View source for Janata Dal

{{Short description|Former political party in India, 1988–1999}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2024}}
{{Infobox political party
| name             = Janata Dal
| logo             = Janata Dal symbol.svg
| logo_size        = 150px
| colorcode        = {{party color|Janata Dal}}
| foundation       = {{Start date and age|df=yes|p=y|1988|10|11}}
| country          = India
| abbreviation     = JD
| founder          = [[V. P. Singh]]
| dissolution      = 2003
| merger           = {{unbulleted list|[[Jan Morcha]]| [[Janata Party]] faction|[[Lok Dal]] faction|[[Indian National Congress (Jagjivan)|Congress (Jagjivan)]]|[[Thamizhaga Munnetra Munnani]]}}
| successor        = {{unbulleted list |[[Samata Party]]<ref>{{citation |title=Samata Party |url=https://samataparty.org/ |access-date=2022-02-15 |archive-date=2022-02-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220215101928/https://samataparty.org/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |[[Janata Dal (Socialist) ]]|[[Janata Dal (Secular)]]|[[Janata Dal (United)]]|[[Loktantrik Janata Dal]]|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]|[[Rashtriya Lok Dal]]| [[Biju Janata Dal]]|[[Rashtriya Lok Morcha]]|[[Indian National Lok Dal]]|[[Lok Janshakti Party]]|[[Rashtriya Lok Janshakti Party]]|[[Samajwadi Party]]|([[Janata Parivar]])}}
|ideology          = [[Social democracy]]
|position          = [[Centrism|Centre]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Why the Far Right Rules Modi's India|publisher=[[Jacobin (magazine)|Jacobin]]|url=https://jacobin.com/2024/03/bjp-far-right-modi-india|quote=In this vacuum, the BJP’s path to power followed that of three other centrist parties, similar to Congress, which led coalitions on three separate occasions.|access-date=4 June 2024}}</ref>
| national         = {{unbulleted list|[[National Front (India)|National Front]] (1988–1996)|[[United Front (India, 1996)|United Front]] (1996–1998)}}
| colours          = {{Color box|{{party color|Janata Dal}}|border=darkgray}} [[Green]]
}}

'''Janata Dal''' ({{lit|People's Party}}) was an [[List of political parties in India|Indian political party]] which was formed through the merger of [[Lok Dal]], [[Indian National Congress (Jagjivan)|Jagiivan's Congress]], and [[Jan Morcha]] on 11 October 1988—the birth anniversary of [[Jayaprakash Narayan]] under the leadership of [[V. P. Singh]].<ref name="Chander2004">{{cite book|author=N. Jose Chander|title=Coalition Politics: The Indian Experience|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G_QtMGIczhMC&pg=PA35|access-date=31 October 2015|date=1 January 2004|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=978-81-8069-092-1|pages=35–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=India Since Independence: Making Sense of Indian Politics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X62Sc3muOyQC&pg=PA334|access-date=31 October 2015|year=2010|publisher=Pearson Education India|isbn=978-81-317-2567-2|pages=334–}}</ref>

