access-date=August 23, 2014}}</ref>

By the end of the year, when Torrence had completed his six-month stint at [[Fort Ord]], Ginsburg had become disenchanted with the music business. Ginsburg enrolled in the School of Architecture and Design at the [[University of Southern California]] and graduated in the field of product design in 1966. After graduation Ginsburg worked for several noted Los Angeles architects, among them [[Charles Eames]],<ref name="Making The Most Of A Minimal Life">Mary Every, [https://www.chicagotribune.com/1989/08/05/making-the-most-of-a-minimal-life/ "Making The Most Of A Minimal Life"], ''News-Press'' (Santa Barbara, CA), August 5, 1989.</ref> and in December 1973 he was granted a [[Patent|U.S. patent]] for a table he designed.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/USD229467|title=Patent USD229467 - Table - Google Patents|access-date=August 24, 2014}}</ref>

Ginsburg moved in 1975 to [[Santa Barbara, California]], where he worked as an architectural designer.<ref name="Making The Most Of A Minimal Life"/> designing the innovative Ginsburg House.<ref>Nora Richter Greer, ''Outdoor Decorating and Style Guide: Interior Design and Architecture'' (Rockport Publishers, 2003)<!--ISSN/ISBN needed--></ref> In September 1976, Ginsburg and Michael W. O'Neill were granted a patent for a portable [[batting cage]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US3980304|title=Patent US3980304 - Portable batting practice cage|access-date=August 23, 2014}}</ref>

===1959–62: early records===
After Torrence returned from a six-month [[conscription|compulsory stint]] in the [[US Army Reserve]], Berry and Torrence began to make music as "Jan and Dean". With the help of [[record producer]]s [[Herb Alpert]] and [[Lou Adler]], Jan and Dean scored a No.&nbsp;10 hit on the Dore label with "[[Baby Talk (1959 song)|Baby Talk]]" (1959)<ref name=pc20>{{Gilliland |url=https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc19770/m1/ |title=Show 20 - Forty Miles of Bad Road: Some of the best from rock 'n' roll's dark ages. [Part 1] |show=20}}</ref> (which was incorrectly labeled as Jan & Arnie when it initially was released), then scored a series of hits over the next couple of years. Playing local venues, they met and performed with [[the Beach Boys]], and discovered the appeal of the latter's "surf sound". By this time Berry was co-writing, arranging, and producing all of Jan and Dean's original material.

During this time Berry co-wrote or arranged and produced songs for other artists outside of Jan and Dean, including [[The Angels (American group)|the Angels]] ("[[I Adore Him]]", Top 30), the Gents, the Matadors (Sinners), Pixie (unreleased), Jill Gibson, [[Shelley Fabares]], Deane Hawley, [[the Rip Chords]] ("Three Window Coupe", Top 30), and [[Johnny Crawford]], among others.

Unlike most other rock 'n roll acts of the period, Jan and Dean did not give music their full-time attention. They were college students, maintaining their studies while writing and recording music and making public appearances on the side. Torrence majored in advertising design in the school of architecture at [[University of Southern California|USC]], where he also was a member of the [[Phi Sigma Kappa]] fraternity.<ref name="ATPS">{{cite book
 | last = Rand
 | first = Frank Prentice
 | author2=Ralph Watts |author3=James E. Sefton
 | title = All The Phi Sigs – A History
 | publisher = Phi Sigma Kappa Fraternity
 | location=Indianapolis, IN
 | pages= 270–275
 | year = 1993}}</ref> Berry took science and music classes at [[University of California, Los Angeles|UCLA]], became a member of [[Phi Gamma Delta]] fraternity, and entered the California College of Medicine (now the [[UC Irvine School of Medicine]]) in 1963.