==History==
V. P. Singh united the entire disparate spectrum of parties ranging from regional parties such as the [[Telugu Desam Party]], the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]], and the [[Asom Gana Parishad]], and formed the [[National Front (India)|National Front]] with [[N. T. Rama Rao]] as President and Singh as convenor. The front also included outside support from the [[Right-wing politics|right-wing]] [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] and the [[Left-wing politics|left-wing]] Left Front, led by the [[Communist Party of India]] and [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]. They defeated [[Rajiv Gandhi]]'s [[Congress (I)]] in the 1989 parliamentary elections.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/30/world/asia/30singh.html?_r=1& | title=V. P. Singh, a Leader of India Who Defended Poor, Dies at 77 | work=New York Times | date=29 November 2008 | access-date=31 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Indian Parliamentary Democracy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9dDH9q7nVQ8C&pg=PA124|access-date=1 November 2015|year=2003|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist|isbn=978-81-269-0193-7|pages=124–}}</ref>
His government fell after [[Lalu Prasad Yadav]] got [[L. K. Advani|Advani]] arrested in [[Samastipur]] and stopped his ''[[Ram Rath Yatra]],'' which was going to [[Ayodhya]] to the site of the Babri Masjid on 23 October 1990, and the Bharatiya Janata Party withdrew support. Singh lost a parliamentary vote of confidence on 7 November 1990.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/11/08/world/india-s-cabinet-falls-as-premier-loses-confidence-vote-by-142-346-and-quits.html | title=India's Cabinet Falls as Premier Loses Confidence Vote, by 142-346, and Quits | work=New York Times | date=8 November 1990 | access-date=1 November 2015}}</ref> In the [[1991 Indian general election]] the Janata Dal lost power but emerged as the third largest party in the [[Lok Sabha]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2145_91.htm | title=India Parliamentary Chamber: Lok Sabha Elections Held in 1991 | publisher=Inter-Parliamentary Union | access-date=1 November 2015}}</ref> The Janata Dal-led [[United Front (India, 1996)|United Front]] formed the government after the [[1996 Indian general election]] with the outside support of the [[Indian National Congress]]. However, after this the Janata Dal gradually disintegrated into various smaller factions, which largely became regional parties such as [[Biju Janata Dal]], [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]], [[Janata Dal (Secular)]] and [[Janata Dal (United)]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Lalu-green-signal-for-Janata-Parivar-unity/articleshow/46816183.cms | title=Lalu green signal for Janata Parivar unity | publisher=[[The Times of India]] | work=Madan Kumar | date=5 April 2015 | access-date=1 November 2015}}</ref>

==Ascent to power==
[[File:V. P. Singh (cropped).jpg|100px|thumb|[[V. P. Singh]]]]
It first came to power in 1989, after cases of corruption, known as the [[Bofors scandal]], caused [[Rajiv Gandhi]]'s [[Indian National Congress|Congress (I)]] to lose the elections. The [[National Front (India)|National Front]] coalition that was formed consisted of the Janata Dal and a few smaller parties in the government, and had outside support from the [[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]] and the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. [[V. P. Singh]] was the prime minister. In November 1990, this coalition collapsed, and a new government headed by [[Chandra Shekhar]] under [[Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)]] which had the support of the Congress came to power for a short while. Two days before the vote, [[Chandra Shekhar]], an ambitious Janata Dal rival who had been kept out of the National Front government, joined with Devi Lal, a former deputy prime minister under V. P. Singh, to form the Samajwadi Janata Party, with a total of sixty [[Lok Sabha]] members. The day after the collapse of the National Front government, Chandra Shekhar informed the president that by gaining the backing of the Congress (I) and its electoral allies he enjoyed the support of 280 members of the Lok Sabha, and he demanded the right to constitute a new government. Even though his rump party accounted for only one-ninth of the members of the Lok Sabha, Chandra Shekhar succeeded in forming a new minority Government and becoming prime minister (with Devi Lal as deputy prime minister). However, Chandra Shekhar's government fell less than four months later, after the Congress (I) withdrew its support.<ref>{{cite book|last=Srivastava|first=Aaku|title=Sensex of Regional Parties|publisher=Prabhat Prakashan Pvt. Limited|date=2022|isbn=978-93-5521-236-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OEeHEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22Naga+People%27s+Front%22+-wikipedia&pg=PT231|access-date=2024-07-21}}</ref>
[[File:I k gujral.jpg|100px|thumb|[[I. K. Gujral]]]]
Its second spell of power began in 1996, when the Janata Dal-led [[United Front (India, 1996)|United Front]] coalition came to power, with outside support from the Congress under [[Sitaram Kesri]], choosing [[H. D. Deve Gowda]] as their prime minister. The Congress withdrew its support in less than a year, after the [[H. D. Deve Gowda|Deve Gowda]] Government restarted probing the corruption cases against a lot of Congress leaders, hoping to gain power with the support of various United Front constituent groups, and [[I. K. Gujral]] became the next prime minister. His government too fell in a few months, and in February 1998, the Janata Dal-led coalition lost power to the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in general elections.{{fact|date=October 2024}}