===1963–66: peak years===
[[File:Jan and Dean - Cash Box 1963.jpg|thumb|Jan and Dean on the cover of ''[[Cashbox (magazine)|Cash Box]]''; August 3, 1963]]
Jan and Dean reached their commercial peak in 1963 and 1964, after they met Brian Wilson. The duo scored sixteen Top 40 hits on the ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' and ''[[Cash Box]]'' magazine charts, with a total of twenty-six [[record chart|chart]] hits over an eight-year period (1959-1966). Berry and Wilson collaborated on roughly a dozen hits and album cuts for Jan and Dean, including "Surf City", co-written by Jan Berry and Brian Wilson <ref name="The Book of Golden Discs">{{Citation
| first= Joseph
| last= Murrells
| year= 1978
| title= The Book of Golden Discs
| edition= 2nd
| publisher= Barrie and Jenkins Ltd
| location= London
| pages= [https://archive.org/details/bookofgoldendisc00murr/page/160 160–161]
| isbn= 0-214-20512-6
| url-access= registration
| url= https://archive.org/details/bookofgoldendisc00murr/page/160
}}</ref> (number one, 1963).  Subsequent top 10 hits included "Drag City" (number 10, 1964), the eerily portentous "Dead Man's Curve" (number 8, 1964), and "The Little Old Lady from Pasadena" number 3, 1964).

In 1964, at the height of their fame, Jan and Dean hosted and performed at ''[[The T.A.M.I. Show]],'' a historic concert film directed by Steve Binder. The film also featured such acts as [[the Rolling Stones]], [[Chuck Berry]], [[Gerry & the Pacemakers]], [[James Brown]], [[Billy J. Kramer|Billy J. Kramer & the Dakotas]], [[Marvin Gaye]], [[the Supremes]], [[Lesley Gore]], [[The Miracles|Smokey Robinson & the Miracles]] and the Beach Boys. Also in 1964, the duo performed the title track for the [[Columbia Pictures]] film ''[[Ride the Wild Surf]]'', starring [[Fabian Forte]], [[Tab Hunter]], [[Peter Brown (actor)|Peter Brown]], [[Shelley Fabares]], and [[Barbara Eden]]. The song, penned by Jan Berry, Brian Wilson and [[Roger Christian (songwriter)|Roger Christian]], was a Top 20 national hit. The pair were also to have appeared in the film, but their roles were cut due to their association with [[Barry Keenan]], who had engineered the [[Frank Sinatra Jr#Kidnapping|Frank Sinatra Jr.]] kidnapping.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jananddean-janberry.com/sinatra/sinatra-kidnapping.html |title=Mysterious Financier: Dean Torrence and the Kidnapping of Frank Sinatra Jr |publisher=Jananddean-janberry.com |access-date=2012-03-25 |archive-date=2011-10-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002053226/http://www.jananddean-janberry.com/sinatra/sinatra-kidnapping.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Jan and Dean also filmed two unreleased television pilots: ''Surf Scene'' in 1963 and ''On the Run'' in 1966. Their feature film for [[Paramount Pictures]] ''[[Easy Come, Easy Go (unfinished film)|Easy Come, Easy Go]]'' was canceled when Berry, as well as the film's director and other crew members, were seriously injured in a railroad accident while shooting the film in [[Chatsworth, Los Angeles|Chatsworth, California]], in August 1965.<ref>Movie Call Sheet: Train Wreck Derails Film. Martin, Betty. ''Los Angeles Times'' 11 August 1965, page D12.</ref>

After the surfing craze, Jan and Dean scored two Top-30 hits in 1965: "[[You Really Know How to Hurt a Guy]]" got up to 27 and "[[I Found a Girl (Jan and Dean song)|I Found a Girl]]" got to 30—the latter from the album ''Folk 'n Roll''. During this period, they also began to experiment with cutting-edge comedy concepts such as the original (unreleased) ''Filet of Soul'' and ''Jan & Dean Meet Batman''. The former's album cover shows Berry with his leg in a cast as a result of the accident while filming ''Easy Come, Easy Go''.