== Party presidents ==

{| class="sortable wikitable"
!No.
!Portrait
!Presidents
!Year
!Duration
|-
|1
|[[File:V. P. Singh (cropped).jpg|center|frameless|133x133px]]
|[[Vishwanath Pratap Singh]]
|1989-1997
|days
|-
|2
|[[File:Sharadyadavjdu.jpg|center|frameless|109x109px]]
|[[Sharad Yadav]]
|1997-1999
|days
|}

== National leadership ==

=== Prime minister ===

{| class="sortable wikitable"
|- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;"
! No. !! Image!! Prime ministers !! Year !! Duration !! Constituency 
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
| [[Premiership of V. P. Singh|1]] || [[File:V._P._Singh_(cropped).jpg|100px]]|| [[Vishwanath Pratap Singh]] || 1989 {{endash}} 1990  || 343 days || [[Fatehpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Fatehpur]] 
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
| 2 || [[File:Prime Minister H. D. Deve Gowda BNC.jpg|100px]]|| [[H. D. Deve Gowda]] || 1996 {{endash}} 1997 || 324 days || {{n/a}} ([[Rajya Sabha]] [[Member of Parliament (India)|MP]]) from [[Karnataka]] 
|- style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"
| 3 || [[File:Inder Kumar Gujral 071.jpg|100px]]|| [[Inder Kumar Gujral]] || 1997 {{endash}} 1998 || 332 days || {{n/a}} ([[Rajya Sabha]] [[Member of Parliament (India)|MP]]) from [[Bihar]] 
|}

=== Vice president===

{| class="sortable wikitable"
!No.
!Portrait 
!Vice president 
!Year
!Duration
|-
|1
|[[File:Krishan_Kant_2005_stamp_of_India.jpg|frameless|100x100px]]
|[[Krishan Kant]]
|21 August 1997 – 27 July 2002
|4 years, 340 days
|}

=== Deputy Prime Minister of India ===
{| class="sortable wikitable"
!No.
!Portrait
!Deputy prime minister 
!Year
!Duration
|-
|1
|[[File:Chaudhary_Devi_Lal_2001_stamp_of_India.jpg|frameless|136x136px]]
|[[Devi Lal]]
|10 November 1990 – 21 June 1991
|242 Days
|}

== State leadership ==

=== Chief minister===
{| class="sortable wikitable"
!No.
!Portrait
!Chief ministers
!State
!Year
!Duration
|-
|1
|[[File:Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Shri.Mulayam Singh Yadav, addressing at the National Development Council, New Delhi on December 9, 2006 (cropped).jpg|center|frameless|120x120px]]
|[[Mulayam Singh Yadav]]
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|
|
|-
|2
|
|[[Chimanbhai Patel]]
|[[Gujarat]]
|
|
|-
|3
|[[File:Lalu Prasad Yadav addressing the EEC - 2006 (cropped).jpg|center|frameless|100x100px]]
|[[Lalu Prasad Yadav]]
|[[Bihar]]
|
|
|-
|4
|[[File:Biju Patnaik 2018 stamp of India.jpg|center|frameless|100x100px]]
|[[Biju Patnaik]]
|[[Odisha]]
|
|
|-
|5
|[[File:The former Prime Minister, Shri H.D. Deve Gowda calling on the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, in New Delhi on June 03, 2015 (cropped 2).jpg|center|frameless|152x152px]]
|[[H. D. Deve Gowda]]
|[[Karnataka]]
|
|
|-
|6
|
|[[J. H. Patel]]
|[[Karnataka]]
|
|
|-
|7
|[[File:Devi Lal.jpg|center|frameless|131x131px]]
|[[Devi Lal]]
|[[Haryana]]
|
|
|-
|8
|[[File:Om Prakash Chautala.jpg|center|frameless|121x121px]]
|[[Om Prakash Chautala]]
|[[Haryana]]
|
|
|-
|9
|[[File:Banarsi Das Gupta.jpeg|center|frameless|109x109px]]
|[[Banarsi Das Gupta]]
|[[Haryana]]
|
|
|-
|10
|
|[[Hukam Singh (Haryana politician)|Hukum Singh]]
|[[Haryana]]
|
|
|}