In 1966, Jan Berry recorded "The Universal Coward", an angry response to [[Donovan]]’s anti-war single "[[Universal Soldier (song)|Universal Soldier]]"(originally written by [[Buffy Sainte-Marie]]) even though Berry never served in the military.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hickey |first=Andrew |date=2022-02-15 |title=Episode 144: "Last Train to Clarksville" by the Monkees |url=https://500songs.com/podcast/episode-144-last-train-to-clarksville-by-the-monkees/ |access-date=2023-10-07 |website=A History of Rock Music in 500 Songs |language=en-US}}</ref>

===1966–68: Berry's car wreck===
On April 12, 1966, Berry received severe head injuries in an automobile accident on Whittier Drive, just a short distance from [[Dead Man's Curve#California|Dead Man's Curve]] in [[Beverly Hills, California]], two years after [[Dead Man's Curve (song)|the song]] had become a hit. He was en route to a business meeting when he crashed his Corvette into a parked truck on Whittier Drive, near the intersection of Sunset Boulevard, in Beverly Hills. Berry also had separated from his girlfriend of seven years, singer-artist [[Jill Gibson]], later a member of [[the Mamas & the Papas]] for a short time, who also had co-written several songs with him. He was in a coma for more than two months before finally awakening on the morning of June 16.

Berry recovered from [[brain damage]] and partial [[paralysis]]. He had limited use of his right arm, and had to learn to write with his left hand as well as learning to walk again.

In Berry's absence, Torrence released several singles on the J&D Record Co. label and recorded ''Save for a Rainy Day'' in 1966, a [[concept album]] featuring all rain-themed songs. Torrence posed with Berry's brother Ken for the album cover photos. [[Columbia Records]] released one single from the project ("Yellow Balloon") as did the song's writer, [[Gary Zekley]], with the group [[The Yellow Balloon (band)|the Yellow Balloon]].

[[File:Pollution1973.jpg|thumb|The album cover to ''Pollution'', designed by Torrence, won a Grammy Award for Best Album Cover in 1971.]] Besides his studio work, Torrence became a [[graphic artist]], starting his own company, Kittyhawk Graphics, and designing and creating album covers and logos for other musicians and recording artists, including [[Harry Nilsson]], [[Steve Martin]], the [[Nitty Gritty Dirt Band]], [[Michael Nesmith]], [[Dennis Wilson]], [[Bruce Johnston]], [[the Beach Boys]], [[The Supremes|Diana Ross and the Supremes]], [[Linda Ronstadt]], [[Canned Heat]], [[the Ventures]] and many others. Torrence (with Gene Brownell) won a [[Grammy Award]] for "Album Cover of the Year" in 1971, for the album ''Pollution'' by Pollution on Prophesy Records.

Berry returned to the studio in April 1967, almost one year to the day after his accident. Working with Alan Wolfson, he began writing and producing music again. In December 1967, Jan and Dean signed an agreement with [[Warner Bros. Records]]. Warner issued three singles under the name "Jan and Dean", but a 1968 Berry-produced album for Warner Bros., the [[psychedelic music|psychedelic]] ''[[Carnival of Sound]]'', remained unreleased until February 2010, when Rhino Records' "Handmade" label put out CD and vinyl compilations of all tracks recorded for ''Carnival'', along with various outtakes and remixes from the project.<ref>Moore, Mark A. "Rainy Days in a Carnival of Sound: "The Lost Renaissance of Jan & Dean." [http://esquarterly.com Endless Summer Quarterly] (Fall 2007).</ref>

===Later years===
In 1971, Jan and Dean released the album ''Jan & Dean Anthology Album'' under the label [[United Artists Records]]. The album included many of their top hits, starting with 1958's "Jennie Lee" and ending with 1968's "[[Vegetables (song)|Vegetables]]".

Berry began to sing again in the early 1970s, touring with his Aloha band, while Dean began performing with a band called [[Papa Doo Run Run]].

On August 26, 1973, Torrence was scheduled to appear at the [[Hollywood Palladium]] as part of [[Jim Pewter]]'s "Surfer's Stomp" reunion. Torrence had recently released some Jan & Dean songs with new vocal parts by [[Bruce Johnston]] (of the Beach Boys) and producer [[Terry Melcher]] under the moniker the Legendary Masked Surfers. Torrence arranged with Berry to join him [[Lip sync|lip-syncing]] on stage to a pre-recorded track. The two anticipated that the audience would know it was a tape recording, and they decided to make light of it during the performance. That night, they joked around and stopped lip-syncing on stage while the music continued, but the audience became angry and started booing.<ref>Moore 2016, p. 383</ref> The duo's first live performance after Berry's accident occurred at the Palomino Nightclub in North Hollywood on June 5, 1976, ten years after the accident, as guests of Disneyland regulars Papa Doo Run Run. Their first actual multi-song concert billed as Jan and Dean took place in 1978 in New York City at the Palladium as part of the [[Murray the K]] Brooklyn Fox Reunion Show. This was followed by a handful of East Coast shows as guests of their longtime friends the Beach Boys. Four nationwide J & D headlining tours followed through 1980. Berry was still suffering the effects of his 1966 accident, with partial paralysis and [[aphasia]].

The duo experienced a resurgence after [[Paul Morantz]]'s "Road back from Deadman's Curve" article appeared in ''Rolling Stone'' in 1974, writing the piece after spending extensive time with the two singers, their families, doctors and associates. Morantz first submitted the story to ''Playboy'', who recommended it to ''Rolling Stone''. He then wrote a film treatment from his story which was purchased by CBS.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thewrap.com/remembering-dead-mans-curve-28390/|title='Deadman's Curve': How We Turned Near-Forgotten '50s Surfer-Rockers Into Icons|date=20 June 2011|website=Thewrap.com|access-date=October 28, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.paulmorantz.com/jananddean/jan-dean-behind-the-movie/|title=Jan & Dean: Behind the Movie|website=Paulmorantz.com|access-date=October 28, 2017}}</ref>

On February 3, 1978, [[CBS]] aired a [[Television movie|made-for-TV film]] about the duo titled ''[[Deadman's Curve]]''. The [[biopic]] starred [[Richard Hatch (actor)|Richard Hatch]] as Jan Berry and [[Bruce Davison]] as Dean Torrence, with cameo appearances by [[Dick Clark]], [[Wolfman Jack]], [[Mike Love]] of the Beach Boys, and [[Bruce Johnston]] (who at that time was temporarily out of the Beach Boys), as well as Berry himself. Near the end of the film he can be seen sitting in the audience, watching "himself" (Richard Hatch) perform onstage. The part of Jan and Dean's band was played by Papa Doo Run Run, which included Mark Ward and Jim Armstrong, who went on to form Jan and Dean and the Bel-Air Bandits. Johnston and Berry had known each other since high school, and had played music together in Berry's garage in Bel Air — long before Jan and Dean or the Beach Boys were formed. Following the release of the film, the duo made steps toward an official comeback that year, including touring with the Beach Boys, and performing with Papa Doo Run Run at Cupertino High School. In the Netherlands the showing on television of the movie by [[Veronica (media)|Veronica]] in August 1979 earned them a huge{{Clarify|reason=vague|date=March 2019}} hit record of the re-recorded "Surf City" and "Deadman's Curve" songs as a double A-sided single record release, and a [[golden oldies]] record having "The Little Old Lady From Pasadena" as its flip side reached a lower position in the charts.

In the early 1980s, Papa Doo Run Run left to explore other performance and recording ventures. Berry struggled to overcome drug [[Substance use disorder|addiction]]. In 1979, Berry had performed over 100 concerts of Jan and Dean songs with another front man from Hawaii, Randy Ruff. Torrence also toured briefly as "Mike & Dean", with Mike Love of the Beach Boys. Later, the duo reunited for good. In "Phase II" of their career, Torrence led the touring operation.