=== Deputy chief minister ===
{| class="sortable wikitable"
!No.
!Portrait
!Deputy chief minister
!State
!Year
!Duration
|-
|1
|[[File:Banarsi Das Gupta.jpeg|center|frameless|109x109px]]
|[[Banarsi Das Gupta]]
|[[Haryana]]
|
|
|-
|2
|
|[[Hukam Singh (Haryana politician)|Hukam Singh]] 
|[[Haryana]]
|
|
|-
|3
|
|[[J. H. Patel]]
|[[Karnataka]]
|
|
|-
|4
|[[File:Siddaramaiah at the function to commemorate the serving of 2 billion meals of the Akshaya Patra Foundation in Karnataka (cropped).jpg|center|frameless|109x109px]]
|[[K. Siddaramaiah]]
|[[Karnataka]]
|
|
|}

== Electoral records ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+Electoral performance
!Year
! colspan="2" |Seats won
! colspan="2" |Votes
|-
|[[1989 Indian general election]]
|143
|{{Increase}} 143
|53,518,521
|{{Increase}} 53,518,521
|-
|[[1991 Indian general election]]
|59
|{{Decrease}} 84
|32,628,400
|{{Decrease}} 2,08,90,121
|-
|[[1996 Indian general election]]
|46
|{{Decrease}} 13
|27,070,340
|{{Decrease}} 55,58,060
|-
|[[1998 Indian general election]]
|6
|{{Decrease}} 40
|11,930,209
|{{Decrease}} 1,51,40,131
|-
| colspan="5" |Party Disintegrated 
|}

==National and state units==

[[File:Thakur_ji_pathak_is_in_public_rally_in_bihar_patna.jpg |right|thumb|100px|[[Thakur Ji Pathak]]]]
* National general secretary<ref>{{cite news|title=india-today|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19940615-mafia-gangs-rule-the-roost-in-jamshedpur-809281-1994-06-14|website=indiatoday.com}}</ref>

===State units===

* Uttar Pradesh
[[Anantram Jaiswal]] (1983)

* Karnataka
=== Presidents ===
[[B. Rachaiah]] (1989)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last1=Rajghatta |first1=Chidanand |last2=31 March 1989 |title=Karnataka unit Janata Dal gets a president |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19890331-karnataka-unit-janata-dal-gets-a-president-815919-1989-03-31 |access-date=2021-08-22 |website=India Today |date=31 March 1989 |language=en}}</ref>

[[Siddaramaiah]] (Feb 1999)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rediff On The NeT: Spectre of split returns to haunt JD|url=https://inwww.rediff.com/news/1999/feb/01karn1.htm|access-date=2021-12-13|website=inwww.rediff.com}}</ref>

[[C. Byre Gowda]] (July 1999)<ref name=":1" />

=== General secretary ===
[[Jeevaraj Alva]] (1989-1990)<ref>{{Cite magazine|author=Raj Chengappa |date=15 September 1988 |title=Karnataka's new CM S.R. Bommai inherits a troubled legacy|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19880915-karnataka-new-chief-minister-s-r-bommai-inherits-troubled-legacy-797677-1988-09-15|access-date=2021-08-17|magazine=India Today|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" />

[[C. Narayanaswamy]] (1999)<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|first=Parvathi|last=Menon|title=The fallout in Karnataka|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/politics/article30257767.ece|access-date=2021-12-13|website=Frontline|language=en|archive-date=2021-12-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211213164814/https://frontline.thehindu.com/politics/article30257767.ece|url-status=dead}}</ref>