[[File:Jan and Dean performing at Orange County Fair, 1985.jpg|thumb|Torrence and Berry in 1985]]

Jan and Dean continued to tour on their own throughout the 1980s, the 1990s, and into the new millennium – with 1960s nostalgia providing them with a ready audience, headlining oldies shows throughout North America. [[Sundazed Music]] reissued Torrence's ''Save for a Rainy Day'' in 1996 in CD and vinyl formats, as well as the collector's vinyl 45 rpm companion EP, "Sounds For A Rainy Day", featuring four instrumental versions of the album's tracks.

Between the 1970s and the early 2000s, Torrence issued a number of re-recordings of classic Jan and Dean and Beach Boys hits. A double album titled ''One Summer Night / Live'' was issued by [[Rhino Records]] in 1982.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jananddean.moonfruit.com/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150430171844/http://www.jananddean.moonfruit.com/#/one-summer-nightliv/4514844076|url-status=dead|title=Jan & Dean Resource|archivedate=30 April 2015|website=Jananddean.moonfruit.com|access-date=12 June 2021}}</ref> Torrence released the album ''Silver Summer'' with the help of Mike Love in 1985 for Jan & Dean's 25th anniversary. ''Silver Summer'' was officially released as a Jan & Dean album, but falsely gives credit to Berry as co-producer and singer; Berry did not contribute to the album.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jananddean.moonfruit.com/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150430171844/http://www.jananddean.moonfruit.com/#/silver-summer/4514844078|url-status=dead|title=Jan & Dean Resource|archivedate=30 April 2015|website=Jananddean.moonfruit.com|access-date=12 June 2021}}</ref> Torrence participated with Berry on ''Port to Paradise'', released as a cassette on the J&D Records label in 1986. In 1997, after many years of hard work, Berry released a solo album called ''Second Wave'' on One Way Records. June 11, 2002, Torrence released a solo album titled ''Anthology: Legendary Masked Surfer Unmasked''.<ref>{{cite web|author=Richie Unterberger|author-link=Richie Unterberger|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/anthology-legendary-masked-surfer-unmasked-mw0000220549 |title=Anthology: Legendary Masked Surfer Unmasked - Dean Torrence &#124; Songs, Reviews, Credits, Awards |website=AllMusic |date=June 11, 2002 |access-date=August 23, 2014}}</ref>

On August 31, 1991, Berry married Gertie Filip at the Stardust Convention Centre in [[Las Vegas, Nevada]]. Torrence was Berry's best man at the wedding.

====Berry's death====
Berry died on March 26, 2004, as the result of a seizure at age 62.<ref name="Jan Berry obituary BB-AP"></ref> He was an [[organ donor]] and his body was cremated.<ref>''L.A. Times'' March 28, 2004, p. B.19</ref> On April 18, a "Celebration of Life" was held in Berry's memory at the [[Roxy Theatre (West Hollywood)|Roxy Theatre]] on the [[Sunset Strip]] in [[West Hollywood, California]]. Attendees included Torrence, Lou Adler, [[Jill Gibson]], and [[Nancy Sinatra]], along with many family members, friends, and musicians associated with Jan and Dean and the Beach Boys, including the original members of Papa Doo Run Run.

In February 2010, the Jan and Dean album ''[[Carnival of Sound]]'' was released on the Rhino Handmade label. The album cover was designed by Torrence. Along with the CD, there was a limited edition (1500 copies), which included a 10-track LP. The album was released in Europe in April 2010 in its original US form.

In 2012, Torrence reunited with Bruce Davison, who portrayed him in the 1978 film ''Deadman's Curve'', to perform with the Bamboo Trading Company on their ''From Kitty Hawk To Surf City'' album. The songs were "Shrewd Awakening" and "Tonga Hut", which was featured on the film ''Return of the Killer Shrews'', a sequel to the 1959 film ''[[The Killer Shrews]]'' and also "Tweet (Don't Talk Anymore)", "Drinkin' In the Sunshine", and "Star Of The Beach". The album also features Dean's two daughters, Jillian and Katie Torrence; the three of them were featured in the music video of "Shrewd Awakening".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2gq58e_XY1I| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/2gq58e_XY1I| archive-date=2021-12-11 | url-status=live|title="Shrewd Awakening" music video| date=25 April 2013|access-date=12 June 2021|publisher=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.killershrewsmovie.com/bambootradingcompany.html |title=The Bamboo Trading Company |publisher=Killershrewsmovie.com |date=December 3, 2013 |access-date=August 23, 2014}}</ref>

After Berry's death, Torrence began touring occasionally with the Surf City All-Stars. He serves as a spokesman for the City of Huntington Beach, California, which, thanks in part to his efforts, is nationally recognized as "Surf City USA". Torrence's website features—among other things—rare images, a complete Jan and Dean discography, a biography, and a timeline of his career with cohort Jan Berry. He currently resides in Huntington Beach, California, with his wife and two daughters.{{Citation needed|date=March 2019}}

==Legacy==
In 1964, Jan and Dean were signed to host what became the first multi-act rock and roll show that was edited into a motion picture designed for wide distribution. ''[[The T.A.M.I. Show]]'' became a seminal and original production – in essence one of the first rock videos – on its release in 1964. Using a high-resolution videotape process called [[Electronovision]] (transferred from television directly onto 35mm motion picture stock as a [[kinescope]]), new sound recording techniques and having a remarkable cast, ''The T.A.M.I. Show'' set the standard for all succeeding music film and video work, including many of the early videos shown by MTV 17 years later. The revolutionary technical achievements of ''The T.A.M.I. Show'' and the list of performers (including a performance by [[James Brown]] that many critics have called the best of his career) marked a high point for Jan and Dean, as they were the hosts and one of the main featured acts as well. They became one of the main faces of mid-1960s music, until Berry's auto accident two years later, through their ''T.A.M.I. Show ''appearance.

According to rock critic [[Dave Marsh]], the attitude and public persona of [[punk rock]] can be traced to Jan and Dean.<ref>[[Dave Marsh]] "An Analytical Study", in the liners for Jan and Dean's ''Anthology'' LP, [[United Artists]], 1971.</ref>

Brian Wilson has cited Berry as having a direct impact{{explain|date=February 2022}} on his own growth as a record producer.<ref>Brian Wilson interview with Peter Jones Productions, quoted in article by Mark A. Moore titled: [http://www.jananddean-janberry.com/esq/jan-berry_esq_moore.html Jan Berry 101: A Study in Composition] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929160220/http://www.jananddean-janberry.com/esq/jan-berry_esq_moore.html |date=2007-09-29 }} (''Endless Summer Quarterly,'' Summer 2004).</ref>

In an interview conducted by Jan and Dean fan and historian David Beard for the [[Collectors' Choice Music|Collectors' Choice]] release, ''Jan & Dean, the Complete Liberty Singles'',<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ccmusic.com/item.cfm?itemid=CCM09492 |title=Collectors' Choice Music |publisher=Ccmusic.com |access-date=2012-03-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229105934/http://www.ccmusic.com/item.cfm?itemid=CCM09492 |archive-date=2012-02-29 }}</ref> Dean Torrence stated that he felt the duo should be in the [[Rock & Roll Hall of Fame]]: "We have the scoreboard if you just want to compare number of hits and musical projects done. We beat 75 percent of the people in there. So what else is it? I've got to think that we were pretty irreverent when it came to the music industry. They kind of always held that against us. That's okay with me."

Jan and Dean were inducted into the Hollywood Rock Walk of Fame on April 12, 1996, exactly 30 years after Jan Berry had his near fatal car accident.