* Tamil Nadu

** ''President''   
[[Sivaji Ganesan]] (1989–1993)

==Factions==

{| class="wikitable sortable"| style = centeralign
!Party Name
!Led by
!Formed
!
!Remarks
|-
! colspan="5" |Pro-[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]] parties
|-
|[[Rashtriya Lok Dal]] 
|[[Jayant Chaudhary|Chaudhary Jayant Singh]]
|1996
|
|State Party in Uttar Pradesh
|-
|[[Janata Dal (Secular)]]
|[[H. D. Deve Gowda]]
|1999
|
|State Party in Karnataka
|-
|[[Janata Dal (United)]] 
|[[Nitish Kumar]]
|2003
|Merger of Janata Dal (United) led by Sharad Yadav and [[Samata Party]] led by Nitish Kumar<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-04-06 |title=Rediff On The NeT:Samata Party breaks away from JD (U) |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2000/jan/06jdu.htm |access-date=2025-04-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406124329/https://www.rediff.com/news/2000/jan/06jdu.htm |archive-date=6 April 2020 }}</ref>
|State Party in Bihar & Manipur
|-
|[[Hindustani Awam Morcha (Secular)]]
|[[Jitan Ram Manjhi]]
|2015
|Split from [[Janata Dal (United)]]
|State party in Bihar
|-
|[[Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)]]
|[[Chirag Paswan]]
|2021
|Factioned from [[Lok Janshakti Party]]
|State Party in Bihar & Nagaland
|-
|[[Rashtriya Lok Morcha]]
|[[Upendra Kushwaha]]
|2023
|Split from [[Janata Dal (United)]]
|Unrecognised Party
|-
! colspan="5" |Pro-[[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|I.N.D.I.A.]] parties
|-
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|[[Akhilesh Yadav]]
|1992
|
|State Party in Uttar Pradesh and recognised in Maharashtra 
|-
|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] 
|[[Lalu Prasad Yadav]]
|1997
|
|State Party in Bihar and Jharkhand 
|-
|[[Rashtriya Lok Janshakti Party]]
|[[Pashupati Kumar Paras]]
|2021
|Factioned from [[Lok Janshakti Party]]
|Recognised Party
|-

! colspan="5" |Non-NDA/I.N.D.I.A. parties
|-
|[[Biju Janata Dal]] 
|[[Naveen Patnaik]]
|1997
|
|State Party in Odisha
|-
|[[Indian National Lok Dal]]
|[[Om Prakash Chautala]]
|1996
|
|Unrecognised Party
|-
|[[Jannayak Janta Party]]
|[[Ajay Singh Chautala]]
|2018
|Split from [[Indian National Lok Dal]]
|Recognised 
Party
|}