On January 28, 2023, Jan and Dean were inducted into the California Music Hall Of Fame.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Music, The Evening, The Inductees, The Magic |url=https://californiamusichalloffame.ticketspice.com/california-music-hall-of-fame-induction-ceremony |website=California Music Hall Of Fame Induction Ceremony}}</ref>

[[The Who]] covered Jan and Dean's "Bucket T" on their UK EP ''[[Ready Steady Who]]'' from 1966, one of only a few songs the group performed where surf-fan [[Keith Moon]] provided the lead vocals.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Atkins |first=John |title=The Who on record: a critical history, 1963-1998 |date=2000 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-0-7864-0609-8 |location=Jefferson, N.C}}</ref>

Alternative rock group the [[Red Hot Chili Peppers]] referenced the duo in their song "[[Did I Let You Know]]", on the album ''[[I'm with You (album)|I'm with You]]''.{{importance inline|date=February 2022}}

== Discography ==
{{Main|Jan and Dean discography}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

===Sources===
* {{Citation |last=Adams |first=Mark |title=Jan & Dean/Dean Torrence Interviews |url=http://www.jananddean.moonfruit.com/articles |access-date=2007-02-15 |archive-date=2007-11-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071114112309/http://www.jananddean.moonfruit.com/articles |url-status=dead }}
* Berry, Torrence, Jan & Dean Archives Volume 1. White Lighting Publishing (2013) {{ISBN|978 0989334440}}
* Berry, Torrence, Jan & Dean Archives Volume 2. White Lighting Publishing (2013) {{ISBN|978 0989334464}}
* Berry, Torrence and Kelly, Mike, Jan & Dean Archives Volume 1. White Lighting Publishing (2014) {{ISBN|978 1941028049}}
* {{Citation |last=Greene |first=Bob |title=When We Get to Surf City: A Journey Through America in Pursuit of Rock and Roll, Friendship, and Dreams |publisher=St. Martin's Press |isbn=978-0-312-37529-4 |year=2008 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/whenwegettosurfc00gree }}
* {{Citation |last=Holdship |first=Bill |title=Wipeout! (Jan & Dean Article) |journal=[[Mojo (magazine)|MOJO]] |date=April 2005}}
* {{Citation |last=Moore |first=Mark A. |title=Jan Berry 101: A Study in Composition — With Bach, Old Ladies, and Bats |journal=Endless Summer Quarterly |volume=Summer |pages=12–22 |year=2004}}
* {{Citation |last=Moore |first=Mark A. |title=A Righteous Trip: In the Studio with Jan Berry |journal=Dumb Angel Magazine |volume=4 |pages=88–99 |publisher=Neptune's Kingdom Press |year=2005}}
* {{Citation |last=Moore |first=Mark A. |title=Rainy Days in a Carnival of Sound: The Lost Renaissance of Jan & Dean |journal=Endless Summer Quarterly |volume=Fall |pages=31–38 |year=2007}}
* {{Citation |last=Moore |first=Mark A. |title=The Jan & Dean Record: A Chronology of Studio Sessions, Live Performances and Chart Positions |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-0786498123 |year=2016}}
* {{Citation |last=Moore |first=Mark A. |title=Jan & Dean History |url=http://www.jananddean-janberry.com/history.html |access-date=2007-02-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207170647/http://www.jananddean-janberry.com/history.html |archive-date=2007-02-07 |url-status=dead }}

==External links==
* [http://www.jananddean.com/ Official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011130235043/http://jananddean.com/ |date=2001-11-30 }}
* [http://www.jananddean-janberry.com/ Official Jan Berry Website]
* [http://www.jananddean.moonfruit.com/ Jan & Dean Officially Endorsed Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150430171844/http://www.jananddean.moonfruit.com/ |date=2015-04-30 }}
* [http://www.surfcityallstars.com/ Surf City Allstars Web Site]
* [http://rockabillynblues.blogspot.com/2011/12/dean-torrence-garage-doo-wop-with-jan.html Dean Torrence interview]

{{Jan and Dean}}

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