===Defunct parties===
* [[Jan Adhikar Party (Loktantrik)]] led by [[Pappu Yadav]] (merged with [[Indian National Congress]]).
* [[Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)]] of Late [[Chandra Shekhar]] is now defunct because of weak leadership.
* [[Samajwadi Janata Dal (Democratic)]] led by [[Devendra Prasad Yadav]] (merged with [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]).
* Bharatiya Sablog Party led by [[Arun Kumar (Bihar politician)|Arun Kumar]] (merged with [[Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)]]).
* [[Lok Janshakti Party]] of Late [[Ram Vilas Paswan]] and led by [[Chirag Paswan]] (split into the [[Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)]] led by Ram's son [[Chirag Paswan]], and the [[Rashtriya Lok Janshakti Party]] led by Ram's brother [[Pashupati Kumar Paras]]).
* [[Rashtriya Lok Samta Party]] led by [[Upendra Kushwaha]] (merged with [[Janata Dal United]]).
* [[Loktantrik Janata Dal]] led by Late [[Sharad Yadav]] (merged with [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]).
* Socialist Janata Party led by Manju Mohan (merged with [[Socialist Party (India), 2011|Socialist Party (India)]]).
* [[Samras Samaj Party]] led by Nagmani (merged with [[Rashtriya Lok Samta Party]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.webindia123.com/news/articles/india/20170729/3157831.html|title=Samras Samaj Party merges into RLSP|website=News.webindia123.com|access-date=22 September 2018|archive-date=7 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407110042/https://news.webindia123.com/news/articles/india/20170729/3157831.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Samata Party]] of Late [[George Fernandes]] (merged with [[Janata Dal (United)]]).
* [[Socialist Janata (Democratic)]] led by Late [[M. P. Veerendra Kumar]] (merged with [[Janata Dal (United)]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/nitish-kumar-sjd-merger-jd-u-kerala-janata-parivar-veerendra-kumar/1/409352.html |title=Nitish Kumar hails SJD's merger with JD-U in Kerala : South, News - India Today |publisher=Indiatoday.intoday.in |date=2014-12-29 |access-date=2017-03-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/SJD-Merges-with-Sharad-Yadavs-Janata-Dal-United/2014/12/29/article2593079.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141231180902/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/SJD-Merges-with-Sharad-Yadavs-Janata-Dal-United/2014/12/29/article2593079.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=31 December 2014 |title=SJD Merges with Sharad Yadav's Janata Dal (United) |publisher=The New Indian Express |date=2014-12-29 |access-date=2017-03-12}}</ref>
* [[Jan Morcha]] of Late [[V. P. Singh]] and led by [[Ajeya Pratap Singh]] (merged with [[Indian National Congress]]).
* [[Odisha Jan Morcha]] is defunct because of weak leadership.
* [[Odisha Gana Parishad]] led by [[Bijoy Mohapatra]] (merged with [[Nationalist Congress Party]]).
* [[All India Progressive Janata Dal]] led by Late [[Ramakrishna Hegde]] and late [[S. R. Bommai]] (merged with [[Janata Dal (United)]]).
* [[Janata Dal (Left)]] led by Late Surendra Mohan and Late [[M. P. Veerendra Kumar]] (merged with [[Janata Dal (Secular)]]).
* [[Lok Shakti]] led by Late [[Ramakrishna Hegde]] (merged with [[Janata Dal (United)]]).
*[[Pragatisheel Samajwadi Party (Lohiya)]] led by Shivpal Singh Yadav (merged with [[Samajwadi Party]]).
* [[Janata Dal (Gujarat)]] led by Late [[Chimanbhai Patel]] and Late [[Chhabildas Mehta]] (merged with [[Indian National Congress]]).
* Janata Dal (Digvijay) led by [[Digvijay Singh (Rajasthan politician)|Digvijay Singh]] (merged with [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]).
* [[Janata Dal (Ajit)]] led by Late [[Ajit Singh (politician, born 1939)|Ajit Singh]] (merged with [[Indian National Congress]]).
* Janata Dal (Socialist) led by Late [[Chandra Shekhar]], Late [[Devi Lal]], Late [[Mulayam Singh Yadav]] (renamed as Late [[Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)]]).
* Punjab Janata Morcha (PJM), in English the Punjab Popular Front, was a [[Sikh]] [[political party]] in the [[India]]n state of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]. The party formed in 1989 as a splinter group of the Janata Dal. The party failed to win any election seats in its lifetime. Party president [[Kirpal Singh]] announced that the PJM was disbanded in 1997. Most members joined the [[Jan Morcha]] by 2003.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/from-lucknow-to-delhi-parties-that-died-with-their-founders-4442605/ | title=From Lucknow to Delhi, parties that died with their founders | date=24 December 2016 | newspaper=The Indian Express | access-date=27 June 2018 }}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Samata Party]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Samata Party – Official Website |url=https://samataparty.org/ |access-date=2022-04-25 |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-02-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220215101928/https://samataparty.org/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Leaders of Janata Dal}}
{{Janata Parivar parties}}

[[Category:Janata Dal| ]]
[[Category:Defunct political parties in India]]
[[Category:V. P. Singh administration]]
[[Category:1988 establishments in India]]
[[Category:1999 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Political parties disestablished in 1999]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1988]]